INTRODUCTION WHAT IS A VERB? © 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A VERB?

© 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA

Summary: VERB FUNCTIONS• A verb is a word used to show action.• A verb is a word used to show being.


Summary: VERB FORMS

1. The form of the verb is changed by:• The PERSON involved• The NUMBER of persons involved• The TENSE or time of action2. A verb can be alone or with a helping verb. • ALONE: The verb can change in form.• WITH A HELPING VERB: the helping verb

changes.


USES OF VERBS

TO SHOW THE STATUS OF ACTIONSTO SHOW THE STATE OF BEING


VERBS OF ACTION

SHOW THE STATUS OF ACTIONS


The Status of Actions

• FREQUENCY: HOW OFTEN– It happens once– It happens regularly – It happens repeatedly

• TIME: WHEN– It is happening now– It happened in the past– It will happen in the future

VERBS OF ACTION: EXAMPLES

SHOWING TIME OF ACTIONSHOWING FREQUENCY OF ACTION


SENTENCE FREQUENCY TIME

To exercise, I run on sunny mornings. Repeated

Presently true, but not

happening right now

It hides when I sing. Repeated

He plans roads for rich countries. Repeated

The sun rises in the east. Regular

The new heart beats 120 times per minute. Regular

We pray whenever we feel extreme fear. Repeated

She uses eggs to make macaroni salad. Repeated

Using Verbs: Simple Present TenseTO EXPRESS GENERAL TRUTHS

CLUE: Regular actions are natural phenomena with a repetition pattern.Repeated actions do not always happen; they happen sometimes.


Come and eat with us. One-time event Future

x One-time event Future

We appreciate your chivalry. One-time event Present

I see that you are confused. One-time event Present

He misses his family. Repeated eventTrue at present, but

not necessarily happening right now

The baby speaks in gibberish. Repeated event

x Repeated event

Using Verbs: Simple Present Tense TO SHOW PRESENT OR FUTURE EVENTS



Then we will touch the red button. One-time event Future

I will dream tonight. One-time event Future

We will see a solar eclipse twice this year. One-time event Future

x One-time event Future

x Repeated event Future



Using Verbs: Future TenseTO SHOW ONE-TIME OR REPEATED EVENTS



We tasted that last year. One-time event Past

I thought you called them. One-time event Past

It ate until it burst. One-time event Past

She sliced the cake. One-time event Past

He edited the paper for ten years. Repeated event Past

They listened to her when she was rich. Repeated event Past

We had turkey once a year. Repeated event Past

Using Verbs: Past TenseTO SHOW ONE-TIME OR REPEATED EVENTS


Verbs of Action: SUMMARY

CAN BE USED TO SHOW TIME OF ACTION• PAST ACTION• PRESENT ACTION • FUTURE ACTION

CAN BE USED TO SHOW FREQUENCY OF ACTION• ONE-TIME ACTION • REPEATED ACTION • REGULAR ACTION


Verbs of Action: EXERCISE

SHOW TIME OF ACTION• PAST: • PRESENT:• FUTURE:

SHOW FREQUENCY OF ACTION• ONE-TIME• REPEATED• REGULAR


USES OF VERBS

TO SHOW STATUS OF ACTIONSTO SHOW STATES OF BEING


VERBS OF BEING: AM, IS, ARE

1. SHOW A STATE OF BEING or EXISTENCE, 2. SHOW A STATE OF FEELING,3. SHOW A STATE OF DISORDER or SICKNESS, 4. SHOW A STATE OF THE CLIMATE or WEATHER


Examples: Verbs of Being SHOW A STATE OF EXISTENCE, DISORDER, FEELING, CLIMATE

• EXISTENCE – The water is hot. (STATUS: Present)• EXISTENCE – We were here. (STATUS: Past)• DISORDER – I am sick. (STATUS: Present)• DISORDER – She is deaf. (STATUS: Always)• FEELING – You are happy. (STATUS: Present)• FEELING – He is in love. (STATUS: Present)• CLIMATE – It was raining. (STATUS: Past)• CLIMATE– It is cold in October. (STATUS: Always)

NOTE: Verbs of being have two words: helping verb and main verb.


Compare Verbs: Action VS Being

ACTION VERBS• RUN – I run every morning.• TOUCH – We touch things.• LISTEN – They listen to her.• READ – Let’s read now.• TASTE – Don’t taste that.• PLAN – He plans roads.• THINK – We think that’s ok.• DREAM – I dream of you.

BEING VERBS• SICK – I am sick.• RAIN – It is raining.• COLD – It is cold in October.• HOT – The water is hot.• HAPPY – You are happy.• IN LOVE – He is in love.• DEAF – She is deaf.• HERE – We are here.

All verbs are underlined. The main verb is in blue. The helping verb to be is in red.


TEST WARNINGCONFUSED BY BEING AND ACTION VERBS?

CLUE: Verbs of being use the helping verb to be. Action verbs don’t.

CLUE: When you are confused, ask yourself : is the helping verb a form of the verb to be?

YOUR CHOICE: Review or skip this?Forms of the verb to be


The verb to be: NUMBER FORMSSINGULAR

One person does the action

I am eating.You alone are eating.

He is eating.She is eating.It is eating.

PLURAL Many persons do the action

We are eating.All of you are eating.

They are eating.

The plural form is the same but the singular has different forms. What is an easy rule to remember?

YOUR CHOICE: Review or skip the rule?


The Rule of Number

The plural and singular forms are the same except the 1st and 3rd person singular.

You know the 1st, 2nd and 3rd person pronouns.

YOUR CHOICE: Review or skip this?Person Pronouns


The PronounsPERSON SINGULAR PLURAL

1ST PERSON I WE

2ND PERSON YOU YOU

3RD PERSON HE SHE IT THEY

The 2nd person plural and singular are the same.The rest are different.


The Person Forms of to be

Now you know the personal pronouns, you can use them with the verb to be.

YOUR CHOICE: Review or skip this?Person Forms of the verb to be


The Verb to bePERSON SINGULAR PLURAL

1ST AM ARE

2ND ARE ARE

3RD IS ARE

The plural and singular forms are the same except the 1st and 3rd person singular.


HOW TO USE IT

WITH EXAMPLES


The verb to be: HOW TO USE IT


PERSON NUMBER EXAMPLE ACTION DONE BY

1ST PERSON

SINGULAR I am eating. THE PERSON WHO IS SPEAKING

PLURAL We are eating. THE PERSONS WHO ARE SPEAKING

2ND PERSON

SINGULAR You alone are eating. THE ONE I’M TALKING TO

PLURAL All of you are eating. THE ONES I’M TALKING TO

3RD PERSON

SINGULAR

He is eating.

THE ONE WE’RE TALKING ABOUT

Male

She is eating. Female

It is eating. No gender

PLURAL They are eating. THE ONES WE’RE TALKING ABOUT

The Verb To Be

A SHORT REVIEW


Review

SUMMARY OF FUNCTIONS• A verb is a word used to show action.• A verb is a word used to show being.


ReviewSUMMARY OF FORM

1. The form of the verb is changed by:– Person involved– Number of persons involved– Tense or time of action

2. A verb can be alone or with a helping verb. – When alone, the verb can change in form.– With a helping verb, only the helping verb

changes.


THE VERB TO BE IS USED TO SHOW:1. STATE OF EXISTENCE or BEING

You are a genius, yes, but I am a famous movie star.He is happy because they are gone.

2. STATE OF SICKNESS, DISORDER or CONDITIONThis bed is dirty but that room is clean.Although the trees are dead, my plants are healthy.

3. STATE OF WEATHER OR CLIMATEJune is hot, though it is cooler in the afternoons.


REVIEW

1. Words that do not show action are not verbs.2. Words that do not show being are not verbs.3. A verb is a word that shows a state or status.4. It can be a state of action, or a state of being.5. Verbs that show being have a helping verb.6. The 3 helping verbs are: am, is, and are.7. Verb forms are changed by the person, the

number of persons, and the time.8. The helping verb changes; the verb doesn’t.


Test Yourself: RETENTION1. A verb is a word that shows a state or status.2. It can be a state of action or a state of being.3. Words that do not show action are not verbs.4. Words that do not show being are not verbs.5. Verbs that show being have a helping verb.6. The three helping verbs are: am, is, and are.7. Verb forms are changed by the person, 8. the number of persons involved, and 9. the time.10.It is the helping verb that changes; the verb doesn’t.


Test Yourself: APPLICATIONTEST YOURSELF

1. I kiss the winner each year.2. A kiss can be a bad thing.3. I am kissing your hand.4. It tastes bad.5. That smells good.6. Please smell the flowers.7. I will taste your food.8. I will give you a kiss.9. That’s the smell of home.10. I like that color.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS

• ACTION• BEING• NOT A VERB


HOW TO USE VERBS

THAT IS THE END OF THE LECTURETHANK YOU


Documents

INTRODUCTION WHAT IS A VERB? © 2011 JAIME CABRERA, ENGLISH LANGUAGE SERVICES, BINUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAKARTA