INTRODUCTION TO · PDF fileINTRODUCTION TO DRILLING People new to the drilling industry, pump-men, derrick-men, ... begins offshore where seismic has to be used to indicate

C o n t a c t U s f o r S p e c i a l C o r p o r a t e R a t e N o w !

INTRODUCTION

TO DRILLING

Course Overview

Aims & Objectives

This course gives delegates a thorough understanding of the drilling process,

specifically how we drill and why we drill as we do to reach the oil & gas contained

within the reservoirs buried below the earth.

Beginning with how oil & gas was formed, the course then goes through basic geology

before explaining the drilling process which includes the types of drilling rigs used to

carry out the drilling process and the people who make the rigs and drilling

equipment work. We then look at how oil & gas is produced up the well we have just

drilled prior to looking at Drilling Case Histories / Examples and the delegates carrying

out an exciting Teamwork Drilling Exercise to aid their learning.

Provision is also made for delegates to discuss any aspect of drilling in order to attain

understanding of this often difficult subject and all its areas.

COURSE MATERIAL

Course material will be through the following media: - Lectures / Discussions, Videos /

Digital Film, Case Histories of Different Projects, Teamwork Exercises

By the end of the course, delegates will understand how exploration, appraisal

and development wells are drilling on land and offshore. The following types of

rigs will be covered:- Land rigs, Jack-ups, Platforms, Tender-assist, Semi-

submersibles and Drill-ships.

Who Should Attend

IDEAS CREATE DRILLING SOLUTIONS

visit us at www.wellideas.com

INTRODUCTION TO DRILLING

People new to the drilling industry, pump-men, derrick-men, young trainee Drilling

Engineers, Service Company Personnel, anybody who needs to know about Drilling

and the Drilling industry.

Your Dedicated Coach

Overview

“easo ed p ofessio al ith 3 ea s’ o ld ide experience on drill-ships, semi-submersibles, tender-assist

units, platforms, jack-ups and land rigs.

Extensive experience both onshore and offshore in

engineering and operations for Operators and Drilling

Contractors on exploration, appraisal & development

wells.

Extensive risk assessment, advisory, planning and rig-site

work experience ranging from Drilling Engineer through to

Drilling Supervisor, Superintendent & Drilling Manager.

Training

Training experience worldwide ranges across

Operators, Drilling Contractors and Service

Companies both in-house and public in the

following areas :-

HPHT

Stuck Pipe Prevention & Fishing

Deepwater Well Engineering

Deepwater Operations

Directional Drilling

Horizontal & Multilateral Wells

Accelerated Drilling Programmes for Drilling

Contractors

Graduate Drilling Engineering for Operators

Optimised Drilling Practices

Well Planning & Engineering

Well Construction

Well Control (Advanced, Understanding,

Deepwater & HPHT)

Consultancy

Engineering & Operations Advisor to

Operators, Drilling Contractors, Banks &

Insurance Companies worldwide re Drilling &

Field Development, Risk & Blowouts

Hazard Analysis

Offshore Operations

Technical Advisor for HPHT

Developments

Well Control

Technical Advisor for Deepwater

Operations

Project

Project Manager for HPHT Field

Development; Standard Field

Development

Production Optimisation

Risk Mitigation

Brownfield Re-development

Deepwater

Well Control

Management Systems



Michael Gibson (PhD)


HOW OIL & GAS WAS FORMED & THE NATURE OF RESERVOIRS

The Jurassic era (165 – 225 million years ago)

Carbon & Temperature

Reservoir rock – sandstone, limestone and shale

Where does the pressure come from? In this sub-section we will

look at where and how pore pressure builds up in the reservoir and

ho the gas / o de sate / oil a e te the ell hilst it’s ei g drilled.

• Yellow typically represents gas, Green represents oil, and blue

represents water. (The darker the blue, the greater the salinity).

GEOLOGY

There are a variety of different rock formations over-lying the reservoir

which we need to drill through in order to reach the oil / gas reservoir.

In this section we look at example rock formations we drill through,

commencing with hard then medium and finally soft rocks.

HOW RE“ERVOIR TARGET“ ARE FOUND GEOLOGICALLY & BY SEISMIC

This a ea of the ou se looks at ho geologists a e a le to fi d oil stud i g the su ou di g geolog , The a fi d oil seeps su h as i Assam, north-east India or be able to deduce oil in place through

si ila o se atio s . Fo e a ple, oil as fou d i the Da a a ea of Saudi Arabia in 1938 because of similarities of geology with the oil

fields in Iraq, across the Arabian Gulf. However, just as it is with things

today, the well had to be drilled all those years ago in order to confirm

the geologist’s opi io s.

Once the land fields have been developed, exploration then

begins offshore where seismic has to be used to indicate

whether oil and gas is likely to be found by exploration drilling.



DAY ONE

Sandstone Reservoir Matrix (left) & Limestone Reservoir Matrix (right)

Schematics of typical reservoir*

Pore pressure (left) & Permeability (right)

Quartz (left), 135 – 205 million years old; Red Granite (right),

400 million years old

Competent Sandstone (Medium Strength)

Fractured Mudstone / Sandstone Matrix, (left)

& Horizontally Fractured Sandstone (right)

Base Tertiary

Top Triassic

Top Bacton

Top Zechstein

Top Rotliegend

Planned Well TD

Jurassic

Planned Well 48/14-EN1SW NE

Base Chalk

Base Tertiary

Top Triassic

Top Bacton

Top Zechstein

Top Rotliegend

Planned Well TD

Jurassic

Planned Well 48/14-EN1SW NE

Base Chalk

An example of modern-day seismic. Southern North Sea, U.K.

DRILLING RIG EQUIPMENT

Drilling Rigs have a fascinating array of equipment on-board, as can be seen in the

above photographs – e.g. the derrick (sometimes 2), cranes, pipe storage decks,

Blowout Prevention Equipment and mud pumps (below). We will look at equipment

in some detail on the course


DAY TWO

SELECTING THE DRILLING RIG SITE & DESIGNING THE WELL

TO REACH THE RESERVOIR

The relative positions of the reservoir and where the rig is to be

pla ed dete i e the ell’s desig . Du i g this se tio e ill look at what drives drill site selection and what drives reservoir

entry.

DRILLING RIGS

During this section we look at the characteristics of Land rigs,

Jack-up rigs, Tender-assist, Platforms, Semi-submersibles and

Drill-ships.



Land rig exploring for oil in the Ru ’ al Khali, “audi Ara ia

Jack-up offshore Saudi Arabia

Tender-assist Rig offshore Asia

Platform offshore Indonesia

The Eirik Raude Deepwater Semi-submersible offshore The Falklands

Dual Activity Deepwater Drill Ship

National 12-P-160 Mud Pump on-board a semi-submersible


DAY THREE

DRILLING SYSTEMS: DRILL BITS, THE DRILLING ASSEMBLY &

DRILL PIPE

Afte ha i g studied the D illi g Rig’s E uip e t / “ ste s, e o look at what we need to drill the hole sections down to the reservoir.

We begin with the drill bits which actually drill the rock, the drilling

asse l ehi d the it a d the d ill pipe hi h o e ts the ig’s systems to the drilling assembly.

Bottom-hole Drilling Assemblies are complex, but in this section we

ill lea hat’s i po ta t i thei desig a d h the a e constructed as they are. Key to their design are items like

stabilisation, number of Non Magnetic Drill Collars, number of

standard drill collars, when the jar is placed etc.

Drill pipe connects the BHA back to the rig. There are several

diameters, weights and grades of drill pipe available. Commonly used

is “13 OD d ill-pipe. More modern rigs (e.g. latest generation)

t pi all use /8 d ill-pipe.

HOW HOLES ARE DRILLED

In this section of the course we look at the key areas which must be

considered in order to be able to drill, for example:-

Rock / Formation Compressive Strength

How Drill Bits actually work (shearing and compression)

How the mud / drilling fluid brings cuttings to surface

Things to look out for / avoid

The importance of a well-designed BHA (Bottom Hole Assembly)

In order to fully explain the above, we will see videos / digital film as well as

traditional lectures / discussions.

WHAT CA“ING I“, HOW & WHY IT’“ RUN

Once we have drilled the hole we run large diameter steel pipe for both

integrity and to prevent the hole from collapsing. We will look at the

different weights, sizes and properties of the wide variety of casing available

to us a d ho it’s u .



Tungsten Carbide Insert Bit (left), Mull Tooth Bit (Centre) and PDC Bit (right)

Example of lower-most section of a BHA

Drill-pipe with Tool Joints (Note the hard-banding)


DAY FOUR

CEMENTING THE CASING IN PLACE

Once the casing has been run into the hole, cement slurry is pumped down / through the casing and up the

annulus between the casing and the hole. Once set, the combined casing / cement is a barrier to the upward

migration of gas (contained within the reservoir). It also enables the reservoir to be selectively perforated – i.e.

the Operator can avoid gas and water being produced by only perforating across the oil zone of the reservoir.

DRILLING DEEPER

As drill-pipe becomes stronger through advances in steel manufacture and increases in diameter, and as rigs

become more powerful, wells can be drilled deeper and further. In this section we will look at how we can

calculate how deep we can go with a certain weight and grade of drill pipe, and what we can do to drill deeper if

required (e.g. deep-lying reservoirs).

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

The majority of wells drilled today are directional and directional drilling is a fascinating subject area. In this

section we look at the various items of equipment and tool systems which are available to us for directional

drilling purposes.



Typically Oil is represented as green, water as blue, condensate as red and gas as yellow


DAY FIVE

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE REACH THE RESERVOIR

If the well is an exploration or appraisal well, the reservoir may be cored. This means cutting a cylinder of reservoir with a core

barrel and core head. The core is then subjected to several tests in various laboratories.

After coring, the well is likely to be logged with wireline tools. We will look at both coring and logging in quite some detail during

the course. Depending upon a variety of factors, the well may also be tested to see, amongst other things, what rate the well will

flow at and what are the characteristics of the hydrocarbons.

HOW OIL & GAS IS PRODUCED

There are many ways in which oil and gas can be produced. Usually we start with the well completion phase which looks at how

e o plete the ell a oss the ese oi . It a e that the ell a sta ope o it a e ui e a pe fo ated li e o sand-

screens. Once the reservoir interface problems have been solved, the completion engineer will then design the upper completion

which consists of production tubing, packer, packer fluid, downhole safety valve etc. ending with the tubing hanger and Production

Tree (Sometimes called the Xmas Tree). The hydrocarbons will then typically go through separators (to separate any water or gas

produced with the oil) thence to export (pipeline or FPSO / shuttle tanker etc).

CASE HISTORIES / EXAMPLES / TEAMWORK EXERCISE

During this section of the course we will look at a variety of Case Histories which were successful plus some Case Histories which

were not.

There will be a Teamwork Exercise to put all of your learning into practice which is considered a fun way to learn based upon past

delegates feed-back.

OPEN FORUM / Q & A

Before the course closes, delegates have the opportunity to ask the Trainer any questions they have in order to maximise their

understanding of the drilling industry and how wells are drilled.



Typical Core Barrel

Testing Gas Wells

IDEAS (Independent Drilling Engineering

AssociateS) is a thinking company. It focuses its

in-depth and holistic knowledge, breadth of

experience and expertise onto operators, drilling

contractors and service o pa ies’ drilling

engineering and related work requirements, to

provide top quality fast turnaround bespoke work

packages on either an ad-hoc or long term basis,

24 hrs per day / 365 days per year, worldwide.

Through applying creative thought, ingenuity,

experience, integrative life-cycle considerations,

fully focused dedication and commitment to

problem-solving, IDEAS aim to provide the most

professional, solution-oriented, cost-effective

drilling engineering and related services

anywhere around the world at any time.

Objectively.

Independently.

Quickly.

Independent Drilling Engineering AssociateS

IDEAS CREATE SOLUTIONS


Contact us today for In-House Drilling

Solutions to maximise safety, efficiency,

performance, productivity & minimise cost!

For more information, please email us at

[email protected]

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18 Sin Ming Lane

#08-26 Midview City

Singapore 573960

Tel: +65 6659 0272

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.wellideas.com

I would like to contact IDEAS for In-House Consultancy Solutions

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Independent Drilling Engineering

Associates Scotland

1 Mill Court

Gourdon Montrose DD10 0NL

Scotland, United Kingdom

Tel: +44 1561 360358

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.wellideas.com

Documents

INTRODUCTION TO · PDF fileINTRODUCTION TO DRILLING People new to the drilling industry, pump-men, derrick-men, ... begins offshore where seismic has to be used to indicate