1.0 Introduction to Drilling

8/19/2019 1.0 Introduction to Drilling

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Drilling Engineering

Kanad Kulkarni

23/09/2014


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Teacher – Kanad Kulkarni

• MSc Geology &Petroleum

Engineering

• PhD in Petroleum Engineering

• Looking to developcompetencie in you that ! "eel

#ill help you throughout your

career

• $oure $o%ordinator i DrMohammed aan

• $ontact '

kanad(kulkarni)port(ac(uk

• *oom ' +,(-,./

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Unit Details

• 24 Lectures throughout the year

• Assessment is slit in t!o arts 30" marks#or la$ !ork/ online test and %0" marks #or

&nal e'am• 2 assignments

– (anuary ) moodle $ased online test*

– +arch ) La$ or#olio moodle $ased su$mission*

• Aril, +ay closed $ook !ritten e'am

• -econd attemt . losed $ook moodle $asede'am


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olicies

• o Late su$mission or missing o# moodle test) unless in#ormed !ith E oce*

• o +ake u e'am

• All la$s are comulsory• Attendance in class !ill $e monitored as er

the UKA 5 Uni6ersity re7uirements

• o entry to lecture a#ter 18 minutes o#starting time

• Any a$sence #rom class/ La$s should $ein#ormed to Eng oce


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012ective Drilling

• !denti"y the ma2or component o" a drilling rig

• E3plain the purpoe o" the drilling mud ytem

• !denti"y common drilling 1it and the "ormation in#hich they are ued

• !denti"y the ma2or component o" a 1lo#%out

prevention ytem

• Lit i3 type o" o""hore drilling rig and tate#here each i ued


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Drilling Engineering

oreholes are made to reco6er oil and gasusing a machine kno!n as a drilling rig :hey can $e mo$ile e7uiment mounted

on trucks; tracks or trailers; or moreermanent land, or marine,$asedstructures )such as oil lat#orms;commonly called * :heterm re#ers to the comle' o#e7uiment thatis used to enetrate thesur#ace o# the Earth>s crust


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Main Drilling *ig E4uipment Sytem


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oitingSytem

5

-

6

$ro#n 7lock

Deadline

Traveling 7lock

Drum

Deadline +nchor

Storage *eel

8at Line

Dra##ork

9

:

5,

;

:

/

<

=

9

>ireline

Pipe elevator

;

55

Drum 7rake


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Top Drive Sytem

Topdrive

*ig "loor Drill pipe

?+@ "rame

Guiderail


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$irculation Sytem

Mud oue

Drill $ollar

7oreholeShalelide

Mud pit

Shale

haker

$hemical tankMud returnline

Dicharge

Mudpump

S#ivel

Kelly

Drill pipe

+nnulu

*eerve

pit

7it

Standpipe

*otary hoe


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Drilling Mud ! $irculated

Do#n >ell >hile Drilling

Purpoe o" drilling mud

• $lean drill cutting "rom hole

• Lu1ricate the drill tring

• $ool 1it• $ontrol "lo# o" ga and "luid "rom the

"ormation Ahydrotatic preureB


12/52

Preparation o" Drilling Mud

• >ater% or oil%1aed "luid

• Thickened #ith polymer to li"t

"ormation cutting "rom #ell

• >eighted #ith clay and other material

to increae denity "or #ell control

• 0ther chemical are added to prevent

"ormation damage


13/52

ydrotatic Preure

o" Mud A8luidB $olumn

• :he !eight o# the ?uid e'erts a #orce)hydrostatic ressure* in the !ell$ore

that controls #ormation ressure

hydrostatic ressure )si*

@ mud !eight )g* ' deth )#t* '0082


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E3ample 5

Pro1lem'

$alculate the hydrotatic preure e3erted 1y a 5,(/

ppg mud at


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0ver1alanced Drilling

• ydrotatic preure e3erted 1y column o"

"luid i greater than "ormation preure

• Prevent oilC ga and.or #ater "rom "lo#ing

into #ell

• $an caue damage to the "ormation due

to drilling mud "iltrate invaion

• uallyC -,, – /,, pi o" e3ce preure

i deired


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7alanced Drilling

• ydrotatic preure e3erted 1y column

o" "luid i appro3imately e4ual to

"ormation preure

• *educe chance o" drilling mud

damage

• !ncreae rik o" "lo# into #ell1ore AkickB


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nder1alanced Drilling

• ydrotatic preure e3erted 1y column o"

"luid i le than "ormation preure

• 8ormation "lo# oilC ga and.or #ater #hiledrilling

• $an 1e a a"ety haFard Acontrolled

1lo#outB #ithout proper control e4uipment


18/52

8ormation 8racture Preure

• Preure at #hich a "ormation #ill crack

or "racture

•ually e3preed a a gradientCpreure a a "unction o" depthC pi."t

• >hile drillingC the hydrotatic preure

hould 1e le than the "racture preure

or igni"icant mud lo can occur into the

"ormation and the #ell could 1lo# out


19/52

The Drill String and 7it


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7aic 7ottomhole Drilling +em1ly

• Drill ie

– ro6ides rotation to $it

• Drill collars

– ro6ide !eight on $it

• Drill $it

– rinds layers o# rock to make hole


21/52

$ommon Type o" Drill 7it

• !nert

• Mill tooth

• Polycrytalline diamond compact

APD$B


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!nert 7it

*adial eal

*oller 1earing

or 1uhing

Thrut "ace

Greae reervoir

*eervoir cap

Diaphragm

$ar1ide tooth

7it leg

Shank

7it in"ormation

AiFeC typeC erial num1erB

$one

Shirttail

Greae reervoir

cap

et noFFle


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Mill Tooth 7it


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Polycrytalline Diamond $ompact

APD$B 7it

unk lot

!nterchangea1le

noFFle

PD$ cutter

7reaker lot


25/52

The 7lo#%0ut Prevention Sytem


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7lo#%0ut Preventer7ell nipple

8lo# line8ill line

+nnular preventer

Pipe ram

Shear.1lind ram

Kill line $hoke

Pipe ram

Emergency kill line Emergency choke

70P rier

Drilling pool

$aing head


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People on the *ig


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Drilling Peronnel

M u d E n g ( $ e m e n t e r M u d L o g g e r 0 t h e r

S e r v i c e $ o (

* o t a r y

& e l p e r

* o u g h

H e c k

D e r r i c k m a n * o u t a 1 o u t

D r i l l e r $ r a n e 0 p ( M o t o r m a n * i g

M e c h a n i c

* i g

E l e c t r i c i a n

T o o l P u h e r

M u d L o g g e r

G e o l o g i t

$ o m p a n yM a n


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Drilling Peronnel A$ont@dB

M u d E n g ( $ e m e n t e r M u d L o g g e r 0 t h e r

S e r v i c e $ o (

* o t a r y

& e l p e r

* o u g h

H e c k

D e r r i c k m a n * o u t a 1 o u t

D r i l l e r $ r a n e 0 p ( M o t o r m a n * i g

M e c h a n i c

* i g

E l e c t r i c i a n

T o o l P u h e r

M u d L o g g e r

G e o l o g i t

$ o m p a n y

M a n


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Type o" Drilling *ig


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0""hore *ig Type

S#amp1arge

acket#ithtender

ack%up Semi%u1 8i3edPlat"orm

Drillhip


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-emisu$mersi$lesLake/-!am arges

Land igs

Drill -hi (ack Us +onohull :enders

Drilling *ig


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Land *ig


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Sedco 702 in TAD-mode offshore New Zealand

Semiu1meri1le


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Semiu1meri1le


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Type o" >ell

• Iertical

• Deviated

• oriFontal

• Slimhole


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Per"oration

$aing

Tu1ing

To production e4uipment

>ellhead

Ga or oil and

Iertical >ell

ydrocar1on

Packer


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S%hape Tangent

oriFontal

Deviated >ell Pro2ectorie


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Do#nhole

+em1ly "or

7uilding ole

+ngle

String ta1iliFer

Kicko"" u1

7ent u1

Lo#%peedC

high%tor4ue motor

pper 1earing

houing #ith ta1iliFer


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ole 0rientation

• Single hot urvey A1aicB – *un every =,, % 6,, "t and at 1it trip to

record hole angle

• Magnetic multi%hot – Tool run 1e"ore 1it trip

– *ecord hole angle #hile pulling out o" hole

• Gyrocope – Electronic urvey o" hole angle and direction


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oriFontal >ell $ompletion

-,,,%6,,, "t

/,,%:6, "t

J

5(6°%/°."t=,%-, "t radii

56,,%/,,, "t

J


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Slim ole Drilling

• Le e3penive 1ecaue'

– Le ite preparation

– Eaier e4uipment mo1iliFation

– *eduction in the amount o" conuma1le Adrill

1itC cementC mudC "uelB

– Le cutting to dipoe o"

– Smaller e4uipment


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Multi%Lateral >ell $ompletion

-tacked Lateral;+ultile Layers

lanar Lateral;-ingle Layer

lanar Bosed Lateral;-ingle Layer


44/52

Guideline "or >ell Type 7aed pon

*eervoir $onideration

• Iertical #ell % thickC permea1le "ormation

• Iertical #ell #ith vertical hydraulic "racture %

thickC lo# permea1ility "ormation

• oriFontal #ell – ThinC permea1le "ormation

– Thin oil column overlaid 1y ga and.or underlaid

1y #ater

– Haturally "ractured reervoir• Multilateral % layered reervoir


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Drilling Pro1lem

• Stuck pipe

• 8ihing

• Lot circulation


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$aue o" Stuck Pipe

Drillpipe P1h P" P1h P"

7orehole


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Heed "or 8ihing

• Drill pipe le"t in hole At#ited o""C 1acked

o""C reult o" cementing operationB• !tem that have 1een dropped into the

hole Arig "loor toolC part o" the drill

tringB• Logging tool


48/52

Lot $irculation7orehole

Mud

8iure in

"ormation


49/52

Solution to Lot $irculation Pro1lem

• +dd plugging material uch a

celluloe chip to circulating mud


50/52

*eading +ignment

Drilling and $ompletion

• SPE.!+D$ /:95/C The Evolution o"

Pro"ita1le Drilling in Prudhoe 7ay' +$ae o" +dapting to Survive


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Summary

>ell Stimulation

• *eaon to timulate

• Stimulation treatment – Matri3 acidiFing

– ydraulic "racturing

• Stimulation candidate• E""ect o" kin "actor on preure


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Summary

Drilling and $ompletion

• *otary drilling rig

• Drilling "luid• Type o" drilling rig

• Deviated #ell

• Drilling pro1lem• $ompletion method

• >ell timulation

Documents

1.0 Introduction to Drilling