(2) drilling rig operations & a to z rotary drilling rig components

Rig Operations Presentation

Rotary Drilling Rig Components

1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure

2. Power and Prime Movers

3. Hoisting Component

4. Rotating Component

5. Circulating Component

6. Well Control Component

7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment

8. Bit

9. Fishing Tools









8. Bit

9. Fishing Tools



Derrick

A large load bearing structure, usually of bolted construction. The standard derrick has four legs standing at the corners of the substructure.



Mast

A portable derrick that can be raised as unit. For transporting by land, the mast can be divided into two or more section.



Substructure

The foundation in which the derrick or mast and usually the Drawworks sit. In contains space for storage and well control equipment.



1. Mast or Derrick and Substructure


2. Power and Prime MoversInternal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power for driving equipment on the Rig.

A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internal-combustion engine and in which power is distributed to rig components through devices such as chains, sprockets, clutches and shaft is said to be a Mechanical Rig.


Internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power for driving equipment on the Rig.

A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internal-combustion engine and in which power is distributed to rig components through devices such as chains, sprockets, clutches and shaft is said to be a Mechanical Rig.



A drilling rig in which the source of power is effected by the combination of engines, generator set, control system and electric motors is said to be a Electric Drilling Rig.







DC-DC System





AC-DC System







The Rig Equipment responsible for the raising and lowering of the Drillstring. Consist of the following:

1. Mast or Derrick

2. Drawworks

3. Crown Block

4. Traveling Block

5. Deadline Anchor

6. Supply Reel

7. Drilling Line



The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the drillstring.

2. Drawworks



An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the derrick/mast and over which the drilling line is reeved.

3. Crown Block




3. Crown Block

FAST SHEAVE

CROWN SHEAVE




3. Crown Block




3. Crown Block



An assembly of sheaves or pulleys through which the drilling line is reeved and which moves up and down in the Derrick or Mast.

4. Traveling Block

BLOCK HOOK




4. Traveling Block

TRAVELING BLOCK WITH DYNAPLEX HOOK




4. Traveling Block

TRAVELING BLOCK WITH UNIMATIC HOOK



An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope. It is usually bolted on to the substructure.

5. Deadline Anchor

COMPRESSION

TENSION



5. Deadline Anchor

An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope. It is usually bolted on to the substructure.



6. Supply Reel

A spool that stores the unused portion of the Drilling Line.



7. Drilling Line

The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools.

Right Lang Lay

Left Lang Lay

Right Regular Lay

Left Regular Lay

Types of Wire Rope Lay


7. Drilling Line

The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools.

Type of Wire Rope Construction



7. Drilling Line

Typically the wire rope used for Drilling Line would have the following characteristics:


Shallow:

Deep:

1” to 1-1/8” diameter

1-1/4” to 2” diameter

Contruction: 6 x 19 S or 6 x 21 S or 6 x 25 FW, RRL, IPS or EIP, IWRC










The Rig Equipment responsible for rotating the Drillstring. Consist of the following:

1. Swivel

2. Kelly Spinner

3. Kelly or Top Drive

4. Kelly Bushing

5. Master Bushing

6. Rotary Table



The rotary tool that is hung from the hook of the traveling block to suspend the drillstring and permit it to rotate freely.

1. Swivel



It also provide connection for the rotary hose and provide passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drillstem.

1. Swivel



It also provide connection for the rotary hose and provide passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drillstem.

1. Swivel



A pneumatically controlled device mounted below the Swivel that when actuated causes the Kelly to spin.

2. Kelly Spinner



A pneumatically controlled device mounted below the Swivel that when actuated causes the Kelly to spin.

2. Kelly Spinner



The heavy steel member, usually four or six-sided that is suspended from the Swivel through the Rotary Table and connected to the topmost joint of drillpipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns.

3. Kelly



It has a bored passageway that permits fluid to be circulated into the drill stem and up the annulus or vise versa.

3. Kelly



A hydraulically powered device located below the Swivel that when actuated allows the Drillstem to spin and proceed in drilling.

3. Top Drive



A device that when fitted to master bushing transmits torque to the kelly and simultaneously permits vertical movement of the Kelly to make hole.

4. Kelly Bushing

Type HDP Type HDS Type MDS

Heavy Duty fits 23” through 49-1/2” Rotary Table

Heavy Duty for Square Drive Rotary Tables

Medium Duty for Square Rotary Table


A device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate the slips and drive the kelly bushing so that the rotating motion of the rotary table can be transmitted to the Kelly.

5. Master Bushing

Type MSPC Type MSPC Type MBSSType MPCH

Fits 20-1/2” to 27-1/2” Rotary Tables







Equipment used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly.

6. Rotary Table



It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and opening into which bushings are fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly.

6. Rotary Table




6. Rotary Table




6. Rotary Table

375











The Rig Equipment responsible the movement of drilling fluid within the well as well as solids removal incurred by the drilling fluid.

Normally the circulation would start from the mud pits, down the drill stem, up the annulus and back to the mud pits.



Circulating component consist of the following:

1. Mud Pump

2. Pump Manifold

3. Standpipe

4. Swivel

5. Drillstring

6. Annulus

7. Return Line

8. Shale Shaker

9. Desander

10. Desilter

11. Degasser

12. Mud Pit



1. Mud Pump

A large, high-pressure reciprocating pump used to circulated the mud on a drilling rig.

A typical mud pump is a two cylinder, double acting or a three-cylinder, single acting piston pump whose pistons travel in replaceable liners and are driven by a crankshaft actuated by an engine or motor.



1. Mud Pump



1. Mud Pump

1. SUCTION TANK2. PREHYDRATION TANK3. CHARGING PUMP4. AGITATOR MOTORS5. MUD HOPPPER6. SUCTION LINE7. CHARGING PUMP (MP)8. MUD PUMP

9. VALVE AND PUMP PISTON10. MUD PUMP DISCHARGE MANIFOLD11. PRESSURE GAUGE12. PULSATION DAMPENER13. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE14. DISCHARGE LINE15. MUD PUMP ENGINE16. INTERMEDIATE TANK



2. Pump Manifold

An arrangement of piping and valves that receives drilling fluid from one or more mud pumps and transmit the drilling fluid to the succeeding circulating component.



2. Pump Manifold



3. Standpipe

The vertical pipe rising along the side of the Derrick or Mast, which joins mud pump manifold to the rotary hose.



7. Return Line

The passageway of the drilling fluid as it comes out of the well.


8. Shale Shaker

An equipment the uses a vibrating screen to remove cuttings from the circulating fluid in rotary drilling operations.

1. RETURN LINE

2. POSSUM BELLY

4. SHAKER SCREEN

3. ELECTRIC MOTOR


http://www.doublelifecorp.com/shakers.htm


8. Shale Shaker


Shale shakers are designed to handle 100-1600 gpm flowrate of mud and be able to remove cutting to size of 77 microns using a 200 mesh screen.



8. Shale Shaker


Shale shakers are designed to handle 100-1600 gpm flowrate of mud and be able to remove cutting to size of 77 microns using a 200 mesh screen.



9. Desander


A centrifugal device for removing sand from the drilling fluid to prevent abrasion of the pumps.


10. Desilter


Also a centrifugal device for removing free particles of silt from the drilling fluid to keep the amount of solids in the fluid at the lowest possible point.


11. Degasser



12. Mud Pit


A waste pit, usually an excavated earthen-walled pit.












The Rig Equipment responsible for preventing the build up of unwanted formation fluids that lead to Blowout.


Well Control component consist of the following:

1. Annular Blowout Preventer

2. Ram Blowout Preventer

3. Diverter

4. Drilling Spools

5. Manifold, Valves and Sensors

6. Accumulator

7. Inside BOP












Tubular are made of the following equipment:

1. Drill Pipe

2. Drill Collar

3. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe

4. Kelly

5. Subs



1. Drillpipe

These are heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and circulated the drilling fluid. Joints of pipe approximately 30 feet long are coupled together by means of tool joints.



1. Drillpipe

Basic Parts of a Drillpipe

SHOULDER SHOULDER

BOXPINNECK

NECK

TONG SPACE TONG SPACE

BODY


1. Drillpipe



1. Drillpipe




1. Drillpipe

TENSILE REQUIREMENTS

RANGE LENGHTS

TOLERANCES



1. Drillpipe

TOO

LJO

INT

INTE

RG

CH

AN

GE

AB

ILIT

Y C

HA

RT



1. Drillpipe

For other mechanical properties, please refer to available charts.



2. Drill Collar

The heavy, thick-walled tube steel, used between the drill pipe and the bit in the drill stem to provide pendulum effect to the drill stem and to provide weight on bit.



3. Heavy Weight Drillpipe

Similar in appearance to a drill pipe, HWDP has the following different dimensional characteristics; the tube wall is heavier about 1”thick in most sizes, the tool joints are longer, and the tube section has a larger diameter at mid length to protect the pipe from wear.

HWDP were developed for the following reasons; As a transition member to be run between drill collars and drill pipe, as a flexible weight member to run on directional drilling, as a weight member on small rigs, drilling small diameter holes.


3. Subs

A short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling string that cannot otherwise be screwed together because of difference in thread size or design. These consist of:

1. Bit Sub

2. Crossover Sub

3. Kelly Saver Sub

4. Lifting Sub

5. Bent Sub



3. Subs

A short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling string that cannot otherwise be screwed together because of difference in thread size or design.



3. Subs




3. Subs




Tubular Handling Equipment

Equipment used to move, make and break connection, suspend tubular on the rig. These include the following:


1. Elevator Links

2. Elevator

3. Lifting Subs

4. Lifting Plug

5. Tugger/Winch

6. Slips

7. Safety Clamp

8. Tongs

9. Kelly Spinner

10. Drillpipe Spinner

11. Iron Roughneck

12. Bit Breaker



1. Elevator Links

Equipment attached onto the Traveling Block in order to suspend the Elevators.



1. Elevator

Clamps that grip a stand of casing, tubing, drillpipe or drill collars so that the stand or joint can be raised from or lowered into the hole opening of the rotary table.

SIDE DOOR ELEVATOR CENTER LATCH ELEVATOR SINGLE JOINT ELEVATOR


1. Elevator



5. Tugger/Winch

A pneumatically operated drum with wire rope spooled onto it to move or lift heavy objects on the rig floor.



6. Slips

A wedge shape piece of metal with teeth or other gripping elements that are used to prevent pipe from slipping down into hole or to hold the pipe in place.


Drill Pipe Slips


6. Slips



Drill Collar Slips


6. Slips



Casing Slips


6. Slips




6. Safety Clamp

The are used on tubulars above the slips to prevent dropping the string should the slips fail to hold.


Safety Clamp


7. Safety Clamp

The are used on tubulars above the slips to prevent dropping the string should the slips fail to hold.



8. Tong

Large wrenches used to make or break out tubulars.


Make up Tong Breakout Tong


8. Tong



Making Connection


8. Tong


Breaking Connection



9. Kelly Spinner

A pneumatically operated device mounted on top of the kelly that when actuated causes the kelly to spin.

KELLY SPINNER



10. Drillpipe Spinner

A pneumatically operated device usually suspended on the rig floor used to make fast connections and spin off of drill pipeS.

DRILLPIPE SPINNER



11. Iron Roughneck

A pneumatically operated machine that replaces the functions performed by the Kelly Spinner, Drillpipe Spinner and Tongs.


IRON ROUGHNECK


12. Bit Breaker

A device that is placed on top of the rotary table to enable the bit to be made up to drill string.


BIT BREAKER









8. Bit


8. Bit

A variety of bits are available for drilling and sampling operation. The selection of bit is usually dependent on the formation which is to be drilled and the purpose of the borehole.

Bit

Fixed Cutter Bits Roller Cone Bits

Drill Bit Core Bit

Mat

eria

l

Natural Diamond Insert

PDC Insert

TSP

No. of Cones 2 3 4 6

Mat

eria

l

Steel Mill

Tungsten Carbide Inserts


8. Bit

SHORT PDC BIT MEDIUM PDC BIT LONG PDC BIT NATURAL DIAMOND BIT TSP BIT

8. Bit


8. Bit


CORE BIT

8. Bit


MILL TOOTH TRICONE BIT

TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT TRICONE BIT









8. Bit

9. Fishing Tools


9. Fishing Tools

The Rig Equipment used for the purpose of retrieving from the wellbore sections of pipe, casing or other items which may have become stuck or inadvertently dropped in the hole. These are the following:

1. Overshot

2. Taper Tap

3. Grapple Spear

4. Junk Basket

5. Fishing Magnet

6. Wireline Spear

7. Junk Mill

8. Casing Scraper


9. Fishing Tools

1. Overshot

Overshot is an external catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular items from the well bore.

SPIRAL GRAPPLE OVERSHOT

BASKET GRAPPLE OVERSHOT


9. Fishing Tools

2. Taper Tap

Is an internal catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular members from the wellbore. The wicker thread are allowed to be embedded into the interior of the fish.

Taper Tap


9. Fishing Tools

3. Grapple Spear

Is also an internal catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular members from the wellbore.

The grapple spear is run in and positioned inside the fish. Rotating the Grapple Spear one turn to the left will engaged the grapple and caused tapers on the mandrel to expand the grapple and bite into the fish.


9. Fishing Tools

4. Junk Basket

Is a junk retrieval tool designed to remove all type of objects from the bottom of the well. Such items as slip, hand tools, bit cones and any other pieces of junk in the well.

This junk basket utilises reverse circulation combined with coring operations of up to 20” of core.

With direct circulation the coring action on the junk proceeds until 24 inch core is cut. The finger on the upper catcher break the core when an upward strain is applied.


9. Fishing Tools

5. Fishing Magnet

Is a junk retrieval tool designed to effectively remove metal particles, shavings and debris from the bottom of the wellbore.

The assembly is run in the hole and hold 6 to 12 inches above the fish. Circulate generously to wash away cuttings. Reduce circulation, lower the magnet to the fish and rotate slightly to obtain good contact. Cut off circulation and pull out of hole.


9. Fishing Tools

6. Wireline Spear

Is a junk retrieval tool designed to retrieve wireline and wire rope from the wellbore.

The spear is made up and run in hole , upon reaching the wire to be retrieved the spear is lowered slowly allowing the barbs to engage the wire. The spear is then lifted out of the hole.


9. Fishing Tools

7. Junk Mill

Are designed to mill fish such as packers, squeeze tools, perforating guns, drill pipe, tool joints, reamer, reamer blades and rock bits.

9. Fishing Tools

8. Casing Scraper

Is designed to remove scale, mud cake, cement sheath, embedded bullets, and other foreign materials inside the casing wall.

CROWN BLOCK

MAST

CATLINE BOOM MONKEY BOARD

STAND PIPE

TUBING BOARD

CATWALK

PIPE RACK

DRILL PIPE

HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT

JUNK BIN

ACCUMULATOR

DRILLING LINE SPOOL

WAREHOUSE

CABLE TRAY

WATER TANK

MUD SACK STORAGE

PUMPS AND HOPPER

MUD PUMP

MUD TANKS

FLARE LINE

DOG HOUSE

GENERATORS TYPICAL LAND RIG

TRAVELING BLOCK

TOP DRIVE

DRILLING LINE

DRAWWORKS

ROTARY HOSE

SHALE SHAKERMUD CLEANER

DEGASSER

AGITATOR

MUD GUNTRIP TANK

DRILLER’S CONSOLE

PIPE SETBACK AREA

ROTARY TABLE

RIG FLOOR

SUBSTRUCTURE

BLOWOUT PREVENTER

PIPE RAMP CHOKE MANIFOLD

CUTTINGS CONVEYOR

Line Organization of the Rig Crew

Area Manager

Rig Manager

Toolpusher

Materials Man

Driller

Asst. Driller

Derrickman

Roughneck

Roustabout

Maintenance Engineer

Rig Mechanic

Welder

Pipe Fitter

Crane Optr.

Rigger

Electrician

Motorman Pump Tender

Driver

Helper

Warehouseman

Safety & Training Specialist

Drilling Superintendent

Job Description of Key Rig Personnel

Rig Manager

•Responsible in administering and implementing the Operator’s and Drilling Contractor’s guidelines and regulation.

•Carries out daily onsite supervision to ensure that Rig Operation meet Operator’s expectation and safety regulation.

•Responsible in implementing extensive job and safety training.

•Responsible in administering and implementing the Operator’s and Drilling Contractor’s guidelines and regulation.

•Ensure the integrity of all oilfield equipment, maintaining visual aspects of oilfield site; promote cleanliness and enhancing the safety of the crew.


Toolpusher

•Responsible for the supervision of the Rig Operation and maintain drilling equipment to the highest standard of efficiency.

•Interface and coordinate with the Drilling Superintendent, Area Manager, Rig Manager, Service Man and other key personnel for Drilling Program Implementation and Modification, Supplies, Crew Schedule and changes.

•Performs inspection, periodical inventories and scheduling of material and equipment consumption and deliveries as well as backloading if applicable.


Driller

•Responsible for the manipulation and supervision of the Rig and all the in line equipment and sensors as well as proper top out (fill up) and control of the bore hole to maintain the parameters required by the Operator.

•To record important dimension and implementing safety programs on various operational modes (Rig setting, skidding, drilling, tripping, fishing, well completion, well flow and pressure testing etc.) in conformity with the specification and regulation imposed by authorities.

•To evaluate tour sheet, personnel and safety progress so as to recommend contingent action at certain level of operation to meet the standard in all occasion of the drilling program.

•Responsible for the Rig-Up and Rig Down of the Drilling Contractor equipment .


Assistant Driller

•Responsible for the preparation, strapping (measurement), inspection and proper storage of BOP, BHA and other drilling components and consumables throughout the cycle of operation.

•Responsible for the line up of valves on all manifolds or lines and for random and periodical checkup as well as serving of all equipment and assemblies in the system.

•Prepare tour sheet and kill sheet, check and lead work force and held lecture during safety meeting.

•To secure all equipment from Mast, Rig Floor, Substructure to main and cellar deck during Rig Mobilization.


Derrickman

•Responsible for the “Monkey Board” on trips and other Derrick itineraries.

•Maintains Mud Pumps, Mud Control Devices, Flow line and its accessories.

•Maintain Mud Volume and mud Properties and directed by the Mud engineer.

•Prepare report on mixed mud and equipment Performance such as pumps, agitators and sensors.

•Assist roughneck at the floor, cellar deck and anywhere needed.

•Housekeeping job on pump room, pit room etc.


Roughneck

•Responsible for the positioning of slips, tongs, spinner, elevator and other rig equipment as directed by the Driller, Assistant Driller and other ranking personnel.

•To operated tuggers for lifting and lowering equipment and materials from the pipe rack to the rig floor.

•Assist serviceman to the Rig-Up and Rig-Down of their equipment.

•Perform housekeeping jobs and servicing equipment.

•To watch the shaker and other solid control equipment during circulation and drilling.

•Assist Derrickman in some derrick itineraries.

Rig Operation TerminologiesBreaking Down

Unscrewing the drill stem into single joints and placing them on the pipe rack. This operation takes place at the completion of the well when the drill pipe will no longer be used or when changing from one size of drill pipe to another.

Break out

To unscrew a section of the pipe to another.

Make a Connection

To attach a joint of drill pipe onto the drill stem suspended in the wellbore to permit deepening the wellbore by the length of joint added usually 30 feet.

Make Hole

To deepen the hole made by the bit.

Nipple Up

To assemble the Blowout Preventer Stack on the well head at the surface.

Plug and Abandon

To place cement plugs into the dryhole and abandon it.

Rig Operation TerminologiesRacking Pipe

The act of placing the stands of pipe in orderly arrangement in the derrick after hoisting pipe from the wellbore.

Reverse Circulation

The course of drilling fluid downward through the annulus and upward through the drillstem, in contrast to normal circulation.

Rig Up

To prepare the drilling rig for making hole, that is, to install tools and machinery before drilling is started.

Run In

To go into the hole with tubing, drillpipe, and so forth

Slug the Pipe

Pumping into the top of the drill stem a quantity of heavy mud which will cause the level of the fluid in the drill stem to fall as the drill stem is hoisted.

Spud In

To begin drilling a well, to start the hole.

Rig Operation TerminologiesStab

To guide the end of the pipe into a coupling or tool joint when making up a connection.

Tearing Down

The act of dismantling the rig at the completion of the well and preparing it moving to the next location.

Engineering

(2) drilling rig operations & a to z rotary drilling rig components