Phrase-a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject

Verb Phrase: have been sleeping [no subject] Prepositional Phrase: during the afternoon [no subject or verb] Infinitive Phrase: to snore loudly [no subject or verb]

Verb Phrase-consists of a main verb and at least one helping verb (auxiliary verb)

Examples-Woodstock will fly to Charlie Brown’s house. Have you ever read the Sunday comics? Snoopy should have been playing.

Introduction to Phrases

C0mmon Helping Verbs

Forms of Be

amarebe

beenbeingis

waswere

Forms of Have

had has have

Forms of Do

do does did

Modals cancouldmay

mightmustshall

shouldwill would

Write two sentences using verb phrases about the image below.

Application

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

Where is Snoopy?

Answer the above question three different ways.Use a prepositional phrase each time and underline it.

Prepositional Phrases

On the roof, Snoopy daydreams.

Snoopy is above his doghouse.

Snoopy naps outside his home.

A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object

Examples: Did Lucy remember Charlie Brown’s plans for the party? According to Linus, all the kids are planning to play baseball at the field.

Prepositional Phrases

aboutbelowfor outside unto above beneath from over up across beside(s) in past upon after between insidesince with against beyond into through within along but like throughout with among by near to without around concerning of toward at down off under before during on underneath behind except out until

Common Prepositions

Compound Preposition-preposition that consists of two or more wordsExamples-She has been accepted by several private colleges in addition to both state universities.As of today, she hasn’t made her final choice.

Commonly Used Prepositions-according to -by means of -instead of-along with -in addition to -next to-apart from -in front of -on account of-as of -in place of -out of-because of -in spite of

Compound Prepositions

Be careful not to confuse a prepositional phrase beginning with to with an infinitive phrase beginning with to. Remember a preposition always has a noun or pronoun as an object. An infinitive is a verb form, usually preceded by to, that is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive and any modifiers and complement.

Infinitive Phrase or Prepositional Phrase?1) To leave now would be rude.2) Snoopy whispered his idea to Woodstock.3) Her goal is to win.4) Sally wanted to hug Linus.5) He is eager to give her the valentine.6) Lucy raced to the school bus.

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Prepositional Phrase or Infinitive?

Do not mistake an object of the preposition to or for for an indirect object.

Object of Preposition: My grandmother wrote a letter to me.

Indirect Object My grandmother wrote me a letter.

S V IO DO vs. S V DO with a prepositional phrase

The object of a preposition is a noun, a pronoun, or a word group that functions as a noun; in most cases it follows a preposition. Together, the preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the object makes a prepositional phrase.

Examples: Did you see Marcie at the last game? The line starts behind him. They played a new song by Schroder’s band.

Object of the Preposition

The personal pronouns in the objective case—me, you, him, her, it, us, and them---are used as direct objects, as indirect objects, and as objects of prepositions.

Examples: She gave the valentine to him. Peppermint Patty went to the movies with me. Snoopy laughed at them.

Object Pronouns

Prepositions always have objects; adverbs don’t.

Prepositions The ball flew through the net. We play behind the school.

Adverbs Leave your worries behind when you go on vacation. We were waved right through.

Preposition or Adverb?

Label each underlined word preposition (P) or adverb (A).

1. Have you ever seen a live college basketball game before?2. A sign outside the arena said my two favorite teams were playing inside.3. Come along; let’s get to our seats before the game.4. The teams came out to warm up before the game.5. Two aggressive players fouled each other throughout.6. At half time, one team was ahead by eight points.7. A player threw the ball in from the sideline.8. We walked around during halftime.9. After the game, the winners were given the championship trophy inside the locker room.10. Despite losing in the playoffs, that team had a winning record for the season.

Preposition or Adverb? Practice

Write 5 sentences using adverbs and 5 sentences using prepositional phrases. You should have ten sentences.

Label the object of the preposition in each prepositional phrase.

Example: My Language Arts class was hungry for lunch.

More Practice