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Introduction to Nanophysics - A
Pavlo Mikheenko
http://tid.uio.no/~pavlom/Introduction/ListPublications.pdf
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
New mechanism of penetration of vortices into current-saturated superconducting
Films Yu. M. lvanchenko and P. N. Mikheenko
Physicotechnical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Donetsk
Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 85,2116-2127 (1983)
http://tid.uio.no/~pavlom/Introduction/JETP83.pdf
Internal penetration of vortices into superconducting film
NbN, width 3 mm, thickness 170 nm MgB2, width 5 mm thickness 3000 nm T = 3.7 K
Physiological effects of CO2 at various concentrations
by volume
0.03% Nothing happens, it is the normal carbon dioxide concentration in air.
0.5% Lung ventilation increases by 5 percent, maximum safe working level.
1.0% Feeling hot and clammy, lack of attention to details, fatigue, anxiety, clumsiness and
loss of energy, ‘jelly’ legs.
2.0% Lung ventilation increases by 50 percent, headache, loss of energy, feeling run-
down. It may take up to several days for the body to return to normal.
3.0% Lung ventilation increases by 100 percent, panting, headache, dizziness and
possible vision disturbance such as speckled stars.
5 - 10% Violent panting, fatigue to the point of exhaustion, severe headache, irreversible
effects to health. Possible unconsciousness and death.
10 - 15% Intolerable panting, severe headaches and rapid exhaustion. Unconsciousness and
suffocation without warning. A burning paraffin candle is extinguished.
25% to 30% Coma and convulsions within one minute of exposure. Certain death.
Sensor device - timeline
• Development of columnar growth technique for superconducting
materials (YBa2Cu3Ox, GdBa2Cu3Ox) 2007-2008
• Applications of columnar growth technique for superconducting
coated conductors 2007-2010
• Extension to functional oxides 2009-2010
• Extension to conductive transparent superconductors 2010
• Invention of device 2010
• Experiments with sensor 2010-2011
Three-dimensional
AFM image of Au
nanoparticles on
STO substrate
deposited with 25
laser pulses at 780
°C.
The height of the
pixels is scaled
with the planar
sizes in the plot.
2D self-assembly of nanoparticles
Surface morphology of YBCO film on Ag-decorated MgO substrate
SEM image of the
surface of YBCO film
grown on Au-
decorated substrate.
The inset shows AFM
image of the surface
of Ag-decorated MgO
substrate similar to
that on which YBCO
film was grown.
Cross-sectional AFM images of YBCO
Cross-sectional AFM images of a cleaved YBCO
film on STO substrate decorated with Ag
nanoparticles. The vertical YBCO columns of a
diameter of about 20 nm are seen in the film.
YBCO columns in an Au-decorated
sample. The diameter of the columns is
larger than in the films on Ag-decorated
substrates on the right.
YBCO
YBCO
STO
Au Ag
STO
Columnar structure of YBCO on 2D array of nanoparticles
TEM image of a
cross-sectional area
inside YBCO film
grown on substrate
decorated with Ag
nano-particles. A
regular nanometer-
scale columnar
structure is seen in
the image.
Surface morphology of YBCO film on Ag-decorated MgO substrate
SEM image of the
etched YBCO film
shown in previous slide.
The etching took place
along the extended
defects in the film and
the detached in the
areas close to the pores
YBCO nanocolumns
are seen spread along
the surface of the film.
Published papers on columnar growth technique in superconducting materials
1. P. Mikheenko, V-S. Dang, A. Sarkar, J. S. Abell and A. Crisan, Integrated pinning
centers in YBa2Cu3Ox thick films on single-crystalline and textured metal substrates,
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 286 012015 (2011).
2. P. Mikheenko , V-S Dang , Y Y Tse , M M Awang Kechik , P Paturi , H Huhtinen , Y
Wang , A Sarkar , J S Abell and A Crisan, Integrated nanotechnology of pinning
centers in YBa2Cu3Ox films, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23 125007 (2010) doi:
10.1088/0953-2048/23/12/125007.
3. P. Mikheenko, J. S. Abell, A. Sarkar, V-S. Dang, M.M. Awang Kechik, J.L. Tanner, P.
Paturi, H. Huhtinen, N. Hari Babu, D. A. Cardwell, and A. Crisan, Nano techniques for
enhancing critical current in superconducting YBCO films, J. Supercond. Nov. Magn.,
DOI: 10.1007/s10948-010-0861-2 (2010).
4. P. Mikheenko , J. S. Abell, A. Sarkar, V.S. Dang, M.M. Awang Kechik, J.L. Tanner, P.
Paturi, H. Huhtinen, N. Hari Babu, D. A. Cardwell, and A. Crisan, Self-assembled
artificial pinning centers in thick YBCO superconducting films, Journal of Physics:
Conference Series 234 022022 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/234/2/022022 (2010)
5. P. Mikheenko, J.L. Tanner, J. Bowen, A. Sarkar, V.-S. Dang, J.S. Abell and A. Crisan,
Nanodots induced columnar growth of YBa2Cu3Ox films, Physica C, 470 S234-S236
(2010).
Semiconducting sensor device: structure
Semiconducting sensor device: structure
CO2 sensor device
CO2 sensor device: experimental set-up
CO2 sensor device: experiment
CO2 sensor device: erasing signal
CO2 sensor device: experiment
0 400 8000
3000
6000
Flame is off
R (
Oh
m)
t (s)
T = 296 K
LIGHT IS ONFlame is off
Cover is open
CO2 sensor device: reproducibility
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Cover is open
R (
Oh
m)
t (s)
T = 296 K
LIGHT
CO2 sensor device: calibration
0.1 1 10 100
1
10
R/R
0 (
arb
. u
nits)
CO2 (%)
Sensor device: main features and applications
• Specific deposition technique that uses several know-how’s
• Unique approach based on large number (~10,000,000,000) of identical
columns
• Cheap and simple device that can easily be adapted for mobile phones
• Express monitoring for health applications including personal check of
CO2 level in exhaled air, level CO2 in premises, environment, car
exhausts etc.
• Can substitute conventional fire detectors
• Versatile device: by varying additions to the deposited material can be
made sensitive to specific gases. Sets of films could be sold
Penetration of magnetic flux in YBCO/PrBCO superlattices
YBa2Cu3Ox/ PrBa2Cu3Ox, width 5 mm
thickness ~2000 nm
YBCO/PrBCO superlattices: resonances due to interaction with indicator film
YBa2Cu3Ox/ PrBa2Cu3Ox, width 5 mm thickness ~2000 nm
Surface SEM image of YBCO/PrBCO superlattice
YBa2Cu3Ox/ PrBa2Cu3Ox, thickness ~2000 nm By Thomas Qureishy
A bacterial cell:
the Nanofactory
Pd(II)
Pd(0)
H2
H2 2H+
+ 2e-
Hydrogenase
Pd(II) + 2e-
Pd(0) 500 nm
Schematic representation of hidrogenase action
e-
Electron
acceptor
site
e- e- e-
H+
H+
Proton
channel
Hydrogen
channel
H2 H2
H2
H+
Site of initial Pd+2 reduction
Bio-Pd nanocrystals
X-ray diffraction:
average size of nanocrystals -14.7 nm
-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Pd
AprimeClH
10 Km (
10
-4 e
mu
)
H (Oe)
H (Oe)
-20000 -10000 0 10000 20000
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
m (
10
-4 e
mu
)
H (Oe)
Pd crystals in the Bio-Pd powder with large ferromagnetic component
Pd crystals in the Bio-Pd powder with small ferromagnetic component
-20000 -10000 0 10000 20000
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
AprimeClH
M(10
-4
emu)
H (Oe)
m(1
0-4
em
u)
Bio-Pd nanocrystals
Characterisation – HRTEM
(Bio-Pd D. desulfuricans 5%)
Fast Fourier transformation + analysis of reflexes
Particles have fcc crystal structure.
Values for the (111) and (200) planes and angles show distortion of up to 10% compared to the theoretical values for bulk palladium.
Analysed particles are probably icosahedral.
HRTEM courtesy of Yu Chen, Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, University of Birmingham
FFT and analysis courtesy of J. Thomas, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden
Bio-Pd nanocrystals: XMSD
Bio-Pd nanocrystals: muon
scattering
Bio-Pd nanocrystals: muon
scattering
Introduction 33
a) Use internet, find an example of recent mesoscopic device or nano-
applications that seem interesting for you or give an example from your
current activity. Explain what mesoscopic conditions, as on page 23 in
Thomas Heinzel’s book ‘Mesoscopic Electronics in Solid State
Nanostructures, Second Edition, 2007 (TH)’ (page in pdf) or different
mesoscopic condition, it satisfies. Prepare couple of ppt or pdf slides to
illustrate this.
Home activity for Wed. 18 January and later
Home activity for Wed. 25 January a) Read: TH, Ch 1 (pp 20-33) and Ch 5 (pp 158-165) (pages in pdf), try to
understand it, collect problems in understanding to discuss them together on
Practical.
b) Do Exercises E5.1 and E5.2 in TH, Ch 5 (p 165). It would be good if you
could explain them in detail to other students and lecturer.