IBR-2 reactor for nanophysics and applied researchtheor.jinr.ru/meetings/2009/rt/talks/Belushkin.pdf · IBR-2 reactor for nanophysics and applied research ... packing under osmotic

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

IBRIBR--2 reactor for nanophysics and 2 reactor for nanophysics and applied researchapplied research

A.V.BelushkinA.V.Belushkin

Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, DubnaDubna, , RussiaRussia


IBRIBR--2 2 –– fast pulsing reactor. fast pulsing reactor. Included in 20Included in 20--years strategic research program with neutrons in Europeyears strategic research program with neutrons in Europe

Source: IAEASource: IAEA--TECDOCTECDOC--1439, February 20051439, February 2005

moderator

active core

movable reflector

IBR-2

powerpulses


IBRIBR--2 Reactor Spectrometers Complex 2 Reactor Spectrometers Complex –– the main JINR basic the main JINR basic facility for condensed matter physics research with neutronsfacility for condensed matter physics research with neutrons

10 available neutron spectrometers - DN-2, HRFD, DN-12, YuMO, REMUR, REFLEX, SKAT, EPSILON, NERA-PR, DIN-2PI

3 new spectrometers projects under realization – DN-6, GRAINS, FSD

Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchREMUR – reflectometer with

polarized neutrons

HRFD – high resolution Fourier diffractometerYuMO – small angle scattering

spectrometer

DN-12 – diffractometer for studies of microsamples under extreme conditions


Epsilon-MDS and SKAT diffractometers complex for studies of geological materials


PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF RESEARCHPRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF RESEARCH

•Physics of Nanosystems

•Structure and Dynamics of Functional Materials

•Complex Liquids and Polymers

•Molecular Biology and Pharmacology

•Structure of rocks and minerals

•Neutron Nanodiagnostics

Fe(3-5 нм)

Сr(1-2 нм)


Qz

Qx

GISANSGISANS

ReflectometryReflectometry

experimentexperiment

model calculationsmodel calculationsOff-specularscattering

Principle scheme of the experiment Principle scheme of the experiment using neutron reflectionusing neutron reflection


Studies of magnetic nanostructures by polarized neutron Studies of magnetic nanostructures by polarized neutron reflectometryreflectometry

b) Dilute magnetic semi-conductors as spin-injectors in semiconductor heterostructures

c) Laterally patterned magnetic films

d) Ferromagnetic films on antiferro-magnetic substrates with exchange bias through common interfaces e) Spring magnets consisting of a top soft magnetic layer exchange coupled to a magnetically hard layer.

a) Exchange coupled superlattice with anti-ferromagnetic ordering (e.g. GMR and TMR systems)

A commercial IBM giant A commercial IBM giant magnetoresistancemagnetoresistance read read headhead


Neutron wavelength, Å

αf, rad

Found magnetic structure as a function of Found magnetic structure as a function of depth. Twisted canted states in exchangedepth. Twisted canted states in exchange--coupled coupled multilayersmultilayers are induced by a magnetic are induced by a magnetic field applied.field applied.

Magnetic offMagnetic off--specularspecular reflection of polarized neutrons from reflection of polarized neutrons from multilayersmultilayers Cr/FeCr/Fe

qx

FeCr

kikf

qzpipf

αi αf

q

TU Muenchen (Germany), ILL (France), PNPI RAS (Russia), FLNP-JINR

Scheme of Scheme of experimentexperiment

Scattering pattern from sampleScattering pattern from sample[[5757Fe(67Fe(67ÅÅ))/Cr(9/Cr(9ÅÅ))]]1212/Al/Al22OO33, H=200 , H=200 OeOe


YuMOYuMO –– smallsmall--angle scattering spectrometer at IBRangle scattering spectrometer at IBR--22


The study of structure aspects of optical properties The study of structure aspects of optical properties in the in the nanosystemnanosystem GeOGeO22--EuEu22OO33--AgAg

0.01 0.1 0.01 0.1

To=350 oC

To=800 oC

To=350 oC

95GeO2-5Eu2O3

To=800 oC

q, Χ -1

94,9GeO2-5Eu2O3-0,1Ag

0 50 100 1500.0

3.0x10-4

6.0x10-4

9.0x10-4

1.2x10-3

1.5x10-3

94,9GeO2-5Eu2O3-0,1Ag

95GeO2-5Eu2O3

Тo=550 0С

r, Χ

p(r)

, arb

.uni

ts

Silver doping effectSilver doping effect

XX--Ray Ray diffractiondiffraction

Small angle Small angle neutron scattering neutron scattering

The breakage of clusters The breakage of clusters because of the formation of because of the formation of EuEu--

OO--Ag bonds. Ag bonds.

Increasing of luminescence intensity

~1000 ~1000 times

Experimental Experimental methodsmethods

Crystal Crystal structurestructure

NanostructureNanostructure

AgAgdopingdoping

An increase in the intensity of luminescence An increase in the intensity of luminescence excitation lines excitation lines 77FF00 →→ 55LL66 and and 77FF00 →→ 55HH66 of Euof Eu3+3+


Magnetic fluids for brain cancer treatment:Magnetic fluids for brain cancer treatment:magnetite in water with double layers of magnetite in water with double layers of myristicmyristic (MA) and (MA) and lauriclauric (LA) acids(LA) acids

MA+MA

LA+LA

0.1 11E-4

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

I, cm

-1

q, nm-1

OA + OAMA + MALA + LA

Electron microscopy

Small-angle neutron scattering

Penetrationinto cells

MA+MA

LA+LA

SANS curves

0 5 10 15 20 250.00

0.01

0.02

LA+LA

OA+OA

MA+MA

DV

R, nm

Particle sizedistributions

20 nm

20 nm


Aggregate structure in liquid dispersions of Aggregate structure in liquid dispersions of detonation detonation ultrananocrystallineultrananocrystalline diamond (DUNCD)diamond (DUNCD)

M.V.Avdeev, N.N.Rozhkova, V.L.Aksenov, V.M.Garamus, R.Willumeit, E.Osawa, J. Phys. Chem. C 113 (2009) 9473–9479.

I – initial powder, diamond crystallites (size ~6 nm) in non-diamond porous matrix

II – liquid (water) dispersion of diamond crystallittesafter wet milling procedure (C ~ 1 wt. %)

III – growth of the new branched clusters (size > 40 nm, D ~ 2.3)

IV – dispersion after concentrating (C ~ 10 wt. %) with interpenetrating aggregates

100 nm

0.1 10.1

1

10

100

DUNCD in DMSO

DUNCD in H2O

I(q)/c

, cm

-1

q, nm-1

10 wt. % 5 wt. % 2 wt % 0.5 wt. %

(a)

SANS curves for different nanodiamond dispersions showing that the correlation length becomes less than the cluster size when

concentrating the systems (cluster interpenetration).

~q-2.3


0.01 0.1

0.1

1

10

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0550 Å-1

0.0276 Å-1

Iexp

- (a

+aqc )

q, Å-1

Inte

nsity

, cm

-1

q, Å-1

A

d0.01 0.1

0.1

1

10

0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.0464 Å-1

0.0266 Å-1

I exp

- (a

qc +b

)

q, Å-1

Inte

nsity

, cm

-1

q, Å-1

B

Lamellar packing

Hexagonal packing

220 Å

a = 250 Å

Heart mitochondria

Modification of the mitochondria packing under osmotic pressure

3D structures inside mitochondria 3D structures inside mitochondria


MEDICINEMEDICINE

FARMACOLOGYFARMACOLOGY

BIOLOGYBIOLOGY

PHOTOCHEMISTRYPHOTOCHEMISTRY

0.01 0.11E-3

0.01

0.1

1

10G9Bu in solvents (wt/wt % C6D6/C6H6)

100 / 75 75 / 25 50 / 50 25 / 75 0 / 100

Inte

nsity

, cm

-1

Q, A-1

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025Distance distribution functions p(R)line solvent (wt/wt % C

6D

6/C

6H

6)

100 / 75 75 / 25 50 / 50 25 / 75 0 / 100

p(R

), ar

bita

ryty

uni

ts

R, Angstrom

0 2 4 6-1

0

1

2

3

4 ( )0I nV ρ= Δ

Zero

inte

nsity

1/2 , A

-2

scattering length density ρ, × 1010 cm2

match point -0.040 (± 0.015) × 1010 cm-1

partial volume 3.6 (± 0.05) × 105 A3


Surfactant Aggregation in Solutions Applied for Track EtchingSurfactant Aggregation in Solutions Applied for Track Etchingand Its Possible Effect on the Pore Shape in Track Membranesand Its Possible Effect on the Pore Shape in Track Membranes

Exemplification of the pore shapes in TMs obtained by the etching under different conditions of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films irradiated by a parallel beam of accelerated krypton ions : (a) etching with 2M NaOH at 80°C in the absence of surfactants, (b) 6 M NaOH, 70°C, DBA-Na, and (c) 3 M NaOH, 80°C, DSBS-Na; film thickness is 5μm.

Small-angle neutron scattering curves normalized with respect to surfactant concentration for (1) NBDEO +1 M KCl, (2) NBDEO + 1 M NaOH, and (3) NBDEO samples.

Geometric parameters of NBDEO micelles in the presence of KCl as determined by fitting the experimental data to model cylinders

Layout of pore formation in an ion-irradiated polymer film etched with a surfactant-containing etching solution: (a) with no regard to micelles and (b) with regard to the size and shape of micelles. Both sides of the film are in contact with the solution.


Proton exchange membrane

Hydrogen storage and fuel cell materialsHydrogen storage and fuel cell materials

Atomic structure of the hydrogen storage material Li2BeD4, determined by

neutron diffraction at IBR-2 reactor (HRFD diffractometer


Solid state chemistrySolid state chemistry

Solid state transformation on heating in complex ferrite

CuLi0.1V0.1Fe1.8O4, visualized by real time neutron

diffraction at IBR-2 reactor

Time scale / temperature scale: T = 400 K→ 800 K → 400 K. Heating/cooling with ≈1 grad/min. Cubic structural phase (Fd3m) transforms into tetragonal phase (I41/adm) and back.

Cubic phase of CuLi0.1V0.1Fe1.8O4


Engineering diagnosticsEngineering diagnostics

2.15 2.1 55 2.16 2.165 2.170

5

1

5

2

5

2.1 752.1 5 d0 d10, d15, d20, d,d, A2.15 2.1 55 2.16 2.165 2.170

5

1

5

2

5

2.1 752.1 5 d0 d10, d15, d20, d,d, A

Neutron diffraction pNeutron diffraction peakeakshift due to residual stressshift due to residual stress

The

layo

ut o

f exp

erim

ent

The

layo

ut o

f exp

erim

ent

Equipment for mining industryEquipment for mining industry

The measured residual stress distribution in the sample The measured residual stress distribution in the sample along radial coordinate along radial coordinate x.x.

Sample 1 Sample 2

“…On basis of these results ПП80НВ.00.006 type strikermade of 20X2H4A steel with surface cementation treatment was implemented in ПП80НВ perforator’s production.Application of this steel provide 2.5 times gain in mean time tofailure: for 65C2BA steel mean time to failure is about 40 hours while for 20X2H4A steel this value was increased up to 100 hours.”

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 20

Residual stress study in VVER-1000 reactor vessel

1. FEM calculation:Model 1: σy, σz

Model 2: σy

2. Austenite phase: σx, σy, σz

3. Ferrite phase: σy

0 10 20 30 40 50-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

Ferrite

Aus

teni

te

inte

rpha

se b

ound

ary

at X

=8 m

m

Stre

ss, M

Pa

X, mm

8

100

43

Линия отреза

Линия отреза

Cut line

Cut

line

Virgin sample - part of the VVER-1000 reactor vessel.

Residual strain measurement layout.

0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.00

100200300400500600700800900

100011001200130014001500160017001800

(331

)

(311

)

(400

)

(220

)

(200

)

(222

)

(111

)

Inte

nsity

d, Å

VVR293: εy - component VVR299: εz - component VVR305: εx - component VVR310: a0 - sample

Typical neutron diffraction spectra.

Residual stress vs. X coordinate: FEM calculations in comparison with neutron data.

Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant with VVER-1000 type reactor. VVER-1000 is a 1000

MW Russian nuclear power reactor of PWR type.


Piezoelectric textures of polycrystalline quartz allow to use the electrical methods of geophysical prospecting of quartz reef, containing gold, non-ferrous metals, single-crystalline piezo-optical raw

t i l

Quantitative texture analysis of minerals using neutron diffractionQuantitative texture analysis of

minerals using neutron diffraction

To ensure the ecological safety of nuclear waste deposits it is necessary to take into account the anisotropy of physical properties of host rock.

Information about lattice preferred orientation allows to calculate the elastic anisotropy of rocks for interpretation of seismic data.

SiO2


RBMK reactor scheme(Wiki)

Single crystalline elastic properties:

Orientation distribution function (ODF) of graphite grains

Calculation of polycrystalline properties

GR-280 (moderator blocks)

Texture and elastic properties of reactor graphite GR-280

Neutron diffraction measurements

Extrusion direction of the graphite block Influence of pores and cracks (via ultrasonic

experiments at different pressures)


• Biomonitoring of atmosphericdeposition of heavy metals and otherelements (Project REGATA)

• Control of quality and safety of foodstuffs, grown in industrially contaminated areas of RF andSouth Africa (grant of SA)

• Assessment of different ecosystems and their impact on human health

• Biotechnologies: development of new pharmaceuticals and cleaning the environemntfrom toxic elements (biosorption)

• NAA for the technological process of synthesisof diamonds and NB (boron nitride)

• Analysis of archeological and museum objectsfrom Russian and other countries

• NAA for decommissioning of Nuclear PowerPlants and utulization of industrial wastes

.

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT IBRANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT IBR--2M REACTOR2M REACTOR

Instrumental

neutron activation analysis

INAA

Cyclicneutron activation

analysisCNAA

Epithermalneutron activation

analysis

ENAA

Life Sciences Material Science


UNECEUNECE

ААtlastlas of Heavy Metal of Heavy Metal Atmospheric Deposition in Atmospheric Deposition in Europe Europe –– assessment based assessment based

on moss analysison moss analysis

Countries collaborating with FLNP in the Countries collaborating with FLNP in the field of field of biomonitoringbiomonitoring

NAA for Environmental StudiesNAA for Environmental Studies


20002000/2001/2001RussiaRussia

PolandPoland

SlovakiaSlovakia

UkraineUkraine

RomaniaRomania

SerbiaSerbia

BosniaBosnia

BulgariaBulgaria

MacedoniaMacedonia2005/2006 +Croatia, Belarus and Croatia, Belarus and UdmurtiaUdmurtia (RF)(RF)


< 3

3 - 6

6 - 9

9 - 1 2

1 2 - 1 5

1 5 - 2 0

2 0 - 2 5

2 5 - 3 0

> 3 0

V Content[ mg/kg ]

< 2

2 - 4

4 - 6

6 - 8

8 - 1 0

1 0 - 1 2

1 2 - 1 4

1 4 - 1 6

> 1 6

Ni Content[ mg/kg ]

Croatia

Dr. Stefano LoppiDepartment of Environmental Science "G. Sarfatti"University of SienaVia PA Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, ItalyTel +39 0577 232869Fax +39 0577 232896Email [email protected]

Croatia


2nd International School on the Characterization of Organic Residues in Archaeological Materials (2nd ISCORAM)Certosa di Pontignano ( Siena, Italy, June 14-18, 2010.)

http://www.unisi.it/servizi/certosa/

NAA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES NAA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES IN CERAMICS DATED FROM NEOLITHIC AGE IN CERAMICS DATED FROM NEOLITHIC AGE

Mazurkevich A.N.1, Frontasyeva M. V.2, Kul’kova M.A.1, Dolbunova Ye.B. 1 , Strelkova L.P.2

1The State Hermitage Museum, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation2Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation

Determined: Na, Mg, Al, S, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Th, U

NAA for ArchaeologyNAA for Archaeology


Development of new Se-, I- и Cr-containing pharmaceuticals based on blue-green micro-alga Spirulina Platensis (2 patents of Russian Federation)

Cleaning of the environemnt from toxic elements (Сr, Hg, U etc.) by means of microorganisms (Spirulina Platensis, Arthrobacter oxidans etc.)

Development of methods for bacterial leaching of metals from low-grade ores and waste

A. oxydans: control А. oxidans under impactof 1000 mg/l of Cr(VI)

NAA for BiotechnologyNAA for Biotechnology


Development of metallic nanoparticles using biotechnology Development of metallic nanoparticles using biotechnology based onbased on extremophilic microorganismsextremophilic microorganisms

An overall objective is to develop the scientific and technological base for utilizing microorganisms to synthesize nanoparticles with the desired characteristics, in particular, to study biosynthesis of metallic (Ag, Au) and metal oxide (TiO2) and other semiconductor nanoparticles (CdS, CdSe) by a variety of microbes, and to ultimately use this knowledge to develop new methods of large-scale nanoparticle production.

Specific objectives are:Intensive screening of microbes to evaluate their ability to produce metallic, metal oxide and also semiconductor nanoparticles;Develop a detailed procedure of nanoparticle synthesis for selected microbial strain;Characterization of physical and chemical properties of biosynthesized nanoparticles;Understanding of biochemical and genetic mechanisms of nanoparticleproduction by selected microbial strain.

Georgia – JINR Member state

Prof. Nelly Tsibakhashvili

Institute of Physics,

Tbilisi, Georgia

[email protected]

Potential collaborator in Italy:Prof. L. CampanellaDipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, [email protected]


Institute of Solid State and Semiconductor PhysicsNASB, Minsk, Belarus

Influence of synthesis conditions and the neutrons of fission spectrum on physical properties of fine crystalline diamonds

International Journal Diamond and related materials, Elsevier, Vol. 14, 2005, p. 1678-1682

Material Sciences

Grant RFBR- Belarus (2009-2010):

NAA for studying structure and impurities of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) technology (crystallization of cubic NB in system Li3N-BN)

NAA for Material ScienceNAA for Material Science


Tm is used to be capsuled in fullerene to form 170Tm@C82

NAA is used to analyze Tm, which is able to provide information on its distribution

170Tm@C82

153Gd@C82

Tm-170

Gd-153

Perspectives of NAA for Perspectives of NAA for studying biological distribution of studying biological distribution of REE (Rare Earth Elements) REE (Rare Earth Elements) capsuledcapsuled fullerenefullerene


ConclusionsConclusions

JINR possesses unique basic facility for advanced JINR possesses unique basic facility for advanced characterisation of characterisation of nanoobjectsnanoobjects

IBRIBR--2 pulsed reactor will resume its operation after 2 pulsed reactor will resume its operation after the refurbishment in 2010the refurbishment in 2010

At present we are working on coherent upgrade of At present we are working on coherent upgrade of the spectrometer complex to meet the modern the spectrometer complex to meet the modern challenges in challenges in nanosciencenanoscience and other fieldsand other fields

Cooperation with JINR member states and partners Cooperation with JINR member states and partners is of great importance for usis of great importance for us

Thank you for the attention !Thank you for the attention !

Documents

IBR-2 reactor for nanophysics and applied researchtheor.jinr.ru/meetings/2009/rt/talks/Belushkin.pdf · IBR-2 reactor for nanophysics and applied research ... packing under osmotic