International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences -Volume 1

Associate Editors

Prof. Gregory Garvey Liliana Rodríguez-Campos

Theodore Vurdubakis Dr. Deborah West

Dr Regine Wagner Dr. Nikola Hobbel

Mr James Graham Guy Kashi

Dr. William Bleuel Tim McLernon

Dr. Paul DuongTran Dr. Willy Ngaka

Dr. John Chapin Assoc. Prof. Andrew M. Guilfoyle

Dr. Eileen Oak Michael Peter Ilg

Dr. Ronald McKinley Calvin Mouw

Dr. Fernanda Duarte Prof. Jeremy Richards

Prof. Marcos Ferasso Dr. Dorothy Grosvenor

Carita J. Niemi Dr. Lize Annie Eliza Booysen

Dr. Marilyn Orrock Ms Christina Dwyer

Dr. Katerina T. Frantzi Professor John Stevenson

Razvan Grecu Prof John Richard Ennals

Dr Anitra Nelson Dr Laura L. Ortiz-Negron

Jean-Frederic Lemay Prof. Adele Bass

Ms Karen Lois Marais Dr Teresa Moore

Dr. Vincent Cho Dr Visvaldis Briedis

Mr. John Bundu Fofanah Dr Nola Purdie

Judith Oliver Sumana Biswas

Ms Susan Melanie Taplin Jeff Warren

Dr. James Juniper Dr. Fei Guo

Dr Kathy Arthurson Prof. Asha Kaul

Dr Ruth McAreavey Ioannis C. Yessios

Dr Duc Do Thi Minh Lois E. Berry

Lena Rethel Olga Pantelidou

Dr. Betty J. Woodman Dr. Heather Higgins

Prof. Laura McAllister Esha Patnaik

Kiersten Cox Dr. Megan Alessandrini

Terry Kidd Dr Colin David Kestell

Dr. Craig G. Deed Dr. Larry Sackney

Dr. Lez Rayman-Bacchus Dr. Bongo Adi

Dr' Panagiotis Moustairas Prof. Michael Anton Budd

Marina Helou Dr John Katsillis

Dr. Sarah J. Swierenga Coral Cara

Dr. Rosie Crone Dr. Lori A. Post

Dr Mammy Helou Dr Alice P. Wakefield

Dr. Mary Krenitsky Perrone Dr. Helen Vrailas Bateman

Curtis Warren Prof. Ross T. Barnard

Dr. Robert S. Fortner Ms Ros Howell

Dr Ian Convery Mr Thomas Dutson

Dr Viola Y.Y. Wong Dr Richard G. Anstiss

Ms Heying Yang Prof. Muhammad A. Shuraydi

Harald Urstad Dr. Sudha Goel

Keratso Georgiadou Mr. Philip Verhalen

Eva Stamou Dr David Parker

Dr Victoria Pavlou Judith M. Torrington

Dr. Grace Lappin Ms. Sasha Matthewman

Dr Kallia Manoussaki Anastasia Anastasaki

Dr. Marios Vryonides Dr Christine Doran

Dr. Nikoleta Jones Dr Angie Voela

Prof. Gerassimos Kekkeris Dr. Stavroula Kaldi

Dr. Sandra Lopez-Rocha Dr. Vicki L. Gregory

Dr. Nectaria Karagiozis Dr Qiuyan Fan

Dr. Jade G. Winn Prof. Edward Tywoniak

Dr Marianthi Georgalidou Dr. Yu Zhang

Dr. Alan Brown Dr. Pratyusha Basu

Dr George Frigkas Prof. Yosseph Shilhav

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences -Volume 2

Associate Editors

Dr. Nicky Hudson Prof. Theodore Koutsobinas

Jillian Gates Prof. Nicola Yelland

Dr. Joseph Prud'homme Dr. Patrick Lo

Dr. Helen Raptis Prof. Clara Sarmento

Hōne Sadler Prof. Gayle C. Avery

Dr. Rafal Soborski Dr. Carlos J. Alsua

Dr. Marion Ledwig Dr. Andries J. Du Plessis

Dr. Alan Grattan Dr. Peter Demediuk

Selvi Kannan Dr. Maheran Yaman

Ms Maria Widyarini Dr. Sarah Elizabeth Pilgrim

Dr. Chinyere Carol Phyllis Nnorom Lois E. Berry

Ray Chandrasekara Dr. Ramlah Hamzah

Prof. Ab. Rahim Bakar Catalina Gandelsonas

Coral Cara Keratso Georgiadou

Dr Victoria Pavlou Dr. Grace Lappin

Dr. Sofia D. Anastasiadou Anisha Datta

Dr. M. V. Shetty Dr. William Egelman

Dr. Jane Elizabeth Hiscock Prof. Norman K Swazo

Dibakar Pal Dr. Dale Mueller

Prof. Lorraine Culley Tanya Mueller

Ameera H. Al-Hassan Dr. Lydia Anita Miljan

Dr. Emily Schindeler Dr. Patrick Bradbery

Dr. Lindsay Asquith Virginia Baker

Dr. Jerry Dwyer Dr Asli Duru

Dr. Blanca M Ramos Prof. Katherine Fishburn

Dr. Irmgard Bauer Dr. Lou Wilson

Lauren Beck Dr. David Sims

Premalatha Karupiah Catherine Fisher

María Cristina Manzano Munguía Dr. Wahida Yasmeen

Dr. Bruce Morrison Prof. Valentine J. Belfiglio

Anna King Dr. Stephen Lilley

Dr Geoff Kuehne Alfred Rosenbloom

Dr. Renee White-Clark Assoc. Prof. Mahadzirah Mohamad

Dr. Tim MacNeill Dr. Jennifer L. Johrendt

Dr. Derek O. Northwood Dr. Erika Cudworth

Dr. Janette Long Dr. Sarah Holcombe

Dr. James Arvanitakis Adina Dudau

Dr. Sushi Datta-Sandhu Dr. Raluca Iorgulescu Polimeni

Dr. Eli Ristevski Carole Burkett

Prof. Hélène Ouellette-Kuntz Dr. John M. Polimeni

Prof. Rosalie Finlayson Dr. Vivien Chiong

Dr. Isaac T. Tabner Prof. Layachi Anser

Dr. Angeles Garcia Robert C. Kahlert

Zamzulaila Zakaria Dr. Tal Shahor

Prof. Yehuda Bar Shalom Dr. Regna Darnell

Dr. Lester J. Thompson Dr. David Bruce Lundberg

Michelle Fox Melanie Bedore

Christianne V. Stephens Martin Edward Purcell

Marie J. McEntee Prof. Oksan Bayulgen

Prof. Jeffrey W. Ladewig Dr. Nina Hrycak

Ann Deslandes Dr. Brenda Elizabeth Munro

Dr. Melissa Nursey-Bray Henning Bjornlund

Dr. Myra Goldschmidt Dr. Dawne Y. Curry

Dr. Glenda Ballantyne Robert M. Bichler

Dorit Kedar Dr. Helene Cristini

Dr. Pravesh Kumar Srivastava Dr. Faith N. Nguthi

Prof. David Drissel Dr. C. Theodore Koebel

Dr. M. Luisa Gomez Jiménez Dr. Ross Kingwell

Dr. Sarah J.C. Slabbert Prof. Shelley Spurr

Dr. Ana Minerva Arce-Ibarra Dr. Shweta Singh

Dr. Eva Ponte Syahirah Abdul Shukor

Dr. Octavio Luis Pineda Alireza Bafandehzendeh

Dr. Deborah Smith Dr. Wendy Moran

Khalilah Zakariya Dr. Julia Wilkins

Dr. Kishor Goswami Dr. Andrea Wolffram

Sarah Poulose Seda Kilinc

Dr. Nuray Tastan Dr. Cristina Aragón Amonarriz

Nicolette Macdougall Dr. Katharine Vadura

Prof. Deborah Zalesne Melike Kaplan

Wibke Derboven Dr. Felizitas Sagebiel

Dr. Arshad A.Samad Renata Florentino

Esme´ Holmes Jo-Anne Baker

Prof Pat Broadhead Omar Chaoura Bourouh

Plamen Miltenoff Dr Olesya Khromeychuk

Dr. Flora Mor Marina Lalayants

Jimmy Saravia Florian Chatagny

Prof. Nils Soguel Claudiu Cicea

Prof. Annmarie Ruston Dr. Sophia Rainbird

Dr. Marianna Obrist Dr. Ion Popa

Stephanie Dadour Dr. Bertil Rolandsson

Dr. Margareta Oudhuis Dr. Muhammad Nubli

Dr. Darryl Waldron Scott D. Scheer

Prof. Rosario Torres-Yu Dr. Jean François Santucci

Prof Christopher R. Stones Dr. Nasimah Hussin

Verena Behrnd Marion Burchell

Prof. Milan Dluhy Dr. Joanne Thakker

Aslı Bugay Anna Gluchowska

Wai-San Sancia Wan Dr. Sally Wai-Yan Wan

Prof. Valentin Nemirovskiy Rowena Bailey

Prof. Esther Sui-Chu Ho Dr. Taghi Doostgharin

Dr. Carlo Morelli Dr. John W. Luton

Dr. Jose S. Gil Dr. Terry Haydn

Aie-Rie Lee Dr. C.Kent McGuire

Dr. Laurie Johnson Prof. Israel Luski

Robert Porter Philip Griffith

Dr. Ester Levanon-Mordoch Eva S Lim

Dr. Luis Silva-Villar Stephanie Kermes

Jeni Mihova Associate Prof. Michael Buxton

Prof. Kenneth Kuzmich Dr. Everard Weber

Mr. Niranjan Casinader Diren Cakmak

Dr. Rosa Vozzo Dr. Dwight Hare

Dr. Rheba Vetter Dr. Ayman Reda

Dr. Margaret Gonzalez-Perez Shy-Jen Guo

Andries J. Jordaan Francesca D’Angelo

Prof. Elaine Chang Dr. Mokhtar Hj Nawawi

Carlos F. Liard-Muriente Prof. L. Gerald Bursey

Dr. Fernando Zacarias-Flores Dr. David Evans

Dr. Gyan Mudra Kumba Jallow

Fulya Akyildiz Prof. Rita Singh

Boya Shen Ekaterina Timofeeva

Jamie L. Hillis Prof. Maropeng M. Modiba

Dr. Vanmala Hiranandani Dr. Christiaan Bezuidenhout

Dr. Sangeeta Chaudhary Maria Roginska

Prof. Gerassimos Kekkeris Muhammad Azeem

Dr. John U. Peters Fazilah Mohd Othman

Dr. Yvonne Kosma Dr. Craig A. Molgaard

Dr. Amanda L. Golbeck Darryl Nettles

Prof. Antonio Burgos-Garcia Dr. Jean Stephenson

Dr. Almudena Ocaña Fernández Dr. Marta Molina

Dr. Janet M. C. Burns Professor Peter W. Harvey

Douglas McConatha Rahil Mahyuddin

Dr. Jan Kane Dr. Vivian Ikpa

Debra Tyler Dr. Sharifah Md Nor

Jon Austin Dr. Rosario Arroyo González

Dr. Consolacion Fajardo Dr. Joanne Leck

Mar Venegas Medina Dr. M. Teresa Pozo Llorente

Dr. Jennifer Martin Dr Leonor Buendia Eisman

Robert Sharkie Dr. Stephen Anthony Larmar

Mª Tamara Polo Sanchez Dr. Kasim Randeree

Dr. Marcelle Cacciattolo

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences -Volume 3

Associate Editors

Geoffrey Lawrence Dr. Diane M. Kimoto

Dr. Nikolaos Konstantopoulos Dr. Sonja Grover

Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal Prof. Jacob Oluwoye

Hōne Sadler Prof. Gayle C. Avery

Dr. Normaliza Abd Rahim Prof. Mark Deakin

Dr. Dariusz Jemielniak Dr. Adrienne Kay Redpath

Dr. Kerric Harvey Dr. Aminuddin Yusof

Dr. Andries J. Du Plessis Dr. Patrick O’Brien

Dr. Alan Grattan Dr. Peter Demediuk

Assoc. Prof. Andrew M. Guilfoyle Dr. Pammla Petrucka

Dr. Funmi Bammeke Dr Joe Tin-yau Lo

Prof. Jocalyn Lawler Sumana Biswas

Prof. Helen Ross Dr. Megan Alessandrini

Prof. Francesco Sofo Dr. Michelle Berzins

Dr. Tammis Thomas Coral Cara

Dr. Helen Vrailas Bateman Prof. Ross T. Barnard

Harald Urstad Dr. Sofia D. Anastasiadou

Dr. M. V. Shetty Dr. Daniel Cote

Dr. William Egelman Dr. Norhasni Zainal Abiddin

Dr. Jane Elizabeth Hiscock Dr. Siu Ming Kwok

Dr. Jack Demaine Dr. Patrick Bradbery

Dr. Dora M.Y. Tam Dr. Maria Cisaltina da Silveira Nunes Dinis

Dr. Ari Neuman Dr. Lou Wilson

Prof. Valentine J. Belfiglio Dr. Neil Campbell

Dr Geoff Kuehne Dr. Piyush Mathur

Dr. Erika Cudworth Dr. Janette Long

David Edwin Robinson Dr. Samuel K. Tesunbi

Dr. Lester J. Thompson Christianne V. Stephens

Dr. Melissa Nursey-Bray Henning Bjornlund

Dr. Giuseppe Tommaso Cirella Dr. Madeline Louise Lovell

Dr. Roselyn May Dixon Dr. Glenda Ballantyne

Prof. David Drissel Estela Rodriguez

Dr. C. Theodore Koebel Dr. Ross Kingwell

Omid Mazandarani Dr. Steve Robertson

Prof. Paul Nnodim Amira Mohyuddin

Prof. Maria Sakellariou Konstantina Rentzou

Marina Lalayants Dr. Leon Holtzhausen

Dr. Nick Sciulli Dr. Lisa Jane Goodson

Shirley Wong Dr. Taghi Doostgharin

Dr. Laurie Johnson Joleen Steyn-Kotze

Prof. John Holmes Dr. Sangeeta Chaudhary

Muhammad Azeem Dr. Femi Sunday Akinwumi

Prof. Chun-Wen Lin Antonio Luzón Trujillo

Dr. Sophie Constable Dr. Young Imm Kang Song

Prof. Ann Roy Prof. Arikpo B. Arikpo

Dr. Marcellinus U. Ojuah Dr. Deborah Flynn

Viveka Turnbull Hocking Saba ElGhul-Bebawi

Roslina Ismail Dr. Elena Caprioni

Dr. Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat Dr. Arbaie Sujud

Dr. Richard Verdugo Samantha Repacholi

Dr. Peter T. DiPaolo Dr. Grace Klinefelter

Dr. Tom Griffin Dr. P.K. Roxco Chun

Michael O. N. Kunnuji Dr. Masoud Ghaffari

Dr. Modupe Adeola Adelabu Prof. Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad

Dr. Anne Lara Ogunsola Lesley Vidovich

Dr. Christopher B. McNeil Linda Maule

Dr. Sandra Devlin Penny Ward

Christina L. Lara Dr. Joseph R. Merighi

Michel Demyen Kelly Louise Anders

Dr. Leland Tyson Anderson Dr. Martin Kelly

Dr. Ruth Walker Dr. Noraien Mansor

Prof. Karl E. Scheibe Dr. Loretta Brewer

Dr. Marilynn Loveless Asst. Prof. Lorraine BonaldiMoore

Dr. Siti Alida Abdullah Jonathan Kaplan

Dawn Bennett Dr. Philip Moore

Niina Kovalainen Dr. Linda Sanders

Dr. Edward Leoni Dr. Ronald D. Williams, Jr.

Dr. Catherine C. Stewart Dr. Fida Sanjakdar

Dr. Glenwood Ross Dr. Jeffrey Hughes Morgan

Dr. Emma Pivato Austin Murphy

Dr. Yvonne Captain Gregory K. Plagens

Dr. Isolde Daiski Dr. Judith Burnett

Dr. Julie Cwikla Dr. Christopher Barry

Dr. Aminuddin Hassan Dr. Abdullah Mat Rashid

Dr. Karen Murcia Assoc. Prof. Dr. Asmawati Suhid A.

Taibat Lawanson Dr. Idongesit Eshiet

Dr. Nandini Dasgupta Prof. Brent S. Steel

Dr. Sigrid Streit Chrissie Tate Reilly

Suzanne Giuffre Marleen Iannucci

Peter Nixon Dr. Adrea Lawrence

Dr. Mary Beth Zeni Dr. Ruby Natale

Dr. Lisa Porter Caroline Dunn

Dr. Mark Cohan Prof. Farhat Yusuf

Dr. Kevin H C Cheng Dr. Roberto Bergami

Jeffrey Harwood Associate Prof. Dr. Latifah Amin

Dr. Leah P. Macfadyen Dr. Loura Griessel

Peter Hepburn Dr. Pilar Damião de Medeiros

Dr. Manohar Mariapan Chaiti Sharma Biswas

Marlene Muller Dr. Parvin Alizadeh

Salli Vannucci Dr. Orna Steiner Lavi

Abu Sadat Nurullah Minakshi Mehra

Nadia Ciocoiu Catalin Razvan Dobrea

Prof. Abhilasha Singh Michael C. M. Ng

Prof. Ernest Peprah Ababio Dr. Katharina Storch

Svatava Nunvarova Dr. Edwards A. Alademerin

Dr. Daleen Krige Claudette Collette Austin

Dr. Lulama Qalinge Prof Caroline Barratt-Pugh

Kate Huppatz Rashidah Abdul Rahman

Dr Donald Keith Gates Dr. Riccardo Baldissone

Akinola George Dosunmu Edobor Michael Erhabor

Dr. Fernando Kuhn Dr. Irene Riobóo

Prof. Martina Kotzé Dr. Denise N. J. Chapman

Dr. Edward Peter Errington Dr. Miriam George

Shagufa Kapadia Md. Ashiqur Rahman

Dr. Koyel Chakrabarty Mazni Abdullah

Muhammad Zahid Siddique Dr Rosly Othman

Dr. Ismi Arif Ismail Naveen Mishra

Dr. Bojana Beric Assoc. Prof. Iris Aravot

Sharadindu Pandey Philip Rocco

Chiang Teck Meng Dr. K. Jaishankar

Prof. Ramsay Liem Donna Wheatley

Prof. Erik Eklund Norehan Zulkiply

Dr. Todd Jones Nor Khalidah Abu

Prof. Rosmimah Mohd Roslin Dr. Wai Hsien Cheah

Dr. Gennadiy G. Kuleshov Sarani Saha

Sandra Bell Dr. Russell Kincaid

Melissa Zisler Zhiming Cheng

Greetje Timmerman Iskandar Abdullayev

Dr. P.T. Kidd Dr. Maggie Gregson

Dr. Lawrence Nixon Dr. Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson

Dr. Virginia Mapedzahama Hsin-Yin Huang

Dr. Steven Eric Krauss Dr. Morgan Milner

Connie Elliott Dr. Megan Endres

Dr. Asher Idan Dr Mohammad Habib Reza

Dr. Rungpat Roengpitya Dr. Sibel Erkal

Ilana Boivie Dr. Masrur Khan

Sabrina Leone Dr. Bonke Adepeju Omoteso

Prof. Rolf Solli Charles Dube

Dr. Lisa G. Driscoll Dr. Hülya Öztop

Stefano Adamo Dr. Giovanna Trento

Dr. Chua Yan Piaw Assistant Prof. Rama Krishna Valmiki

Santhi Ramanathan Dr. Habibah Ab Jalil

Dr R. Shashi Kumar Chijioke J. Evoh

Kathryn Williams Dr. Antoinette A Eklund

Dr Thomas Babila Sama, PhD Dr. Ajlina Karamehic-Muratovic

Lekhotla James Mafisa Alastair Beattie

Dr. Deslea Konza Rahil Mahyuddin

Dr. Michael W. Smith Dr. Jan Kane

Prof. Zaidatol Akmaliah Lope Pihie Dr. Caroline M. Crawford

Dr. Christiane Paponnet-Cantat Dr. Sharifah Md Nor

Prof. Habibah Elias Dr. Gerard Bellefeuille

Mar Venegas Medina Prof. Piero Mella

Dr. Parilah M. Shah Elvira Rosales Escabias

Dra. María Pilar Cáceres Reche Dr. Mido Chang

Ruzena Lukasova Dr. Antonio Luis García Ruiz

Dr. Karen Maree Crinall

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences -Volume 4

Associate Editors

Dr. Nicky Hudson Dr. Diane M. Kimoto

Dr. Sonja Grover Prof. Jinman Kyonne

Prof. Gayle C. Avery Dr. Donna Wright

Fokion Georgiadis Dr. Eugenia Arvanitis

Dr. Sherilyn Marrow Dr. Peter Demediuk

Assoc. Prof. Andrew M. Guilfoyle Dr. Katerina T. Frantzi

Sumana Biswas Dr. Rosanna Langer

Marjorie P. Callahan Prof. Ab. Rahim Bakar

Dr. Tammis Thomas Dr. Nicholas Mangos

Karen A. Polonko Dr. Eman Gaad

Dr. Nikoleta Jones Prof Argyris Kyridis

Dr. Sofia D. Anastasiadou Dr. Jane Elizabeth Hiscock

Dibakar Pal Prof. Lorraine Culley

Dr. Jack Demaine Prof. Valentine J. Belfiglio

Prof. Rakesh H. Solomon Dr. Erika Cudworth

Dr. Janette Long Dr. Brenda Elizabeth Munro

Dr. Andrew Hickey Dorit Kedar

Dr. Faith N. Nguthi Donna Sharkey

Dr. Theodore Petrus Dr. Mira Mayer

Dr. Norsiah Fauzan Dr. Taghi Doostgharin

Prof. Chih-Yang Chao Fazilah Mohd Othman

Dr. Rick Garner Darryl Nettles

Dr. Fadzidah Abdullah Viveka Turnbull Hocking

Manuela Deiana Dr. Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat

Mohd Na’eim Ajis Dr. Che Ibrahim Salleh

Dr. Gül Seçkin Prof. 'Dimeji Togunde

Prof. Joan Catherine Bohl Prof. Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad

Prof. W. Jay Reedy Kelly Louise Anders

Dr. Noraien Mansor Dr. Siti Alida Abdullah

Gregory K. Plagens Peter Nixon

Dr. Lyn Snodgrass Dr. Vincent Hammond

Marc Kosciejew Dr. Sabitha Marican

Dr. Darina Lepadatu Prof. Dilip Dutta

Dr. Patricia B. Strait Dr. Aminah Ahmad

Dr. Pilar Damião de Medeiros Assoc. Prof. Joy Hardy

Prof. Voicu D. Dragomir Michael C. M. Ng

Ling Wong Raphael Nawrotzki

Vimala Perumal Dr. Natasha Menon

Dr. Gregory Acevedo Prof. Rajib Lochan Dhar

Dr. George R. La Noue Dr. Kenneth R. Austin

Dr. Kimiko Tanaka Dr. Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson

Dr Thomas Babila Sama, PhD Dr Karen Marion Dos Reis

Bimal Sharma Dr. Janice Gasker

Prof. Ching Mey See Prof. Amla Salleh

Dr. Ezhar Tamam Prof. Veronica Strang

Dr. Hülya Öztop Stella Myrianthous

Hazel Elizabeth Simpson Dr. Christopher Warburton

Dr. Amritha Sobrun-Maharaj Dr. Joyce Arditti

Dr. Karen Joest Dr R. Shashi Kumar

Dr. Ana M. Leon Dr. Omar C. Bourouh

Jasmin Tanja Carolin Kossenjans Percyslage Chigora

Dr. Ajlina Karamehic-Muratovic Md. Hasinur Rahaman Khan

Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal Dr. Rami Gabriel

Indah Widiastuti Dr. Ranee Vedamuthu

Gudrun Haindlmaier Dr. Alexandros Khoury

Dr. Athanasia Chalari Meng Xiao

Dr. Soma Bandyopadhyay Dr. Maureen Goldstein

Ponmalar N. Alagappar Allan Jiao

Dr. William Hommel Dr. Roy F. Fox

Mary Louise Galantino Ali Yaghoubalipour

Raquel Harper Dr. Christian R. Bellehumeur

Dr. Zawiyah Yusof Prof. S. Perks

Prof. Elroy Eugene Smith Dr. John Conahan

Vanessa Hinchcliffe Dr. David Oliver

Dr. Arlene Kent-Wilkinson Wendy Howe

Dr. Susan Luckman Prof. John Zhang

Maria de Jesus Marquez Dorantes Iryna Matsevich

Dr. Debra Mullinnix Dr. Jane Thielemann

Dr. Stephen Hobden Mr Jem Masters

Prof. Trudy Rudge Dr. Joelle Laplante

David Cudworth Cristina Otovescu-Frasie

Dr. Luke Doggett Dr. Wendy K Lam

Dr. William Fals-Stewart Dr. Jo Woodiwiss

Dr. Beverly Edwards Ignacio Macedo Castillejos

Dr. Mária Panagos Charlayn Imogen von Solms

Carmen G. Sánchez Fortoul Dr. Karen Kakas

Dr. Eleftherios Pavlides Erik Wimbley-Brodnax

Dr. Effie Zafirakis Harold Boudreau III

Dr. Sharon Smith Rahil Mahyuddin

Elizabeth Shi Dr. George Jacinto

Dr. Noor Sulastry Yurni Ahmad Felipe Watarai

Prof. Pénélope Daignault Prof. Massimo Leone

Dr. Suzanna Isa Dr. Christina Hajisoteriou

Dr. Ian Tucker Dr. Kartini Aboo Talib @ Khalid

Dr. Maria-Victoria Pérez-y-Pérez Dr. Olivia Sagan

Ekaterina Zhuravleva-Todarello Prof. Elizabeth More

Julie Porter Spyros Roumeliotis

Dr Ayse Ozcan Dr. Joseph Galbo

Dr. Nuri Dogan Dr. Bruce Bidgood

Daniel Bessner Prof. Jannis Kallinikos

Dr. Stavros Parlalis Dr. Elvia R. Krajewski-Jaime

Jessica Siva Dr. Kerry London

Dr. Helen Joanna Boon Ms June Buchanan

Dr. Angelyn Flowers Dr. Sylvia Hill

Prof. Liliane Wong Sister Marilyn Baker

Agnes Nemeth Dr. Elizabeth D. Carlson

Dr. Joan C. Engebretson Dr. Chun-lin Luo

Dr. Christopher Braddock Dr. Heidi Rimke

Dr. Denis Francesconi Dr. Lois Edmund

Theresa Hunt Dr Arpita Banerjee

Dr. Bayode Isaiah Popoola Dwayne C Baraka

Dr. Sungsoo Hwang Dr. Marietjie Oelofse

Yuan Tai Chen Luminiţa Nicolescu

Michael Taylor Barbara J. Kampa

Dr. Andreas G. Philaretou Dr. Elena-Madalina Vatamanescu

Prof. Seung-Ki Lee Dr. María Soledad Martínez Miranda

Dr. George Mavrogenis Seth Surgan

Professor Anurag Gangal Dr Catherine Hayes

Dr J. Gabriel Scala Dr Shi Li

Dr. Akanni I. Akinyemi Prof. Eva Patrikakou

David Ho Prof. Annmarie Ruston

Dr. Tahseen Bilgrami Naheed Sultana

Dr. Sherilyn Marrow Prof. Stefanos Paraskevopoulos

Dr. Yannis Pechtelidis Paul Tatum III

Dr. Lin Allen Dr. Tania Levey

Mandeep Dr. Maria Theodosopoulou

Prof. Raúl Fernández-Calienes Sung Yip Lam

Dr. Christiane Paponnet-Cantat Dr. Maria Chong Abdullah

Jon Austin Prof. Javier Pérez-Herreras

Natassa Raikou Dr. Thanassis Karalis

Dr. Michelle VanNatta Prof. Habibah Elias

Prof. Piero Mella Prof. Irina Mitina

Dr. Anna Hamling Dr. Lucien Lombardo

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences -Volume 5

Associate Editors

Dr. Sonja Grover Prof. Guida C. Man

Prof. Sue McGinty Dr. Audrey Addi-Raccah

Dr. Eugenia Arvanitis Wilma R. King

Dr. Kerric Harvey Dr. Krzysztof Batorowicz

Dr. Peter Demediuk Sumana Biswas

Dr. Bertha Ochieng Coral Cara

Dr. Rugayah Hashim Dr. Giancarlo Polenghi

Anu Masso Dr. David Grierson

Dr. Jane Elizabeth Hiscock Prof. Robert Raeside

Dr. Emily Schindeler Dr Andrew Agapiou

Dr. Lou Wilson Prof. Valentine J. Belfiglio

Dr. Leanne Claire Cullen-Unsworth Dr. Janette Long

Dr. Samuel K. Tesunbi Dr. Arthur Horton

Dr. Rehana Khan Dr. Madeline Louise Lovell

Dorit Kedar Dr. Karen E Mow

Moses Orwe-Onyango Dr. Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Sani

Dr. Nasimah Hussin Prof. Israel Luski

Zakirah Othman Alexander Blair

Carlos F. Liard-Muriente Dr Daniel Foroughi

Dr. Farough Amin Mozaffari Dr. Farough Amin Mozaffari

Prof. Maropeng M. Modiba Rizwan Qaiser Danish

Dr. Nectaria Karagiozis Prof. Michela Cortini

Dr. Yvonne Kosma Dr. Naveed Sultana

Viveka Turnbull Hocking Dr. Susan Lewis

Dr. Taiwo Lanre Adepoju Dr. Alex Koutsouris

Kelly Louise Anders Dr. Peter Walker

Dr. Robert Weaver Gregory K. Plagens

Mark Tompkins Prof. César Correa Arias

Peter Nixon Dr. Lynda S. Livingston

Dr. Roberto Bergami Dr. Jaime LLambías-Wolff

Dr. Patricia B. Strait Prof. Dr. Nor Hashimah Hashim

Abu Sadat Nurullah C. Fiifi Odoom

Dr. Vijayaletchumy Subramaniam Dr. Peter Géczy

Dr. Rifat Akhter Dr. Linda L. Semu

Vimala Perumal Prof. Martina Kotzé

Dr. Edward Peter Errington Dr. Miriam George

Noriah Ismail Assoc. Prof. Iris Aravot

Dr. Qing Li Dr. Wai Hsien Cheah

Dr. George R. La Noue Dr. Kimiko Tanaka

Dr. Yılmaz Özakpınar Dr. Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson

Dr. Mio Bryce Dr. Mohd Faiz Hilmi

Dr. Sydney Nwanakponna Osuji Ana Sueyoshi

Dr. Janice Gasker Dr. Eleni Tracada

Eunice Sanya Pelini Julian Silverman

Jasmin Tanja Carolin Kossenjans Dr. Rande Matteson

Dr. S. A. Hamed Hosseini Dr. Ayoola Sunkanmi Odubunmi

Dr. William Pelech Andika Putra Pratama

Dr. Olu. Adesola Famade Dr. Honglin Chen

Dr. Krista Sigler Dr. Roy F. Fox

Dr. Christian R. Bellehumeur Dr. John Conahan

Douglas McConatha Dr. Mansoor Abul Fazl Kazi

Dr. Hosin Shirvani Dr. Debra Mullinnix

Dr. Stephen Hobden Dr. Deslea Konza

Dr. Luke Doggett Dr. Iliana Underwood-Holbrook

Dr. Kathryn Weaver Dr. Noor Sulastry Yurni Ahmad

Prof. Basavadatta Mitra Dr. Orit Haller-Hayon

Mohan V. Avvari Spyros Roumeliotis

Dr. Robert Langton Dr. Larry Riggs

Dr. Sandra Hellyer-Riggs Dr. Jonathan H. Westover

Dr. Julia Watkins Dr. Sheryl Van Horne

Dr. Stavros Parlalis Dr. Elvia R. Krajewski-Jaime

Jessica Siva Prof. Liliane Wong

Agnes Nemeth Dr. Stephen Burgess

Prof. Manjula Sharma Prof. Manjula Sharma

Dr. Ravindra P. Saxena Dr. Andreas G. Philaretou

Prof. Gregory Elliott Michael Arman

Dr. Elena-Madalina Vatamanescu Prof. Peggy Wiencek

Dr. Luke Strongman Mariangela Marcello

Dr. Yasin Kerem Gümüş Dr. Denise Russell

Gul Rabia Ali Dr. Savitri Singh-Carlson

Dr. Yannis Pechtelidis Dr. Lena Darweesh . F.

Abdul Manaf Bohari Thanapauge Chamaratana

Dr. Francine Rochford Samehia Aziz

Prof. T. Ramayah Eric Royal Lybeck

Dr. Joseph L. Bass Dr. Glenn Stone

Dr. Hazman Shah Abdullah Ming-chun Sinn

Hom Nath Gartaula Sung Yip Lam

Naznine Anwar Bhavna Thakur

Dr. Bridget Oghenekome Ogowewo Poling Bork

Dr. Halil Ozekicioglu Dr. Anjali Chauhan

Aries Feizal Firman Bengü Kurtege Sefer

Dr. Paul Betts Dr. Kathleen Coessens

Dr D. K Chakraborty Prof. Dr. Hj. Kamaruzaman Jusoff

Elizabeth Trapp Shane Brady

Pierre Rice Jr. Dr. Aleksejs Ruza

Dr. Stanislas Bigirimana Ana Martinez

Rosila Bee Mohd Hussain Kesinee Pratumsuwan

Dr. Manas Komoltha Dr. Kamonthip Kongprasertamorn

Bethany Waterhouse Bradley John Christopher Foster

Dr. Raymond W. Cox Ⅲ Mdm Siew Woei Ling

Dr. Ah Choo Koo

Diana Krajewski Lockwood Dr. Christeen George

David Admire Dr. Dewey W. Hall

Dr. Ronald Paige Prof. Habibah Elias

Lisa O’Beirne A. Q. M. Shafiul Azam

Jacinta Elliott Dr. Janet Hargreaves

Lizzie Walker Dr. Chris Dearnley

Dr. David Wojnowski Dr. Heli Irmeli Koskinen

Dr. Maria Xenitidou Ahmad Thamrini Fadzlin Syed Mohamed

Dr. David Lake Dr Ratna Vadra

Dr. Liette Vasseur Sheung Chun Lai

Dr. Clay Boyd Rosita Suhaimi

Ung Hua Lau Dr. Anne Richardson Oakes

Prof. Robert “Bob” Blain Dr. Nor Shafrin Ahmad

Dr. Rahimi Che Aman Dr. Christina Spivey

Dr. Cătălin Mamali Dr. Ron Phillips

Assoc. Prof. Garrett Paul Prestage Saeid Zarghami Hamrah

Dr. Santosh Saha Dr. Jonathan Boote

Dr. Christiaan Willems Dr. Pawel Cabala

Dr. Christopher J. Johnston Dr. Jill A. Singleton-Jackson

Dr. David Gilboa Dr. Darja Zorc-Maver

Dr. Ebtihal Elshaikh Dr. Tamara Olive

Dr. Bernadette Gavino-Gumba Pamela Runestad

Dr. Jerome Joseph Sarah M. Burnett

Dr. Fatin Aliah Phang Emily McMillan

Dr. Janet Stephenson Prof. Rob Lawson

Prof. Gerry Carrington Dr. Paul Thorsnes

Sabarudin Zakaria Dr. Lubna Almenoar

Dr. Pierluca Birindelli Jerald Swope

Patricia Siplon Dr. Kirk Peck

Dr. Blake Armstrong Dr Dianne McAdams Jones

Dr. Sanjay Nagar Dr. Preeti Barua Tiwari

Susan Sherringham Hsuan Hung

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jowati Juhary Dr. Suzanne Dallman

James A. Roffee Dr. Jerald Paquette

Dr. Gerald Fallon Dr. Levent Kara

Dr. Roberta Berry Makurina Liudmila

Prof. Stepan Sulakshin Dr. Maxim V. Vilisov

Dr. Kathryn Waddington Dr. Alyona S. Sulakshina

Dr. Bitsy Wedin Dr. Jennifer Kellman-Fritz

Dr. Robert Harold Duke Dr. Sarah Cornell

Magda Zena Sadurska Sarah Ritter

Dr. Robert Lancaster Dr. Henry Venter

Dr. Rita Colistra Dr. Jennifer Shewmaker

Dr. Mary-Ellen Tyler Dr. Kathryn Belicki

Dr. Denis Belicki Mr. Derek Skea

Dr. Osnat Rosen-Kremer Dr. Diane Huberman Arnold

Ms. R.R.S. Stewart Dr. Brent McKenzie

Dr. Marguerite Maher Dr. Louise Goodbody

Prof. Jan Burns Vander Beken Noach

Dr. J. J. Johnson Dr. Brock Kilbourne

George Drazenovich Dr. Nadia Ayub

Chui Yin Wong Dr. Cristina Popa Nistorescu

Assoc. Prof. Janet Judy McIntyre-Mills Raymund Victor Vitorio

Francesca Eva Sara Montemaggi Dr. Daryl Bockett

Dr. F. Aysin K. Turhanoglu Alla Salmina

Dr. Diana Young Dr. Yusliza Mohd.Yusoff

Prof. Liudmila Anfimova Dr. Antoneta Polo

Dr. Tavee Cheausuwantavee Aliza Akmar Omar

Greta Gober Daniel Cerván

Dr. Elizabeth Gingerich Dr. Shankar Chelliah

Dr. Başak Uçanok Dr. Stefania Kalogeraki

Zikri Muhammad Agnieszka Szymańska

Alsu Gazizova Dr. Allyson Muth

Marina Papadaki Dr. Rupali Phukan Bhuyan

Dr. Olusola Iyabode Akinbobola Dr. Yulia Maleta

Thilakshi Kodagoda Prof. Francesc Josep Sanchez i Peris

Dr. Kerstin Stiewe Bambang Widianto

Dr. Pendo Mwaiteleke Dr. Gouri Sankar Banerjee

Dr. Sima Farshid Dr. Matthew Roberts

Dr. James A. Johnson Junhua Chen

Dr. Elena Oliete Dr. Beatriz Oria

Dr. Ying Wu Phillipa Marsh

Suwicha Komaladat Annamarie Schuller

Connie Rong Tang Dora D. Clarke-Pine

Dr. Muruga Perumal Ramaswamy Robbie Duschinsky

Dr. Nancy Smee Ashley Gunter

Muhammad Auwalu Haruna Kareen NingLianChing Tonsing

Dr. Zarina Mustafa Abdu Ja'afaru Bambale

Susan Wild Prof. Edwin Mares

Agnieszka A. Piasna Dr. Antonia Loeschner

Prof. Juan José Borrell Su-hsen Liu

Ali Usman Inês Lourenço

Mai Sumiyati Ishak Dr. Jongeun Kim

Dr Premsak Piayura Dr. Gutu Olana Wayessa

Dr. Linda Holloway Nicole M. Tomasello

Dr. Amina Mohamed Biomy Dr. Francesca Bortolami

Paula Rama Silva Dr. Preeti Sharma

Dr. H.M. Sanjeev Kumar Prof. María del Carmen Guarddon Anelo

Dr. Bishnupriya Dasgupta Raluca Oana Matu Rancu

Peter Mwakalombe Dr. Meral Ozcinar

Margarida Martins Dr. Sununta Siengthai

Dr. Sandra Lopez-Rocha Delia Manzanero

Dr. Gabriela Polackova Walkyria Goode

Guido Caicedo Dr. Dolapo Adeniji-Neill

April Elisabeth Pierce Muhammad Zafar Iqbal

Rim Ktari Maggie Bailey

Gabriela Gruber Catherine Ajoke Oluyemo

Abimbola Adelakun Samuel Ojima Adejoh

Olivera Taban Akbar Valadbigi

Shahab Ghobadi Dr. Ameeta Singh

Dr. Kevin R. Bush Dr. Doris Bergen

Robyn Heckenberg Brigita Baltaca

Dr. Najma Sadiq Poul Graversen

Yuan Wang Dr. Gauri Sharma

Rasita Ekawati Purba Prof. Rohany Nasir

Assoc. Prof. Hasnah Ali Assoc Prof. Dr. Sanep Ahmad

Dr. L.M. Farrell Dr. Paul Stepney

Dr. Rania Khalil Alexandra MacCallum

Dr. Alejandro Cañadas Dr. Carol Kauppi

Nevien Mattar Prof. François Pichette

Dr. Steve Kusan Dr. Shirley Kelly

Dr. Maria Nijnik Dr. Eileen O’Connor

Dr. Tony Stanley Martin Sykora

Dr. Pamela N. Gray Christian John Reynolds

Dr. Ioanna Keramidou Dr. Sue Hanna

Dr. Ela Molina-Sevilla de Morelock Dr. Angelos Mimis

Dr Thu-Huong Nguyen Barbara P. Starkey-Bass

Theresa Golightly Dickman Coral Ivy Hunt-Gómez

Dr Florin Oprescu Dr. Charles Mphande

Dr. Emanuele Achino Prof. Andre Francisco Pilon

Dr. Anna Hamling

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences -Volume 6

Associate Editors

Dr. Kimberly S. Adams Wilma R. King

Mohamad Faisol Keling Dr. Peter Demediuk

Coral Cara Anu Masso

Kelsey Halbert Dr. Lou Wilson

Prof. Valentine J. Belfiglio Dr. Janette Long

Maizatul Akmal Musa Carlos F. Liard-Muriente

Dr Daniel Foroughi Dr. Farough Amin Mozaffari

Prof. Yaw Sekyi-Baidoo Khaled Alturki

Dr. Tom Chan Pui-yan (Flora) Lau

Dr. Richard Verdugo Dr. Suheyla Saritas

Rokiah A. Kadir Fehmida Goderya-Shaikh

Dr. Michael Forster Dr. Roberto Bergami

Dr. Patricia B. Strait Assoc. Prof. Joy Hardy

Dr. Rifat Akhter Vimala Perumal

Dr. Thomas Wanner Dr. Deanna Nisbet

Dr. Achinto Roy Dr. Kimiko Tanaka

Dr. Jena Švarcová Dr. Yılmaz Özakpınar

Aishwarya Padmanabhan Dr. Ibrahim Abu Bakar

Dr. Suet Leng Khoo Dr. Rande Matteson

Dr. Kittitouch Soontornwipast Dr. Honglin Chen

Dr. Meena Chavan Prof. Maya Khemlani David

Dr. Valerie Ingham Prof. S. Perks

Dr. John Conahan Dr. Susan Luckman

Dr. Deslea Konza Dr. Kathryn Weaver

Dr. Sharon C. Lyter Dr. Michael W. Smith

Dr. Manfred F. Meine Dr. Stavros Parlalis

Ms June Buchanan Florence Toh Haw Ching

Dr. Stephen Burgess Prof. Manjula Sharma

Dr. Andreas G. Philaretou Florah Sewela Modiba

Dr. Yasin Kerem Gümüş Dr. Mojgan Rahbari

Dr. Hossein Behravan Mohammad Tariq Ahsan

Jahirul Mullick Nabil A. Jalil

Naznine Anwar Dr. Eric Kong

Dr. Carmine Sellitto Bobi Ivanov

Dr. Stanislas Bigirimana Rosila Bee Mohd Hussain

Kien N. Luu Dr. Tracey Yeadon-Lee

Dr. Heli Irmeli Koskinen Dr. Cătălin Mamali

Dr. Ron Phillips Dr. Carmina Villariba Tolentino

Dr. Cynthia Whissell Dr. Debra Harwood

Sabarudin Zakaria Dr. Lubna Almenoar

Asst. Prof. Sibel Onursoy Dr. Suzanne Dallman

Prof. Stepan Sulakshin Dr. Maxim V. Vilisov

Dr. Alyona S. Sulakshina Sarah Ritter

Dr. Donald B. Summers Mr. Derek Skea

Dr. Abdulla Galadari Dr. Brock Kilbourne

Dr. Nadia Ayub Prof. G. Michael McGrath

Raymund Victor Vitorio Saswati Das

Francesca Eva Sara Montemaggi Dr. Daryl Bockett

Philip Sawi Kavan Dr. Stefania Kalogeraki

Agnieszka Szymańska Dr. Yulia Maleta

Prof. Darrell Norman Burrell Dr. Pendo Mwaiteleke

Dr. Charles Paul Beaupre Leanne Fried

Dr Arianti Ina Restiani Hunga Muhammad Auwalu Haruna

Chris Francovich Adam Kok Wey Leong

Su-hsen Liu Qurratulain Safdar

Dr. Susanne Garvis Dr. Annie W. Y. Ng

Dr. Danielle Twigg Dr. Bishnupriya Dasgupta

Rebecca Simon Dr. Uzma Mukhtar

Dr. Ebenezer Aka Dr. Dolapo Adeniji-Neill

Dr. Doris Bergen Dr. Rania Khalil

Martin Sykora Dr. Evangelia Pappa

Dr. Gerard Bellefeuille Dr. Samantha Kilbourne

Dr. José Gutiérrez-Pérez Dr. Leanne Carter

Marie Louise Conilh de Beyssac Margarita Mihailova

Dr. Jacinta Byrne-Doran Elgeritte Adidjaja

Dr. Denise Elizabeth Faifua Christine Okpomeshine

Dr. Bonnie Ahn Dr. Daniel Teferra

Dr. Robert Scott Stewart Dr. Christine Privott

Dr. Christian van Nieuwerburgh David Baker

Amy H. Jones Prof. Ben Shacklette

Dr. Jennifer D. Greer Dr. Rebecca Deen

Dr. Beth Anne Shelton Dr Florin Oprescu

Prof. Terry L. Chmielewski Dr. Barbara Burgess-Wilkerson

Prof. Claudette Braxton Dr. Michael Derek Peters

Dr. Peter Stone Dr. Emanuele Achino

Corina Gruber Prof. Tengku Ghani T. Jusoh

Dr. Jacqui Rogers Dr. Jorge Ortuno-Molina

Muqarrab Akbar Dr. Jeļena Ļevina

Dr. Daniel Tudora Dr. Marinela Istrate

Dr. Alexandru M.V. Bănică Dr. Jun (John) Xia

Dr. Lawrence Benjamin Lewis Kira van Lil

Dr. Kah Loong Leow Tundjung Mahatma

Dr. Donna-Louise McGrath Dr. Mitzi Lewis

Dr. Roshni Narendran Dr. Norazlinda Saad

Amal Altaf Jerry Nockles

Ran Liu Dr. Michele Westhead

Prof. Emman Osakwe Maha Alluhaibi

Bayu Sutikno Dr Gursharan Shore

Jaein J. Lee Dr. Chao-Neng Chan

Dr. Rasa Balockaite Prof. Benedict Edward DeDominicis

David Sinfield Dr. Mir Rabiul Islam

Dr. Mona Alkhanaini Dr. Taghreed Alqudsi-ghabra

Dr. Mayra Lopez Humphreys Dr. Loura Griessel

Dr. Martha Vungkhanching Dr. Olga Achón Rodríguez

Dr. Thomas Roche Dr. Stephen Ko

Prof. Thomas E. Heinzen Melanie Gale

Dr. Judith Stevenson Jade Evans

Dr. Sanju Gupta Asst. Prof. Harish Bala Bansal

Jenny Rebecca McGrath Dr. Richard Johnson

Dr. Walter Lima Dr. Marco Castillo

Trina F. Jackson Dr. Sinclair Jeter

Assoc. Prof. Jitender Rattan Dr. Sheryl Leytham

Poliana Pasa Dr. Jeffrey Gaab

Debra Lett Dr. Loreta Vivian Ramel-Galima

Dr. Lynn P. Hagan Prof. Marsha I. Walker

Dr. Debra Lopez Dr. John Flynt

Dr. Meg Milligan Kevin Brabazon

Dr. Elizabeth VandeWaa Dr. David Turnipseed

Dr. Muhammad Asif Malik Aaron Zeanah

Dr. Trisha Capansky Tom Smith

Dr. Denise Isom Julie Nunenmacher

Assoc. Prof. Nopporn Sarobol Dr. Leocadia Díaz Romero

Sarah-Anne Munoz Dr. Jeffrey Kamakahi

Dr Mehmet Recep Taş Dr. Stephen Ko

Dr. Szilvia Simai Dr. Fyodor I. Kushnirsky

Dr. Roxanne Bélanger Professor Dr. Myint Zan

Dr. Antoni Seguí Alcaraz Jegatheva (Jay Jay) Jegathesan

Dr. Robert J. Reid Dr. Stanley McCray

Dr. Mireia Tintore Rex Perez Bringula

Fulya Kama Ozelkan Dr. Chanchal Kumar

J.D. Mosley-Matchett Prof. Ebben van Zyl

Dr. Nimisha H. Patel

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences:Annual Review - Volume 7

Associate Editors

Dr. David Bruce Lundberg Dr. R. Scott Smith

Dr. Chavalin Svetanant Dr. Hülya Öztop

Prof. Fatos Tarifa Dr. Yasin Kerem Gümüş

Dr. William L. Blizek Dr. Mohammad Essawi

Paula Curvelo Dr. Chanchal Kumar

David Fanany Dr. Paul Throssell

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Civic and PoliticalStudies - Volume 7

Associate Editors

Dr. Bertha Ochieng Prof. Valentine J. Belfiglio

Carlos F. Liard-Muriente Rokiah A. Kadir

Dr. Ahmed Baran Dural Dr. Ayfer Aydıner Boylu

Dr. Deanna Nisbet Prof. Fatos Tarifa

Dr. Jonathan H. Westover Dr. Kam-yee Law

Dr. Ira Konstantinou Dr. Shannon Peterson

Dr. Jacinta Byrne-Doran Dr Florin Oprescu

Dr. Peter Stone Dr. Pratyush Vatsala Tripathi

Michelle L. McCrory Dr. Rosalie Otters

Dr. Leocadia Díaz Romero Assist. Prof. Dr. Billur Engin Balin

Dr. Jeffrey Kamakahi Dr. Harkaitz Zubiri

Karen Yu Dr. Thomas Brian Whalen

Professor Dr. Myint Zan Dr. Norma Rodriguez-Roldan

Dr. Antoni Seguí Alcaraz Dr. Matthew F. Filner

Daniel Pasciuti Dr. Scott H. Clarke

Dr. Mireia Tintore Prof Jason Powell

Guadalupe Cantarero Dr. Sudata DebChaudhury

Yong Ryung Lee Dr Claudio Marciano

Dr. Gustavo Castillo Rozas

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies -Volume 7

Associate Editors

Dr. Bertha Ochieng Dr. Jim Henry

Kenneth DiMaggio Dr. Patricia B. Strait

Dr. Harison Mohd Sidek Mahadevi Ramakrishnan

Dr. Christian R. Bellehumeur Dr. James Moir

Dr. Kam-yee Law Bobi Ivanov

Dr. Ira Konstantinou Dr. Sima Farshid

Dr. Gutu Olana Wayessa Paula Rama Silva

Dr. Preeti Sharma Dr. William L. Blizek

Dr. Michèle Minor-Corriveau Corina Gruber

Imen Ben Abda Dr. Rasa Balockaite

Sheridy Leslie Dr. Carl Hylton

Dr. Jeffrey Kamakahi Guirguissou Maboudou Alidou

Dr. Harkaitz Zubiri Margaret Cavin Hambrick

Dr. Thomas Brian Whalen Cornelia R. Karger

Helaine Ciporen Dr. Sonja Rizzolo

Prof. Sarah Higley Dr. Chantal Mayer-Crittenden

Haydée E. Sainz Gimeno Dr. Stanley McCray

Dr. Scott H. Clarke Dr Assefa Tefera Dibaba

Fulya Kama Ozelkan Dr. Chanchal Kumar

Ana Gonçalves Dr. Mary S O’Halloran

Dr. Snjezana Bilic Dr. Sudata DebChaudhury

Sirima Ussawarakha

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary EducationalStudies - Volume 7

Associate Editors

Dr. David K. Truscello Liliana Rodríguez-Campos

Dr. Bertha Ochieng Dr. Nicholas Mangos

Coral Cara Ameena Zafar

Dr. Theodore Michael Christou Dr. Ksenija Napan

Dr. Tim MacNeill Dr. Roberto Bergami

Dr. Harison Mohd Sidek Dr. Deanna Nisbet

Dr. Dimitrios Vlachopoulos Dr. Paula Hodgson

Sharon Pelech Dr. James Moir

Dr. Kamil Dobeš Dr. Carmine Sellitto

Dr. Yun Yue Dr. Shannon Peterson

Dr. Rania Khalil Dr. Mohammad Essawi

Bradley Shrimpton Dr. Emanuele Achino

Dr. Jacqui Rogers Dr. Roshni Narendran

Dr. Denise Orpustan-Love Dr. Rosalie Otters

Prof. Golam M. Mathbor Dr. Szilvia Simai

Dr. Kuang-yun Ting Dr. Michael Perini

Prof. Sarah Higley Dr. Cory Callahan

Dr. Diane Costello Dr. Oana Mihaela Stoleriu

Dr. Chantal Mayer-Crittenden Haydée E. Sainz Gimeno

Heather Round Dr Steven Walker

Rex Perez Bringula Norma Joyner

Dr. Pnina Levi Wan Ummi Kalsom Meor Osman

Dr. Myra Suzanne Franco Dr. Nimisha H. Patel

Dr. Quynh Lê Shiri Kuzniz

Alexis M. McLaughlin Noor Asilah Nordin

Dr. Paul Throssell Dr. Helaine Alessio

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary EnvironmentalStudies - Volume 7

Associate Editors

Liliana Rodríguez-Campos Dr. Nicholas Mangos

Dr. David Bruce Lundberg Dr. Hülya Öztop

Prof. S. Perks Prof. Arzu Şener

Prof. Anthony Philip Williams Dr. Brenda Scott-Ladd

Dr. H.M. Sanjeev Kumar Dr. Emanuele Achino

Benefit Onu Dr. Jeffrey Perrin

Ker Ferguson Dra. Celia Ruiz de Oña

Assist. Prof. Dr. Billur Engin Balin Prof. Golam M. Mathbor

Dr. Oana Mihaela Stoleriu Brian Muzas

Dr Claudio Marciano

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies -Volume 7

Associate Editors

Dr. David K. Truscello Dr. Rodanthi Tzanelli

Dr. Tim MacNeill Dr. David Bruce Lundberg

Dr. Lynda S. Livingston Dr. Patricia B. Strait

Dr. R. Scott Smith Dr. Ayfer Aydıner Boylu

Shagufa Kapadia Dr. Sibel Erkal

Dr. S. A. Hamed Hosseini Dr. Christian R. Bellehumeur

Herr Lucky Daniel Tshireletso Dominic Hakim Silvio

Dr. Gouri Sankar Banerjee Dr. H.M. Sanjeev Kumar

Ann Maudsley Dr. Mohammad Essawi

Dr. Peter Stone Dr. Denise Orpustan-Love

Dr. Carl Hylton Dr. Oana Mihaela Stoleriu

Dr. Manon Robillard Dra Margarida Faria

Carlie D. Trott Dr. Chanchal Kumar

Dr. Nazli Sila Cesur Johnitha Watkins Johnson

Tony Kandaiya Shiri Kuzniz

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary OrganizationalStudies - Volume 7

Associate Editors

Dr. Langtone Maunganidze Dr. Nicholas Mangos

Dr. Ksenija Napan Prof. Valentine J. Belfiglio

Dr. Roberto Bergami Dr. Patricia B. Strait

Dr. Meena Chavan Dr. Kamil Dobeš

Dr. Carmine Sellitto Dr. Yun Yue

Dr. Brenda Scott-Ladd Annamarie Schuller

Dr. Gutu Olana Wayessa Dr. Uzma Mukhtar

Dr. Stacey Hills Dr. Denise Elizabeth Faifua

Dr. Barbara Burgess-Wilkerson Dr. Jacqui Rogers

Dr. Rasa Balockaite Dr. Christiana Ogheneluomeno Olokor

Dr. Erika Landau Dr. Carl Hylton

Prof. M. Tait Dr. Sonja Rizzolo

Dr. Antoni Seguí Alcaraz Merle Hearns

Dr. Monique Lortie Dr Indra Maipita

Dr. Casilda Güell Katarzyna Lewtak

Dr. Francisco Ródenas Rigla Anwar Rashaad Johnson

Tony Kandaiya Weng Marc Lim

Yong Ryung Lee Dr. Quynh Lê

Dr. Christina Mauléon

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social andCommunity Studies - Volume 7

Associate Editors

Dr. Bertha Ochieng Dr. Ksenija Napan

Dr. Jim Henry Dr. Roberto Bergami

Dr. R. Scott Smith Dr. Ayfer Aydıner Boylu

Dr. Joseph Adetunji Adepoju Shagufa Kapadia

Assist. Prof. Dr. Seher Cesur-Kılıçaslan Dr. Mervyn Wighting

Dr. Hülya Öztop Dr. S. A. Hamed Hosseini

Dr. William Pelech Prof. S. Perks

Dr. John Conahan Dr. Jonathan H. Westover

Dr. Yasin Kerem Gümüş Dr. Kam-yee Law

Ms. Nicole De Wet Herr Lucky Daniel Tshireletso

Dr. Ira Konstantinou Dominic Hakim Silvio

Dr. Ayse Belgin Aksoy Dr Arianti Ina Restiani Hunga

Chris Francovich Dr. Uzma Mukhtar

Dr. William L. Blizek Dr. Jacinta Byrne-Doran

Dr. Denise Elizabeth Faifua Dr. Michèle Minor-Corriveau

Dr Florin Oprescu Bradley Shrimpton

Brad Astbury Dr. Emanuele Achino

Dr. Denise Orpustan-Love Dr. Mir Rabiul Islam

Dr. Olga Achón Rodríguez Dr. Rosalie Otters

Dr. Muhammad Asif Malik Sheridy Leslie

Assist. Prof. Dr. Haluk Zulfikar Dr. Jeffrey Kamakahi

Karen Yu Prof. M. Tait

Cornelia R. Karger Eloisa G. Tamez

Prof. Quan V. Le Dr. Erik Schott

Helaine Ciporen Dr. Satu Uusiautti

Dr. Michael Perini Dr. Norma Rodriguez-Roldan

Dr. Jocelyn Handy Dr. Robert J. Reid

Dr. Pauline Garcia-Reid Mohd-Dan Jantan

Dr. Casilda Güell Dr Steven Walker

Dr. Emine Tahsin Prof. Ann Taket

Dr. Nazli Sila Cesur Dr. Michal Ostrovsky

Dr. Milana Hachaturova Dr. Mary S O’Halloran

Dr. Snjezana Bilic Anna Poznańska

Yong Ryung Lee Kainat Bashir

Sirima Ussawarakha Dr. Paolo Russu

Dr. Hyunsook Kang Dr. Jorge Garcés Ferrer

Carla Vidal Figueroa

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies inCommunication - Volume 7

Associate Editors

Dr. Tim MacNeill Dr. Masrur Alam Khan

Kenneth DiMaggio Aishwarya Padmanabhan

Assoc. Prof. Graham John Brewer Dr. James Moir

Dr. Marcelo E. K. Buzato Dr. Stephen Burgess

Bobi Ivanov Jo Kelly

Dr. Rania Khalil Prof. Ben Shacklette

Dr Florin Oprescu Oksana Jenenkova

Imen Ben Abda Dr. Darquise Lafrenière

Margaret Cavin Hambrick Dr. Roxanne Bélanger

Dr. Michael Perini Dr. Cory Callahan

Dr. Chantal Mayer-Crittenden Haydée E. Sainz Gimeno

Dr. Rosa Munoz-Luna David Fanany

Guadalupe Cantarero Dr. Paul Throssell

Roman Hájek

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences:Annual Review - Volume 8

Associate Editors

Scott Sworts Dr. Carlos Amunátegui Perelló

Dr. John W. Friesen Dr. Hedva Lewittes

Dr. Hülya Öztop Katy Goldstraw

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Civic and PoliticalStudies - Volume 8

Associate Editors

Dr. Sara Smits Keeney Dr. Ben Tafoya

Elizabeth Bissell Miller Maria Papanikolaou

Dr. Guido Baldi Douglas Neander Sambati

Emerald Archer Prof. Guida C. Man

Rhian Beutler Garrity Hill

Prof. Valentine J. Belfiglio Kelly Louise Anders

Prof. Fatos Tarifa Dominic Hakim Silvio

Dr. Azizi Bahauddin Dr. Petra Adolfsson

Dr. Denise Elizabeth Faifua Dr. Bonnie Ahn

Professor Dr. Myint Zan Dr. Matthew F. Filner

Dr. Omer Kurtbag Dr. Francisco Ródenas Rigla

Dr. Nancy Otis

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies -Volume 8

Associate Editors

Scott Sworts Dr. Dmitri Mikhalevski

Yaghma Kaby Anna Bohlin

Seval Şener Harika Esra Oskay

Meltem Karakuyu Prof. Alan Swope

Cody Carlos Rodriguez Dr. Mark Uchanski

Aida Zhupa Dr. Gina McDaniel Tarver

Nikolina Radmilo Rhian Beutler

Dr. Xiaoli Jiang Dr. Kerric Harvey

Dr. Cindy Hendricks Prof. Fatos Tarifa

Dr. James Moir Ming-chun Sinn

Somayeh Karimi Nick (Chi-Shu) Yeh

Dr. Bin Ai Dr. Bonnie Ahn

Dr. Kibar Evren Bolat Aydogan Javier Martinez

Dr. Fred J. Hay Dr. Iwona Kolodziejczyk

Anastasia Andreevna Sharapkova Tatiana Andreevna Komova

Dr. Aue Te Ava

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary EducationalStudies - Volume 8

Associate Editors

Jonas Rockhold Dr. Ronnie E. Mahler

Dr. Margaret B Bogan Kafenia Botsoglou

Sumon Kunwongse Wanna Charoenchang

Dr. Gonca Erim Virasuda Sribayak

Supansiri Vathakanon Dr. Sig Harden

Dr. David K. Truscello Dr. Anika Leithner

Serveh Naghshbandi Dr. Patricia McClung

Mohammed Farsi Prof. Anass Bayaga

Normah Ismail Michelle Ann Bakerson

Dr. Theodore Michael Christou Peter Unoh Bassey

Carlos F. Liard-Muriente Noriah Ismail

Dr. Mervyn Wighting Dr. Jena Švarcová

Dr. Christian R. Bellehumeur Dr. Kathryn Weaver

Assoc.Prof. Bena Gül Peker Dr. Charles Michael Were

Dr. Emanuele Achino Dr. Dolapo Adeniji-Neill

Intan Safinas Mohd Ariff Albakri Ulrika Florin

Dr. José Gutiérrez-Pérez Dr. Satu Uusiautti

Dr. Michael Perini Dr Steven Walker

Dr. Myra Suzanne Franco Dr. Tony Lawson

Dr. Iwona Kolodziejczyk Dr. Marilyn Whitney

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary EnvironmentalStudies - Volume 8

Associate Editors

Cecile Fattebert Anna Bohlin

Dr. Nuri Dogan Dr. Abiola Waliyu Aiyeola

Rishikesh Pandey Dr. Saber Miresmailli

Dr. Armando Garcia-Chiang Dr. Judith Rogers

Dr. Emanuele Achino Prof. Mabel Osakwe

Valerie Shoup Dr. Md. Abdullah Al Mamun

Mana Kanjanamaneesathian Andrew Butt

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies -Volume 8

Associate Editors

Dr. Nunzia Di Cristo Bertali Dr Annelie Sjölander Lindqvist

Emerald Archer Dr. Christine Giancarlo

Dr. Giuseppe Tommaso Cirella Dr. Achinto Roy

Janet Davey Dr. Hülya Öztop

Seval Güven Dr. Yasin Kerem Gümüş

Dr. Nancy Smee Prof. Mabel Osakwe

Dr. Alex Opoku Dr. Rasa Balockaite

Dr. Mayra Lopez Humphreys Dr. Olga Achón Rodríguez

Jonas Hill Dr. Michael Perini

Dr. Jim Paul

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary OrganizationalStudies - Volume 8

Associate Editors

Dr. Rick Chew Dr. Ayfer Aydıner Boylu

Dr. Christine B. Kleinpeter Dr. James Moir

Seval Güven Prof. Janis Paterson

Dr. Stanislas Bigirimana Dr. Alireza Ebrahimi

Assoc. Prof. Pinar Enneli Dr. Kevin R. Bush

Dr. Jeffrey Perrin Dr. J. Stephanie Collins

Dr. Craig Hinnenkamp Tatiana Andreevna Komova

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social andCommunity Studies - Volume 8

Associate Editors

Prof. Stephen Micheal Charter Dr. Dmitri Mikhalevski

Ilaria Elisea Scerrato Julie Leventhal

Karina Gunzenova Dr. Thanate Kitisriworaphan

Meltem Karakuyu Spreeha Debchaudhury

Alevtina Naumova Abida Eijaz

Luís Homem Roberto D'Autilia

Dr. Sara Terrell Dr. Yeqing Huang

Ildephonse Musafiri Lilach Marom

Aguir Mounir Dr. Liz Jackson

Barbara Backstrom Celia Kinuko Matsunaga

Dr. Girts Dimdins Dr. Cindy Hendricks

Janet Davey Dr. Hülya Öztop

Dr. Khaya Gqibitole Ponmalar N. Alagappar

Prof. Janis Paterson Dr. Ozge Gokdemir

Dr. Ira Konstantinou Dr. Paula Benevene

Dr. Brock Kilbourne Dr. F. Aysin K. Turhanoglu

Dr. Brenda Scott-Ladd Dr. Kevin R. Bush

Dr. Robert J. Griffore Prof. Zeynep Çopur

Dr. Jacinta Byrne-Doran Dr. Denise Elizabeth Faifua

Dr. Kibar Evren Bolat Aydogan Dr. Olga Achón Rodríguez

Dr. Jeffrey Perrin Dr. Darquise Lafrenière

Dr. Satu Uusiautti Dr. Sonja Rizzolo

Carlie D. Trott Prof. Ann Taket

Dr. Kee Jeong Kim Dr. Rebecca Rivera-Maestre

Dr. Sudata DebChaudhury Carla Vidal Figueroa

Katy Goldstraw Dr. Francisco Rodenas Rigla

Gülay Günay Dr. Iwona Kolodziejczyk

Ana Ferreira

The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies inCommunication - Volume 8

Associate Editors

Dr. Jarmila Hickman Isah Adamu

David Sherley Dr. Christine Giancarlo

Kelly Louise Anders Noriah Ismail

Dr. Mary FitzPatrick Dr. John Conahan

Dr. Elena-Madalina Vatamanescu Dr. Carmine Sellitto

Bobi Ivanov Dr. Cătălin Mamali

Paula Rama Silva Nick (Chi-Shu) Yeh

Dr. Samantha Kilbourne Brad Astbury

Dr. Jeļena Ļevina Dr. Jun (John) Xia

Dr. Chao-Neng Chan David Sinfield

Dr. Scott H. Clarke Aditi Kulkarni

Dr. Victoria de Zwaan Roman Hájek