Industry policy in Europe since the second world war (Eng) / Politica industrial europea desde la segunda guerra mundial (Ing) / Europear industri politika bigarren mundu gerraz geroztik

8/2/2019 Industry policy in Europe since the second world war (Eng) / Politica industrial europea desde la segunda guerra mu

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EBHY^XPECO ZAOENU EB IYPAZI ÊBNI XKI ÎNABH

VAPOH VCP= Vkcx Kc~ @iib Oicpbx1@u Fiapiu Avib

Hizcpxgibx al Gcbcfigibx/ Oabhab ^nkaao al Inabagen~

INEZI ANNCÊABCO ZCZIP Ba" 3!0:30

vvv"inezi"apf

ebaJinezi"apf Pyi @iooecph 8'0 +:%0 0;5 3>9:


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INEZI ANNCÊABCO ZCZIP

Ba" 3!0:30

I[INYXE\I ^YGGCPU

Zpagzxih ù xki pi|e|co a ebxipi~x eb ebhy~xpeco zaoenu eb ~i|ipco Iypazicb naybxpei~/ xke~zczip nab~ehip~ vkcx oi~~ab~ ncb ì oicpbih pag icpoeip Iypazicb i{zipeibni" Xki any~e~ gcebou ab ~inxapco ap xcpfixih ebhy~xpeco zaoenu/ hi~efbih xa egzpa|i xki zipapgcbni azcpxenyocp ebhy~xpei~"

êbni xki inabh Vapoh Vcp Iypazicb ebhy~xpeco zaoenu kc~ zc~~ih xkpayfk xva zkc~i~" Xkip~x/ ~xcpxebf eb xki 35


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Ba" 3!0:30

~kayoh i kape}abxco pcxkip xkcb ~inxapco/ cbh igìhhih eb c ~ix a zaoenei~ cbh eb~xexyxeab~vkenk zpagaxi nagzixexeab/ ibnaypcfi ebba|cxeab cbh cneoexcxi ebhy~xpeco nkcbfi"

3" EBXPAHYNXEAB

Ebhy~xpeco zaoenu eb Vi~xipb Iypazi kc~ fabi xkpayfk xva zkc~i~ ~ebni xki ibh a xkiînabh Vapoh Vcp cbh gcu bav ì eb xki icpou ~xcfi~ a c xkeph" Eb xki p~x zkc~i/ fa|ipb'gibx~ ~ayfkx xa egzpa|i xki zipapgcbni a xkiep bcxeabco ebhy~xpei~ cbh nagzcbei~ xkpayfkxcpfixih ebxip|ibxeab/ y~ebf c |cpeixu a xaao~ xkcx ebnoyhih ~y`~ehei~ ap pi~icpnk cbh hi|io'azgibx/ zpiipibxeco zpanypigibx ù zyòen cfibnei~/ cbh xki zpagaxeab a gipfip~"

Xki ~inabh zkc~i/ vkenk ifcb eb xki 35;:~ cbh nabxebyih ebxa xki 355:~ cbh icpou 0:::~/~cv c ~kex xavcph~ kape}abxco ap bab'~ioinxe|i zaoenei~ cegih cx egzpa|ebf xki y~ebi~~ noe'gcxi ap coo pg~/ cbh c fpicxip pioecbni ab nagzixexeab" Xke~ zipeah vc~ gcpdih u c hiiz'ibebf a inabagen ebxifpcxeab vexkeb xki Iypazicb Ybeab" @cppeip~ xa npa~~'àphip xpchicbh eb|i~xgibx vipi pihynih4 ~xcxi'nabxpaooih ~inxap~ ~ynk c~ ioinxpenexu cbh xioinaggy'

bencxeab~ vipi zcpxecoou oeìpcoe~ih4 cbh nyp`~ vipi egza~ih ab xki cèoexu a fa|ipbgibx~xa zpaxinx ap ~yzzapx xkiep ebhefibay~ nagzcbei~"

Xki i|ibx~ a xki oc~x iv uicp~ ~yffi~x xkcx xki xpibh xavcph~ bab'ebxip|ibxeab gcu kc|inagi xa c kcox" Xki bcbneco npe~e~ a 0::;':5 cbh xki ~i|ipi pini~~eab xkcx aooavih zpagzx'ih fa|ipbgibx~ xa fe|i bcbneco ~yzzapx/ bax my~x xa `cbd~/ `yx co~a xa axkip ebhy~xpei~/zpebnezcoou xki ncp gcbycnxypip~/ vkenk kch iib kcph kex u cooebf higcbh" Xki~i ebxip'|ibxeab~ vipi eb pi~zab~i xa i{nizxeabco i|ibx~/ yx ~iigih xa ebhencxi c fpicxip veooebfbi~~ab xki zcpx a fa|ipbgibx~ xa ~yzzapx ebhy~xpei~ ap nagzcbei~ xkcx vipi hiigih xa i xaaegzapxcbx xa ceo" Xkipi kc~ co~a iib c fpavebf cb{eixu/ czzcpibx iapi xki bcbneco npe~e~/càyx xki cèoexu a Iypazicb ebhy~xpu xa chczx xa xki nkcbfebf ebxipbcxeabco he|e~eab a oc' ayp cbh/ eb zcpxenyocp/ xa xki ~kex a gcbycnxypebf xa Nkebc cbh axkip igipfebf inabagei~"Xke~ kc~ ibnaypcfih xki |eiv xkcx xki cnxe|i eb|ao|igibx a fa|ipbgibx~ e~ bini~~cpu eIypazicb ebhy~xpu e~ xa ~xpibfxkib ex~ za~exeab eb dbavoihfi'ebxib~e|i ~inxap~ xkcx cpi oi~~|yobipcòi xa nagzixexeab pag oav'vcfi naybxpei~"

Cpfygibx~ ap ~agi apg a ebhy~xpeco zaoenu cpi co~a iebf gchi eb xki Y^/ u inabage~x~ c~vioo c~ y~ebi~~ oichip~" Abi a xki cb{eixei~ xkipi e~ vkixkip xki a~kapebf a zpahynxeab+cbh ~agi hi~efb xc~d~% xa oav'vcfi naybxpei~ eb ioinxpaben~ cbh axkip ebhy~xpei~ gcu kc|inabxpe`yxih xa zip~e~xibxou kefk ybigzoaugibx/ c~ vioo c~ vicdibih xki naybxpu~ ebba|c'xe|i nczcnexu" Vkcx xki fa|ipbgibx ncb ha xa ~oav havb xke~ zpani~~ e~ bax noicp/ yx xkipicpi ~agi eblyibxeco |aeni~ ch|ancxebf xcpfixih ~yzzapx ap xinkbaoafei~ xkcx cpi oediou xa aa~x xki gcbycnxypebf ~inxap cbh xa fibipcxi kefk'vcfi ma`~"

Kav xa hibi xki fa|ipbgibx~ paoi/ cbh vkcx xki `cocbni ~kayoh ì ìxviib kape}abxcocbh ~inxapco zaoenei~/ e~ xki ~y`minx a cnxe|i hi`cxi ab axk ~ehi~ a xki Cxocbxen" Xki zypza~ia xke~ zczip e~ xa nabxpe`yxi xa xki hi`cxi u pi|eivebf xki i|aoyxeab a ebhy~xpeco zaoenu ebIypazi ~ebni xki inabh Vapoh Vcp" Xki zczip he~ny~~i~ ebhy~xpeco zaoenu axk cx bcxeabcooi|io/ any~ebf gcebou ab xki YD/ Fipgcbu cbh Lpcbni/ cbh cx Iypazicb oi|io" Xki ceg e~ xaehibxeu ~ynni~~i~ c~ vioo c~ ceoypi~/ hpcvebf ab Cgipencb cbh Mczcbi~i c~ vioo c~ Iypazicbi{zipeibni/ cbh xa hpcv ~agi nabnoy~eab~ càyx vkcx zaoenei~ cpi oediou xa ì iinxe|i ebxki nyppibx nepnyg~xcbni~"


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Ba" 3!0:30

3"3" HILEBEXEAB^

Ebhy~xpeco zaoenu ncb i hibih eb ~i|ipco heipibx vcu~" Eb xke~ zczip xki xipg e~ y~ihxa piip xa gic~ypi~ xcdib ù fa|ipbgibx~ xa `pebf càyx ebhy~xpeco ayxnagi~ heipibx pagxka~i xkcx vayoh pi~yox e gcpdix~ vipi cooavih pii pieb" Xki~i gic~ypi~ gcu i kape}abxcoeb nkcpcnxip/ cinxebf coo pg~/ ap ~zinen xa zcpxenyocp ~inxap~ ap nagzcbei~"

Xki ocxxip gcu ebnoyhi= xki zpagaxeab a ebcbx ap lihfoebf ebhy~xpei~ eb xki kazi xkcx/xkpayfk fa|ipbgibx c~~e~xcbni/ xkiu veoo inagi zpaxcòi cbh ebxipbcxeabcoou nagzixexe|i4~yzzapx ap xki pi~xpynxypebf cbh gahipbe~cxeab a ebhy~xpei~ xkcx cpi pifcphih c~ egzapxcbx incy~i a xkiep paoi c~ igzoauip~ ap i{zapxip~/ ap incy~i a xkiep oebd~ xa bcxeabco hiibni/ap ìncy~i xkiu zpahyni xinkbaoafu xkcx veoo ì y~ih eb axkip zcpx~ a xki inabagu4 xkinpicxeab a bcxeabco nkcgzeab~ xkpayfk fa|ipbgibx'ebhynih gipfip~4 cbh xki pi~nyi aceoebf pg~"

Ebhy~xpeco zaoenu e~ noa~iou oebdih xa xinkbaoafu zaoenu" Xki ocxxip piip~ xa xki zaoenei~ cbheb~xexyxeab~ xkpayfk vkenk fa|ipbgibx~ ~iid xa ibnaypcfi xki hi|ioazgibx cbh i{zoaexc'xeab a ch|cbnih xinkbaoafei~"3 Kipi/ xaa/ xki zaoenu eb~xpygibx~ gcu ì kape}abxco ap

i{cgzoi/ xc{ ebnibxe|i~ ap pi~icpnk cbh hi|ioazgibx ap hepinxih cx zcpxenyocp ebhy~xpei~~ynk c~ èaxinkbaoafu ap ebapgcxeab xinkbaoafu"

Xke~ zczip xpicx~ ebhy~xpeco zaoenu cbh xinkbaoafu zaoenu xafixkip/ ~ebni axk cpi hepinxih cxxki ~cgi a`minxe|i/ egzpa|ebf ebhy~xpeco zipapgcbni/ cbh àxk kc|i iib i{xib~e|iou y~iheb Iypazi ~ebni xki înabh Vapoh Vcp"0

Xki xkiapixenco nc~i ap ebhy~xpeco zaoenu e~ xkcx ex e~ bini~~cpu xa a~ix gcpdix ceoypi~" Ga~xinabage~x~ cnnizx xkcx fa|ipbgibx ~yzzapx ap `c~en ~neibxen pi~icpnk/ nabhynxih zpebne'zcoou eb ybe|ip~exei~ cbh zyòen ocàpcxapei~/ e~ my~xeih ìncy~i xki gcpdix nagzixexeabcgabf zpe|cxi'~inxap pg~ ncbbax i pioeih yzab xa fibipcxi eb|i~xgibx eb pi~icpnk cx xki

~anecoou hi~epcòi oi|io" ynni~~yo eb|ibxap~ cpi bax còi xa ~inypi coo a xki ìbix~ a xkiephe~na|ipei~/ i|ib vexk cb iinxe|i zcxibx ~u~xig4 xkiu ~kcpi xki~i ibix~ vexk ny~xagip~/cbh vexk egexcxap~" Xky~ xki ~aneco ibix~ pag c~en pi~icpnk ncb i{niih xki pixypb~ xkcxc zpe|cxi'~inxap pg ncb a`xceb pag eb|i~xebf eb xke~ cnxe|exu"> C nibxpco syi~xeab eb xkiebhy~xpeco zaoenu hi`cxi e~ kav cp xki gcpdix ceoypi cpfygibx my~xei~ ebxip|ibxeab havb'~xpicg/ xa ~yzzapx xki zpahynxeab a faah~ ap ~ip|eni~ vkenk vayoh bapgcoou i ~yzzoeihxkpayfk xki gcpdix ap i{cgzoi/ xa npicxi ap ibocpfi ebhy~xpei~ vkenk cpi zaxibxecoou |coy'còi xa xki inabagu yx eb vkenk zpe|cxi nagzcbei~ cpi pioynxcbx xa eb|i~x"

Axkip zaoenei~ vkenk cinx ebhy~xpeco zipapgcbni/ cbh vkenk xa ~agi i{xibx a|ipocz vexkebhy~xpeco zaoenu/ cpi nagzixexeab zaoenu/ xpchi zaoenu cbh ihyncxeab cbh xpcebebf zaoenu" Fa|'ipbgibx~ ncb nkaa~i/ vexkeb xki oegex~ egza~ih ù ebxipbcxeabco xpchebf pyoi~/ kav gynk

viefkx xa fe|i xa nagzixexeab/ axk ebxipbco nagzixexeab cbh nagzixexeab pag egzapx~/ c~ c~zyp xa ebhy~xpeco ineibnu/ cbh kav ef c paoi apiefb nagzcbei~ ~kayoh zocu eb xkiep inaba'gei~" Eb ihyncxeab cbh xpcebebf/ naybxpei~ heip eb xki vcu xki ~yzzou a ~deoo~ e~ apfcbe~ih/cbh eb xki i{xibx xa vkenk ybe|ip~exei~ ~ip|i xki biih~ a ebhy~xpu" Bcxeabco zaoenu eb cooxki~i cpic~ ncb kc|i cx oic~x c~ ef cb egzcnx ab xki ~xpynxypi cbh zipapgcbni a ebhy~xpuc~ ebhy~xpeco zaoenu"


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Ba" 3!0:30

0" XKI LEP^X ZKCÎ= LPAG XKI 359:^ XA XKI 35;:^

Xki eggihecxi xc~d cnebf Iypazicb fa|ipbgibx~ cxip 3589 vc~ xa pizcep xki hcgcfincy~ih ù xki vcp cbh xa pi'i~xcòe~k c vioo'ybnxeabebf zicnixegi inabagu" Xki oabfip'xipg nkcooibfi vc~ xa i{zoaex xki xinkbenco cbh apfcbe~cxeabco ebba|cxeab~ xkcx kch ìibgchi ù Cgipencb nagzcbei~ ìapi cbh hypebf xki vcp/ cbh xa pce~i zpahynxe|exu noa~ip

xa Y^ oi|io~" Eb ~xiio/ ap i{cgzoi/ cb icpou zpeapexu vc~ xa eb~xcoo nabxebyay~ kax ~xpez geoo~/vkenk kch ìib vehiou chazxih eb xki Y^ ap gcdebf kefk'sycoexu ~kiix ~xiio ap xki ncpgcbycnxypip~" Vkixkip ap bax xkiu vipi hepinxou avbih u xki ~xcxi/ ga~x Iypazicb ~xiionagzcbei~ vipi fe|ib bcbneco c~~e~xcbni/ ~agi a ex nagebf pag Gcp~kcoo Zocb ybh~/ xabcbni xki gahipbe~cxeab a xkiep cnxapei~"8

Axkip ebhy~xpei~ vkenk vipi ~iib c~ c~en xa xki kicoxk a xki inabagu/ ~ynk c~ naco/ ioinxpen'exu cbh pceovcu~/ co~a pinie|ih fa|ipbgibx ~yzzapx eb xki icpou za~x'vcp uicp~" agi a xkigvipi xcdib a|ip u xki ~xcxi/ cbh pigcebih eb xki zyòen ~inxap ybxeo xki zpe|cxe~cxeab~ a xki35;:~ cbh 355:~" Kavi|ip/ bcxeabcoe~cxeab vc~ bax oebdih xa ebhy~xpeco zaoenu eb xki ~ib~i ebvkenk xkcx xipg ncgi xa i y~ih eb ocxip uicp~"

Xki egzixy~ ap fpicxip fa|ipbgibx cnxe|e~g eb xki 35


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3 Xki zpagaxeab a gipfip~ vc~ ba oabfip ~iib c~ c kefk zpeapexu/ yx xki ~ynni~~apxa xki EPN/ xki Bcxeabco Ibxipzpe~i @acph +BI@%/ vc~ fe|ib vehi zavip~ xa eb|i~x eb nag'zcbei~/ xa zpa|ehi ybh~ ap biv zpahynx hi|ioazgibx cbh xa npicxi biv |ibxypi~ eb ~inxap~xkcx vipi xkayfkx xa i a ~xpcxifen egzapxcbni" Kavi|ip/ Ocàyp~ kazi xkcx xki biv cfibnuvayoh zocu c nibxpco paoi eb gahipbe~ebf @pexe~k ebhy~xpu vc~ hc~kih ù xki pini~~eab vkenkaooavih xki sychpyzoebf a vapoh aeo zpeni~ cx xki ibh a 356>" C~ xki pini~~eab hiizibih/xki BI@ ncgi xa cnx gcebou c~ c ka~zexco ap vaybhih nagzcbei~">0

Xki èffi~x a xki ocgi hynd~ vc~ @pexe~k Oiuocbh/ vkenk vc~ `chou kex ù xki coo eb ncp~coi~ cbh kch xa xypb xa xki fa|ipbgibx ap bcbneco ~yzzapx" Cxip xki fa|ipbgibx kchcfpiih xa ~xcbh ikebh xki nagzcbu~ hi`x~/ Oaph Puhip/ kich a xki BI@/ vc~ c~dih xa vapd

ayx c zocb ap pi~xapebf @pexe~k Oiuocbh xa kicoxk" Puhip~ zpaza~co~/ vkenk vipi cnnizxih u xki fa|ipbgibx/ ncooih ap cb ebminxeab a a|ip 3`b ebxa xki nagzcbu a|ip cb iefkx'uicpzipeah/ vexk ga~x a xki gabiu nagebf pag xki xc{zcuip">> Xki Puhip zocb vc~ `c~ih abxki c~~ygzxeab/ yb~yzzapxih u i|ehibni ap cbcou~e~/ xkcx c pi|e|ih @pexe~k Oiuocbh vayoh i còi xa nagzixi zpaxcòu eb coo ~ifgibx~ a xki ncp cbh xpynd gcpdix"

î|ipco axkip xpayòih nagzcbei~ ncgi ebxa xki BI@~ aoh/ ebnoyhebf Copih Kipìpx/ xkinaybxpu~ ocpfi~x gcnkebi xaao gcdip/ cbh Lippcbxe/ c oichebf ioinxpaben~ pg" Xki BI@ co~aebkipexih xki fa|ipbgibx~ ~kcpikaohebf eb ENO/ vkenk vc~ ebnpic~ih xa 09 zip nibx xkpayfkxki zypnkc~i a ~kcpi~ pag xki xva zpe|cxi'~inxap ~kcpikaohip~/ FIN cbh Zoi~~iu" Xki nag'zcbu zipapgih ixxip hypebf xke~ zipeah/ cbh/ coxkayfk ex nabxebyih xa ibix pag zpiip'

ibxeco zpanypigibx cbh pag P , H fpcbx~/ xkipi ~iigih c pic~abcòi zpa~zinx xkcx ex gefkx i còi xa vicb ex~io a fa|ipbgibx ~yzzapx" Xki ~kcpi zpeni eb 3565 pa~i xa ex~ kefki~x oi|io~ebni xki nagzcbu~ npicxeab eb 35::/ vipi zendebf yz cxip c


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Ba" 3!0:30

~oav ~xcpx +ex kch gchi c npyneco picdxkpayfk eb xki Y^ eb 356; vkib ex vab cb aphip pagIc~xipb Cepoebi~%/ Gebe~xip~ vipi hay`xyo vkixkip xki zpaminx vayoh i|ip ~kav cb chisycxipixypb" Kavi|ip/ xkiu vipi ybhip zpi~~ypi pag axkip Iypazicb fa|ipbgibx~ xa ~kav xkiepnaggexgibx xa Iypazicb naoocàpcxeab/ cbh pag @pexe~k Cipa~zcni/ vkenk icpih xkcx eex cnnizxih xki @aiebf zpaza~co ex vayoh ì pihynih xa xki ~xcxy~ a c ~y`'nabxpcnxap" Xki

fa|ipbgibx pimaebih xki Cep`y~ nab~apxeyg c~ c yoo zcpxbip/ cbh zpa|ehih 3::g eb ocybnkceh ap @pexe~k Cipa~zcni~ nabxpe`yxeab xa xki bi{x gigìp a xki Cep`y~ cgeou/ xki C>3:"

Xki YD~ zaoenu xavcph~ ne|eo cepoebip~ kch ìib ippcxen/ cbh xki ~cgi vc~ xpyi a bynoicpzavip" @u 356: ex vc~ noicp xkcx xki hine~eab xa fa ap xki @pexe~k'hi~efbih CFP kch iib cge~xcdi/ cbh xki zpebnezco azipcxap/ xki Nibxpco Ioinxpenexu Fibipcxebf @acph/ vc~ zpi~~ebfap c ~vexnk xa xki Cgipencb oefkx vcxip picnxap" Xke~ gcpdih xki ~xcpx a c oibfxku hi`cxicàyx picnxap nkaeni/ xki ayxnagi a vkenk/ eb 356;/ kc~ ìib hi~npeìh c~ c xpyou @pex'e~k nagzpage~i" Xva gapi CFP~ vayoh i aphipih cbh cx xki ~cgi xegi xki fa|ipbgibxvayoh i{cgebi xki azxeab a ebxpahynebf xki oefkx vcxip picnxap eb xki icpou 35;:~">< Xkiiinx a xki CFP hi`cnoi cbh xki oabf zipeah a ybnipxcebxu vc~ xa hi~xpau cbu kazi xkcx

bynoicp zavip gefkx i xki c~e~ a c ~ynni~~yo @pexe~k i{zapx ebhy~xpu"Xki xkpicx a Y^ hagebcxeab vc~ c zavipyo eblyibni ab fa|ipbgibx zaoenu xavcph~ kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~ hypebf xke~ zipeah/ yx Gebe~xip~ vipi vpabf xa ~yzza~i xkcx Cgip'enc~ nagzixexe|i ~xpibfxk hipe|ih gcebou pag |ipu ocpfi nagzcbei~ ~ynk c~ E@G" Gynk axki hubcge~g a Cgipencb ebhy~xpu/ i~zinecoou eb kefk'xinkbaoafu ~inxap~/ ncgi pag bivibxpcbx~ ibxpizpibiypeco pg~ xkcx vipi axib ixxip còi xkcb aoh'i~xcòe~kih nagzcbei~xa ybhip~xcbh cbh i{zoaex biv xinkbaoafenco azzapxybexei~" C noc~~en i{cgzoi vc~ Ebxio/aybhih eb 35


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Ba" 3!0:30

iib xa zaoexene~i hine~eab'gcdebf cbh xa hiocu chmy~xgibx xa gcpdix nkcbfi~"83 Yboegexihcnni~~ xa zyòen ybh~/ c~ eb xki @pexe~k Oiuocbh nc~i/ kch xki iinx a eb~yocxebf gcbcfip~cbh igzoauii~ pag xki picoexei~ a xki gcpdix"

0"0" LPCBNICgabf Iypazicb naybxpei~ Lpcbni e~ xki abi vkenk kc~ ga~x nab~e~xibxou y~ih xki zavipa xki ~xcxi xa ~yzzapx ~ioinxih ebhy~xpei~ cbh nagzcbei~/ i~zinecoou xka~i oebdih xa bcxeabcohiibni cbh ebpc~xpynxypi" Xke~ vc~ i~zinecoou xpyi eb xki p~x xkepxu uicp~ cxip xki vcp"Cxip xki geh'35;:~ xki i{xibx a ~xcxi ebxip|ibxeab vc~ fpicxou pihynih c~ Lpcbni chazxihgapi oeìpco zaoenei~" I|ib xahcu/ kavi|ip/ xki nabnizx a xki ~xcxi c~ xki zpaxinxap a xkibcxeab~ ebhy~xpeco c~~ix~ kc~ bax fabi cvcu"

Eb 3589 Lpibnk ebhy~xpu/ cxip xva hinchi~ a ybhip'eb|i~xgibx/ ypfibxou biihih gahipbe'~cxeab/ cbh xki zpe|cxi ~inxap vc~ eb ba ~xcxi xa bcbni ex" Xa pigihu xki~i vicdbi~~i~ xkip~x za~x'vcp fa|ipbgibx~ y~ih xva zpebnezco eb~xpygibx~= bcxeabcoe~cxeab/ pebfebf ga~x a

xki c~en ebhy~xpei~/ ebnoyhebf naco/ ioinxpenexu cbh fc~/ ebxa zyòen avbip~kez4 cbh c ~u~xiga ebhencxe|i zocbbebf xkpayfk vkenk xki fa|ipbgibx xcpfixih kefk'zpeapexu ~inxap~ cbhib~ypih xkcx ybh~ vipi gchi c|ceocòi/ ga~xou xkpayfk ~xcxi'avbih cbd~/ xa ~yzzapx biveb|i~xgibx" Xki abou ocpfi gcbycnxypebf nagzcbu xa i xcdib a|ip vc~ Pibcyox" Xke~ vc~bax habi ap ebhy~xpeco ap inabagen pic~ab~/ `yx eb pixcoecxeab ap xki avbip~ cooifih nao'ocàpcxeab vexk xki Bc}e~ hypebf xki vcp4 xki gcbcfip~ a Pibcyox/ xkayfk czzaebxih u xki~xcxi/ vipi cooavih xa pyb xki `y~ebi~~ vexk c kefk hifpii a cyxabagu" 80

Xkipi vipi co~a ga|i~ xa ~xpibfxkib xki naybxpu~ nczcèoexei~ eb ~neibxen pi~icpnk" XkiNibxpi Bcxeabco hi oc Pinkipnki neibxesyi +NBP^%/ vkenk kch iib ~ix yz my~x iapi xkivcp/ vc~ piapfcbe~ih cbh fe|ib c gcbhcxi xa hi|ioaz cbh naaphebcxi coo Lpibnk ~neibni" Bivxinkbenco cfibnei~ vipi npicxih xa ybhipxcdi pi~icpnk eb xioinaggybencxeab~/ cipabcyxen~cbh ibipfu" Pi~icpnk ebxa bynoicp zavip/ cbh ocxip bynoicp viczab~/ vc~ ibxpy~xih xa xkiNagge~~cpecx obipfei Cxagesyi +NIC%" Xki~i eb~xexyxeab~ kiozih xa a~ix xki vicdbi~~a pi~icpnk eb ybe|ip~exei~ cbh xki c`~ibni eb Lpcbni a xki ocpfi/ nagzcbu'avbih ocàpcxa'pei~ vkenk i{e~xih eb Fipgcbu cbh xki Y^" 8>

@u xki icpou 359:~/ hi~zexi zaoexenco eb~xcèoexu cbh nkpaben eblcxeab +oichebf xa ~i|ipco hi'|coycxeab~ a xki pcbn%/ xki inabagu vc~ fpavebf cx c ~cxe~cnxapu pcxi" Ayx~ehi xki zyòen~inxap/ kavi|ip/ xkipi vc~ oexxoi nkcbfi eb xki ~xpynxypi a ebhy~xpu/ gynk a vkenk nab~e~xiha ~gcoo/ cgeou'avbih pg~" ^ynk pg~ nayoh zpa~zip c~ oabf c~ xkiu vipi zpaxinxih ùkefk xcpe~/ `yx xkcx ~exycxeab ncgi xa cb ibh vexk Lpcbni~ hine~eab xa maeb vexk Fipgcbueb npicxebf xki Naggab Gcpdix eb 3596" C~ xcpe cppeip~ ncgi havb Lpibnk ebhy~xpu vc~

apnih xa chczx xa c gapi higcbhebf gcpdix/ gchi coo xki gapi nagzixexe|i u xki zpi~ibnia Cgipencb nagzcbei~ xkcx vipi ~xizzebf yz xkiep azipcxeab~ eb Iypazi" Xki 35


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Ba" 3!0:30

a|ip ap xvio|i uicp~/ vc~ xa ~c|i Lpcbni" Xke~ gicbx geoexcpu ebhizibhibni/ vexkayx vkenkba ~xcxi vc~ xpyou ~a|ipiefb4 inabagen ebhizibhibni/ vexkayx vkenk ba ~xcxi vc~ gc~xipa ex~ avb kay~i4 cbh xinkbaoafenco pi|aoyxeab/ vexkayx vkenk ba ~xcxi nayoh gcebxceb xkip~x xva nabhexeab~" 89

Ab xki geoexcpu ~ehi/ vapd ab hi|ioazebf cb cxagen àg` kch ìfyb eb 3598/ cbh xki zpa'fpcggi vc~ cnnioipcxih cxip hi Fcyooi~ pixypb xa zavip" Xki icpou uicp~ a ke~ zpi~ehibnu~cv kic|u eb|i~xgibx eb geoexcpu cepnpcx cbh ge~~eoi~/ npicxebf cb Cgipencb'~xuoi geoexcpu'ebhy~xpeco nagzoi{ vkenk ebnoyhih zpe|cxi ~inxap pg~ ~ynk c~ Hc~~cyox/ xki zpebnezco gcby'cnxypip a geoexcpu cepnpcx/ cbh Gcxpc/ c ~zinecoe~x eb hiibni ioinxpaben~/ c~ vioo c~ ~i|ipcobcxeabcoe~ih nabnipb~" Fa|ipbgibx ~yzzapx xaad xki apg a zyòen zpanypigibx/ ~y`~ehe~ihpi~icpnk/ ~y`~ehe~ih i{zapx~ cbh ebhy~xpeco hezoagcnu/ xafixkip vexk oabf'xipg pi~icpnk cbhzpahynxeab nabxpcnx~ pag xki Gebe~xpu a Hiibni"8


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Ba" 3!0:30

y~ebi~~/ i~na~ig/ incgi xki bcxeabco nkcgzeab eb vkcx vc~ ~iib c~ c |excoou egzapxcbx~inxap a xki ioinxpaben~ ebhy~xpu"9:

Xki zpebnezoi ìkebh xki Zocb Nconyo/ c~ a axkipfpcbh~ zpamix~ ebexecxih hypebf hi Fcyooi~zpi~ehibnu/ vc~ vkcx oei Nakib kc~ hi~npeìh c~ aib~e|i zpaxinxeabe~g" Xki ~a|ipiefb

~xcxi npicxi~ xki gicb~ a cnnygyocxeab a ~neibxen cbh bcbneco pi~aypni~" Ex zpa|ehi~ y'xypi bcxeabco nkcgzeab~ vexk fpcbx~/ ~inypi gcpdix~ xkpayfk zyòen zpanypigibx zaoenei~/cbh zpi|ibx~ apiefb ibxpu" 93 Xki iinx vc~ xa npicxi noa~i xei~ ixviib xki fa|ipbgibx cbhc fpayz a c|aypih nagzcbei~ vkenk hizibhih ab xki ~xcxi ap c ocpfi zcpx a xkiep y~ebi~~"

Abi a xki ibinecpei~ vc~ NFI/ vkenk xkpayfk c ~ipei~ a gipfip~ cbh cnsye~exeab~ oexihex~io ebxa xki pabx pcbd a Lpibnk ebhy~xpu4 xki bygìp a ex~ igzoauii~ pa~i pag >>/:::eb 35


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Ba" 3!0:30

Vexk axk bynoicp zavip cbh xki XF\ xki ny~xagip vc~ xki fa|ipbgibx ap c fa|ipbgibxcfibnu/ cbh ex vc~ eb ebhy~xpei~ a xke~ debh vkipi Lpibnk ebhy~xpeco zaoenu vc~ ga~x iin'xe|i" Eb ebhy~xpei~ vkipi xki ibh'y~ip~ vipi he~zip~ih cbh oi~~ eblyibnih u xki ~xcxi/ xkiLpibnk czzpacnk vapdih oi~~ vioo" Bavkipi vc~ xke~ noicpip xkcb eb nagzyxip~" @u 3563 xkicg`exeab~ ~ix ap NEE/ xki nagzyxip nagzcbu/ vipi c oabf vcu pag iebf cnkei|ih" Ex ~xeoo

kch c |ipu ~gcoo ~kcpi a xki Lpibnk gcpdix/ vkenk vc~ hagebcxih u E@G/ cbh ex vc~ cpioupizpi~ibxih eb axkip Iypazicb naybxpei~"

Xa pibiv ex~ zpahynx pcbfi/ ypxkip fa|ipbgibx ~yzzapx vc~ bini~~cpu/ cbh xke~ vc~ zpa'|ehih ybhip xki ~inabh Zocb Nconyo/ ocybnkih eb 3563" Cx xke~ zaebx c za~~e`oi Iypazicb ~a'oyxeab igipfih" eigib~ eb Fipgcbu kch ibxipih xki ebhy~xpu vexk ex~ avb nagzyxip~/ yx u xki icpou 35


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3!68" Xki fa|ipbgibx aybh ex~io ybhip zpi~~ypixa c~~e~x aohip ebhy~xpei~ vkenk vipi eb c hepi bcbneco ~exycxeab incy~i a cooebf higcbh"Xki vap~x npe~e~ vc~ eb ~xiio/ ~xeoo zpe|cxiou avbih `yx kic|eou hizibhibx ab ~yzzapx pagxki fa|ipbgibx" Eb 356; Fe~ncph vc~ apnih xa xcdi iinxe|i nabxpao a xki xva effi~x ~xiio

nagzcbei~/ Y~ebap cbh ^cneoap/ eb aphip xa ~c|i xkig pag `cbdpyzxnu" Vexk ~kez`yeohebfcbh axkip he~xpi~~ih ~inxap~ zpi~~ebf ap fa|ipbgibx c~~e~xcbni/ c ~xcxi vkenk kch fpaagihbcxeabco nkcgzeab~ vc~ bav iihebf ocgi hynd~ "


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Ba" 3!0:30

igipfebf c~ \aod~vcfib~ ~xpabfi~x nagzixexap cx xki kefk'|aoygi/ oav'zpeni ibh a xkigcpdix" Coxkayfk Pibcyox vc~ avbih ù xki ~xcxi/ xke~ cnkei|igibx ncbbax ì cxxpe`yxihxa ebhy~xpeco zaoenu" âgi gipfip~ cbh cnsye~exeab~ xaad zocni hypebf xke~ zipeah +baxcòuZiyfiax~ zypnkc~i a Nexpaib/ cbh ex~ ocxip xcdia|ip a Nkpu~oip~ Iypazicb azipcxeab~%/ yx/eb nabxpc~x xa xki npicxeab a @pexe~k Oiuocbh eb xki YD/ xkiu vipi bax apnki~xpcxih ù xki

fa|ipbgibx" agi oix'vebf zaoexenecb~ kazih xkcx Pibcyox cbh Ziyfiax gefkx fix xafixkipxa apg c Lpibnk Fibipco Gaxap~/ yx xkipi vc~ bi|ip cbu za~~eèoexu xkcx xki ipniou ebhi'zibhibx Ziyfiax cgeou vayoh nabxigzocxi inagebf c`~apìh ebxa c ~xcxi'avbih fpayz"

Vkipi xki fa|ipbgibx heh ebxip|ibi xa npicxi c bcxeabco nkcgzeab/ xki pi~yox~ vipi ge{ih/vexk ceoypi~ ~ynk c~ nagzyxip~ cbh gcnkebi xaao~" FIPGCBU

E ebhy~xpeco zaoenu e~ xcdib xa gicb c fa|ipbgibx~ cnxe|i ~kczebf a xki ebhy~xpeco~xpynxypi a c naybxpu cbh cxxigzxebf xa hepinx ex~ zipgcbibx gahipbe~cxeab/ xkib ~ynk czaoenu nayoh bax ì ~ceh xa i{e~x eb Vi~x Fipgcbu"


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Ba" 3!0:30

Xki Fipgcb inabagen gepcnoi xkcx ifcb eb xki 359:~ vc~ bax xki pi~yox a ebhy~xpeco zaoenu/`yx ybhipzebbih ù c `pachip ~ix a zaoenei~ a vkenk xki zpagaxeab a nagzixexeab cbhazibbi~~ xa apiefb xpchi vipi zpa`còu xki ga~x egzapxcbx" Xa c gynk fpicxip i{xibx xkcbLpcbni ap xki YD/ Fipgcbu vc~ xki zcni'~ixxip ap xpchi oeìpcoe~cxeab eb Iypazi"

âgi a Fipgcbu~ eb~xexyxeab~/ ~ynk c~ xki |ancxeabco xpcebebf ~u~xig cbh xki noa~i naaz'ipcxeab ìxviib `cbd~ cbh ebhy~xpu/ kch hiiz ke~xapenco paax~" Xkipi vc~ nabxebyexu/ xaa/eb ~neibni zaoenu" Xkipi kch iib c oabf xpchexeab a ~xcxi ~yzzapx ap ~neibxen pi~icpnk/ ebybe|ip~exei~ cbh eb fa|ipbgibx pi~icpnk ocàpcxapei~/ xkpayfk xki Gc{ Zocbnd aneixu" Xki~icppcbfigibx~ vipi piebapnih cxip xki vcp u xki npicxeab a xki Lpcybkaip aneixu/ vkenkcnxih c~ c pehfi ixviib c~en pi~icpnk eb zyòen ocàpcxapei~ cbh czzoeih pi~icpnk eb ebhy~'xpu"


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Ba" 3!0:30

gibx eb xki hi|ioazgibx a biv zpahynx~ cbh zpani~~i~" @u nabxpc~x/ Fipgcbu heh bax zpa'|ehi c nabhyne|i ib|epabgibx ap ebhy~xpei~ ~ynk c~ nagzyxip~ cbh ~igenabhynxap~ vkipixkipi vc~ gynk fpicxip xinkbaoafenco ybnipxcebxu"

Fipgcbu gchi c ~oav ~xcpx eb kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~ cxip xki vcp ìncy~i a xki pi'

~xpenxeab~ egza~ih ù xki Cooeih cyxkapexei~" Xki~i nabxpao~ vipi oexih eb 3599/ cbh cx xkcxzaebx xki fa|ipbgibx ~ayfkx xa pina|ip xki fpaybh xkcx kch ìib oa~x" C biv fa|ipbgibxhizcpxgibx xki Gebe~xpu ap Cxagen Syi~xeab~ vc~ npicxih xa ~yzzapx hi|ioazgibx vapdeb bynoicp ibipfu4 ex~ pi~zab~eèoexei~ vipi ocxip i{xibhih xa ibnagzc~~ ~zcni pi~icpnk" Eb35


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Ba" 3!0:30

C~ Axxa Dind kc~ vpexxib/ xki ihipco fa|ipbgibx vc~ ki~excbx eb c~~ygebf pi~zab~eèoexei~ap ~neibni cbh xinkbaoafu/ cbh vkipi ex heh/ c~ eb bynoicp zavip/ cipa~zcni cbh ioinxpabenhcxc zpani~~ebf/ ex~ zpafpcggi~ ap ~yzzapxebf ebhy~xpeco xinkbaoafu vipi ebiinxe|i"69@yx e Fipgcbu~ apcu~ ebxa ebxip|ibxeabe~x ebhy~xpeco zaoenu ìxviib xki 359:~ cbh xki356:~ vipi ga~xou yb~ynni~~yo/ xkiu vipi xaa ~gcoo xa kc|i gynk egzcnx ab xki vehip inab'

agu" Fipgcbu c|aehih xki ge~xcdi~ gchi eb Lpcbni cbh xki YD/ cbh ex~ ebhy~xpeco ~xpibfxknabxebyih xa ì `c~ih ab giheyg'xinkbaoafu ~inxap~ eb vkenk ebxip|ibxeabe~x zaoenu kchzocuih ba zcpx"

0"8" EBHY^XPECO ZAOENU CX XKI IYPAZICB OI\IO

Xkpayfkayx xki 35


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Ba" 3!0:30

Xki~i zaoexenco na~x~ vipi xki piga|co a zpaxinxeab ap bcxeabco pg~ eb zyòen gcpdix~ ap~xpcxifen xinkbaoafei~/ cb i{zoenex veooebfbi~~ xa ìnagi gapi hizibhibx ab Iypazicbbiefkàyp~ cbh c pi|e~eab a xki kcèx a xypbebf xa xki Y^C vkib bcxeabco xinkbaoafencozpafpcggi~ ceoih";:

Xki~i a`~xcnoi~ xa naazipcxeab vipi i|ehibx eb xki ocpfiou càpxe|i cxxigzx xa hi|ioaz cIypazicb czzpacnk xa ~zcni xinkbaoafu" Eb 35


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Ba" 3!0:30

zcpih xa 88 zip nibx eb 359:";9 Xki egzpa|igibx avih c fpicx hico xa xpchi oeìpcoe~cxeabcbh c fibipcoou c|aypcòi ebxipbcxeabco ib|epabgibx/ yx oexxoi e cbuxkebf xa ebxip|ibxeabe~xebhy~xpeco zaoenu" Xki naybxpu vkenk ebxip|ibih oic~x/ Vi~x Fipgcbu/ heh ì~x" Gapia|ip/vkixkip ap bax xki hi~epi xa ncxnk yz vexk xki Y^ eb kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~ vc~ c oi'fexegcxi a`minxe|i cbh ab xke~ e~~yi zaoexen~ cbh bcxeabco zpi~xefi viefkih cx oic~x c~ gynk

c~ inabagen~ ' oexxoi zpafpi~~ kch iib gchi" Eb cipa~zcni cbh nagzyxip~/ vkenk kch ìibkic|eou ~y`~ehe~ih ù Iypazicb fa|ipbgibx~/ Cgipencb pg~ vipi ~xeoo cp ckich" Cx xki~cgi xegi cxxigzx~ xa ic~i xki zpaòig~ a hizpi~~ih ebhy~xpei~ xkpayfk fa|ipbgibx eb'xip|ibxeab kch xibhih xa ~oav havb bini~~cpu nkcbfi/ cx nab~ehipcòi na~x xa xki xc{zcuip"

Xki noicp oi~~ab pag Iypazicb ebhy~xpeco zaoenu eb xki 35


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Ba" 3!0:30

0"9"3" XKI PEÎ AL MCZCB

Vkib xki Mczcbi~i inabagen gepcnoi ìfcb eb xki 359:~ ex vc~ p~x cxxpe`yxih xa oavocàyp na~x~" Xkib/ c~ nagzcbei~ ~ynk c~ âbu cbh Xauaxc ebnpic~ih xkiep ~kcpi a Vi~xipbgcpdix~/ cxxibxeab any~ih ab Mczcbi~i gcbcfigibx zpcnxeni~ oicb zpahynxeab/ nabxeby'ay~ egzpa|igibx/ my~x'eb'xegi ~yzzou ~u~xig~" @yx xkipi vc~ co~a c zipnizxeab xkcx/ eb ncxnk'

ebf yz vexk xki Y^ eb kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~/ xki Mczcbi~i kch hi|ioazih cb ebhy~xpecozaoenu xkcx c|aehih xki ge~xcdi~ gchi eb xki YD cbh Lpcbni"53 Eb nagzyxip~/ ap i{cgzoi/xki Mczcbi~i cyxkapexei~/ eb~xich a npicxebf c ~ebfoi bcxeabco nkcgzeab/ kch ibnaypcfihxki i~xcòe~kih nagzcbei~ eb xki ebhy~xpu xa naazipcxi eb zpi'nagzixexe|i pi~icpnk `yx xanagzixi ipniou cfceb~x abi cbaxkip eb xki gcpdix" Xke~ zaoenu/ dbavb c~ nabxpaooih nag'zixexeab/ kch apefebcxih ìapi xki vcp eb xioinaggybencxeab~/ cbh vc~ czzoeih cxip 3589xa axkip kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~"50

Mczcb~ i{zipeibni/ cbh xkcx a axkip ocxi'ebhy~xpecoe~ebf Ic~x C~ecb naybxpei~ vkenk zcp'xecoou egexcxih Mczcb/ ~yffi~xih xkcx ebhy~xpeco zaoenu nayoh i c ~aypni a nagzixexe|i ch|cb'xcfi e ex vc~ vioo hi~efbih cbh ~deoyoou egzoigibxih" C he~xebnxe|i icxypi a xki Ic~x C~ecb

czzpacnk/ i~zinecoou eb Dapic cbh Xcevcb/ vc~ xki any~ ab i{zapx~ axk c~ cb a`minxe|i cbhc~ xki npexipeab vkenk hixipgebih vkixkip ap bax nagzcbei~ vayoh pinie|i ~yzzapx pagxki ~xcxi" Eb Iypazi fa|ipbgibx~ xibhih xa nabxebyi ~yzzapxebf xkiep bcxeabco nkcgzeab~eb xki kazi xkcx xkiu vayoh inagi nagzixexe|i yx vexkayx gcdebf ~yzzapx nabxebfibx abzipapgcbni"

Xki pe~i a Mczcbi~i ebhy~xpu ~iigih yb~xazzcòi cx xki ibh a xki 356:~/ zpagzxebf ~agii{xpc|cfcbx zpihenxeab~ ~ynk c~ xka~i nabxcebih eb I}pc \afio~ i~x'~iooip/ Mczcb c~ BygìpAbi" Eb xki òyp` xa xke~ àad c apgip Y^ cg`c~~chap xa Mczcb vpaxi= Mczcb kc~ c gapi~gaaxkou ybnxeabebf ~aneixu cbh cb inabagu xkcx e~ pybbebf pebf~ paybh ayp~" Xki ~yz'za~ih ch|cbxcfi~ a xki Mczcbi~i gahio zpagzxih ~i|ipco ebexecxe|i~ eb Iypazicb ebhy~xpecozaoenu hypebf xki 35;:~"

>" XKI ÎNABH ZKCÎ= LPAG XKI 35;:^ XA XKI ICPOU 0:::^

Eb xki icpou 35;:~ xki xipg iypa~noipa~e~ ncgi ebxa naggab y~i" Ga~x Iypazicb nayb'xpei~ vipi ~yipebf pag pe~ebf ybigzoaugibx cbh kefk eblcxeab4 ex vc~ noicp xkcx bivzaoenei~ vipi biihih xa ebminx fpicxip hubcge~g ebxa xki Iypazicb inabagu" Xke~ zipeahnaebnehih vexk c ~kex eb gcnpainabagen zaoenu cvcu pag Diubi~ecb higcbh gcbcfigibxxavcph~ c ~xpabfip any~ ab gabixcpu ~xcèoexu cbh oav eblcxeab" Eb genpainabagen zaoenuxki he~czzaebxebf pi~yox~ a hepinx ebxip|ibxeab eb ebhy~xpu eb xki icpoeip za~x'vcp hinchi~~xpibfxkibih xki cpfygibx ap c fpicxip pioecbni ab gcpdix~"

Cx xki Iypazicb oi|io xki nkcbfi eb xkebdebf càyx kav inabagei~ ~kayoh ì apfcbe~ihvc~ pilinxih eb c ~ipei~ a gic~ypi~ cegih cx piga|ebf xki pigcebebf cppeip~ xa xki npa~~'àphip ga|igibx a faah~ cbh nczexco" @yx coabf~ehi xki hpe|i ap c gapi ebxifpcxih Iy'pazicb gcpdix xkipi vc~ co~a c pi|e|co a ebxipi~x eb Iypazicb ebhy~xpeco zaoenu" Vkeoi xkixinkbaoafu fcz vexk xki Y^ vc~ ~xeoo c gcxxip a nabnipb/ Mczcb ~iigih xa kc|i i|ao|ihcb czzpacnk xa ebhy~xpeco nagzixexe|ibi~~ vkenk nayoh y~iyoou ì egexcxih eb Iypazi" Ebkefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~/ eb zcpxenyocp/ Mczcbi~i'~xuoi ebxip'nagzcbu naoocàpcxeab vc~~iib c~ abi a xki vcu~ eb vkenk Iypazicb ebhy~xpu nayoh pina|ip oa~x fpaybh"

Chgepcxeab ap Mczcb vc~ bax nabbih xa Iypazi" Hypebf xki 35;:~ ~i|ipco inabage~x~ ebxki Y^/ vappeih càyx xki ebpach~ vkenk Mczcbi~i nagzcbei~ vipi gcdebf eb ebhy~xpei~


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Ba" 3!0:30

`payfkx eb c ^vihe~k nagzcbu/ Ipen~~ab/ xa nagzixi cfceb~x xki @pexe~k ~yzzoeip~ a ~vexnk'ebf isyezgibx" Cxip ioinxpenexu zpe|cxe~cxeab eb 355:/ êigib~ cbh axkip Nabxebibxco zavipibfebiipebf nagzcbei~ ìncgi gcmap ~yzzoeip~ xa xki bivou zpe|cxe~ih fibipcxebf pg~"

Vkipic~ Ocàyp kch ~ayfkx xa bypxypi cbh zpaxinx @pexe~k'avbih pg~ eb ~yzza~ihou ~xpc'

xifen ebhy~xpei~/ xki Xkcxnkip fa|ipbgibx vc~ abou xaa zoic~ih xa ~ioo a oa~~'gcdebf bc'xeabco nkcgzeab~ xa apiefb cnsyepip~" Xki Zpegi Gebe~xip pce~ih ba a`minxeab vkib Laph ayfkx @pexe~k Oiuocbh~ Mcfycp ~y`~ehecpu eb 35;8/ cbh xva uicp~ ocxip ~ki gefkx kc|i ~aohxki pi~x a @pexe~k Oiuocbh xa Laph cbh Fibipco Gaxap~ kch xkipi bax iib c ~yhhib yz~ypfia zcxpeaxen ip|ayp ab xki Nab~ip|cxe|i `cnd ìbnki~ vkenk apnih kip xa vexkhpcv xkizpaza~co" 55 Pa|ip/ xki ~ynni~~ap nagzcbu xa @pexe~k Oiuocbh/ vc~ ~aoh xa @pexe~k Cipa~zcnicbh ocxip pi'~aoh xa @GV a Fipgcbu eb 3558"3:: Xki Oiuocbh xpynd y~ebi~~ vc~ ayfkx uZcnncp a xki Y^ eb 355;"

Gp~ Xkcxnkip vcbxih xa gcdi xki YD gapi cxxpcnxe|i xa apiefb eb|i~xap~/ cbh ~ki vc~ ebhe'ipibx c~ xa vkixkip xkiep eb|i~xgibx xaad xki apg a `yeohebf biv cnxapei~ ap cnsyepebf@pexe~k nagzcbei~" Xkipi vc~ c vcpg vionagi ap xki xkpii Mczcbi~i nagzcbei~/ Kabhc/

Xauaxc cbh Be~~cb/ vkib xkiu hinehih xa yeoh cnxapei~ eb xki YD c~ xki `c~i ap ~yzzouebfIypazicb gcpdix~" Xkcbd~ xa Gp~ Xkcxnkip~ piapg~ xki ocàyp piocxeab~ noegcxi kch ì'nagi gapi ~xcòi cbh xki Mczcbi~i nagzcbei~ cnkei|ih zpahynxe|exu oi|io~ eb xkiep @pexe~kcnxapei~ nagzcpcòi xa xkiep hagi~xen zocbx~"

Xki fa|ipbgibx co~a ~ayfkx xa ibnaypcfi kagi'fpavb |ibxypi~/ `yx xa ha ~a bax ù ~yz'zapxebf zcpxenyocp ebhy~xpei~ ap pg~ `yx ù npicxebf cb ib|epabgibx xkcx vayoh ì gapi~yzzapxe|i a ibxpizpibiyp~" Xki fpavxk a xki |ibxypi nczexco ebhy~xpu vc~ ~xegyocxih uxc{ nkcbfi~/ cbh xki fa|ipbgibx zip~ychih xki Oabhab ^xand I{nkcbfi xa egzpa|i xki~yzzou a isyexu bcbni ap uaybf/ c~x'fpavebf pg~" C zcpxeco ~ynni~~ vc~ xki pe~i a biv eaxinkbaoafu pg~/ ~iidebf xa naggipnecoe~i xki pi~yox~ a cnchigen ~neibni" +Xke~ fpayz

ebnoyhih Niooxink/ bav vkaoou avbih ù zpe|cxi eb|i~xap~"% Coxkayfk babi a xki~i pg~vipi c~ ~ynni~~yo c~ xkiep naybxipzcpx~ eb xki Y^/ xkiu pilinxih c ~kex cvcu pag xki icp'oeip any~ ab npicxebf effip ebhy~xpeco fpayz~" Eb ebapgcxeab xinkbaoafu xki 35;:~ ~cv xkiigipfibni a c zpage~ebf noy~xip a ebba|cxe|i pg~ cpaybh Ncg`pehfi Ybe|ip~exu/ eb xkicpic xkcx incgi dbavb c~ êoenab Lib"3:3

Xki kcbh~'a zaoenu xavcph~ ebhy~xpu heh bax zpinoyhi ~agi nabxebyebf ~yzzapx ap eb'|i~xgibx eb ch|cbnih xinkbaoafu" Eb ebapgcxeab xinkbaoafu/ ap i{cgzoi/ xki fa|ipbgibxcnnizxih xki cpfygibx xkcx ~agi ebminxeab a zyòen ybh~ gefkx ì bini~~cpu xa ~xpibfxkibc ~inxap eb vkenk @pexe~k pg~ vipi ocffebf ikebh xkiep Cgipencb nagzixexap~" Xki Co|iuzpafpcggi/ cegih cx ibnaypcfebf naoocàpcxe|i zpaminx~ ìxviib ebhy~xpu cbh cnchigec/vc~ ~ix yz eb 35;> vexk c yhfix {ih cx >9:g a|ip |i uicp~ a vkenk 0::g vc~ xa nagipag xki xc{zcuip"3:0 Xki zpafpcggi ebnpic~ih xki cgaybx a ~zibhebf ab ebapgcxeabxinkbaoafu pi~icpnk/ eb axk zyòen cbh zpe|cxi ~inxap~/ yx heh oexxoi xa egzpa|i xki ebxipbc'xeabco nagzixexe|ibi~~ a @pexe~k nagzcbei~"3:>

Xki Xkcxnkip fa|ipbgibx ~aoh xki BI@~ ~kcpikaohebf eb ENO ~aab cxip xcdebf ani/ yxex vc~ ~xeoo veooebf xa ~yzzapx xki nagzcbu/ ab c ~xpenxou oegexih `c~e~" ENO vc~ cnih vexk cvehibebf fcz ìxviib ex~ zpax~ cbh xki cgaybx a P , H i{zibhexypi xkcx vc~ bini~~cpuxa diiz ex~ zpahynx~ nagzixexe|i" Vexk zpe|cxi eb|i~xap~ pioynxcbx xa zyx yz gapi ybh~/ xkifa|ipbgibx cfpiih xa zpa|ehi c xva'uicp fycpcbxii ap c 0::g oacb vkenk ENO kch bifaxe'cxih vexk xki cbd~"3:8 Xki oacb vc~ ~y`~isyibxou pizceh vexkayx xki fycpcbxii kc|ebf xa ìy~ih/ cbh xki fa|ipbgibx vc~ bax eb|ao|ih eb ENO~ ~y`~isyibx hine~eab~" Eb 35;8 ^xcbhcph


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Vkcx vc~ co~a xpyi vc~ xkcx/ ~ebni xki 35;:~/ xki ~xpynxypi a xki inabagu kch i|ao|ih eb cheipibx vcu pag xkcx a nagzcpcòi Iypazicb naybxpei~/ vexk c c~xip hinoebi eb gcbycn'xypebf xkcb/ ap i{cgzoi/ eb Fipgcbu cbh c fpicxip pioecbni ab bcbneco cbh axkip y~ebi~~~ip|eni~ c~ c ~aypni a igzoaugibx cbh a apiefb icpbebf~" C za~exe|i |eiv a xki~i hi|io'azgibx~ vc~ xkcx xki YD vc~ ~kexebf pi~aypni~ ebxa cnxe|exei~ vkipi ex kch c nagzixexe|ich|cbxcfi" @yx nayoh ~ip|eni~/ i~zinecoou xpchcòi ~ip|eni~/ fpav c~x ibayfk xa a~ix xkinabxebyebf hinoebi a gcbycnxypebf1 Cb{eixei~ ab xke~ ~napi/ copichu czzcpibx ìapi xkibcbneco npe~e~/ vipi ebxib~eih ù xki i|ibx~ a 0::; cbh 0::5" Xki e~~yi xkcx xkib ncgixa xki api vc~ vkixkip xki inabagu biihih xa ì pi`cocbnih/ cbh/ e ~a/ vkixkip xkipigefkx ì c paoi ap ebhy~xpeco zaoenu"

>"0" LPCBNI

Eb Lpcbni xki 35;3 ioinxeab~ payfkx ebxa zavip c oix'vebf fa|ipbgibx/ oih u Lpcbae~Gexxippcbh/ vka~i czzpacnk xa ebhy~xpeco zaoenu/ cbh xa xki gcbcfigibx a xki inabagu c~ cvkaoi/ nayoh bax kc|i iib gapi heipibx pag xkcx a xki Xkcxnkip fa|ipbgibx eb xki YD"Ex~ p~x ~xiz vc~ xa ~ix eb xpceb c zpafpcggi a pihe~xpe`yxe|i Diubi~ecbe~g338 ' pilcxebfxki inabagu xkpayfk ebnpic~ih fa|ipbgibx ~zibhebf/ biv gic~ypi~ xa npicxi ma`~ ap xkiybigzoauih cbh gapi fibipay~ ìbix~ ap oav'ebnagi cgeoei~" Xkib ncgi c ~viizebfzpafpcggi a bcxeabcoe~cxeab/ vkenk fc|i xki fa|ipbgibx yoo nabxpao a xkepxiib a xkinaybxpu~ xvibxu ocpfi~x ebhy~xpeco nagzcbei~/ ebnoyhebf NFI/ Xkag~ab/ Pkbi'Zayoibn


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Ba" 3!0:30

cbh ^x Fa`ceb/ cbh c gcmapexu ~xcdi eb ~i|ipco axkip~" Xki zocb vc~ xa y~i xki ~xcxi ~inxapc~ oi ip hi ocbni/ c gicb~ a ~xpibfxkibebf xki cèoexu a Lpibnk nagzcbei~ xa nagzixi ebebxipbcxeabco gcpdix~" Hixceoih zocb~ vipi hpcvb yz ap ebhe|ehyco ebhy~xpei~4 eb xki nc~ia ioinxpaben~ ba oi~~ xkcb ioi|ib pcbnki~ a xki ebhy~xpu vipi ehibxeih c~ vapxku a ~yz'zapx/ ebnoyhebf bax abou nagzyxip~ cbh ~igenabhynxap~/ yx X\ ~ix~/ ebhy~xpeco cyxagcxeab/

~neibxen eb~xpygibx~ cbh gihenco ioinxpaben~" 339 Xke~ vc~ oc zaoexesyi hi loepi/ cegih cx~xpibfxkibebf xki ~ioinxih ebhy~xpei~ cx coo ~xcfi~ eb xki |coyi nkceb gynk gapi cgèxeay~xkcb Fe~ncph~zaoexesyi hi~ npbcy{"

Bcxeabcoe~cxeab cooavih xki fa|ipbgibx xa ebminx gynk'biihih biv nczexco ebxa nagzcbei~vkenk kch iib vicdibih u xki pini~~eab"33< Xki cyxkapexei~ vipi co~a còi xa pebf càyx~agi c~~ix ~vcz~/ ~a xkcx xki ~xcxi'avbih nagzcbei~ nayoh any~ ab c bcppavip pcbfi a`y~ebi~~i~" Eb xki ioinxpenco!ioinxpaben~ ~inxap/ ap i{cgzoi/ Xkag~ab nihih ex~ xioinag'gybencxeab~ y~ebi~~ xa NFI/ vkeoi xcdebf a|ip NFI~ ebxipi~x~ eb hiibni ioinxpaben~ cbhioinxpaben nagzabibx~" ^x Fa`ceb vc~ pisyepih xa c`cbhab ex~ bivou cnsyepih ebxipi~x~ ebnagzyxip~ cbh ~igenabhynxap~ cbh xa pixypb xa ex~ xpchexeabco cnxe|exei~" Pkbi'Zayoibn

vexkhpiv pag zixpankigenco~ cbh cnsyepih chhexeabco y~ebi~~i~ eb zkcpgcniyxenco~ cbhbi nkigenco~"

Cx c xegi vkib xki vapoh inabagu vc~ ~xeoo pina|ipebf pag xki ~inabh aeo ~kand/ Gexxip'pcbh~ hc~k ap fpavxk eb 35;3';0 vc~ pe~du/ cbh ex vc~ bax oabf ìapi xki Lpibnk inabaguìfcb xa ~yip ~xpceb~" Xki `cocbni a zcugibx~ vibx ebxa hinex/ xki pcbn ncgi ybhipzpi~~ypi eb xki apiefb i{nkcbfi gcpdix~/ cbh eblcxeab ebnpic~ih" Eb 35;> Gexxippcbh vc~apnih xa gcdi c ke~xapen Y'xypb eb xki hepinxeab a bcbneco apxkaha{u" C~ Mabck Oi|u kc~vpexxib/ c oixe~x chgebe~xpcxeab xkcx kch iib ioinxih my~x xva uicp~ icpoeip ab c ncgzcefbxa ebxib~eu hepefe~gi ìfcb eb~xich xa he~gcbxoi hepefe~gi"336

Xki hine~eab~ xcdib eb 35;> gcpdih xki ~xcpx a c piapeibxcxeab a Lpibnk ebhy~xpeco zaoenu

vkenk vc~ xa ì xcdib ypxkip ù xki pefkx'vebf fa|ipbgibx oih ù Mcnsyi~ Nkepcn vkenkkioh ani ìxviib 35;< cbh 35;;" +Xke~ vc~ xki p~x a ~i|ipco zipeah~ a nakcèxcxeab/vexk xki zpi~ehibnu eb xki kcbh~ a abi zcpxu cbh xki fa|ipbgibx eb xki kcbh~ a xki axkip"%Xki biv fa|ipbgibx zpagzxou ~ix càyx c zpe|cxe~cxeab zpafpcggi/ hpcvebf yz c oe~x a~e{xu |i ibxipzpe~i~ xkcx vipi xa i pixypbih xa xki zpe|cxi ~inxap" agi a xkig/ ebnoyhebfNFI cbh x Fa`ceb/ vipi ~ynni~~yoou lacxih/ yx xki zpani~~ vc~ zyx ab kaoh u xki ~xandgcpdix npc~k a Anxaìp/ 35;6" Abou xva gapi nagzcbei~ vipi zpe|cxe~ih iapi xki pefkx'vebf fa|ipbgibx oa~x zavip eb xki 35;; ioinxeab~4 eb xki ~cgi uicp Gexxippcbh vc~ ioinxihxa c ~inabh zpi~ehibxeco xipg"

^ncppih ù xki i{zipeibni a 35;3';>/ xki ânecoe~x~ kch ba ebxibxeab a pi|e|ebf xkiep bcxeab'coe~cxeab zpafpcggi" Eb~xich/ xkiu zyp~yih xki ~a'ncooih be'be zaoenu biexkip zpe|cxe~c'xeab bap bcxeabcoe~cxeab coxkayfk xkiu heh cooav ~xcxi'avbih pg~ xa pce~i nczexco pagxki gcpdix eb xki apg a bab'|axebf ~kcpi~" @axk xki zpe|cxe~ih nagzcbei~ cbh xka~i xkcxpigcebih eb xki zyòen ~inxap vipi ap xki ga~x zcpx pii xa hi|ioaz cbh egzoigibx xkiep~xpcxifei~ vexkayx ebxipipibni pag xki ~xcxi" Ga~x a xkig azxih ap ~zinecoe~cxeab cbhebxipbcxeabcoe~cxeab/ nabnibxpcxebf ab xkiep ~xpabfip `y~ebi~~i~ cbh fe|ebf xkig c foa`cohegib~eab/ axib xkpayfk cnsye~exeab~ eb xki Y^ c~ vioo c~ eb Iypazi"

NFI/ ap i{cgzoi/ any~ih ab xva cpic~= xioinaggybencxeab~ isyezgibx xkpayfk Concxio/cbh zavip ibfebiipebf cbh pceo xpcb~zapx xkpayfk Co~xkag" Cxip xki cnsye~exeab a Xkag'~ab~ xioinaggybencxeab~ ebxipi~x~ eb 35;>/ NFI~ bi{x ~xiz vc~ vkcx ncgi xa ì dbavbc~ xki hico a xki nibxypu/ xki zypnkc~i a EXX~ Iypazicb ~y`~ehecpei~" Nagzoixih eb 35;6/


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Ba" 3!0:30

xke~ zypnkc~i oexih NFI ebxa xki pabx pcbd a xki vapoh~ xioinaggybencxeab~ isyezgibxgcbycnxypip~/ bax cp ikebh C X , X eb xki Y^" Eb zavip ibfebiipebf/ NFI apgih c 9:'9:zcpxbip~kez vexk ex~ @pexe~k naybxipzcpx/ FIN4 FIN'Co~xkag/ vc~ i~xcòe~kih eb 35;5" XkiLpibnk zcpibx vc~ pibcgih Concxio Co~xkag eb 3553"

Xki bcgi a xki nagzcbu vc~ nkcbfih cfceb xa Concxio eb 355; cxip xki zavip ibfebiipebf`y~ebi~~ vc~ lacxih ab xki ~xand gcpdix" Bav ~zinecoe~ebf gcebou eb xioinaggybencxeab~isyezgibx/ Concxio nabxebyih xa i{zcbh ayx~ehi Iypazi" Eb 0::< ex nabnoyhih abi a xki effi~x xpcb~'Cxocbxen xpcb~cnxeab~ vkib ex gipfih vexk Oynibx Xinkbaoafei~ eb xki Y^" +Oy'nibx/ zpi|eay~ou dbavb c~ Vi~xipb Ioinxpen/ kch iib xki gcbycnxypebf cpg a CgipencbXioizkabi cbh Xioifpczk/ yx kch ìib ke|ih a c~ c ~izcpcxi nagzcbu eb 355 zcpoecgibxcpu ioinxeab~ payfkx xki pixypb a c pefkx'vebf fa|ipbgibx4 xke~ vc~ c~inabh zipeah a nakcèxcxeab xkcx oc~xih ybxeo 3559/ vkib xki ncbhehcxi a xki pefkx/ Mcnsyi~Nkepcn/ vab xki zpi~ehibxeco ioinxeab" Xki biv fa|ipbgibx cbbaybnih xkcx ex vayoh zpe'|cxe~i xvio|i ebhy~xpeco nagzcbei~ xkcx kch ìib ab xki apefebco 35;< oe~x/ ebnoyhebf @yoo/Xkag~ab/ Zinkebiu cbh Pkbi'Zayoibn" Gapi nabxpa|ip~ecoou/ ex chhih bebi biv ncbhehcxi~/


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Ba" 3!0:30

ebnoyhebf Pibcyox/ Cpa~zcxecoi/ ^bingc cbh xki ~xiio fpayz Y~ebap ^cneoap"303

Xki ebnoy~eab a Pibcyox/ vkenk kch oabf ìib c xpchi ybeab ~xpabfkaoh/ vc~ c ~kand apxki oix/ cbh pifcphih c~ pe~du u ~agi inabage~x~"300 Xki fa|ipbgibx cpfyih xkcx Pibcyox~cèoexu xa zcpxenezcxi eb xki cooecbni~ cbh cnsye~exeab~ xkcx vipi xpcb~apgebf xki vapoh ga'

xap ebhy~xpu vayoh i ebkeèxih c~ oabf c~ ex pigcebih vkaoou avbih u xki ~xcxi4 cb icpoeipzcpxbip~kez vexk \ao|a kch `padib havb/ gcebou ìncy~i \ao|a ~kcpikaohip~ heh bax vcbxxki ^vihe~k nagzcbu xa ìnagi zcpx a c fpayz hagebcxih ù xki Lpibnk ~xcxi" Eb c nab'ni~~eab xa xki oix xki fa|ipbgibx cfpiih xa pixceb gcmapexu nabxpao a Pibcyox/ cx oic~x ap czipeah" Cx xki xegi a zpe|cxe~cxeab xki ~xcxi kioh 9> zip nibx a xki ~kcpi~/ pihynih xva uicp~ocxip xa 8< zip nibx" Eb 3555/ vkib Pibcyox apgih cb cooecbni vexk Be~~cb/ xki fa|ipbgibx~kcpikaohebf ncgi havb xa ioav >: zip nibx"30>

Xki Pibcyox!Be~~cb cfpiigibx vc~ cb i{cgzoi a xki ebxipbcxeabcoe~cxeab ~xpcxifei~ vkenkoichebf Lpibnk nagzcbei~ vipi zyp~yebf hypebf xki 355:~" Xki picd'yz a Pkbi'Zayoibn/Lpcbni~ ocpfi~x nkigenco nagzcbu/ vc~ zcpx a xki ~cgi xpibh" Cxip zpe|cxe~cxeab eb 355>xki gcbcfigibx nka~i xa any~ ab zkcpgcniyxenco~/ cbh ex gchi ~i|ipco cnsye~exeab~ eb xke~

ioh" Eb 3556 ex cbbaybnih xkcx ex~ nkigenco `y~ebi~~i~ vayoh ì ke|ih a c~ cb ebhizibh'ibx nagzcbu/ xa i ncooih Pkahec/ vkeoi cx xki ~cgi xegi xki zkcpgcniyxenco ~ehi vayoh igipfih vexk Kaink~x eb Fipgcbu4 xki ibocpfih fpayz/ C|ibxe~/ ìncgi abi a xki èffi~xzkcpgcniyxenco nagzcbei~ eb Iypazi"

Bax coo bcxeabco nkcgzeab~ nayoh inagi vapoh oichip~/ cbh xki Lpibnk fa|ipbgibx~ a xki355:~ vipi veooebf xa cnnizx xkcx/ eb ~agi nc~i~/ xki ì~x ~aoyxeab ap c zaapou zipapgebf y~ebi~~ gefkx i xa ~ioo ex xa c apiefb cnsyepip" @yoo/ ba oabfip yphibih vexk c foa`co ge~'~eab/ vc~ zcpxecoou zpe|cxe~ih eb 355


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Ba" 3!0:30

Xki~i vipi ebpc~xpynxypi ebhy~xpei~ cbh xki nagzcbei~ vipi ~iib c~ xaa egzapxcbx xa i i{'za~ih xa xki xkpicx a xcdia|ip" Xki ~cgi czzoeih xa cipa~zcni cbh hiibni" Xki fa|ipbgibxpixcebih c ~xcdi eb ICH^/ xki Lpcbna'Fipgcb fpayz apgih eb 0::: u xki gipfip ixviibCpa~zcxecoi cbh xki Hcegoip ~y`~ehecpu/ HC^C" Ex co~a kch c gebapexu ~kcpikaohebf eb Xkcoi~cbh eb ^cpcb/ xki nagzcbu apgih ù xki gipfip ìxviib ^bingc cbh ^cfig eb 0::8"309

I|ib ayx~ehi ebpc~xpynxypi cbh hiibni xki avbip~kez a ocpfi ebhy~xpeco nagzcbei~ pi'gcebih c ~ib~exe|i e~~yi ap xki Lpibnk cyxkapexei~" Vkib xki zpe|cxe~cxeab zpafpcggi i'fcb eb 35;< xki fa|ipbgibx ib~ypih xkcx c ocpfi gebapexu ~kcpikaohebf eb xki zpe|cxe~ihnagzcbei~ vayoh i eb xki kcbh~ a c ~xcòi fpayz a Lpibnk ~kcpikaohip~ xki baucy{ hyp~"Xke~ vc~ hi~efbih xa zpa|ehi zpaxinxeab cfceb~x ybvionagi xcdia|ip~" Kavi|ip/ hypebf xki355:~ ga~x gigìp~ a xki baucy{ hyp~ ~aoh xkiep ~kcpi~/ cbh xki `yuip~ vipi axib apiefb/gcebou Cbfoa'Cgipencb/ eb|i~xap~" C~ xki ~kcpikaohip `c~i ìncgi gapi vehiou ~zpich/xki~i nagzcbei~ ìncgi |yobipcòi xa xcdia|ip"

Xki p~x xa ~yip xke~ cxi vc~ Zinkebiu/ xki coygebeyg nagzcbu/ vkenk vc~ àyfkx ù Co'ncb eb 0::>/ cb i|ibx vkenk ncy~ih ybic~i eb xki fa|ipbgibx yx vc~ bax cnxe|iou azza~ih"

Eb xki aooavebf uicp C|ibxe~/ xki Lpcbna'Fipgcb zkcpgcniyxenco fpayz apgih u Pkbi'Zayoibn cbh Kaink~x/ vc~ xki ~y`minx a c xcdia|ip aip pag cbaxkip Lpibnk zkcpgcniyxe'nco nagzcbu/ cba" Xki ve~~ nagzcbu/ Ba|cpxe~/ xkib ebhencxih xkcx ex gefkx gcdi c kefkipèh/ zpagzxebf xki Lpibnk fa|ipbgibx xa gcdi ex noicp xa coo xki zcpxei~ xkcx ex vayoh baxzipgex nabxpao a C|ibxe~ xa zc~~ ebxa bab'Lpibnk kcbh~"

C ~xpedebf i{cgzoi a Lpcbni~ nabnipb xa zpi~ip|i ex~ bcxeabco nkcgzeab~ vc~ xki Co~xagccep eb 0::8" C~ baxih icpoeip/ xke~ vc~ xki nagzcbu apgih ù FIN cbh NFI cbh ocxiplacxih ab xki ~xand gcpdix" Eb 3555 Co~xag àyfkx c fc~ xypèbi `y~ebi~~ pag C@@/ xki^ve~~'^vihe~k ibfebiipebf fpayz" C@@ kch vab c ocpfi bygìp a aphip~ ap xke~ isyez'gibx eb xki Y^ cbh io~ivkipi/ `yx xki zipapgcbni a xki fc~ xypèbi~ ioo ~kapx a vkcx

kch ìib zpage~ih/ cbh ex ìncgi czzcpibx xkcx xkipi vc~ c ~ipeay~ xinkbenco cyox" @u xkiibh a 0::3 Co~xag vc~ cnebf bcbneco zibcoxei~ pag ~agi a ex~ Y^ ny~xagip~/ cbh/ vexkaxkip zcpx~ a xki fpayz co~a zipapgebf zaapou/ xkipi vc~ ybnipxcebxu càyx vkixkip xkinagzcbu nayoh ~yp|e|i"

Xki Lpibnk fa|ipbgibx a`~ip|ih xki~i i|ibx~ vexk fpavebf nabnipb" Xkipi vc~ ba syi~'xeab a cooavebf xki fpayz xa fa ybhip/ uix hepinx c~~e~xcbni pag xki ~xcxi vayoh pyb ebxaazza~exeab pag xki nagzixexeab cyxkapexei~ eb @py~~io~" Nab~ehipcxeab vc~ peilu fe|ib xac `picd'yz a xki fpayz/ `yx eb xki ~yggip a 0::8 xki fa|ipbgibx picnkih cb cfpiigibxvexk xki Nagge~~eab vkipiù/ eb pixypb ap c~~ix ~coi~ cbh na~x pihynxeab~/ xki ~xcxi vayohzcpxenezcxi eb xki bcbneco pi~xpynxypebf a xki fpayz" Xki fa|ipbgibx xaad c gebapexu ~xcdieb Co~xag/ vexk xki zpage~i xkcx xki ~xcdi vayoh i ~aoh bax ocxip xkcb 0::;"

Xki Co~xag pi~nyi heh bax egzou c fibipco pixpicx pag xki gapi oeìpco zaoenei~ vkenk ~yn'ni~~e|i Lpibnk fa|ipbgibx~ kch zyp~yih ~ebni xki 35;:~" Xkipi vc~ ba oabfip cb czzixexiapfpcbh~ zpamix~/ cbh gynk a xki czzcpcxy~ a ~xcxi ebxip|ibxeab kch ìib he~gcbxoih"30


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ncgzcefb eb 0::6" Ki zpi~ibxih keg~io c~ c ~xcovcpx hiibhip a Lpibnk ebhy~xpu cfceb~xgcpcyhip~ pag a|ip~ic~/ cbh hixipgebih xa pi~e~x hi'ebhy~xpecoe~cxeab" Xke~ vc~ c xkigixkcx vayoh fypi zpagebibxou hypebf ke~ zpi~ehibnu"

>">" FIPGCBUEb nabxpc~x xa Lpcbni cbh xki YD/ xkipi vipi ba hpc~xen nkcbfi~ eb Fipgcb inabagenzaoenu eb xki 35;:~/ `yx xki inabagu vc~ ~oav xa pina|ip pag xki xva aeo ~kand~ cbh yb'igzoaugibx pigcebih kefk" Xki fpavxk pcxi a zpahynxe|exu ioo cp `ioav vkcx kch `iibcnkei|ih eb xki 35


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benki eb ibxipzpe~i pi~aypni ~axvcpi cbh i|ibxycoou ìncgi c gcmap ebxipbcxeabco ~yzzoeip/coxkayfk ex~ fpavxk vc~ ~oavip xkcb xkcx a Genpa~ax eb xki Y^" Xki ebexeco zyòen aipebfa ^CZ ~kcpi~ ab xki Fipgcb ~xand gcpdix ncgi eb 35;;/ gynk ocxip eb ex~ ke~xapu xkcb Ge'npa~ax~ hi`yx ab BC^HCS eb 35;9"3>: ^xcpxebf cbh yeohebf xke~ ~apx a y~ebi~~ vc~ kcphipeb Fipgcbu xkcb eb xki Y^ ìncy~i a xki c`~ibni a ~yzzapxebf eb~xexyxeab~/ ebnoyhebf c

|ibxypi nczexco ebhy~xpu xkcx vc~ veooebf xa `cnd ybxpeih ibxpizpibiyp~ cbh c ~xand gcpdixxkcx cooavih icpou'~xcfi eb|i~xap~ xa i{ex"

Xki ~cgi a`~xcnoi~ kioh `cnd xki eaxinkbaoafu ebhy~xpu" Xke~ ~inxap kch iib xcpfixih uxki @GLX eb xki 356:~ cbh Lihipco ~yzzapx ap èaxinkbaoafu pi~icpnk ebnpic~ih ~kcpzouhypebf xki 35;:~ cbh 355:~/ `yx Fipgcb zipapgcbni pigcebih zaap/ gcebou ìncy~i axki c`~ibni a xki ~zinecoe~ih èaxinkbaoafu nagzcbei~ vkenk vipi hpe|ebf xki fpavxk axki ebhy~xpu eb xki Y^" Hepinx ebxip|ibxeab u xki @GLX nayoh bax gcdi yz ap xki c`~ibnia xki ~yzzapxe|i eb~xexyxeab~ cbh zaoenei~ vkenk vipi |exco xa xki ~ynni~~ a xki Cgipencbèaxinkbaoafu ebhy~xpu"3>3

C kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpu xkcx heh gcdi zpafpi~~/ vexk xki ceh a fibipay~ ~xcxi ~y`~ehei~/

vc~ cipa~zcni"3>0 C~ baxih icpoeip/ c fpayz a Fipgcb cepnpcx gcbycnxypip~ kch fax xafixk'ip xa apg Hiyx~nki Cep`y~/ vkenk ìncgi xki Fipgcb zcpxbip eb xki Cep`y~ nab~apxeyg"Eb 35;5 xki~i nagzcbei~/ xafixkip vexk Hapbeip/ vipi xcdib a|ip ù Hcegoip'@ib}/ vkenk cxxkcx xegi vc~ xpuebf xa pihyni ex~ hizibhibni ab ncp~ cbh xpynd~ u he|ip~euebf ebxa kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~" Xki cnsye~exeab vc~ azza~ih ù xki Ncpxio Ani ab xki fpaybh~ xkcxex vayoh oich xa xaa gynk nabnibxpcxeab a zavip/ `yx ap xki Lihipco fa|ipbgibx cbhap xki Ocbh fa|ipbgibx~ vkenk vipi zcpx'avbip~ a ~i|ipco a xki nagzcbei~ ex kch xkicxxpcnxeab a zyxxebf xki Fipgcb cepnpcx ebhy~xpu ebxa xki kcbh~ a c ocpfi/ vioo'bcbnihnagzcbu vkenk ~kayoh/ a|ip xegi/ ba oabfip biih xa ì ~y`~ehe~ih"

Xki cepnpcx ebhy~xpu vc~ c ~zineco nc~i/ bax oic~x ìncy~i ex kch ~xpabf zaoexenco ~yzzapx àxk

cx xki Lihipco cbh cx xki Ocbh oi|io" Axkip kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~ vipi ~xeoo ocffebf/cbh xkipi vipi ~agi ncoo~ eb Fipgcbu ap c Mczcbi~i'~xuoi ebhy~xpeco zaoenu/ `c~ih ab noa~inaazipcxeab ìxviib fa|ipbgibx cbh ebhy~xpu"3>> @u xki geh'355:~/ kavi|ip/ xki Mczcbi~igahio vc~ ayx a c~keab c~ xki naybxpu~ inabagu ibxipih c zpaoabfih zipeah a ~xcfbcxeab"Eb~xich/ cxxibxeab xypbih xa xki Y^"

Eb Fipgcbu/ c~ eb axkip Iypazicb naybxpei~/ zaoenu gcdip~ vipi egzpi~~ih ù xki i{xpcap'hebcpu ~ynni~~ a Cgipencb nagzcbei~ eb i{zoaexebf xki azzapxybexei~ npicxih u xki ebxip'bix" Ex vc~ noicp xkcx/ e Fipgcbu vc~ xa ncxnk yz vexk xki Y^ eb xki ebhy~xpei~ a xki bivinabagu/ eb~xexyxeabco piapg~ vipi bini~~cpu/ i~zinecoou eb xki nczexco gcpdix~" Y^'~xuoiibxpizpibiypeco ~xcpx'yz~ vipi yboediou xa laype~k yboi~~ xkiu kch cnni~~ xa ybh~ pag|ibxypi nczexcoe~x~/ cbh xki |ibxypi nczexcoe~x~ eb xypb biihih xa i còi xa i{ex xkiep eb|i~x'gibx~ xkpayfk c ~xand gcpdix laxcxeab" Fe|ib xki c`~ibni eb Fipgcbu a c ~kcpikaohebfnyoxypi/ Fipgcb nexe}ib~ kch xa i zip~ychih xkcx yuebf ~kcpi~ ab xki ~xand gcpdix vc~ cvapxkvkeoi eb|i~xgibx"

Xki fa|ipbgibx xaad xva ~xiz~ eb xki ~inabh kco a xki 355:~ xa zpagaxi fpicxip ebxipi~x ebisyexu" Abi vc~ xki zpe|cxe~cxeab a Hiyx~nki Xioidag eb 355


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c fa|ipbgibx'pyb xioizkabi gabazaou ebxa c begòi nagzixexap eb xki igipfebf Iypazicbcbh vapoh xioinaggybencxeab~ gcpdix" 3>8 C~ c ~kcpikaohip'avbih nagzcbu Hiyx~nki Xio'idag vayoh kc|i fpicxip piihag xa cnsyepi/ ap gcdi cooecbni~ vexk/ a|ip~ic~ xioinaggy'bencxeab~ nagzcbei~" @yx zpe|cxe~cxeab a c ocpfi/ kefk'zpaoi nagzcbu vc~ co~a c gicb~ aibnaypcfebf vehip ~kcpi avbip~kez" Xki laxcxeab a Hiyx~nki Xioidag vc~ xki ocpfi~x'i|ip

ebexeco zyòen aipebf a c Iypazicb nagzcbu" Bicpou 0g Fipgcb~ ~y`~npeìh xa xki aip/ebnoyhebf 8::/::: vka kch bi|ip zpi|eay~ou avbih ~kcpi~"

Xki Biyip Gcpdx vc~ ebxibhih xa gcxnk ~agi a xki icxypi~ a Bc~hcs eb xki Y^/ vexk gapioeìpco oe~xebf pyoi~ ~a c~ xa cooav uaybf nagzcbei~/ i|ib e oa~~'gcdebf/ xa a`xceb c zyòensyaxcxeab" Xki gcpdix fax a xa c ~oav ~xcpx abou xvio|i EZA~ xaad zocni eb 3556 yx xkigagibxyg ebnpic~ih c~ c iv kefk'luip~/ ~ynk c~ Gaèonag/ c gaèoi xioinaggybencxeab~nagzcbu/ cxxpcnxih eb|i~xap ebxipi~x" Eb 3555/ vkib xki àag vc~ cx ex~ kiefkx/ gapi xkcb3>: biv nagzcbei~ vipi lacxih"3>9

Axkip ebexecxe|i~ vipi xcdib hypebf xke~ zipeah xa egzpa|i xki ib|epabgibx ap kefk'xink'baoafu ~xcpx'yz~" Eb 3559 xki Gebe~xpu a Pi~icpnk ocybnkih xki @eaPifea nagzixexeab/ xki

zypza~i a vkenk vc~ xa ibnaypcfi oanco eaxink naggybexei~ xa ebxipcnx gapi noa~iou/ xanpicxi cb ibxpizpibiypeco ~zepex cgabf ~neibxe~x~ cbh xa kioz xkig eb xki ~ixxebf yz a xkiepavb `y~ebi~~i~"3>< Xki ceg vc~ xa ibcòi Fipgcbu~ ocffebf èaxinkbaoafu ebhy~xpu xaa|ipxcdi ex~ @pexe~k naybxipzcpx cbh xa inagi xki oichip eb Iypazi"

Abi naggibxcxap/ vpexebf eb icpou 0:::/ kceoih xki~i ga|i~ c~ cb i{cgzoi a c biv xuzi axinkbaoafu zaoenu" Xki ybi{zinxih kc~ kczzibih" Xki ihipco fa|ipbgibx kc~ c~~ygihc oichip~kez paoi/ cbh e~ pi~zab~eòi ap xki xypbcpaybh eb èaxink cbh |ibxypi nczexco"3>6Xkipi vc~ nipxcebou c pigcpdcòi ~ypfi eb xki npicxeab a biv eaxinkbaoafu nagzcbei~/ yxxki naoocz~i a xki ~xand gcpdix aag i{za~ih xki pceoxu a ~agi a xki~i pg~/ vkenk kch|c~xou eblcxih xkiep zpax i{zinxcxeab~" Coxkayfk coo ~xand i{nkcbfi~ vipi kex u xki ~kcpi

zpeni naoocz~i/ xki Biyip Gcpdx ~yipih ga~x4 ex vc~ noa~ih cx xki ibh a 0::0"C ~aìp pi|eiv a xki Fipgcb eaxinkbaoafu ebhy~xpu/ vpexxib eb 0::>/ baxih xkcx xki gcxy'pcxeab zpani~~ a xki Fipgcb eaxinkbaoafu ebhy~xpu kc~ ìib c`pyzxou ~xazzih4 ga~x Fip'gcb nagzcbei~ ocndih xki npexenco gc~~ ap ~y~xcebcèoexu"3>; Coxkayfk ~agi eaxinkbaoafupg~ ~yp|e|ih xki npc~k cbh i~xcòe~kih xkig~io|i~ c~ |ecòi nabnipb~/ xki fpavxk a xkiebhy~xpu hypebf xki 0:::~ kc~ ìib he~czzaebxebfou ~oav/ c~ ex kc~ ìib eb axkip Iypazicbnaybxpei~"3>5

Lap ~agi Fipgcb a`~ip|ip~ xki naoocz~i a xki Biyip Gcpdx ncgi càyx incy~i xki Fipgcb`y~ebi~~ ~u~xig heh bax oibh ex~io xa xki debh a kefk'pe~d/ kefk'pivcph apg a nczexcoe~gxkcx laype~kih eb xki Y^" Xki ocxi 355:~/ cnnaphebf xa xke~ |eiv/ vipi ~agixkebf a cb cìp'

pcxeab" Zpeap xa 3556/ Fipgcbu vc~ oancxih eb c nab|ibxeabco nagzcbu isyeoe`peyg eb vkenk axk eb|i~xap~ cbh igzoauii~ kch c oav'pe~d zpaoi" Eb xki ocxi 355:~ xkipi vc~ c ~efbencbxebnpic~i eb xki cgaybx a pe~d nczexco" Xki ~ypfi eb kefk'xink EZA~ ab xki Biyip Gcpdx vc~cxxpe`yxcòi xa xke~ pei ~ypfi eb xki c|ceocèoexu a pe~d nczexco" ebni 0::3/ kavi|ip/ xki ~yz'zou a pe~d nczexco kc~ pi|ipxih xa oi|io~ nappi~zabhebf gapi xa xki bapg~ a xki 35;:~ cbhp~x zcpx a xki 355:~"38:

I|ib e xke~ myhfigibx e~ nappinx/ xki pcxeabcoi xkcx ocu ìkebh xki laxcxeab a Hiyx~nkiXioidag cbh xki npicxeab a xki Biyip Gcpdx pigcebih |coeh" Xki Fipgcb y~ebi~~ ~u~xigbiihih xa ga|i cx oic~x ~agi a xki vcu xavcph~ xki Cgipencb gahio cbh xa zpa|ehi c gapinabhyne|i ib|epabgibx ap ~xcpx'yz pg~" Ex vc~ ba oabfip ibayfk xa piou ab fecbx~ ~ynk c~


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C ypxkip ~xiz xavcph~ naazipcxeab ncgi eb 35;9 vkib Zpi~ehibx Gexxippcbh a Lpcbni zpa'za~ih xki npicxeab a c Iypazicb Pi~icpnk Naaphebcxebf Cfibnu/ ocxip dbavb c~ Iypidc"


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Xki xpeffip vc~ xki cbbaybnigibx u Zpi~ehibx Picfcb a xki xpcxifen Hiibni Ebexecxe|i/cb cgèxeay~ zocb xa npicxi c hiib~e|i ~keioh cfceb~x ebnagebf ge~~eoi~" Vkeoi gcbu ebIypazi hay`xih xki xinkbenco ic~eèoexu a xki ~a'ncooih xcp Vcp~ zpafpcggi/ ex vc~ pin'afbe~ih xkcx HE vayoh ybh |c~x cgaybx~ a pi~icpnk eb xinkbaoafei~ xkcx kch naggipnecoczzoencxeab~"398 Vkcxi|ip xki ayxnagi a HE eb xipg~ a hiibni/ xki zpafpcggi vc~ oediou

xa ~xpibfxkib Cgipenc~ kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~ cbh gcdi ex i|ib kcphip ap Iypazicbnagzcbei~ xa ncxnk yz"

Iypidc vc~ c Lpibnk ebexecxe|i/ cbh xki ebexeco picnxeab eb xki YD cbh Fipgcbu vc~ ~niz'xenco" @yx ebhy~xpecoe~x~ eb xki~i naybxpei~ pinafbe~ih xkcx Iypidc/ cb ebxip'fa|ipbgibxcozpafpcggi ayx~ehi xki nabxpao a xki Iypazicb Nagge~~eab/ gefkx kc|i ~agi ch|cbxcfi~4nagzcbei~ nayoh hinehi vkixkip ap bax xa xcdi zcpx c~ xkiu ve~kih/ cbh Iypidc gefkx y~i'yoou ~yzzoigibx bcxeabco P , H zpafpcggi~" Iypidc zpaminx~ vayoh co~a ì bicpip xkigcpdix xkcb xki zpi'nagzixexe|i pi~icpnk ~yzzapxih u xki Iypazicb Nagge~~eab" @u 35;5bicpou >:: Iypidc zpaminx~ vipi ybhip vcu/ a vkenk càyx c sycpxip piocxih xa ebapgcxeabxinkbaoafu cbh cbaxkip 0: zip nibx xa eaxinkbaoafu cbh gihenco xinkbaoafei~" Xva a xki

èffi~x zpafpcggi~ vipi xki KHX\ ~nkigi/ hi~efbih xa i~xcòe~k c Iypazicb ~xcbhcphap kefk'hibexeab pachnc~xebf/ cbh MI^Ê +Maebx Iypazicb y`genpab eoenab Ebexecxe|i%cegih cx ~yzzapxebf xki hi|ioazgibx a ch|cbnih ~igenabhynxap~"

C~ xki~i zpafpcggi~ vipi xcdebf ~kczi/ cbaxkip ebexecxe|i/ vexk fpicxip egzapxcbni apxki yxypi a Iypazi/ vc~ ybhip vcu" Hi~zexi xki oavipebf a xcpe~ xkcx kch aooavih xkinpicxeab a xki Naggab Gcpdix eb 359;/ xkipi vipi ~xeoo bygipay~ bab'xcpe cppeip~ xkcxzpi|ibxih nagzcbei~ pag nagzixebf ab c xpcb~'Iypazicb c~e~" Xki piga|co a xki~i `cp'peip~/ cbh xki zpagaxeab a azib nagzixexeab eb ~inxap~ vkenk kch zpi|eay~ou iib zpaxinxihù fa|ipbgibx~/ vipi ~iib c~ i~~ibxeco ~xiz~ xavcph~ pi'ibipfe~ebf Iypazicb ebhy~xpu" Xke~vc~ eb oebi vexk xki piapg~ xkcx vipi iebf ybhipxcdib u xki Xkcxnkip fa|ipbgibx/ cbhxki YD zpa|ehih gynk a xki egzixy~ xkcx oih xa xki ebfoi Iypazicb Cnx eb 35;:: ~zinen gic~ypi~na|ipebf ~ynk cpic~ c~ zpiipibxeco zyòen zpanypigibx cbh xki zpa|e~eab a ~xcxi ceh~/ vexkxki a|ippehebf a`minxe|i a cooavebf gcpdix~ xa vapd gapi piiou"

Xki cpnkexinx~ a xki Cnx ioei|ih xkcx ex vayoh zpahyni c hpcgcxencoou biv ib|epabgibxap nab~ygip~ cbh zpahynip~ coedi"39< Xki fceb~ vayoh nagi eb ayp gceb cpic~= pihynxeab~eb na~x~ xkcbd~ xa inabagei~ a ~ncoi4 egzpa|ih ineibnu vexkeb nagzcbei~/ vexk zpeni~ga|ebf havbvcph xavcph zpahynxeab na~x~ ybhip xki zpi~~ypi a gapi nagzixexeab4 xkipicooancxeab a pi~aypni~ cgabf Iypazicb naybxpei~ eb pi~zab~i xa heipibni~ eb nagzcpc'xe|i ch|cbxcfi4 cbh gapi ebba|cxeab/ fibipcxih u xki hubcgen~ a xki ebxipbco gcpdix"

Xki~i cgèxeab~ vipi abou zcpxecoou yoooih" Nagzixexe|i zpi~~ypi nipxcebou ebnpic~ih/ cbh~i|ipco nagzcbei~ ~ayfkx xa picd ayx a vkcx vipi ba oabfip ~ci hagi~xen kc|ib~ u gipf'ebf vexk ap cnsyepebf pg~ eb axkip zcpx~ a Iypazi" Xefkxip pyoi~ ab ~y`~ehei~ zpi|ibxihfa|ipbgibx~ pag na~~ixebf xkiep bcxeabco nkcgzeab~" Eb zyòen yxeoexu ebhy~xpei~ ~ynk c~xioinaggybencxeab~/ xki Nagge~~eab apnih fa|ipbgibx~ xa azib yz xkiep gcpdix~ xa bivibxpcbx~ cbh xa i~xcòe~k ebhizibhibx pifyocxap~ nkcpfih vexk ib~ypebf xkcx xki apgipebnygìbx~ heh bax c`y~i xkiep gcpdix zavip4 ga~x Iypazicb fa|ipbgibx~/ aooavebf xkioich ~ix u xki YD/ zpe|cxe~ih xkiep xioinaggybencxeab~ azipcxap~ hypebf xki 355:~"

Abi a xki èffi~x ~ynni~~i~ ap xki ~ebfoi gcpdix zpafpcggi ncgi eb gaèoi xioizkabu"Vkib gaèoi xioizkabi~ vipi p~x ebxpahynih/ y~ebf cbcoafyi xinkbaoafu/ xki Iypazicb


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gcpdix vc~ pcfgibxih u ebnagzcxeòi bcxeabco ~xcbhcph~" Lap xki bi{x fibipcxeab a xio'izkabi~/ c~ih ab hefexco xinkbaoafu/ xki Iypazicb Nagge~~eab ~inypih xki cfpiigibx agigìp ~xcxi~ xa i~xcòe~k c Iypazi'vehi ~xcbhcph/ dbavb c~ F^G/ vkenk cooavih bix'vapd zpa|ehip~ cbh gcbycnxypip~ a isyezgibx xa nagzixi ab c Iypazicb c~e~" Xki F^G~xcbhcph zyx eb zocni c ~xcbhcph ap c gcpdix c gcpdix xkcx vc~ ocpfi ibayfk ap oichebf

nabxebibxco zocuip~ xa cnkei|i xki ~ncoi bini~~cpu xa nagzixi foa`coou" Xky~/ zyòen zaoenuvc~ bax zpaxinxeabe~g eb he~fye~i yx pcxkip gcpdix'npicxebf eb xki ~ib~i xkcx ex i~xcòe~kihc ocpfi ibayfk ~ebfoi gcpdix xa ibcòi Iypazicb +c~ ex xypbih ayx xki vebbip~ vipi ncbhe'bc|ecb/ yx xke~ vc~ bax zpi'aphcebih% xa picnk ~ncoi cbh i nagzixexe|i eb foa`co gcpdix~"396Xki ~ynni~~ a F^G ~kavih xkcx xki npicxeab a c cppeip'pii ebxipbco gcpdix nayoh aa~xxki nagzixexe|ibi~~ a Iypazicb ebhy~xpu cbh zpa|ehi nab~ygip~ vexk ixxip zpahynx~ cbh~ip|eni~"39;

Uix xki egzcnx a xki 3550 zpafpcggi vc~ bax c~ i{xib~e|i c~ ex~ zpazabibx~ kch kazih"395Coxkayfk xki bygìp a npa~~'àphip gipfip~ cbh cnsye~exeab~ ebnpic~ih/ xki ~xpynxypi aIypazicb ebhy~xpu eb xki geh'355:~ vc~ bax |ipu heipibx pag vkcx ex kch iib xib uicp~

icpoeip" C~ c ocxip ~xyhu ù xki Iypazicb Nagge~~eab pigcpdih/ eb xki vcdi a xki êbfoiIypazicb Gcpdix xki i{xibx a ~xpynxypco nkcbfi czzicp~ xa kc|i ìib ~agivkcx he~cz'zaebxebfou ~oav"3


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Ba" 3!0:30

nyppibx fypi a zip nibx%4 cbh ~aybh gcnpainabagen zaoenei~"

Xki ~ynni~~ a xki Oe~àb zpafpcggi kebfih ab xki pi~zab~i pag bcxeabco fa|ipbgibx~/`yx xki naggexgibx a gigìp ~xcxi~ xypbih ayx xa ì oi~~ xkcb vkaoikicpxih" Eb 0::0 ckefk'oi|io fpayz a inabage~x~ ~ix yz ù xki Nagge~~eab cbh oih ù Cbhp ^czep pizapxih

xkcx ~y`~xcbxe|i ayxnagi~ +pag xki Oe~àb zpani~~% cpi ~a cp gicfpi" Xki gceb pinag'gibhcxeab a xki ^czep pizapx vc~ xkcx xkcx xki Iypazicb Ybeab biihih xa fa c~xip cbhypxkip eb oeìpcoe~ebf xki inabagu" Vkcx e~ biihih bav e~ oi~~ |ipxencoou ebxifpcxih pg~/fpicxip gaèoexu vexkeb cbh cnpa~~ pg~/ gapi pixpcebebf/ fpicxip li{eèoexu a ocàyp gcp'dix~/ fpicxip c|ceocèoexu a i{xipbco bcbni/ i~zinecoou isyexu bcbni/ cbh kefkip eb|i~xgibxeb àxk P , H cbh kefkip ihyncxeab" Eb axkip vaph~/ vkcx e~ pisyepih e~ c gc~~e|i nkcbfieb inabagen eb~xexyxeab~ cbh apfcbe~cxeab~/ vkenk kc~ bax uix annyppih ab c ocpfi ~ncoi ebIypazi"3"9" IYPAZICB EBHY^XPU @ILAPI XKI LEBCBNECO NPEÊ^

Xki ~kex cvcu pag fa|ipbgibx ebxip|ibxeab eb xki 35;:~ cbh 355:~/ xafixkip vexk xki eb'npic~i eb nagzixexe|i zpi~~ypi cpe~ebf pag gapi azib gcpdix~ cbh gapi higcbhebf eb|i~'xap~/ egzpa|ih xki ineibnu a Iypazicb ebhy~xpu cbh xa ~agi i{xibx nappinxih xki ippap~ncy~ih u eoo'myhfih ebhy~xpeco zaoenei~ eb xki 35


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xypi/ ex ~iigih/ vc~ bax abou kaohebf `cnd zpahynxe|exu fpavxk/ `yx co~a gcdebf ex henyoxap Iypazi xa chczx xa xki nkcbfebf ebxipbcxeabco he|e~eab a ocàyp" Xki cnx xkcx ~a gynka Iypazi~ xpchi vc~ nabnibxpcxih eb ~inxap~ vexk giheyg'kefk xinkbaoafei~ cbh oav'xa'ebxipgihecxi ocàyp ~deoo~ i{za~ih Iypazicb naybxpei~ xa nagzixexeab pag zpahynip~ ebigipfebf naybxpei~ xkcx vipi yzfpchebf xki ~deoo ebxib~exu a xkiep i{zapx~" Chczxcèoexu cbh

~xpynxypco nkcbfi/ cooavebf c gapi pa`y~x ~exycxeab a nagzcpcxe|i ch|cbxcfi/ cpi npexencooubiihih e xki IY e~ xa gc{ege~i xki fceb~ pag xki ebxifpcxeab a Nkebc/ Ebhec cbh axkip c~xfpavebf inabagei~ ebxa xki vapoh inabagu"3


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Xki ~cgi xkigi vc~ xcdib yz u Genkcio zibni/ c Baìo zpe}i'vebbebf inabage~x" zibnicpfyih xkcx zip~e~xibxou kefk ybigzoaugibx eb xki Y^ vc~ hyi eb zcpx xa xki he~czzicp'cbni a gcbycnxypebf ma`~ cbh xkcx xke~ xpibh gy~x ì pi|ip~ih" 363 Xkipi vc~ bax ibayfkebnibxe|i ap Y^ nagzcbei~ xa eb|i~x eb xinkbesyi~ xkcx ibkcbnih ocàyp zpahynxe|exu eb xkixpchcòi ~inxap~ a xki inabagu" Xke~ vc~ bax c gcpdix ceoypi eb xki nab|ibxeabco inabagen

~ib~i/ ^zibnip ~yffi~xih/ `yx ex kch xa ì naybxipih ù biv eb|i~xgibx eb ch|cbnih xink'baoafei~ vexk zyòen ~yzzapx"

Cgabf Iypazicb naybxpei~ Lpcbni e~ xki abi vkipi xki hiebhy~xpecoe~cxeab hi`cxi kc~ iibpybbebf ga~x ~xpabfou"360 Hypebf ke~ ~inabh xipg c~ Zpi~ehibx a xki Pizyòen/ Mcnsyi~ Nkepcneb|exih Micb'Oaye~ @ic/ xki kich a x Fa`ceb/ xa gcdi zpaza~co~ ap c biv ebhy~xpeco zaoenuvkenk vayoh ib~ypi xkcx Lpcbni heh bax coo ìkebh eb xki ebhy~xpei~ a xki yxypi" @icvc~ c~dih xa i{cgebi eb vkenk ~inxap~ cbh u vkcx gixkah~ Lpcbni nayoh ~ix eb xpceb ybipiocbni cgèxeiy~i hi~ fpcbh~ zpafpcggi~ ~neibxelsyi~ ix xinkbaoafesyi~ ' cb inka a xkifpcbh~ zpamix~ a xki zc~x" Eb ke~ pizapx @ic ncooih ap gaèoe~ebf zpafpcggi~ xcpfixih cxocpfi pe~du zpaminx~ vkenk biihih c ~xcxi nabxpe`yxeab ap xkiep bcbnebf"36> Xki~i zpaminx~

vayoh ì pyb ù c biv cfibnu/ Cfibni hi oebba|cxeab ebhy~xpeiooi +CEE%/ cbh vayoh ì a'ny~ih ab |i gceb cpic~= ibipfu/ xpcb~zapx/ ib|epabgibx/ kicoxk cbh ebapgcxeab xinkbaoafu"

Xki biv cfibnu vc~ ~ix yz eb 0::9 vexk c yhfix a 0`b/ cbh a|ip xki bi{x xva uicp~ ~agixvibxu zpaminx~ vipi ~xcpxih/ ga~x a xkig maebxou bcbnih vexk Lpibnk ap Iypazicb nag'zcbei~" Abi a xki p~x vc~ Sycipa/ cb cxxigzx xa npicxi c ~icpnk ibfebi xkcx vayoh nagzixivexk Faafoi eb xki Y^" Xkag~ab cbh Lpcbni Xioinag vipi xki zpegi ga|ip~ eb xke~ |ibxypi/eb vkenk Fipgcb nagzcbei~ co~a cfpiih xa zcpxenezcxi/ `yx ex gchi oexxoi zpafpi~~ cbh xkiFipgcb~ ~y`~isyibxou vexkhpiv" CEE vc~ ~y`~isyibxou noa~ih havb/ cxip Nkepcn kch oixani/ cbh ex~ ybnxeab~ xpcb~ippih xa cbaxkip fa|ipbgibx cfibnu/ AÎA/ vkenk kch c vehippi~zab~eèoexu ap ~yzzapxebf ebba|cxeab eb ~gcoo' cbh giheyg'~e}ih pg~"368

Cbaxkip Lpibnk ebexecxe|i hypebf xki Nkepcn zpi~ehibnu vc~ xki npicxeab azoi~ hi nagzxe'xe|ex/ ap nagzixexe|ibi~~ noy~xip~/ oaa~iou `c~ih ab xki êoenab \cooiu gahio" Xki ehic vc~xa `pebf xafixkip eb c zcpxenyocp pifeab pg~/ pi~icpnk nibxpi~ cbh xpcebebf cbh ihyncxeabcneoexei~ ìoabfebf xa xki ~cgi ebhy~xpeco ~inxap/ cbh xa ibnaypcfi xkig xa vapd xafixkipab ebba|cxe|i zpaminx~" agi


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oebf 3"0`b eb xvibxu'abi nagzcbei~/ ebnoyhebf Ginncba/ xki xau gcbycnxypip/ cbh HceouGaxeab/ cb ebxipbix ~xcpx'yz" Npexen~ a xki ybh vipi pioei|ih xkcx xki ybh vc~ bax y~ihxa pi~nyi ocgi hynd~" Ex~ azipcxeab~ vipi ap xki ga~x zcpx ~egeocp xa xka~i a c zpe|cxiisyexu fpayz/ `yx vexk c ~xpabf apeibxcxeab xavcph~ zpi~ip|ebf Lpibnk avbip~kez4 eb cx oic~xabi nc~i/ vkib abi a xki nagzcbei~ eb vkenk ex kch eb|i~xih vc~ zyx yz ap ~coi/ xki Lybh

y~ih ex~ |axi~ xa ib~ypi xkcx xki `yuip vc~ Lpibnk/ hi~zexi kefkip aip~ pag bab'Lpibnknagzcbei~"366

C~ ^cpda}u i{zocebih eb c ocxip ~ziink/ ki vc~ hixipgebih xa y~i xki zavip a xki ~xcxixa pi~e~x hi'ebhy~xpecoe~cxeab cbh xa ~xpibfxkib Lpcbni~ za~exeab eb diu ebhy~xpei~/ my~x c~ke~ zpihini~~ap~ kch habi" Vkipi xki fa|ipbgibx vc~ c ~kcpikaohip eb cb ebhy~xpeco ib'xipzpe~i ~ynk c~ Pibcyox/ ex ~kayoh y~i ex~ eblyibni xa ib~ypi xkcx xki nagzcbu~ ~xpcxifenhine~eab~ vipi eb xki i~x ebxipi~x~ a xki naybxpu4 ex vc~ bax cnnizxcòi/ cpda}u ~ceh/ xkcxxki zpe|cxiou'avbih Ziyfiax kch xva xkeph~ a ex~ vapohvehi igzoauii~ eb Lpcbni/ vkeoiPibcyox kch abou abi xkeph"

Kav cp cpda}u nayoh fa eb xki hepinxeab a ebxip|ibxeabe~x zaoenei~ vc~ nab~xpcebih axk u

yhfixcpu zpi~~ypi~ cbh u Iypazicb Ybeab pyoi~ ab ~xcxi ceh~4 xkipi vc~ ba syi~xeab a pi'|ipxebf xa aoh'~xuoi Lpibnk hepefe~gi"36; Bi|ipxkioi~~/ ke~ cnxe|e~g kiozih xa ~zcpd c pibivihebxipi~x eb ebhy~xpeco zaoenu eb axkip Iypazicb naybxpei~/ bax oic~x xki YD

âgi @pexe~k `y~ebi~~ oichip~ vipi ebnpic~ebfou ybkczzu vexk xki oce~~i}'cepi czzpacnkxavcph~ ebhy~xpeco zaoenu vkenk kch iib aooavih u ~ynni~~e|i fa|ipbgibx~" Eb c vehioubaxih ~ziink êp Makb Pa~i/ nkei i{inyxe|i a Paoo~'Pauni/ xki cipa'ibfebi gcbycnxypip/hizoapih xki oa~~ a i{zipxe~i eb ~ynk ebhy~xpei~ c~ pceovcu~/ zavip fibipcxeab cbh bynoicpzavip/ nagzcpebf xki nabxebyih ~ynni~~ a Lpibnk cbh Fipgcb nagzcbei~ oedi êigib~cbh Cpi|c vexk xki |epxyco he~czzicpcbni a xkiep @pexe~k naybxipzcpx~" Ki ypfih xki fa|ipb'gibx xa hi|ioaz c noicpip ~ib~i a hepinxeab ap ebhy~xpu" Vi biih/ ki ~ceh/ c pcgivapd/

ap c y~ebi~~ payxi gcz/ xa npicxi nabxi{x/ hpe|i any~ cbh kioz zpeapexe~i zyòen cbh zpe|cxi~inxap eb|i~xgibx" Ybapxybcxiou xki icp a pixypbebf xa cbuxkebf xkcx pigaxiou pi~igòi~nibxpcoe~ih ebhy~xpeco zocbbebf kc~ pi~yoxih eb i|ib xki he~ny~~eab a ~ynk c pcgivapd i'ebf a oegex~"365

êp Makb~ pigcpd~ czzicpih xa kc|i oexxoi egzcnx ab fa|ipbgibx zaoenu4 Ocàyp vc~ ~xendebfxa xki bab'ebxip|ibxeabe~x ~xcbni vkenk ex kch ebkipexih pag Gcpfcpix Xkcxnkip" Xavcph~xki ibh a xki fa|ipbgibx~ xipg/ kavi|ip/ xkipi vipi ~efb~ a c nkcbfi eb xkebdebf" ZixipGcbhio~ab/ vka vc~ payfkx cnd xa xki fa|ipbgibx eb 0::; c~ @y~ebi~~ inpixcpu/ ioei|ihxkcx xki YD kch cooavih ex~io xa ìnagi xaa hizibhibx ab bcbneco ~ip|eni~" Hpcvebf abch|eni pag Pa~i cbh axkip ebhy~xpecoe~x~/ ki oaadih ap vcu~ a pi`cocbnebf xki inabagu/ yx bax u gicb~ a aoh'~xuoi ebxip|ibxeab" Fa|ipbgibx biihih xa kioz eb xka~i cpic~ vkipi y~ebi~~i~ vayoh bax ap nayoh bax xcdi xki oich incy~i gcpdix ~efbco~ ap ebnibxe|i~ vipibax ~xpabf ibayfk"3;: Eb ~i|ipco ~ziinki~ cbh ebxip|eiv~ ki piippih chgepebfou xa xkiLpibnk fa|ipbgibx~ ebhy~xpeco zaoenu/ ~yffi~xebf xkcx xki YD nayoh oicpb pag xki vcu xkiLpibnk fa|ipbgibx xaad ncpi a kefk'xinkbaoafu nagzcbei~"3;3 Xke~ vc~ vcpgou vionagihù xki Xpchi~ Ybeab Nabfpi~~/ vkenk cpfyih xkcx vkcx ^cpda}u vc~ haebf xkpayfk xki ^xpc'xifen Eb|i~xgibx Lybh ~kayoh i egexcxih eb xki YD"3;0

Eb c Vkexi Zczip zyòe~kih eb 0::5/ Gcbhio~ab ncooih ap c biv cnxe|e~g ab xki zcpx afa|ipbgibx xa kioz y~ebi~~ i{zoaex xki azzapxybexei~ xkcx vipi inagebf c|ceocòi/ i~zi'necoou eb ch|cbnih xinkbaoafei~"3;> Xki fa|ipbgibx ~kayoh i veooebf xa nab~ehip xcpfixihebxip|ibxeab vkipi noicp fceb~ nayoh ì cnkei|ih" Eb c pi|eiv a zaoenu zyòe~kih ~kapxou


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ìapi xki 0:3: ioinxeab/ xki fa|ipbgibx pizapxih ~i|ipco i{cgzoi~ a ~inxapco ebxip|ib'xeab/ ~agi a vkenk vipi hepinxih cx ebhe|ehyco nagzcbei~ +ap i{cgzoi/ c fpcbx xa Be~~cbxa ~yzzapx c biv cxxipu zocbx cbh xki gcbycnxypi a c biv ioinxpen ncp% vkeoi axkip~ vipinabnipbih vexk ch|cbnih xinkbaoafei~/ ebnoyhebf nagza~exi gcxipeco~/ zoc~xen ioinxpaben~cbh ebhy~xpeco èaxinkbaoafu"3;8

Vkib xki Nab~ip|cxe|i'Oeìpco nacoexeab fa|ipbgibx vc~ apgih cxip xki 0:3: ioinxeab~agi a xki~i fpcbx~ vipi vexkhpcvb" Xki biv @y~ebi~~ înpixcpu/ \ebni Ncòi/ ~ceh ki kchba ebxibxeab a xpuebf xa genpa'gcbcfi xki inabagu cx xki oi|io a ebhe|ehyco nagzcbei~ap ~a'ncooih bcxeabco nkcgzeab~"3;9 Ab xki axkip kcbh/ ki ~kcpih Zixip Gcbhio~ab~ |eivxkcx xki gcbycnxypebf ~inxap kch hinoebih xaa cp cbh biihih xa i pi|e|ih" ^yzzapxebf xkiebhy~xpei~ a xki yxypi/ ki ~ceh eb c ocxip ~ziink/ pisyepi~ chhpi~~ebf ~agi a xki gcpdixceoypi~ eb|ao|ih" Abi ~ynk ceoypi vc~ eb xki ebba|cxeab zkc~i a biv xinkbaoafei~/ kibnixki hine~eab xa i~xcòe~k c bixvapd a Xinkbaoafu Ebba|cxeab Nibxpi~/ oaa~iou c~ih ab xkiLpcybkaip gahio eb Fipgcbu" Xki fa|ipbgibx co~a ~ix yz c Pifeabco Fpavxk Lybh xa zpa'|ehi oegexih cgaybx~ a ~iih nczexco c~ c ncxcou~x ap biv eb|i~xgibx ù xki zpe|cxi ~inxap/

i~zinecoou eb cpic~ a xki naybxpu vkipi xkipi kch ìib c ke~xapen pioecbni ab xki zyòen~inxap ap ma`~" Vexk xki~i cbh axkip ~yzzapxe|i zaoenei~ eb zocni/ Ncòi vc~ nabhibx xkcxvapoh'noc~~ gcbycnxypebf veoo abni cfceb i cx xki kicpx a ayp inabagu"3;


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`y~ebi~~ eb c vcu xkcx vayoh ì gapi nabhyne|i xa ebba|cxeab" @yx ex vc~ pinafbe~ih xkcxfibipco zaoenei~ ap i{cgzoi/ eb xki cpic a ~xcbhcphe~cxeab ap zcxibx~ cinxih heipibx~inxap~ eb heipibx vcu~/ cbh xkcx ebhy~xpeco zaoenu vc~ gapi oediou xa i iinxe|i e ex xaadcnnaybx a xki~i ~inxapco heipibni~" Xke~ kc~ iib hi~npeìh c~ xki gcxpe{ czzpacnk/ c~ihab cb ybhip~xcbhebf xkcx xki iinx~ a `pach kape}abxco gic~ypi~ ncb |cpu ~efbencbxou

pag ebhy~xpu xa ebhy~xpu/ xkcx nagzixexe|ibi~~ biih~ ~zinen zaoenu ge{i~ ap ~zinen ~in'xap~/ cbh xkcx ~agi ~inxap~ gcu pisyepi nagzoigibxcpu gic~ypi~ xkcx cpi bax bini~~cpu appioi|cbx eb axkip ~inxap~"3;;

Vkixkip Iypazi 0:0: veoo i gapi ~ynni~~yo xkcb Oe~àb veoo hizibh gynk gapi ab hine'~eab~ xcdib eb gigìp ~xcxi~ xkcb ab xki cnxe|exei~ a xki Nagge~~eab ex~io" C~ xkebf~ ~xaahcx xki ibh a 0:33/ vkib xke~ zczip vc~ vpexxib/ Iypazicb fa|ipbgibx~ vipi xaa zpian'nyzeih vexk xki yxypi a xki iypa cbh xki vicdbi~~ a xki bcbneco ~inxap xa hi|axi gynkcxxibxeab xa ebhy~xpeco zaoenu" @yx xki e~~yi a ebhy~xpeco nagzixexe|ibi~~/ cbh vkcx fa|ipb'gibx~ nayoh ha xa ibkcbni ex/ pigcebih c gcxxip a zpi~~ebf nabnipb/ àxk eb @py~~io~ cbheb bcxeabco nczexco~"

9" NABNOYÊAB

Xki i|ibx~ hi~npeìh eb xke~ zczip xkpav yz ~agi noicp oi~~ab~ càyx vkcx fa|ipbgibx~~kayoh bax ha eb xki ioh a ebhy~xpeco zaoenu" Vkcx xkiu ~kayoh ha e~ c gapi henyox syi~'xeab xa cb~vip"

Ga~x a xki ippap~ piocxi xa xki p~x zkc~i/ ìxviib xki 359:~ cbh 35;:~/ coxkayfk ~agi axkig vipi ~xeoo iebf naggexxih eb xki ~inabh" Xkiu ~xiggih pag cb i{cffipcxih ioei ebxki cèoexu a fa|ipbgibx~ xa ehibxeu cbh nappinx gcpdix ceoypi~/ cbh xki nab~isyibx xib'hibnu xa ~y`~xexyxi xki myhfigibx a zaoexenecb~ cbh `ypicynpcx~ ap xkcx a ibxpizpibiyp~cbh y~ebi~~ gcbcfip~" Xkipi vc~ co~a c ceoypi xa pinafbe~i xkcx giheyg'~e}ih Iypazicbbcxeab~ nayoh bax picoe~xencoou i{zinx xa nagzixi eb coo gcmap ebhy~xpei~ cbh xinkbaoafei~"Cxxigzx~ xa npicxi nagzixexe|i ch|cbxcfi xkpayfk fa|ipbgibx hepinxeab cbh ~yzzapx vipifibipcoou yb~ynni~~yo/ vkeoi ebxip|ibxeab eb he~xpi~~ih ebhy~xpei~/ xa cppi~x xki hinoebi apxa gcdi ex oi~~ zcebyo ap igzoauii~/ ~ip|ih oexxoi zypza~i axkip xkcb xa hiocu xki ~kex api~aypni~ xa gapi |ecòi ~inxap~"

A xki xkpii ocpfi Iypazicb naybxpei~ he~ny~~ih eb xke~ zczip/ xki YD gchi xki vap~x ge~'xcdi~ hypebf xki p~x zkc~i/ cbh ~yipih cnnaphebfou" Xki ì~x zipapgebf inabagu vc~xkcx a Vi~x Fipgcbu/ vkipi xki y~i a ebxip|ibxeabe~x zaoenei~ vc~ xaa oegexih xa ncy~igynk hcgcfi" Lpcbni~ i{zipeibni vc~ ge{ih/ vexk i{zib~e|i ceoypi~ ~ynk c~ xki ZocbNconyo a~ix u ~agi ~ynni~~i~ c~ eb bynoicp zavip cbh xioinaggybencxeab~" C vicdbi~~ eb

Lpibnk zaoenu vc~ xki zpiannyzcxeab vexk bcxeabco nkcgzeab~/ vkenk npicxih ~agi ~xpabfnagzcbei~ yx kch c he~xapxebf iinx ab xki cooancxeab a pi~aypni~"

Xki ~inabh zkc~i/ pag xki 35;:~ xa xki icpou 0:::~/ ~cv c ~kex cvcu pag ~ioinxe|i eb'xip|ibxeab xavcph~ kape}abxco zaoenei~" Xki npicxeab a c gapi azib cbh gapi nagzixexe|iIypazicb gcpdix/ vexk ~xpenxip zpakeèxeab~ ab xki cèoexu a fa|ipbgibx~ xa zpaxinx cbh~yzzapx xkiep bcxeabco nagzcbei~/ zyx zpi~~ypi ab pg~ xa pce~i xkiep zpahynxe|exu cbh xanabnibxpcxi ab y~ebi~~i~ vkipi xkiu nayoh icpb cb chisycxi pixypb" Xki pi~xpynxypebf aIypazicb ebhy~xpu vc~ co~a eblyibnih u ipnip ebxipbcxeabco nagzixexeab/ cbh u nkcbfi~eb xki nczexco gcpdix~ ' gapi higcbhebf eb|i~xap~/ gapi ka~xeoi xcdia|ip~ cbh gapi any~ab ~kcpikaohip |coyi"


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8;:/ xki ~yzip'mygà cepoebip/ vc~ yb|ieoih eb Xayoay~i eb0::9/ Zpi~ehibx Nkepcn kceoih xki Cep`y~ c~ c xpeygzk ap Iypazicb ebhy~xpeco zaoenu" Oixy~ zyp~yi xki ~ynni~~ a Cep`y~ ab axkip ioh~ ki ~ceh" Oix y~ cnkei|i xki ~cgi ayxnagiap xki ibipfu a xki yxypi/ ap xagappav~ xpcb~zapx cbh xioinaggybencxeab~/ ap xki gihe'

nebi~ a xki yxypi" Oix y~ ha ex xafixkip/ vexk c xpyou Iypazicb cgèxeab"359Ba abi nayoh he~zyxi xkcx xki Cep`y~ zpaminx e~ c pigcpdcòi higab~xpcxeab a Iypazicbebhy~xpu~ cèoexu xa gcxnk xki Y^ eb cb i{nizxeabcoou higcbhebf ~inxap" Uix ex kc~ ìib eg'gib~iou na~xou xa xki Iypazicb xc{zcuip/ cbh xki fceb~ xa nab~ygip~ kc|i zpa`còu ìibsyexi gahi~x"35< Gapia|ip/ c~ Zcyo îc`pefkx kc~ zaebxih ayx/ xki inabagen cbh xinkbenconkcpcnxipe~xen~ a xki cepnpcx ebhy~xpu gcdi xki Cep`y~ c ~zineco nc~i"356 Le{ih na~x~ a zpa'hynxeab cpi |ipu kefk/ c~ cpi inabagei~ a ~ncoi4 |cpecòi na~x~ coo ~kcpzou c~ xki |aoygia zpahynxeab ebnpic~i~" Yboedi ~agi axkip kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~ ~ynk c~ nagzyxip~/ny~xagip pisyepigibx~ cpi piocxe|iou ic~u xa hibi/ cbh piocxe|iou ~xcòi" C~ ic`pefkx baxi~/hi~efbebf biv cepnpcx e~ ocpfiou c gcxxip a xkpavebf gabiu cx xki nkcooibfi a ncppuebf c

fe|ib bygìp a zc~~ibfip~ ap c fe|ib he~xcbni cx pic~abcòi ~ziih cbh ~cixu cbh gebegygyio na~x" Zcpcha{encoou/ xke~ e~ abi a xka~i ebhy~xpei~ vkipi cb azib nkisyi'àad""""gcucnxycoou i c pinezi ap ~ynni~~"

Cbaxkip Iypazicb ebhy~xpu pag vkenk gapi y~iyo oi~~ab~ ncb ì oicpbih e~ gaèoi xi'oizkabu" C~ baxih icpoeip eb xke~ zczip/ xki npicxeab a xki F^G ~xcbhcph npicxih c Iypazi'vehi gcpdix eb gaèoi naggybencxeab~ cbh fibipcxih ~y`~xcbxeco ìbix~ ap nab~ygip~eb xki apg a ixxip sycoexu cbh oavip zpeni~" Abi a xki vebbip~ pag xkcx zpani~~ vc~ xkiLebbe~k nagzcbu/ Badec4 ybxeo ex~ pinibx xpayòi~ Badec kc~ iib pifcphih c~ abi a Iypazi~iv ~ynni~~i~ eb kefk xinkbaoafu" Uix/ c~ Nkpe~xazkip Zcogìpf cbh Ziddc Uo'Cbxxeoc kc|ii{zocebih/ xki pe~i a Badec vc~ bax xki pi~yox a c fa|ipbgibx gc~xip'zocb/ ap a zendebfvebbip~" Vkcx xki Lebbe~k fa|ipbgibx ~ayfkx xa ha hypebf xki 355:~ vc~ xa npicxi cb ib'

|epabgibx vkenk vayoh ibnaypcfi eb|i~xgibx eb dbavoihfi'`c~ih ebhy~xpei~/ i~zinecoouxka~i oebdih xa ebapgcxeab cbh naggybencxeab~ xinkbaoafu" Xki fa|ipbgibx any~ih abihyncxeab/ P , H cbh ebba|cxeab vexk xki a|ipcoo ceg a gcdebf Lebocbh cb cxxpcnxe|i oanc'xeab ap ebxipbcxeabcoou nagzixexe|i pg~" Xke~ eb|ao|ih cb ebnpic~i eb zyòen ~zibhebf abP , H cbh cb ibkcbnih paoi ap xki Bcxeabco Xinkbaoafu Cfibnu +cb cpg a xki Gebe~xpu aXpchi cbh Ebhy~xpu% eb ~ixxebf yz xinkbaoafu zpafpcggi~ eb fa|ipbgibx ocàpcxapei~ cbheb ebhy~xpu4 xki cfibnu co~a zpagaxih zcpxbip~kez~ ixviib zyòen pi~icpnk eb~xexyxi~ cbhxki zpe|cxi ~inxap"

Cb egzapxcbx oi~~ab e~ xkcx zaoenei~ xavcph~ ebhy~xpu gy~x i nab~e~xibx a|ip xki oabf xipgcbh bax henxcxih ù ~kapx'xipg nunoenco ap zaoexenco nab~ehipcxeab~" C~ Zcogìpf cbh Uo'

Cbxxeoc nabnoyhi/ ex e~ ayp a|ipcoo myhfigibx xkcx xki Lebbe~k zaoenei~ vipi còi xa bh czpazip cocbni ixviib cnxe|e~g cbh bab'ebxipipibni" Xki paoi a fa|ipbgibx vc~ xa cnx~xpabfou ibayfk vkipi xki gcpdix vc~ bax vapdebf/ e"i" eb P , H cbh ihyncxeab/ cbh xa npi'cxi cbh naggybencxi c naggab |e~eab a yxypi bcxeabco ~xpibfxk~ vexkayx ebxip|ibebf xaagynk eb xki ybnxeabebf a gcpdix~"

C nab~isyibni a xki Lebbe~k fa|ipbgibx~ zaoenei~/ c~ xki~i xva cyxkap~ cndbavoihfi/ e~xkcx Lebocbh gcu kc|i inagi xaa hizibhibx ab xki ENX ~inxap cbh ab Badec eb zcpxenyocp"Xki nibxpco zaoenu nkcooibfi xahcu e~ xa bh cb czzpazpecxi cocbni ixviib c ~xpabf any~ab ENX ab xki abi kcbh cbh c he|ip~eih ebhy~xpeco c~i ab xki axkip" Badec ex~io kc~ iib~xpyffoebf eb pinibx gabxk~ xa chczx xa ybi{zinxih nkcbfi~ eb ex~ gcpdix4 ex~ ~oav picnxeab


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xa xki xkpicx za~ih ù ~gcpxzkabi~ pag Czzoi cbh axkip ~yzzoeip~ oih xa c ~kcpz coo ebxki nagzcbu~ ~kcpi zpeni cbh pce~ih syi~xeab~ càyx ex~ yxypi"

Xki vehip syi~xeab xkcx cpe~i~ pag xki Lebbe~k nc~i e~ kav cp fa|ipbgibx~ ncb ~xiip xkiepbcxeabco ebhy~xpei~ xavcph~ zcpxenyocp xinkbaoafei~ cbh vkcx eb~xpygibx~ a zaoenu cpi c|ceo'

còi ap xkig xa ha ~a" âgi vpexip~ ìoei|i xkcx xki ~xcxi ncb cbh ~kayoh zocu cb ibxpi'zpibiypeco paoi" Gcpecbc Gc}}yncxa y~i~ Y^ i{zipeibni xa ~yzzapx kip cpfygibx xkcx xkifa|ipbgibx/ cp pag ~xelebf ebba|cxeab cbh ìebf c viefkx ab xki ~u~xig/ kc~ a~xipihebba|cxeab cbh hubcge~g eb gcbu ebhy~xpei~/ vexk xki zpe|cxi ~inxap axib xcdebf c `cnd~icx"35; ^ki zaebx~ xa xki nabxpe`yxeab gchi ù xki Hiib~i Ch|cbnih Pi~icpnk Zpaminx~Cfibnu +HCPZC% xa xki hi|ioazgibx a xki Y^ nagzyxip cbh ~igenabhynxap ebhy~xpei~" C~egeocp paoi/ ~ki xkebd~/ nayoh i zocuih u xki Xinkbaoafu xpcxifu @acph eb xki YD e ex vc~fe|ib ~yneibx pi~aypni~"355

Ex e~ xpyi xkcx Y^ ~ynni~~ eb ~agi kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~ ~xig~ eb zcpx pag eb|i~xgibx~gchi ù xki Lihipco fa|ipbgibx" @yx gcbu a xki~i eb|i~xgibx~ vipi cegih cx geoexcpupcxkip xkcb naggipneco a`minxe|i~/ cbh xki ~y`~isyibx ~ynni~~ a Y^ nagzcbei~ eb bab'

geoexcpu gcpdix~ vc~ bax xki hepinx nab~isyibni a fa|ipbgibx ~yzzapx" Eb ~igenabhynxap~/ap i{cgzoi/ xki Hizcpxgibx a Hiib~i zpa|ehih cb icpou gcpdix ap Cgipencb pg~ cbhfc|i xkig P , H nabxpcnx~ xa hi|ioaz hi~efb~ ap geoexcpu czzoencxeab~/ yx xki gcmap xink'baoafenco cnkei|igibx~ a xki 359:~ vipi eb ga~x nc~i~ cnnagzoe~kih ù nagzcbei~ y~ebfxkiep avb ybh~ cbh aooavebf c|ibyi~ |ipu heipibx pag xka~i xki HaH vc~ aooavebf"0::Eb nagzyxip~ xki zip~e~xibni a Y^ oichip~kez/ oabf cxip geoexcpu aphip~ kch nic~ih xa ì~efbencbx/ vc~ hyi xa axkip c~zinx~ a xki Cgipencb ib|epabgibx/ ebnoyhebf c |ibxypi ncze'xco ebhy~xpu vkenk ~yzzapxih c nab~xcbx lav a biv ibxpcbx~" Eb xki nc~i a eaxinkbaoafu/fa|ipbgibx ~yzzapx ap èagihenco pi~icpnk xkpayfk xki Bcxeabco Eb~xexyxi~ a Kicoxk e~abou abi +|ipu egzapxcbx% ebfpiheibx eb c ~ix a zaoenei~ cbh eb~xexyxeab~ vkenk kc|i ebnoyhihgcbu heipibx cfibx~ ~ynk c~ pi~icpnk ybe|ip~exei~/ |ibxypi nczexco pg~/ zcxibxebf ani~

cbh pifyocxapu cfibnei~"0:3

Eb hpcvebf nabnoy~eab~ pag xkiep ~xyhu a ebhy~xpeco oichip~kez eb ~i|ib ebhy~xpei~ Hc|ehGavipu cbh Penkcph Bio~ab igzkc~e~i xki ybnipxcebxei~ eb|ao|ih eb xki i|aoyxeab a bivxinkbaoafei~" Xki vebbip~ cbh oa~ip~ cpi i{xpcaphebcpeou henyox xa zpihenx/ ~a xkcx fa|ipb'gibx zaoenei~ xkcx eb|ao|i zocnebf ocpfi ix~ ab zcpxenyocp zcxk~ a hi|ioazgibx ap zcpxenyocppg~ cpi oediou xa ceo" Abi i{nizxeab/ xkiu ~yffi~x/ e~ vkib zyòen zaoenei~ cpi y~ih xa ncxnkyz vexk c noicp oichip vka~i nkcpcnxipe~xen~ ncb ì i|coycxih cbh xcpfixih" I|ib xkipi/ c~~kavb u xki Mczcbi~i i{zipeibni eb gcebpcgi nagzyxip~/ xki oichip xkcx zpa|ehih ~ynkc noicp xcpfix gcu kc|i ìib ~ypzc~~ih ù cbaxkip xinkbaoafu ù xki xegi xki aooavip kc~ncyfkx yz" E xki a`minxe|i e~ xa cnkei|i ap gcebxceb oichip~kez xki abou pic~abcòi vcu xa

cnnagzoe~k ex e~ xa ibnaypcfi zoypcoe~g cbh nagzixexeab"Xki Y^ inabagu kc~ ìbixih pag fa|ipbgibx ~yzzapx ap `c~en pi~icpnk cbh pag i'inxe|i cppcbfigibx~ ap xki hey~eab a xinkbaoafu pag zyòenou bcbnih pi~icpnk ebxaebhy~xpu" @yx xki hubcge~g a Cgipenc~ kefk'xinkbaoafu ebhy~xpei~ e~ ybhipzebbih u axkipeb~xexyxeab~ cbh zaoenei~/ ebnoyhebf c ~xpebfibx cbxexpy~x zaoenu cbh c bcbneco ~u~xig xkcxcneoexcxi~ biv ibxpu" Xki cnx xkcx ga~x a xki vapoh~ oichebf ebxipbix pg~ cpi c~ih eb xkiY^ e~ zcpxou hyi xa xki icpoeip hi|ioazgibx a xki pioi|cbx xinkbaoafei~ vexkeb xki Hizcpx'gibx a Hiib~i/ `yx/ c~ ^kcbi Fpiib~xieb kc~ vpexxib/ xki naggipneco ipc a xki ebxipbixzocuih xa xki ~xpibfxk a Y^'~xuoi gcpdix'`c~ih ebba|cxeab" Abni pioic~ih xa naggipnecoebxipi~x~/ xki ebxipbix incgi xki ~zpebfàcph ap c he}}uebf cpic a czzoencxeab~ xkcx vipibax ib|e~eabih u xki ~zab~apebf fa|ipbgibx cfibnei~"0:0


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inabagen cbh xinkbaoafenco eblyibni cxip xki înabh Vapoh Vcp/ Zpi~~i hi oYbe|ip~ex hi Zcpe~'âpàbbi/ 0::0"

9" Xke~ vc~ he~ny~~ih eb c ~ipei~ a pizapx~ u xki AINH/ ~xcpxebf eb 35"

5" Xki ~xiio ebhy~xpu pigcebih eb xki zyòen ~inxap ap oexxoi gapi xkcb xva uicp~4 ex vc~ zpe|cxe~ih ù xkiNab~ip|cxe|i fa|ipbgibx eb 359>"

3:" C ~inabh ~xcxi'avbih cepoebi/ @pexe~k Iypazicb Cepvcu~/ vc~ ~ix yz eb 358" Lap cb cbcou~e~ a xki Nabnaphi zpaminx cbh xki coga~x isycoou he~c~xpay~ Ch|cbnih Fc~'Naaoih Picn'xap zpafpcggi/ ~ii Z"H" Kibhip~ab/ Xva @pexe~k ippap~= xkiep zpa`còi ~e}i cbh ~agi za~~eòi oi~~ab~/A{aph Inabagen Zczip~/ 05/ 0/ Myou 3566"

38" Xegaxku L" @pi~bckcb cbh Lpcbna Gcoip`c/ Ebhy~xpeco hubcgen~ cbh xki i|aoyxeab a pg~ cbh bcxeab~nagzixexe|i nczcèoexei~ eb xki vapoh nagzyxip ebhy~xpu/ eb Hc|eh N" Gavipu cbh Penkcph P" Bio~ab +ih~%/âypni~ a ebhy~xpeco oichip~kez/ Ncg`pehfi/ 3555"

39" Makb Kibhpu/ Ebba|cxebf ap ceoypi/ fa|ipbgibx zaoenu cbh xki icpou @pexe~k nagzyxip ebhy~xpu/ GEX Zpi~~/35;5"

3/ îzxigìp 355:"


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06" Hayfoc~ Kcfyi cbh Fiapiu Veodeb~ab/ Xki EPN/ cb i{zipegibx eb ebhy~xpeco ebxip|ibxeab/ Fiapfi Cooib ,Ybveb 35;>"

0;" Ihvcph Kicxk/ Xki nayp~i a gu oei/ xki cyxaèafpczku a Ihvcph Kicxk/ Kahhip , ^xayfkxab/ 355;"

05" Meg Xagoeb~ab/ Fa|ipbgibx cbh xki ibxipzpe~i ~ebni 35::/ A{aph/ 3558/ z>:3"

>:" Gcpxeb Ncgzìoo'Dioou/ ENO/ c `y~ebi~~ cbh xinkbenco ke~xapu/ A{aph/ 35;5/ z055" Hi~zexi ex~ zpaxinxe|icxxexyhi xavcph~ ENO/ xki Kicxk fa|ipbgibx vc~ fibipcoou icfip xa ibnaypcfi ebvcph eb|i~xgibx/ i~zi'necoou pag Mczcb/ c~ c gicb~ a ~xpibfxkibebf vicd @pexe~k ebhy~xpei~"

>3" Xki pifibipcxeab a @pexe~k ebhy~xpu/ Hizcpxgibx a Ebhy~xpu/ Vkexi Zczip Ngh 963:/ Cyfy~x 3568"

>0" Hcbeio N" Dpcgip/ ^xcxi nczexco cbh zpe|cxi ibxipzpe~i/ xki nc~i a xki YD Bcxeabco Ibxipzpe~i @acph/Payxoihfi 35;;"

>>" @pexe~k Oiuocbh= xki bi{x hinchi/ Xki Puhip pizapx/ Gcpnk 3569"

>8" Paoo~'Pauni e~ abi a xki iv @pexe~k nagzcbei~ vkenk czzicp~ xa kc|i egzpa|ih ex~ zipapgcbni hypebfxki zipeah vkib ex vc~ nabxpaooih ù xki ~xcxi" Laooavebf zpe|cxe~cxeab eb 35;6 ex kc~ habi vioo àxk ebzpaxcèoexu cbh eb gcpdix ~kcpi"

>9" B"D"C" Fcphebip/ Xki inabagen~ a ocybnkebf ceh/ eb Cocb Vkexebf +ih%/ Xki inabagen~ a ebhy~xpeco ~y`~e'hei~/ KGÂ/ 3560"

>6" Ebga~ vc~ ~ix yz eb 356;" Niooxink vc~ nabnie|ih eb xkcx uicp/ `yx xki apgcxeab a xki nagzcbu heh baxxcdi zocni ybxeo cxip Gcpfcpix Xkcxnkip~ |enxapu eb xki 3565 ioinxeab"

>;" V"@"Veooaxx/ Xki BI@ eb|ao|igibx eb ioinxpaben~ cbh ebapgcxeab xinkbaoafu/ eb Nkcpoi~ Ncpxip +ih%/Ebhy~xpeco zaoenu cbh ebba|cxeab/ Kiebigcbb/ 35;3"

>5" C ~ynni~~yo @pexe~k ebhy~xpu eb xki 35" Lpcbae~ Nki~bce~/ Xki Lpibnk bcxeabco ~u~xig a ebba|cxeab/ eb Penkcph P" Bio~ab +ih%/ Bcxeabco ebba|c'xeab ~u~xig~/ c nagzcpcxe|i cbcou~e~/ A{aph/ 355>"

88" Zixip Kcoo/ Fa|ipbebf xki inabagu/ Zaoexu Zpi~~/ 35;"

8


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8;" Zeippi I" Gaybeip'Dykb/ Pczzio ~yp oi~ apefebi~ hy Zocb Nconyo/ eb Ibxpi Zocb Nconyo ix Ybehcxc/ Eb~xexyxhKe~xaepi hi oEbhy~xpei/ hexeab~ Pe|i Hpaexi/ 355;"

85" Makb ]u~gcb/ Zaoexenco ~xpcxifei~ ap ebhy~xpeco aphip= ~xcxi/ gcpdix cbh ebhy~xpu eb Lpcbni/ Ybe|ip~exu aNcoeapbec Zpi~~/ 3566/ zz68'66"

9:" M" Benkaoc~ ]eifoip/ Fa|ipbebf ehic~= ~xpcxifei~ ap ebba|cxeab eb Lpcbni cbh Fipgcbu/ Napbioo Ybe|ip~exu

Zpi~~ 3556/ z36:"

93" oei Nakib/ Lpcbni= bcxeabco nkcgzeab~ eb ~icpnk a c ge~~eab/ eb Mcnd Kcuvcph +ih%/ Ebhy~xpeco ibxipzpe~icbh Iypazicb ebxifpcxeab/ A{aph/ 3559"

90" Cocb Ncv~ab/ Di|eb Gapfcb/ Hayfoc~ Vi``ip/ Zixip Kaogi~ cbh Cbbi ^xi|ib~/ Ka~xeoi `paxkip~/ nag'zixexeab cbh noa~ypi eb xki Iypazicb ioinxpaben~ ebhy~xpu/ A{aph/ 355:/ z0

8/2/2019 Industry policy in Europe since the

Documents

Industry policy in Europe since the second world war (Eng) / Politica industrial europea desde la segunda guerra mundial (Ing) / Europear industri politika bigarren mundu gerraz geroztik