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Improving the scope detail and quality of the national accounts
AGNA Meeting12 – 15 May 2015
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,
United Nations Statistics Division
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Outline
• Introduction
• Scope and Compliance Measures for the 2008 SNA
• Availability, timeliness of annual reporting from a global perspective.
• Compliance with the 1993 / 2008 SNA and ISIC Rev. 3.1 / 4.
• Scope of national accounts statistics reported to the UNSD.
• Template to design country action plans - Statement of strategy
• For monitoring the implementation of the 1993 SNA the ISWGNA developed a set of six milestones to assess the scope of accounts that are compiled by countries.
• These milestones were later supplemented by three
data sets describing (a) minimum set of accounts that need to be compiled; (b) a recommended set of accounts; and (c) a desired set of accounts.
• To assess the compliance with major 1993 SNA concepts the ISWGNA developed a set of questions.
• The quality of the national accounts dimension was assessed using the IMF quality assessment framework
Introduction
• The elements of the scope and compliance measures used for the 1993 SNA are deemed to be adequate to also assess the scope and compliance for the 2008 SNA.
• However, the need for more timely information to facilitate appropriate policy responses highlights the importance to include also the compilation of quarterly national accounts, which require some adjustments to the scope measure as reflected by the required data set measure.
• The compliance questionnaire was adjusted to reflect the 2008 SNA concepts for determining the conceptual adherence to the 2008 SNA.
Scope and Compliance Measures for the 2008 SNA
5
Availability, timeliness of annual reporting
• Almost all countries are reporting annual national accounts to UNSD, many countries with a time lag of more than one year.
• Most countries currently compliant with the 1993 SNA and ISIC Rev. 3.1, with some countries using the 1968 SNA .
• Many countries are not able to submit the minimum requirement data set (as defined by the UNSC) to the UNSD.
Number of countries reporting annually for the reporting period 2001 to 2013
2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
NAQ reporting period
Nu
mb
er
of
res
po
ns
es
6
7
Total numbe
r of countri
es
Number of countries that replied to the UN-NAQ
At least once between
2009-2013
NAQ 2012
NAQ 2013
NAQ 2013 with 2013 data available
NAQ 2014
NAQ 2014 with 2014 data available
UN Member States
193 183 (95%) 166 165107
(65%)87 43 (49%)
Developed countries
44 43 (98%) 43 43 31 (72%) 13 4 (31%)
Developing countries
137 130 (95%) 113 112 66 (59%) 65 36 (55%)
CIS countries 12 10 (83%) 10 1010
(100%)9 6 (50%)
African countries
54 49 (91%) 41 40 22 (55%) 21 10 (48%)
Number of countries reporting annually and data availability
Number of countries reporting annually and data availability
NAQ 2012 NAQ 2013 NAQ 20140
10
20
30
40
50
60
54 54 54
41 40
2122 22
10
Total African countriesNAQs submittedData for latest reference year available
Number of countries compliant with the 1968, 1993 and 2008 SNA
• 59 Member States have implemented the 2008 SNA• Some Member States have opted to introduce certain aspects of 2008 SNA
in a gradual implementation of the 2008 SNA• 13% of Member States still use 1968 SNA (24% of African countries)• 77 Member States are implementing or partially implementing ISIC Rev. 4.
Total number of countries
1968 SNA compliant
1993 SNA compliant
2008 SNA compliant
UN Member States
193 26 108 59
Developed countries 44 1 6 37
Developing countries
137 25 91 21
CIS 12 0 11 1African countries 54 13 35 6
Number of countries submitting the tables of the MRDS
GDPeC
1.1
GDPeK
1.2
GDPpC
2.1 / 2.4
GDPpK
2.2 / 2.5
GDPpdetail2.3 / 2.6
IEATotal1.3 / 4.1
IEARoW4.2
UN Member States 193 168 144 177 172 136 147 101
Developed countries 44 43 42 44 43 43 41 35
Developing countries 137 115 93 123 119 83 96 58
CIS 12 10 9 10 10 10 10 8African countries 54 43 37 46 44 25 30 19
Per cent countries submitting the MRDS
1.1 1.2 2.1/2.4
2.2/2.5
2.3/2.6
1.3/4.1
4.20
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
87
75
92 89
7076
52
80
69
8581
46
56
35
UN Member StatesAfrican Countries
12
Scope of National Accounts Statistics
Total number
of countries
MRDS Milestone Level
Six or more tables
Seven tables
1 or higher
2 Seven tables
submittedUN Member States
193 120 (62%) 93 (48%) 169 (88%) 93 (48%)
Developed countries
44 40 (91%) 34 (77%) 43 (98%) 34 (77%)
Developing countries
137 71 (51%) 51 (36%) 116 (85%) 51 (36%)
CIS 12 9 (75%) 8 (67%) 10 (83%) 8 (67%)African countries 54 22 (41%) 18 (33%) 43 (80%) 18 (33%)
a strategic planning frame work for the development of a statistics programme to meet policy needs
set of actions to accomplish statistical and institutional goals for the sustainable improvement of the statistics programmes
Statement of strategy as template for country action plans
Policy documents, NSDS, etc. Regional strategic frameworks for
statistical capacity building Regulatory and institutional framework Statistical infrastructure Statistical operations
Statement of Strategy – take into account
Confrontation of
Goals – as determined by international recommendations and policy needs – compliance
Requirements to meet goals – administrative and survey resources
Current status – present practices Actions – to remedy the shortcomings
Consolidation of statistical requirements, assessments and actions
Required actions to be carried out:
Regulatory and institutional framework – strengthening the functioning of NSS, its programming, management and performance
Statistical infrastructure – strengthening the use of standards (2008 SNA), classifications (ISIC Rev 4), registers and frames
Statistical operations – strengthening of data collection, compilation, dissemination and analysis
Statement of strategy
Improve statistical legislation, code of conduct, service agreements for NSS
Comply with standards: 2008 SNA, ISIC rev 4, etc.
Upgrade of business registers and area frames Extend use of administrative data Increase periodicity and timeliness of data
(price statistics, production and turnover surveys)
Integrate survey and questionnaire design of economic activity surveys (structural business statistics and short term business statistics)
Integrate survey and questionnaire design of household surveys (labour and income and expenditure surveys)
Extend coverage of enterprises (informal sector surveys etc.
Examples of actions
Indicates the interventions to be carried out with a timetable to mitigate data gaps.
Provides an information structure for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the SNA.
Needs to be specific, measurable, relevant and be executed in a particular time scale.
Each of the required actions needs to include key features and key deliverables.
Action plan
Integrated statistics approach
Scope of the statistics programme goes beyond the production of national accounts to also cover the statistical production process of basic statistics and to aspects of the institutional environment
It is, thus, based on an integrated statistics approach which Produces statistics that present a consistent and
coherent picture of economic activities for policy, business and other analytical uses
Uses common concepts, definitions, estimation methods and data sources for statistical reconciliation
Moves away from a narrow stove-pipe statistical production model to cross-functional holistic model
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Integrated statistics approach
Common conceptual framework provided by the SNA
Institutional arrangements (legislative, organizational, budgetary, managerial and customer relationship arrangements) further support the environment for integration
Statistical production process as an integrated production chain from the collection of basic data to the dissemination of statistics
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Building blocks
Integrated statistics approach
21Institutional arrangements
Institutional setting Management and internal policy
Information, Communication Technology (ICT)
Standards and methodsStatistical infrastructure
Data collection
Data processing
Data integration
Registers and frames Surveys
Inpu
ts
Macroeconomic accounts
Household and demographic
statistics
Economic & environmental
statisticsO
utpu
ts /
D
isse
min
ation
Statistical operations
SNA implementation goals: MRDS Improve quality of NA
Statement of strategy: requires agreement by the national statistical system
(data producer, provider and user), high political support and donor consultation
is basis for formulating a national implementation programme using an integrated statistics approach
is basis for actively seeking funding for implementation programmes from own sources and donors
Conclusion
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Thank you
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/default.asp
NAQ Table Number Annual Accounts Quarterly Accounts
GDP, value added and employment Nominal and volume measure of GDP by industry or by expenditure components
Minimum requirement
Minimum requirement
1.1 Expenditures of the GDP in current prices Minimum
requirement
Optional Minimum
Requirement
1.2 Expenditures of the GDP in constant prices Minimum
requirement
Optional Minimum
Requirement
2.1 Value added and GDP in current prices by industry
Minimum requirement
Optional Minimum
Requirement
2.2 Value added and GDP in constant prices by industry
Minimum requirement
Optional Minimum
Requirement
2.3
Value-added components by industry, current prices
Minimum requirement
Recommended
Employment by industry Minimum
requirementRecommended
Scope of the implementation of the 2008 SNA:
The Data Sets
NAQ Table Number Annual Accounts
Quarterly Accounts
Integrated accounts and tables, including integrated satellite accounts
1.3 / 4.1
Accounts for the total economy (until net lending)
Minimum requirement
Minimum requirement
Supply and use table Recommended Desirable
5.1Cross-classification of output/value added by industries and sectors
Recommended
Tourism accounts, environmental accounts and other socio-economic accounts
*
Scope of the implementation of the 2008 SNA:
The Data Sets
NAQ Table Number Annual Accounts
Quarterly Accounts
Purpose classification of expenditures
3.1
General government final consumption (and other) expenditure by purpose in current prices
Recommended
General government final consumption expenditure by purpose at constant prices
*
3.2 Individual consumption (and other) expenditures by purpose in current prices
Recommended
Individual consumption expenditures by purpose at constant prices *
Purpose classification of intermediate and final consumption across all sectors *
Scope of the implementation of the 2008 SNA:
The Data Sets
NAQ Table Number Annual Accounts
Quarterly Accounts
Institutional sector accounts (until net lending)
4.2 Rest of the world accounts (until net lending) Minimum
requirement Minimum
requirement
4.3 Non-financial corporations sector accounts (until net lending)
Minimum requirement
Recommended
4.4 Financial corporations accounts (until net lending)
Minimum requirement
Recommended
4.5 General government sector accounts (until net lending)
Minimum requirement
Recommended
4.6 Household sector accounts (until net lending) Minimum
requirementRecommended
4.7Non-profit institutions serving households sector accounts (until net lending)
Minimum requirement
Recommended
Financial accounts
4.1 – 4.7
Financial accounts for all sectors Recommended Desirable
Balance sheets and other changes in asset accounts
Balance sheets, revaluation and other volume changes in asset accounts for all sectors
Recommended Desirable
Scope of the implementation of the 2008 SNA:
The Data Sets
Scope of the implementation of the 2008 SNA: Milestones
Implementation milestones Complementary data systems SNA-related data and development
Pre-SNA phases Basic data on production, turnover, consumption, investment, exports and importsConsumer and producer price indices Balance of payments goods and services accountMonetary survey statistics
Milestone 1. Basic indicators of gross domestic product (GDP)
- Final expenditures on GDP current and constant prices
- GDP by industry at current and constant prices
Supply and use table worksheets Balance of payments: current, capital and financial accounts Government finance statistics (GFS) transaction accounts
Milestone 2. Gross national income and other primary indicators
- For rest of the world, external account of primary incomes and current transfers
- Capital and financial accounts
Capital stock statistics International investment position GFS transactions and stocks in assets and liabilities Monetary and financial statistics
Quarterly national accounts Regional accounts Satellite accounts for environment and other satellite accounts Input-output analysis
Implementation milestonesComplementary data systems
SNA-related data and development
Milestone 3. Institutional sector accounts: first step: for all institutional sectors Production accountfor general government Generation of income, Allocation of primary income, Secondary distribution income, Use of disposable income, Capital and financial accounts
Same as for milestone 2 Same as for milestone 2
Milestone 4. Institutional sector accounts: intermediate step 1:for all institutional sectors Generation of income Allocation of primary income Secondary distribution of income Use of disposable income Capital accounts
Same as for milestone 2 Same as for milestone 2
Milestone 5. Institutional sector accounts: intermediate step 2:for all institutional sectors Financial account
Same as for milestone 2 Same as for milestone 2
Milestone 6. Institutional sector accounts: final step:for all institutional sectors Other changes in assets account Balance sheet
Same as for milestone 2 Same as for milestone 2
Scope of the implementation of the 2008 SNA: Milestones
Conceptual Compliance Questionnaire for the 2008 SNAQuestion: Does your country’s reported national accounts data currently include estimates for:
Yes No Partly
na
Elements affecting the level of GDPGross capital formation (GCF)/output
1. the entire defence expenditure incurred by government included in the GCF?
2. consumption of fixed capital measured on all government fixed assets (airfields, roads, hospitals, docks, dams and breakwaters and other forms of construction except structures) including military weapon systems?
3. the expenditure on Research and Development included in the output and GCF?
4. all (successful and unsuccessful) mineral exploration expenditure capitalized?
5. purchases of computer software expected to be used for more than a year included in GCF?
6. expenditure on software development on own account expected to be used for more than a year and for sale included in GCF and output?
7. the expenditure on all databases expected to be used for more than a year, whether purchased on the market or developed in-house, included in the GCF and output?
Question: Does your country’s reported national accounts data currently include estimates for:
Yes No Partly na
8. expenditure on entertainment, literary or artistic originals included in the GCF and on their development included in the output?
9. expenditure on valuables included in the GCF?
10. the natural growth of cultivated forests included in output in GCF?
11. the output of financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) calculated on loans and deposits only using interest rates on deposits and loans and a reference rate of interest?
12. the output of FISIM allocated to users?
13. the production of all goods that are produced by households whether for sale or not —included in the output?
14. the activity of the own-account money lenders included in the output?
15. the value of output of goods and services produced by households and corporations for own final use, when estimated on cost basis, include a return to capital?
16. the output of non-life insurance services in the event of catastrophic losses estimated using adjusted claims and adjusted premium supplements?
Conceptual Compliance Questionnaire for the 2008 SNA
Question: Does your country’s reported national accounts data currently include estimates for:
Yes No Partly na
17. the output of the Central Bank estimated separately for financial intermediation services, monetary policy services and supervisory services overseeing financial corporations?
18. the unit undertaking purely ancillary activity, located in a geographically separate location from establishments it serves, treated as a separate establishment?
19. the output of the activity of non-autonomous pension funds and unfunded pension schemes separately recognised?
Volume estimates20. volumes estimated using a chaining procedure on an annual basis?
Social contributions/insurance21. unfunded social contributions (for sickness, unemployment, retirement etc.) by enterprises imputed as compensation of employees and included as contributions to social insurance?
22. non-life insurance estimates include premium supplements rather than being based just on premiums less claims?
23. life insurance estimates include premium supplements rather than being based just on premiums less claims?
Conceptual Compliance Questionnaire for the 2008 SNA
Question: Does your country’s reported national accounts data currently include estimates for:
Yes No Partly na
Elements affecting GNI
24. reinvested earnings estimates included in the rest of the world account?
25. foreign workers’ remittances excluded from GNI?
Elements not affecting the level of GDP/GNI
Valuation of output
26.a output and value added measured at basic prices? a
26.b output and value added measured at producers’ prices? a
26.c value added measured at factor cost? a (not part of the 2008 SNA)
27. the goods for processing recorded on a net basis?
Conceptual Compliance Questionnaire for the 2008 SNA
Question: Does your country’s reported national accounts data currently include estimates for:
Yes No Partly
na
Final consumption
28. government final consumption expenditure broken down into individual and collective consumption?
Status of implementation of the 2008 SNA
29. the 2008 SNA has not been implemented in officially reported national accounts, when does the country plan to implement and release data based on the 2008 SNA? (Specify the year.)
Conceptual Compliance Questionnaire for the 2008 SNA
Statement of Strategy
A strategic planning frame for the development of an economic statistics program that meets policy needs
Set of actions to achieve statistical and institutional goals for the sustainable improvement of the economic statistics capacity
Consists of:
Policy documents, NSDS, etc.
Regional strategic frameworks for statistical capacity building
Regulatory and institutional framework
Statistical infrastructure
Statistical operations
and takes into account:
Elements of a sound Statement of strategy /1
Legal mandate (Statistical Act)
International standards • UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics
• 2008 SNA, BPM6, GFSM, ISIC Rev4
Mandate, is determined by national and regional policy objectives and underpinned by the regulatory and institutional framework
The efficient and timely dissemination of high quality national accounts and supporting economic statistics in response to policy needs in an interconnected regional and global economic environment
Mission statement describes the purpose, users, outputs, markets, philosophy and basic technology
Elements of a sound Statement of strategy /2
Statistical professionalism
Independence and integrity
Customers oriented services
Respect and understanding for data suppliers
Value for money
Values need to reflect the values and principles portrayed by the UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics to produce useful high-quality data
Elements of a sound Statement of strategy /3
Improving scope, quality and timeliness of economic statistics
Minimizing response burden
Increasing use of administrative data for statistical purposes
Achieving cost effectiveness using best practices
Raising public awareness and use of national accounts and economic statistics
High-level objectives that represent the strategic accomplishments to be achieved
Elements of a sound Statement of strategy /4
Compile national accounts according to milestone two of MRDS
Develop a national hub for short-term economic statistics
Specific goals to be set in order to achieve the high-level objectives
Regulatory and institutional framework – strengthening the functioning of NSS, its programming, management and performance
Statistical infrastructure – strengthening of use of standards (2008 SNA), classifications (ISIC Rev 4), registers and frames
Statistical operations – strengthening of data collection, compilation, dissemination and analysis
With required actions to be carried out:
For more information: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/stemplate.doc
Tools for development of Statement of Strategy /1
Overview of the national policy priorities and national plans
Overview of policy and statistical initiatives of international and regional organizations into a single framework
Statistical System information - Country Fact Sheet to facilitate the assessment and assist in developing the statement of strategy
Allows for collating information available at the national level and at various international organisations on the national statistics system
For more information visit: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/cProfile.asp
Tools for development of Statement of Strategy /2
Providing a clear picture of the state of development of a national statistical system: infrastructure, production processes, data availability…
Helping to set realistic and sustainable objectives in term of development of statistical capacities for the production of national accounts
Assessing the gap between where we stand and where we want to be
Allowing multilateral and bilateral donors to better design their technical assistance projects and enhance the coordination of their respective activities
Diagnostic tools aim at improving the scope, detail, frequency and quality of the basic economic and supporting statistics required for the compilation of SNA by:
Tools for development of Statement of Strategy /3
is based on the widely used CES Classification of Statistical Activities
provides a structured presentation of statistical activities aimed at • collecting, producing and disseminating data,
• developing standards,
• harmonization and implementation of statistics.
• Statistical activities are organized in five statistical domains
allows assessment of economic activities in terms of:• This allows the Statistical productions process
• Institutional organization and
• Managerial aspects of official statistics
UNSD proposes a generic diagnostic tool that:
For more information: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/WG4_20DiagnosticTool.pdf and http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/evaluation.doc
Tools for development of Statement of Strategy /4
UNECE/ESCAP/Eurostat/EFTA Global Assessment of National Statistical Systems: http://www.unece.org/statcoop/ga.html
OECD Statistical System Assessments; e.g. Russia: http://www.oecd.org/std/Assessment-of-the-Statistical-System-and-Key-Statistics-of-the-Russian-Federation.pdfssessments
IMF Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes: Data Modules: http://dsbb.imf.org/pages/dqrs/ROSCDataModule.aspx
Other diagnostic tools have been developed that can complement or supplement the UNSD diagnostic tool
Diagnostic tools and other statistical assessments should be ideally conducted on a regular basis in order to monitor progress and revise action plans
Consolidation and implementation
The Statement of Strategy should be prepared in full consultation with major policy makers and other national and international stakeholders
The Statement of Strategy should be an integral part of the existing and/or forthcoming national multi-year programs (e.g. NSDS)
High-level objectives and implementation plans should be articulated in existing statistical work programs (annual or biennium)
Assessment and diagnostic tools should be conducted on a regular basis in order to monitor progress and eventually update the work programs
Consult colleagues and stakeholders prior to any international and regional events and brief them after (outcome, follow-up, actions…)
In order to successfully implement the 2008 SNA and related statistics strategy it is important to implement the following good practices
