Important Monarchs and Leaders

7/27/2019 Important Monarchs and Leaders

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1.__ (also known as Henry

Bourbon or Henry of

Navarre) of France won

the War of Three

Henries. He and his

ministers greatly

increased the power,prestige, and

infrastructure of France.

Henry IV of France

2.__ led the Dutch war for

Independence against

Catholic Spain during the

later 1500's. The Dutch

showed great initiative in

their defense, on several

occasions breaking the

dykes and flooding their

own cities as a battle

tactic. Although Dutch

independence was

achieved by his death in

1584, the Spanish did not

officially recognize it

until the 1648 Peace of

Westphalia.

Will iam "the Silent" of Orange

(Netherlands)

3.___ of Austria

was considered

and "Enlightened

Despot."

Although he

brought

numerousreforms to

Austria, he

ultimately lost

most of the power

his mother,

Maria Theresa,

had

accumulated. His

financial and

military struggles

forced him to

repeatedly make

concessions to

the Austrian

nobles.

Joseph II of Austria

4.___ of England

tried to make the

British tax

system more

efficient. He

angered the

American

colonists, lost the

Revolution, then

went crazy and

peed blue (look it

up if you don't

believe me).

George III of England

Important Monarchs and LeadersStudy online at quizlet.com/_ep1v0


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5.___ of England

was the second

daughter of

Henry VIII. She

made England

permanently

Protestant,

defeated the

Spanish, andcultivated a great

age of arts and

learning. She

intentionally

promoted her

image as the

"Virgin Queen;"

someone who

was willing to

give up love and

family for the

good of hernation.

Elizabeth I of England

6.___ of France led

from 1638 to 1715.

He promoted

himself as the

"Sun King" (the

source of all

power and

prosperity), built

the Palace at

Versailles, and

achieved nearlyabsolute power

over the nobility

in France.Louis XIV of France

7.___ of France

proved himself a

capable young

general during

the French

Revolution. He

became First

Consul of France

in 1799. In 1804,he crowned

himself Emperor

of the French. He

conquered most

of Europe,

installed family

members in

leadership

positions, and

spread a

egalitarian legal

code beforemeeting his final

defeat, at the

Battle of

Waterloo, in

1816.

Napoleon Bonaparte of France

8.___ of Prussia

earned the title

"the Great."

Considered an

"enlightened

despot," he built

the power ofPrussia by

promoting

science,

education, arts,

and a highly

trained military.

Frederick II of Prussia

9.___ of Russia

conquered

territory, built

the city of St.

Petersburg, and

forced Western

European

technology and

culture on the

Russian people.

Peter I of Russia


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10.___ of Russia led

the Bolshevik coup

against the Russian

Provisional

Government in

October of 1917. The

Provisional

Government, which

had taken over afterthe Russians had

revolted and

demanded the

abdication of Tsar

Nicholas II over his

poor handling of the

First World War,

failed to take Russia

out of the war or

redistribute land.

The Bolsheviks took

this continuedunrest as an

opportunity to take

over and form a

Communist Russian

Government.

Vladamir Lenin of the USSR

11.___ was a German

statesman who

dominated

European politics

from the 1860's

until 1890. Known

as "The IronChancellor," he felt

that the issues of the

modern era would

not be solved with

diplomacy but with

"blood and iron."

He deliberately

instigated the

Franco-Prussian

War of 1871 as

method of unifying

the German states

under Prussian

Leadership. He

unified modern

Germany.

Otton von Bismarck of

Prussia/Germany

12.___ was one of

the greatest

statesmen of the

nineteenth

century.

Throughout the

1850's and 60's,

as prime-

minster ofPiedmont-

Sardinia, he

used his

diplomatic savvy

to unite the

Italian city

states under

Piedmontese

leadership. He

was the father of

Italian

Unification.

Camillo Benso di Cavour of Piedmont-

Sardinia

13.____ "the

Magnificent" his

Florence during

the height of the

Italian

Renaissance.

Although

Florence was

supposedly a

republic, it was

really an

oligarchy run bythe powerful De

Medici banking

family. The

family

patronized art to

show it's power

and wealth.

Lorenzo di Medici (Florence, Italy)


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14.____ brought

England out of the

Catholic Church and

created the Anglican

Church. He did this

because he wanted

to divorce his wife

and seize Catholic

land and wealthrather than for

theological reasons.

Ruling less than fifty

years after his

father, Henry VII,

had won the War of

the Roses and

secured the

monarchy, he was

deathly afraid that

England would fall

back into Civil Warif he could not

produce a male heir.

Henry VIII of England

15.____ of England

tried to arrest

members of

Parliament, caused

the English Civil

War in 1642, and got

himself beheaded in

1649. This led to the

rise of Puritan

Republic underOliver Cromwell.

That fanatical

republic crumbled,

leading to the

Restoration of the

Monarchy in 1660.

Charles I of England

16.____ of Spain

was the most

militant

Counter-

Reformation

monarch. The

son of Charles V,

he launched the

SpanishInquisition to

destroy

Protestantism,

married

Catholic Mary I

of England, and

went to war with

Mary's sister

Elizabeth I after

Mary's death.

Unfortunately

for him, hisarmada (fleet)

lost to England

in 1588, thus

ended Spanish

dominance of

the seas.

Philip II of Spain

17.____ the Great

of Russia was

considered an

"enlightened

despot." She

promoted artsand education in

Russia. She used

her political

acumen and

intelligence to

consolidate her

rule and

increase the

power of Russia.Catherine II of Russia


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18.___, as Prime Minister

of England, led the nation

to victory the in most

important struggle of the

Eighteenth century, the

Seven Years War. Pitt

completely reorganized

and revitalized the War

effort. This world-widewar had battles from

India to the South

Atlantic. Ultimately,

France lost all its

possessions in North

America and

experienced devastating

losses its global trade

empire.

William Pitt the Elder

19.After the Death

of Lenin, ___

outmaneuvered

his rivals and

became the sole

leader of Russia

by 1926. From

1926 his death in

1953, he ruledRussian with an

iron hand and

demanded

complete

obedience from

other

communist

countries. After

Hitler betrayed a

non-aggression

pact, Stalin

helped the Alliesdefeat the

Fascists in

World War II.

He then sought

to conquer and

control a group

of communist

"buffer states"

which caused

the forty-five

year "cold war"

and nuclear

arms race with

the United

States.

Joseph Stalin of the USSR


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20. Holy Roman Emperor ___ led during the Protestant Reformation. Because he needed the

support of the German Princes his constant wars against the Turks, he vacillated between

allowing Protestantism and opposing it. In the end, this vacillation allowed the Reformation to

succeed in religiously dividing Europe.

Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Charles I o

Spain)

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Important Monarchs and Leaders