MonarchsMonarchs andand ColoniesColonies

England’s monarchs and their development of American

colonies

Elizabeth IElizabeth I Reigned 1558 –

1603 Wants colonies to

compete with Spain (mercantilism)

◦ Spread Protestant faith

◦ Provide raw material◦ Be a market for

English goods

Roanoke 1580sRoanoke 1580sFinanced by Sir

Walter RaleighPoorly planned

and supplied◦Failed

“Lost Colony”

James IJames I Reigned 1603-1625Wants colonies that will economically help England

Wants to get rid of people who don’t want to follow the Church of England

Jamestown (Virginia) Jamestown (Virginia) 16071607Created by Virginia Company of London ◦Created to make profit for investors

Tobacco created wealth

Created House of Burgesses in 1619 John Smith

Plymouth (Massachusetts) Plymouth (Massachusetts) 16201620

Pilgrims (Separatists) fleeing religious persecution

Created Mayflower Compact

New Hampshire 1623New Hampshire 1623John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and trade◦Portsmouth

Atlantic Cod

Charles ICharles IReigned 1625-1649

Son of James IDidn’t get along with the Puritans or Parliament

Wanted to help the Catholics

Massachusetts Bay 1630Massachusetts Bay 1630Settled by the

Puritans ◦Great Migration

Absorbed PlymouthFounded Harvard

College in 1636 to train Puritan ministers

Town meetings

John Winthrop

Maryland 1632Maryland 1632Founded as a refuge for English Catholics

Welcomed all Christians

1st settlement St. Mary’s City

George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

Connecticut 1636Connecticut 1636Continuation of the Great Migration of the Puritans

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Thomas Hooker

Rhode Island 1636Rhode Island 1636Roger Williams

kicked out of Massachusetts

Believed in the separation of church and state

Thought the Native Americans should be treated fairly

Roger Williams

English Civil WarEnglish Civil War1642 – 1648Supporters of Charles I versus Parliament controlled by the Puritans

Oliver Cromwell led the Parliament’s army, also known as the “Roundheads”

Charles I captured in 1648 and executed in 1649

CommonwealthCommonwealthRuled as Lord Protector 1649-1658

Tried to make England a strict Puritan religious state

Oliver Cromwell

Commonwealth Commonwealth EndsEnds

Took over as Lord Protector when father died

Allowed negotiations for the restoration of the monarchy

Gave up control of the country in 1659Richard Cromwell

Restoration of the Restoration of the MonarchyMonarchyParliament opens negotiations with Charles I’s son Charles

Charles agrees to return as King Charles II

Agrees to only punish those who participated in his father’s execution

Charles IICharles IIReigned 1660-1685Son of Charles IKnown as “The Merry Monarch”

Owed a lot of people for restoring him to the throne

Paid them in land

The Carolinas 1663The Carolinas 1663Founded in 1663Groups of proprietorsMost noted Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury

His advisor John Locke helped write the constitution for Carolina

Split into North and South in 1712

New York 1664 New York 1664 New New JerseyJerseyOriginally New

Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624◦Taken for its trade routes & commerce

Became English in 1664

Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II)

Originally part of New Netherlands

Became English in 1664

Land sales and religious freedom

Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 16821682

Land given to Penn to cover a £16,000 loan

Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land

William Penn

Delaware 1682Delaware 1682Originally settled by the Swedes (Sweden) 1643-1655

Taken over by the Dutch 1655-1664

Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands

Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed until 1704

James IIJames IICharles II’s younger brother, Duke of York

Reigned 1685-1689Overthrown in the “Glorious Revolution” in favor of daughter Mary and her husband William

William (III) and William (III) and Mary (II)Mary (II)

William reigns 1685-1702

Mary dies in 1694

English Bill of Rights is created

Queen AnneQueen AnneReigns 1702-1714

Mary’s younger sister

None of her children survived

Last of the Stuart line

Hanovarian LineHanovarian LineReigns 1714-1727

Great Grandson of James I

Speaks no English, only German

George I

George IIGeorge IIReigns 1727-1760

Son of George IStopped the attempt to reclaim the throne by James II’s grandson Charles Edward Stuart

Georgia 1732Georgia 1732Place to send debtors

Keep the Spanish from attacking from the south

Strict rules; no slaves, no alcoholJames Oglethorpe

George IIIGeorge IIIReigns 1760-1820Grandson of George II

Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada