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Imperialism: Europe Reaches Out. European Imperialism. Imperialism refers to the political and economic control of one area or country by another In the 15 th century, European nations developed the first overseas empires in the Americas - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Imperialism: Europe Reaches Out
European Imperialism
Imperialism refers to the political and economic control of one area or country by another
In the 15th century, European nations developed the first overseas empires in the Americas
The independence of the United States and Latin America represented a great setback for European Imperialism
In the 19th century (1800’s), the European Great Powers suddenly acquired vast colonial empires in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
The “New Imperialism”
At the end of the 18th century, imperialism appeared to be on the decline. The loss of their empires in the Americas led countries
to question the value of ImperialismFrom 1880-1900, almost every corner of the
Earth came to be claimed by European powers.
The world was carved up among the European Powers
Causes of “New Imperialism”
New technological developments, based on the Industrial Revolution mad the “New Imperialism” possible.
The steamboat made it possible to go upstream, reaching the interior of Africa and other places previously too difficult to reach
The telegram made it possible to communicate with new settlements deep in the interior regions of Africa and Asia
Railroads allowed imperial powers to ship goods and raw materials to and from their colonies
New medicines and better understanding of disease allowed for the exploration of the tropics with less risk
Military technology, like rifles, could be used to control local people
Motives for “New Imperialism”
New countries such as Belgium, Germany, and Italy sought colonial empires of their own to establish their power on the world stage
Old Powers like Britain and France aimed to reassert their power
European powers were also anxious to preserve the “balance of power”
They wanted to obtain natural resources and markets to sell their goods, as well.
Recapping Reasons for Renewed Interest in Imperialism
Technology New technology—such as steamships, rifles, telegraphs, & better
medicines—made it possible to reach further, impose their will, coordinate better, and do so safely
Economic Motives European industries needed raw materials to keep their factories
busy. Industrialists sought new markets in which to sell ther manufactured goods
Political Motives Europeans wished to acquire colonies to demonstrate their power
and to preserve the balance of power among themselves. When one country obtained a new colony, others felt the need to do the same.
Social Motives Many Europeans believed in Social Darwinism & felt it was their
duty to conquer and civilize “lesser people” Some Europeans justified their actions with spreading Christianity
Social Darwinism
Darwinism- “Survival of the Fittest”Darwin’s theory of Evolution was introduced in
the mid-1800’s and stated that some species survive, while others die off, because those surviving species were more advanced, fit, and well equipped to survive
Social Darwinism—the theory that some societies were more successful because their cultures were superior. This theory applied Darwin’s theory to humans based on
social and ethnic characteristics It was used to justify racism and Imperialism in the 19th
Century
Social Darwinism
“Take up the White Man’s burden—Send for the best ye breed—Go, bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives’ need;To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild—Your new-caught sullen peoples,Half devil and half child…”--Rudyard Kipling, 1899
British Imperialism: India
Britain defeated India, during the 18th century, and extended their control over the Indian subcontinent Next they seized Egypt to protect the Suez Canal ,
which provided the shortest route from Britain to India
British rule brought many changes to India They outlawed the ritual of a wife committing suicide
when their husband’s died The first railway in India was built in 1853 India, which was made up of Muslims and Hindus,
began to have Christian missionaries descend upon them
Despite the progress Britain often brought, Indians still resented the challenge to their traditional ways.
Sepoy Mutiny
The British were able to control India because Indians were divided among themseves
The British had better weapons and used trained Indian soldiers, known as “Sepoys”
In 1857, a large number of Sepoys rebelled, but the British crushed the revolt using loyal Indian soldiers
After the mutiny, the British took formal control of India and India officially became a British possession
Impact of British Rule on India
Government The British provided a single system of law and government, which
unified India They provided jobs, increased educational opportunities, and
introduced English as a unifying languageEconomic
The British built roads, bridges, and railroads and set up telegraph wires. However, India’s cottage industries were hurt by competition with Britain’s manufactured goods
Health The British built hospitals, introduced medicines, and provided
famine relief. Health care improvements led to a population explosion
Social Indians were looked down upon by the British and Indian workers
were seen as a source of inexpensive labor
Other British Colonies
Britain also held several other colonies outside India.
It took Cape Colony, on the tip of South Africa, several islands in the West Indies, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore
Other European Colonies
France Colonies in the West Indies Colonies in West Africa and India Indochina
Spain Philippines Cuba Puerto Rico