Immigration Reform and Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986Control Act of 1986

Aaron HumphreysAaron HumphreysMelissa JonesMelissa Jones

What It DoesWhat It Does Makes it unlawful for an employer to hire Makes it unlawful for an employer to hire

any person who is not legally authorized to any person who is not legally authorized to work in the United Stateswork in the United States

Requires employers to verify the Requires employers to verify the employment eligibility of all new employeesemployment eligibility of all new employees

Prohibits discrimination in hiring and Prohibits discrimination in hiring and discharge based on national origin and on discharge based on national origin and on citizenship statuscitizenship status

Legalized the status of undocumented Legalized the status of undocumented entrants who had arrived prior to January 1, entrants who had arrived prior to January 1, 1982 1982

FeaturesFeatures Anti-discrimination provisions:Anti-discrimination provisions:

• are intended to prevent employers from are intended to prevent employers from discriminating against foreign-looking or foreign-discriminating against foreign-looking or foreign-sounding job applicants. sounding job applicants.

• apply to smaller employers than those covered by apply to smaller employers than those covered by EEOC-enforced laws. EEOC-enforced laws.

National origin discrimination provisions National origin discrimination provisions apply to employers with between 4 and 14 apply to employers with between 4 and 14 employees (who would not be covered by employees (who would not be covered by Title VII) Title VII)

Citizenship discrimination provisions apply to Citizenship discrimination provisions apply to all employers with at least 4 employeesall employers with at least 4 employees

History Before 1986History Before 1986 In 1875, first restrictive statute for immigration, barring In 1875, first restrictive statute for immigration, barring

convicts and prostitutes from admission convicts and prostitutes from admission In 1882, Chinese Exclusion Act, the nation's first racist, In 1882, Chinese Exclusion Act, the nation's first racist,

restrictive immigration law, repealed in 1943 restrictive immigration law, repealed in 1943 Gentleman's Agreement of 1907, restrict Japanese Gentleman's Agreement of 1907, restrict Japanese

migration, effectively ended the influx of Japanese nationals migration, effectively ended the influx of Japanese nationals to the USto the US

1921, Quota Act which limited the number of immigrants 1921, Quota Act which limited the number of immigrants per country to 3% allowed to enter the US per country to 3% allowed to enter the US

1924, Immigrant Act, superseded the Quota Act and 1924, Immigrant Act, superseded the Quota Act and lowered the quota to 2% percent. lowered the quota to 2% percent.

Operation Wetback:Operation Wetback:• anti-Mexican campaignanti-Mexican campaign• Between 1939 and 1954, the INS deported three million Between 1939 and 1954, the INS deported three million

undocumented and documented Mexican immigrants undocumented and documented Mexican immigrants and U.S. citizens anti-Mexican campaignand U.S. citizens anti-Mexican campaign

Immigration Act of 1965Immigration Act of 1965 Known as Hart-Celler Act of 1965Known as Hart-Celler Act of 1965 Established the basic structure of today's immigration law Established the basic structure of today's immigration law Abolished the national origins quota system Abolished the national origins quota system Family reunification became the cornerstone of U.S. Family reunification became the cornerstone of U.S.

immigration policy. immigration policy. Visas:Visas:

• 170,000 visas to countries in the Eastern Hemisphere 170,000 visas to countries in the Eastern Hemisphere • 120,000 to countries in the Western Hemisphere120,000 to countries in the Western Hemisphere

Increased the annual ceiling on immigrants from 150,000 to Increased the annual ceiling on immigrants from 150,000 to 290,000290,000

Changed the preference system for the first time which Changed the preference system for the first time which gave family members of citizens and legal aliens a higher gave family members of citizens and legal aliens a higher preference than people will special skillspreference than people will special skills

History After 1986History After 1986 1990 Immigration Act (IMMACT)1990 Immigration Act (IMMACT)

• Modified and expanded the 1965 actModified and expanded the 1965 act• significantly increased the total level of immigration to 700,000significantly increased the total level of immigration to 700,000• increasing available visas 40 percentincreasing available visas 40 percent• doubled employment-related immigrationdoubled employment-related immigration• admission of immigrants from "underrepresented" countries to increase the diversity admission of immigrants from "underrepresented" countries to increase the diversity

of the immigrant flowof the immigrant flow In 1996, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA)In 1996, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA)

• Targeting terrorism and other crimesTargeting terrorism and other crimes• expands the grounds of deportability for immigrants convicted of crimes and expands the grounds of deportability for immigrants convicted of crimes and

narrows previous forms of reliefnarrows previous forms of relief Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996

• known as the "welfare reform" billknown as the "welfare reform" bill• made major changes in the public benefits available to legal immigrantsmade major changes in the public benefits available to legal immigrants• makes even permanent residents ineligible for most federal benefitsmakes even permanent residents ineligible for most federal benefits• Congress intended for the Act to encourage self-sufficiency and remove the Congress intended for the Act to encourage self-sufficiency and remove the

supposed "extra incentive" for migrating to the United States either legally or supposed "extra incentive" for migrating to the United States either legally or illegally illegally

Illegal Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRAIRA)Illegal Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRAIRA)• focuses on the quick removal of undocumented immigrants focuses on the quick removal of undocumented immigrants • increase in criminal penalties for immigration-related offenses and enhanced increase in criminal penalties for immigration-related offenses and enhanced

enforcement authorityenforcement authority

Recent ActivityRecent Activity American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act of 2000 American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act of 2000

• http://www.ohr.wisc.edu/ifss/otherinfo/newimmigrationinfo.htmlhttp://www.ohr.wisc.edu/ifss/otherinfo/newimmigrationinfo.html USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 USA PATRIOT Act of 2001

• dramatically expanded the authority of American law enforcement for dramatically expanded the authority of American law enforcement for the stated purpose of fighting terrorism in the United States and the stated purpose of fighting terrorism in the United States and abroadabroad

• used to detect and prosecute other alleged potential crimes, such as used to detect and prosecute other alleged potential crimes, such as providing false information on terrorism providing false information on terrorism

Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002• To enhance the border security of the United StatesTo enhance the border security of the United States• adds provisions of new law that is pertinent to visa operations adds provisions of new law that is pertinent to visa operations

The Homeland Security Act of 2002The Homeland Security Act of 2002• Expansion of the Office of Homeland SecurityExpansion of the Office of Homeland Security• Created to increase the fight on terrorism Created to increase the fight on terrorism

2006 President Bush Signs Secure Fence Act2006 President Bush Signs Secure Fence Act Recent Activity about ImmigrationRecent Activity about Immigration

The Homeland Security Act of 2002The Homeland Security Act of 2002 Primary missions:Primary missions:

• preventing terrorist attacks within the United Statespreventing terrorist attacks within the United States• reducing the vulnerability of the United States to reducing the vulnerability of the United States to

terrorism at hometerrorism at home• minimizing the damage and assisting in the recovery minimizing the damage and assisting in the recovery

from any attacks that may occurfrom any attacks that may occur Five major functions:Five major functions:

• information analysis and infrastructure protectioninformation analysis and infrastructure protection• chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and related chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and related

countermeasurescountermeasures• border and transportation securityborder and transportation security• emergency preparedness and responseemergency preparedness and response• coordination with other parts of the federal government, coordination with other parts of the federal government,

with state and local governments, and with the private with state and local governments, and with the private sector sector

BORDER AND BORDER AND TRANSPORTATION SECURITY TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

Primary responsibilities:Primary responsibilities:• preventing the entry of terrorists and the instruments of terrorism into the United Statespreventing the entry of terrorists and the instruments of terrorism into the United States• securing the borders, territorial waters, ports, terminals, waterways, and air, land, and securing the borders, territorial waters, ports, terminals, waterways, and air, land, and

sea transportation systems of the United Statessea transportation systems of the United States• administering the immigration and naturalization laws of the United States, including administering the immigration and naturalization laws of the United States, including

the establishment of rules governing the granting of visas and other forms of permission the establishment of rules governing the granting of visas and other forms of permission to enter the United States to individuals who are not citizens or lawful permanent to enter the United States to individuals who are not citizens or lawful permanent residentsresidents

• administering the customs laws of the United Statesadministering the customs laws of the United States• ensuring the speedy, orderly, and efficient flow of lawful traffic and commerce in ensuring the speedy, orderly, and efficient flow of lawful traffic and commerce in

carrying out these responsibilitiescarrying out these responsibilities Agencies Involved:Agencies Involved:

• United States Customs Service (now in the Department of the Treasury)United States Customs Service (now in the Department of the Treasury)• Immigration and Naturalization Service (now in the Department of Justice)Immigration and Naturalization Service (now in the Department of Justice)• Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (now in the Department of Agriculture)Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (now in the Department of Agriculture)• Coast Guard (now in the Department of Transportation)Coast Guard (now in the Department of Transportation)• Transportation Security Administration (now in the Department of Transportation)Transportation Security Administration (now in the Department of Transportation)

Allows the Secretary of Homeland Security control the processing of visas to enter the USAllows the Secretary of Homeland Security control the processing of visas to enter the US Secretary of State still has authority to deny visas to aliens based on foreign policy interests Secretary of State still has authority to deny visas to aliens based on foreign policy interests

of the USof the US Authorizes the Secretary of Homeland Security to delegate his authority to State Department Authorizes the Secretary of Homeland Security to delegate his authority to State Department

and other federal government personnel and other federal government personnel Secretary will exercise his authority through the Secretary of StateSecretary will exercise his authority through the Secretary of State

Employer RequirementsEmployer Requirements Employers must keep each I-9 on file for at Employers must keep each I-9 on file for at

least three years, or one year after least three years, or one year after employment ends, whichever is longeremployment ends, whichever is longer

I-9 FormI-9 Form• Required by this act for employers to complete Required by this act for employers to complete

for employee verification purposesfor employee verification purposes• Where to get the form:Where to get the form:

Superintendent of DocumentsSuperintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing OfficeU.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 2040Washington, DC 2040

Types of ResidencyTypes of Residency Green CardGreen Card VisasVisas

• Australian (E-3) in Specialty OccupationAustralian (E-3) in Specialty Occupation• Border Crossing Card – Mexican TravelersBorder Crossing Card – Mexican Travelers• Business, Tourist and VisitorsBusiness, Tourist and Visitors• Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA) ProfessionalChile Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Professional• Diplomats and Government OfficialsDiplomats and Government Officials• Exchange VisitorsExchange Visitors• Fiance(e) to Marry U.S. Citizen/SpouseFiance(e) to Marry U.S. Citizen/Spouse• International Organizations & NATOInternational Organizations & NATO• Media & JournalistsMedia & Journalists• Mexican and Canadian NAFTA Professional WorkerMexican and Canadian NAFTA Professional Worker• Religious WorkersReligious Workers• Singapore Free Trade Agreement (FTA) ProfessionalSingapore Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Professional• StudentsStudents• Temporary Workers OverviewTemporary Workers Overview• Treaty Traders & Treaty InvestorsTreaty Traders & Treaty Investors• Visa RenewalsVisa Renewals

Green CardGreen Card What it is:What it is:

• A form of Lawful Permanent Residency statusA form of Lawful Permanent Residency status• is a way for people who are not citizens of the United States is a way for people who are not citizens of the United States

(immigrants) to live and work in the country while enjoying (immigrants) to live and work in the country while enjoying virtually all of the privileges of U.S. citizenshipvirtually all of the privileges of U.S. citizenship

How to get it:How to get it:• Sponsorship by a relative that resides in the United States who Sponsorship by a relative that resides in the United States who

is either a United States citizen or lawful permanent resident is either a United States citizen or lawful permanent resident • Sponsorship by a United States employer through an offer of Sponsorship by a United States employer through an offer of

employment in the U.S. employment in the U.S. • Winning the "Green Card" Diversity Visa lottery Winning the "Green Card" Diversity Visa lottery • After being granted refugee status or through a grant of asylum After being granted refugee status or through a grant of asylum

due to persecution in one’s homeland due to persecution in one’s homeland • Being a member of a special class of people who the United Being a member of a special class of people who the United

States Government has decided to grant "Green Card" status to States Government has decided to grant "Green Card" status to Call Matthew Kolken at (716) 854-1541 for any green card Call Matthew Kolken at (716) 854-1541 for any green card

issues issues

Green Card AcceptanceGreen Card AcceptancePreference SystemPreference System

FIRST PREFERENCE: FIRST PREFERENCE: • Up to Up to 40,000 40,000 visas a year for visas a year for priority workers:priority workers:

People who have "extraordinary ability People who have "extraordinary ability outstanding professors and researchersoutstanding professors and researchers Certain multinational executives and managers Certain multinational executives and managers Any visas left over from the fourth and fifth preferences are added to this category.Any visas left over from the fourth and fifth preferences are added to this category.

SECOND PREFERENCE:SECOND PREFERENCE:• Up to Up to 40,00040,000 visas a year visas a year

issued to members of the professions holding advanced degrees or aliens of exceptional issued to members of the professions holding advanced degrees or aliens of exceptional abilityability

THIRD PREFERENCE:THIRD PREFERENCE:• Up to Up to 40,00040,000 visas a year visas a year

issued to issued to skilled workers, professionalsskilled workers, professionals capable of performing unskilled labor who are not temporary or seasonalcapable of performing unskilled labor who are not temporary or seasonal

• limited to limited to 5,0005,000 visas per year. visas per year. FOURTH PREFERENCE:FOURTH PREFERENCE:

• Up to Up to 10,00010,000 visas a year visas a year Issued to special immigrants, including ministers, religious workers, former U.S. government Issued to special immigrants, including ministers, religious workers, former U.S. government

employeesemployees FIFTH PREFERENCE:FIFTH PREFERENCE:

• Up to Up to 10,00010,000 visas a year visas a year Issued to persons who have between $500,000 and $3 million to invest in a job-creating Issued to persons who have between $500,000 and $3 million to invest in a job-creating

enterprise in the U.S. enterprise in the U.S. At least 10 U.S. workers must be employed by each investor At least 10 U.S. workers must be employed by each investor The amount of money can vary depending on which area of the country will benefit from the The amount of money can vary depending on which area of the country will benefit from the

investmentinvestment If the investor fails to meet the conditions specified, he or she can lose permanent resident If the investor fails to meet the conditions specified, he or she can lose permanent resident

status.status.

E-3 VisasE-3 Visas The E-3 Visa is a new visa for The E-3 Visa is a new visa for

Australian nationals to work in Australian nationals to work in specialty occupations in the U.S. It specialty occupations in the U.S. It has many advantages over the other has many advantages over the other types of working visas, including the types of working visas, including the ability for spouses of E-3 recipients to ability for spouses of E-3 recipients to apply for work authorization apply for work authorization

Border Crossing Card Border Crossing Card The biometric border crossing card project is a joint effort of The biometric border crossing card project is a joint effort of

the Department of State and the Citizenship and the Department of State and the Citizenship and Immigration Services in the Department of Homeland Immigration Services in the Department of Homeland Security to comply with the Section 104 of the Illegal Security to comply with the Section 104 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 1996

The law requires that every Border Crossing Card issued The law requires that every Border Crossing Card issued after April 1, 1998, contains a biometric identifier such as after April 1, 1998, contains a biometric identifier such as fingerprint, and be machine-readablefingerprint, and be machine-readable

The new BCC is a laminated, credit card-style document The new BCC is a laminated, credit card-style document with many security features and ten-year validitywith many security features and ten-year validity

The card is called a laser visaThe card is called a laser visa Most Mexican visitors to the U.S. whether traveling to the Most Mexican visitors to the U.S. whether traveling to the

border region or beyond, receive a laser visa border region or beyond, receive a laser visa

Diplomats and Foreign Government Diplomats and Foreign Government Officials Officials

Diplomatic visas are used by diplomats Diplomatic visas are used by diplomats and other government officials for travel to and other government officials for travel to the United Statesthe United States

With the exception of a Head of State or With the exception of a Head of State or Government who qualifies for an A visa Government who qualifies for an A visa regardless of the purpose of his or her visit regardless of the purpose of his or her visit to the United States, the type of visa to the United States, the type of visa required by a diplomat or other required by a diplomat or other government official depends upon their government official depends upon their purpose of travel to the United Statespurpose of travel to the United States

MediaMedia The media visa is a nonimmigrant The media visa is a nonimmigrant

visa for persons desiring to enter the visa for persons desiring to enter the United States temporarily who are United States temporarily who are representatives of the foreign media representatives of the foreign media traveling to the United States, traveling to the United States, engaging in their profession, having engaging in their profession, having the home office in a foreign country the home office in a foreign country

Mexican and Canadian NAFTA Mexican and Canadian NAFTA Professional WorkerProfessional Worker

The nonimmigrant NAFTA Professional visa The nonimmigrant NAFTA Professional visa allows citizens of Canada and Mexico, as allows citizens of Canada and Mexico, as NAFTA professionals to work in the United NAFTA professionals to work in the United StatesStates

Permanent residents, including Canadian Permanent residents, including Canadian permanent residents, are not able to apply permanent residents, are not able to apply to work as a NAFTA professionalto work as a NAFTA professional

Temporary Religious WorkersTemporary Religious Workers The Immigration and Nationality Act The Immigration and Nationality Act

provides a nonimmigrant visa category provides a nonimmigrant visa category “R” for aliens proceeding to the United “R” for aliens proceeding to the United States to work in a religious capacityStates to work in a religious capacity

Religious workers include ministers of Religious workers include ministers of religion who are authorized by a religion who are authorized by a recognized denomination to conduct recognized denomination to conduct religious worship and perform other duties religious worship and perform other duties usually performed by members of the usually performed by members of the clergy such as administering the clergy such as administering the sacraments, or their equivalent sacraments, or their equivalent

Student Visa Student Visa If a student is taking more than 18 hours a If a student is taking more than 18 hours a

week, he/she will need to apply for a week, he/she will need to apply for a student visastudent visa

In most countries, first time student visa In most countries, first time student visa applicants are required to appear for an in applicants are required to appear for an in person interviewperson interview

However, each embassy and consulate However, each embassy and consulate sets its own interview policies and sets its own interview policies and procedures regarding student visasprocedures regarding student visas

Students should consult Embassy web Students should consult Embassy web sites or call for specific application sites or call for specific application instructionsinstructions

Temporary Workers Temporary Workers If you want to work in the U.S. If you want to work in the U.S.

temporarily, under immigration law, temporarily, under immigration law, you need a specific visa, based on you need a specific visa, based on the type of work you will be doing. the type of work you will be doing. Most temporary worker categories Most temporary worker categories require the approval of a petition by require the approval of a petition by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services before you can apply for Services before you can apply for your visa your visa

Treaty Traders and Treaty Treaty Traders and Treaty InvestorsInvestors

The Immigration and Nationality Act provides The Immigration and Nationality Act provides nonimmigrant visa status for a national of a nonimmigrant visa status for a national of a country with which the United States maintains a country with which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and navigation who is coming treaty of commerce and navigation who is coming to the United States to carry on substantial trade, to the United States to carry on substantial trade, including trade in services or technology, including trade in services or technology, principally between the United States and the principally between the United States and the treaty country, or to develop and direct the treaty country, or to develop and direct the operations of an enterprise in which the national operations of an enterprise in which the national has invested, or is in the process of investing a has invested, or is in the process of investing a substantial amount of capital substantial amount of capital

Immigration and ManagersImmigration and Managers Effects of Immigration on ManagersEffects of Immigration on Managers

• CommunicationCommunication• CultureCulture• DiversityDiversity• EducationEducation

CommunicationCommunication

Every year more foreign speaking people enter Every year more foreign speaking people enter the United Statesthe United States

If Managers can’t speak the languages of their If Managers can’t speak the languages of their employees their will be communication problemsemployees their will be communication problems

Foreign Lanuages in the United States

71%

3%4%4%3%

1%

2%

2% 2%3%

3%2%

Spanish

French

Chinese

German

Tagalog

Vietnamese

Italian

Korean

Russian

Polish

Arabic

Portuguese

CultureCulture Employers must think of their Employers must think of their

employees and their ways of living.employees and their ways of living. For Latino’s, family always comes For Latino’s, family always comes

first, along with religion.first, along with religion. Latinos will represent 25 percent of Latinos will represent 25 percent of

the United States population by the United States population by 2050.2050.

DiversityDiversity Employers must understand different Employers must understand different

nationalities will work differently and nationalities will work differently and work together differently. work together differently.

For example, Latinos are very caring For example, Latinos are very caring and inquisitive while most Americans and inquisitive while most Americans would rather keep their personal life would rather keep their personal life to themselves.to themselves.

EducationEducation With a quarter of the population With a quarter of the population

being Latinos in the near future, being Latinos in the near future, employers must realize the lack of employers must realize the lack of education and opportunity. education and opportunity.

A barrier will be present when A barrier will be present when training, communicating, and training, communicating, and learning.learning.

New York ConstructionNew York Construction The issue that comes up is whether a general The issue that comes up is whether a general

contractor may be liable under the federal law for contractor may be liable under the federal law for a subcontractor's knowing employment of illegal a subcontractor's knowing employment of illegal workersworkers

The law expressly exempts "independent The law expressly exempts "independent contractors" from employment verification, it contractors" from employment verification, it imposes the same verification burden on the imposes the same verification burden on the "contractor supplying the labor or service.“"contractor supplying the labor or service.“

Williams et al. v. Mohawk IndustiesWilliams et al. v. Mohawk Industies• Corporation and its suppliers of temporary workers can Corporation and its suppliers of temporary workers can

constitute an “enterprise” for purposes of civil liability constitute an “enterprise” for purposes of civil liability under RICOunder RICO

• US Supreme Court ordered the case to be further US Supreme Court ordered the case to be further reviewedreviewed

Immigration laws are a new issue and there has Immigration laws are a new issue and there has not been many cases tried to interpret the lawsnot been many cases tried to interpret the laws

Effects on Middle Eastern Effects on Middle Eastern ImmigrantsImmigrants

Immigrants from Muslim countries are fearful of Immigrants from Muslim countries are fearful of speaking out in the post-Sept. 11 climate speaking out in the post-Sept. 11 climate

Imad, a illegal middle eastern immigrant said Imad, a illegal middle eastern immigrant said "Everybody thinks we're terrorists, if we go have "Everybody thinks we're terrorists, if we go have demonstrations, it's going to make it worse for demonstrations, it's going to make it worse for us.“us.“

He arrived from Jordan on a student visa in 1990 He arrived from Jordan on a student visa in 1990 and never left, even though his visa expired in and never left, even though his visa expired in 19971997

Mexicans and other Latin American immigrants Mexicans and other Latin American immigrants have been at center stage of Congress Debateshave been at center stage of Congress Debates

Southeastern Michigan has an estimated 300,000 Southeastern Michigan has an estimated 300,000 people of Arab descent people of Arab descent

They are highly discriminated against and They are highly discriminated against and possibly denied jobs and service because of their possibly denied jobs and service because of their racerace

Effects on the EconomyEffects on the Economy Minority Report MapMinority Report Map Immigrants are an essential element in Immigrants are an essential element in

keeping the American economy strong keeping the American economy strong U.S. government has forecast a shortage U.S. government has forecast a shortage

of 20 million workers by 2026 of 20 million workers by 2026 Ten High-Tech Companies started by

Immigrants earned $31 Billion in revenues in 2002

Companies EffectedCompanies Effected WalmartWalmart Western UnionWestern Union

• Drop in money transfers to MexicoDrop in money transfers to Mexico• Laws caused stockholders to pull outLaws caused stockholders to pull out• The hijackers, including Mohammed Atta, used Western The hijackers, including Mohammed Atta, used Western

Union to transfer money in 2001, according to the 9/11 Union to transfer money in 2001, according to the 9/11 Commission ReportCommission Report

Marriott InternationalMarriott International• One of the best companies for MinoritiesOne of the best companies for Minorities

Greyhound Lines, IncGreyhound Lines, Inc• Fired employees who sold tickets to illegal immigrants Fired employees who sold tickets to illegal immigrants

because of Golden State Transportation Co. of Los because of Golden State Transportation Co. of Los Angeles Angeles

FinesFines A person commits a federal felony when he:A person commits a federal felony when he:

• assists an alien whom he knows is illegally in the U.S. or who lacks assists an alien whom he knows is illegally in the U.S. or who lacks employment authorization, by transporting, sheltering, or assisting him employment authorization, by transporting, sheltering, or assisting him to obtain employment to obtain employment

• encourages that alien to remain in the U.S., by referring him to an encourages that alien to remain in the U.S., by referring him to an employer, by acting as employer or agent for an employer in any way employer, by acting as employer or agent for an employer in any way

• knowingly assists illegal aliens due to personal convictions.knowingly assists illegal aliens due to personal convictions. Conspiracy to commit the crimes of:Conspiracy to commit the crimes of:

• sheltering, harboring, or employing illegal aliens sheltering, harboring, or employing illegal aliens • is a separate federal offense punishable by a fine of up to $10,000 or is a separate federal offense punishable by a fine of up to $10,000 or

five years imprisonmentfive years imprisonment Failure to comply with the employment verification systemFailure to comply with the employment verification system

• paperwork violations range from $100 to $1,100 per employeepaperwork violations range from $100 to $1,100 per employee Employment of unauthorized aliens Employment of unauthorized aliens

• range between $250 and $11,000 per unauthorized alienrange between $250 and $11,000 per unauthorized alien Golden State Transportation Co. of Los Angeles Golden State Transportation Co. of Los Angeles

• Transported an estimated 42,100 illegal immigrants from Tucson, Ariz., Transported an estimated 42,100 illegal immigrants from Tucson, Ariz., to Los Angeles, using a roundabout route through Las Vegas to avoid to Los Angeles, using a roundabout route through Las Vegas to avoid Border Patrol checkpointsBorder Patrol checkpoints

• The company paid a $3 million fine and forfeited a downtown Phoenix The company paid a $3 million fine and forfeited a downtown Phoenix terminal. terminal.

GameGame

Diplomats VisaDiplomats Visa

Green CardGreen Card

Australia VisaAustralia Visa

Cheap Way OverCheap Way Over

Media VisaMedia Visa

Boarder Crossing CardsBoarder Crossing Cards

Mexican and Canadian NAFTA Mexican and Canadian NAFTA Professional Worker VisaProfessional Worker Visa

Student VisaStudent Visa

Temporary Worker VisaTemporary Worker Visa

Links UsedLinks Used http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rightshttp://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights

/immigr01.htm/immigr01.htm http://www.whitehouse.gov/deptofhomelanhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/deptofhomelan

d/analysis/d/analysis/ http://www.cis.org/articles/1995/back395.hhttp://www.cis.org/articles/1995/back395.h

tmltml

http://www.rapidimmigration.com/usa/1_ehttp://www.rapidimmigration.com/usa/1_eng_immigration_facts.htmlng_immigration_facts.html

http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/immigrhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/immigration/ation/