The State of Immigration Reform

8202019 The State of Immigration Reform

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullthe-state-of-immigration-reform 124

The State of Immigration Reform

By Kristen Ellingboe and Anna Perina December 2015

WWWAMERICANPROGRESSACTIONO



The State ofImmigration Reform




1 Introduction and summary

2 Problems caused by a lack of immigration reform

2 Separating families

3 Depriving the nation of economic gains

5 Overview of the conservative response

5 Obstructing progress

6 Pursuing restrictionist policies

9 Progressive solutions for immigration reform

9 Federal solutions

13 State progress

16 Conclusion

17 About the authors and acknowledgments

18 Endnotes

Contents



1 Center for American Progress Action Fund | The State of Immigrati on Reform

Introduction and summary

I is no secre ha he racial and ehnic makeup o he American elecorae is

changing rapidly By he 2016 elecion communiies o color will make up 32

percen o all eligible voers in he Unied Saes1 Tis increasingly rapid demo-

graphic change means poliicians a every level o governmen mus address wih

public policy he challenges and opporuniies acing all Americans

One o hese challenges is he need or comprehensive immigraion reorm Te

majoriy o Americans99125269 percen991252hink unauhorized immigrans who areliving in he Unied Saes should be allowed o say in he counry according o

a recen CBS News and New York Times poll2 Ye congressional lawmakers have

ailed o move orward on comprehensive immigraion reorm Te ailure o law-

makers o prioriize a long-erm soluion o he challenges acing he US immi-

graion sysem means ha more han 11 million unauhorized immigrans are

orced o say on he economic sidelines while amilies coninue o be separaed3

Insead o providing a sensible soluion ha would give unauhorized immigrans

legal saus and a pahway o ciizenship991252he progressive approach o immi-

graion reorm which would boos he economy991252he conservaive response

requenly demonizes and atemps o criminalize immigrans all while predomi-

nanly opposing any posiive acion alogeher4

Tis repor deails he curren sae o immigraion reorm by laying ou he prob-

lems acing he unauhorized immigran communiy oulining he conservaive

response o he immigraion sysem reviewing progressive soluions or reorm

and providing a sae-by-sae breakdown o he economic impac o comprehen-

sive immigraion reorm




Problems caused by

a lack of immigration reform

Te ailure o address he challenges o he immigraion sysem has ar-reaching

consequences991252no only or immigran communiies bu also or he naion

overall Overzealous immigraion enorcemen and hard-line deporaion srae-

gies are earing amilies apar affecing American ciizens and legal migrans alike

Furhermore wihou comprehensive immigraion reorm millions o unauhor-

ized workers are no able o ully paricipae in he economy huring hose work-

ers and heir amilies as well as he economy as a whole

Separating families

One o he mos immediae consequences o he curren immigraion sysem is he

separaion o immigran amilies Hardline immigraion enorcemen and depor-

aion policies are breaking up millions o amilies and counless communiies

leaving amilies sruggling and immigran communiies living in a culure o ear 5

When amilies are divided many parens are orced o become single parens and

sruggle o make ends mee6 In even worse scenarios US-born children o unau-

horized parens may be orced ino oser care when heir parens are depored7 In

addiion o physically separaing amilies hese enorcemen and deporaion poli-

cies creae a culure o ear o amily separaions among immigran communiies

which hurs police-communiy relaionships and erodes rus8

Over he pas decade aggressive deporaion sraegies have resuled in he

removal and reurn o more han 3 million immigrans9 While he number o

deporaions has been dropping seadily over he pas ew years nearly 316000

immigrans were depored in fiscal year 2014 alone10 And currenly 166 mil-

lion people live in mixed-saus amilies991252amilies wih a leas one unauhorizedimmigran991252and one-hird o all US children o immigrans live in hese ami-

lies11 Addiionally according o a 2013 esimae unauhorized immigran aduls

have been in he Unied Saes or a median ime o almos 13 years Ta means a

leas hal o he enire unauhorized populaion has spen a leas ha long becom-

ing involved in heir communiies and in he US economy as a whole12




Having ciizen children or even being he primary breadwinner or ciizen chil-

dren however does no ensure proecion rom deporaion As o November

2014 43 million people were waiing or amily-based visas in he Unied Saes13

And according o Colorlines 204810 parens o US children were removed rom

he counry beween July 1 2010 and Sepember 31 201214 Te removal o

hose parens accouned or nearly 23 percen o all individuals depored duringha period ha esimae is likely low as many parens are relucan o admi hey

have children in he counry15 Family separaions creae sress and anxiey among

immigran communiies which akes a oll on he enire counry

Depriving the nation of economic gains

Te ailure o implemen comprehensive immigraion reorm also deprives he

naion o a needed economic boos Te millions o unauhorized immigrans

who are currenly living and working in he Unied Saes are already paricipaingin he naionrsquos economy Bu he vas majoriy o unauhorized workers are no

able o paricipae ully in he economic sysem A comprehensive immigraion

reorm plan ha would allow everyone o work on an even playing field would

also increase ax revenue and lead o higher wages or all workers Tis would lead

o beter jobs and increased spending hroughou he enire economy

Unauhorized immigrans are already conribuing o he economy by working

and paying axes bu comprehensive immigraion reorm would allow hem o

increase heir conribuion o he US economy16 In 2012 he mos recen year

or which daa are available unauhorized immigrans paid an esimaed $1184

billion in sae propery and sales axes which und schools police and fire sa-

ions roads and oher public services17 Reorming he immigraion sysem would

only increase hese conribuions By allowing unauhorized immigrans o earn

legal saus heir bargaining power would increase and hey would become beter

equipped o cones an unlawul erminaion o employmen negoiae or air

compensaion and file a complain i hey believe hey are being misreaed or

abused18 Tese worker proecions would lead o higher wages or boh immi-

grans and nonimmigrans which would benefi all workers who are oherwise a

risk o being undercu Te proecions would spread hroughou he enire econ-omy increasing ax revenue expanding he naionrsquos gross domesic produc or

GDP and creaing jobs19 According o a 2013 analysis by he Cener or American

Progress providing a pahway o ciizenship or unauhorized immigrans would




resul in an addiional $109 billion in axes paid over 10 years20 A more recen

analysis also ound ha creaing a pahway o ciizenship would increase US GDP

by $12 rillion over 10 years increasing he cumulaive income o Americans by

$625 billion21

Similarly under he curren sysem millions o unauhorized workers are alreadypaying ino Social Securiy and Medicare supporing he aging US populaion

wihou reaping he benefis And jus as comprehensive immigraion reorm

would benefi he enire economy i also would lead o huge gains o Social

Securiy and Medicare helping suppor he solvency o boh programs22

Simply pu he ailure o reorm he immigraion sysem is leaving money on he

able Allowing immigrans o work on an even playing field would allow hem o

conribue even more o he economy han hey are already




Overview of the

conservative response

Despie he negaive consequences o inacion on immigraion reorm polii-

cal leaders have ailed o advance sensible soluions or he naionrsquos immigraion

sysem A he ederal level congressional leaders have obsruced atemps o pass

long-erm comprehensive immigraion reorm insead considering only piece-

meal ani-immigran bills23 Meanwhile a he sae level conservaive lawmakers

have proposed measures o demonize local immigran communiies and obsruc

he implemenaion o posiive immigraion reorms24

Obstructing progress

In June 2013 he Senae passed a broadly suppored biparisan comprehen-

sive immigraion reorm bill he Border Securiy Economic Opporuniy and

Immigraion Modernizaion Ac or S 74425 Te bill sough o modernize and

reorm he American immigraion sysem by updaing he legal visa sysem mak-

ing he larges invesmens in border securiy o dae and providing a pahway

o ciizenship or unauhorized immigrans Bu despie he Senaersquos success he

House o Represenaives ailed o consider his hisoric bill or any oher immigra-

ion reorm plan26

Since hen he progress or passing comprehensive immigraion reorm has

salled indefiniely New House Speaker Paul Ryan (R-WI) recenly said in a series

o inerviews ha he would no work wih he Obama adminisraion on immigra-

ion policy ldquoLook I hink i would be a ridiculous noion o ry and work on an

issue like his wih a presiden we simply canno rus on his issuerdquo he said in an

inerview wih CBSrsquos ldquoFace he Naionrdquo27 He also signed a leter promising mem-

bers o his pary ha he would no bring immigraion legislaion o he Housefloor during his congressional session28

Since ormer Rep John Boehner (R-OH) ook over as House Speaker in 2011 he

immigraion debae in Congress has cenered on piecemeal legislaion in he orm

o enorcemen-only bills and atemps o sall he presidenrsquos execuive acions29




In he absence o ederal legislaive acion Presiden Barack Obama inroduced

execuive acions on immigraion in November 201430 Te immigraion direc-

ives include expanding Deerred Acion or Childhood Arrivals or DACA and

inroducing Deerred Acion or Parens o Americans and Lawul Permanen

Residens or DAPA Tese wo acions would give more han 5 million unauhor-

ized individuals emporary legal proecions shielding hem rom deporaion andallowing hose wih no criminal record o work legally in his counry31 Congress

has atemped o block he implemenaion o he presidenrsquos direcives numerous

imes since heir inroducion32 In December 2014 Speaker Boehner presided

over a voe on a bill sponsored by Rep ed Yoho (R-FL) ha would make he

presidenrsquos execuive acion ldquonull and void and wihou legal effecrdquo33 A February

2015 proposal by Rep rey Gowdy (R-SC) would srip unding or Presiden

Obamarsquos immigraion direcives and allow saes o suspend implemenaion o

he programs34 And in March 2015 House Republican leaders ried unsuccess-

ully o sall he rollou o expanded DACA and DAPA by cuting unding or he

US Deparmen o Homeland Securiy35

A he same ime ha congressional leaders are blocking progress conservaive

sae lawmakers have mouned legal challenges agains Presiden Obamarsquos immigra-

ion direcives in he ederal cour sysem Immediaely afer he announcemen

o he deerred acion programs in November 2014 a coaliion o 17 saes991252now

up o 26 saes991252filed a lawsui requesing ha US Disric Judge Andrew Hanen

rom exas block implemenaion o he execuive acions36 Judge Hanen held in

heir avor and ordered he injuncion puting he implemenaion o DAPA and

expansion o DACA on hold37 In November 2015 a ederal appeals cour based

in New Orleans upheld he injuncion rom he lower cour dealing a major blow

o immigran advocaes and mixed-saus amilies across he naion38 Te US

Deparmen o Jusice has since appealed his decision o he Supreme Cour 39

Pursuing restrictionist policies

In addiion o obsrucing progress on immigraion reorm conservaive lawmakers

in Washingon and he saes have acively suppored draconian policies ha make

lie more difficul or he more han 11 million unauhorized immigrans living inhe Unied Saes Tese resricionis measures would overly arge criminalize

and hreaen o depor millions o innocen immigrans who are living in he coun-

ry while giving hem no opporuniy o come orward and live wihin he law




Here is a snapsho o some o hese resricionis policies

bull Ending the practice of birthright citizenship Te opic o birhrigh ciizen-

ship has become a renewed ocus o immigraion opponens in Congress con-

servaive lawmakers recenly proposed policies ha challenge he consiuional

provision in he 14h Amendmen ha guaranees ciizenship or all individu-als who are born on American soil40 Rep Seve King (R-IA) and Sen David

Viter (R-LA) have separaely inroduced legislaion in his session o Congress

o end he pracice991252and House Republicans ollowed heir lead by hosing a

Judiciary Commitee hearing in April 2015 iled ldquoBirhrigh Ciizenship Is I

he Righ Policy or Americardquo41 Tese effors o repeal he birhrigh ciizenship

provision would undo a par o he US Consiuion991252creaing an explosion in

he number o unauhorized immigrans along he way42 According o a 2010

Migraion Policy Insiue sudy eliminaing birhrigh ciizenship or children

wih a leas one unauhorized paren would increase he unauhorized popula-

ion o 24 million by 2050 making millions o children saeless43 Addiionallyending birhrigh ciizenship would orce all new parens o go hrough he long

and cumbersome process o proving heir childrenrsquos ciizenship which could

resul in an effecive birh ax o $600 per child44 Te guaranee o birhrigh

ciizenship has also aced challenges in he saes In Ocober a ederal judge in

exas declined a reques or a preliminary injuncion o sop sae officials rom

denying birh cerificaes o US-born children o immigrans who are unable o

supply cerain orms o idenificaion While sae officials do no have he legal

auhoriy o deny US ciizenship o children born in he counry reusing birh

cerificaes o hese children could deprive hem o he righs and benefis ha

all ciizens should enjoy45

bull Defunding so-called sanctuary cities Conservaive lawmakers in Congress

and in local sae governmens are leading a recen wave o effors o pu an end

o so-called sancuary ciies991252ciies wih communiy rus policies ha empha-

size communiy saey and do no urn unauhorized immigrans over o ederal

immigraion auhoriies or poenial deporaion proceedings46 Sen Viter

recenly inroduced a bill ha would punish hese ciies by cuting unding or

criical law enorcemen and economic developmen programs47 Sripping

ederal unding rom saes and ciies ha choose no o urn over unauhor-ized immigrans however could acually limi law enorcemen agenciesrsquo abiliy

o provide assisance and respond o crimes48 Senae Democras sopped his

bill rom moving orward49 Unorunaely similar ani-immigran acics have




emerged in sae legislaures as well A he end o Sepember Norh Carolina

sae lawmakers passed a bill prohibiing ciies in he sae rom passing commu-

niy rus policies or sancuary ciy ordinances50

bull Criminalizing unauthorized immigrants Congressional hard-liners have

proposed legislaion ha would urn millions o unauhorized immigrans inocriminals overnigh simply by virue o heir lack o immigraion saus Te

Michael Davis Jr in Honor o Sae and Local Law Enorcemen Ac inro-

duced by Rep Gowdy in February 2015 would make being unauhorized a

crime raher han a civil offense which would require ha he US Deparmen

o Homeland Securiy deain any immigran picked up by local auhoriies and

pu immigrans a higher risk o imprisonmen and deporaion51 An analysis by

he Cener or American Progress however shows ha a massive deporaion

sraegy would only hur he American economy Deporaion coss an average

o $10070 per person991252or a oal o $114 billion o remove he enire unau-

horized populaion52 Aside rom he high coss o physically depor millions oindividuals mass deporaion would devasae he naional economy hreaen-

ing o shrink he labor orce by 64 percen over wo decades and decrease he

US GDP by up o $16 rillion53

bull Securing the American border with a wall Te idea o building a wall o secure

he US border has become a rademark o many ani-immigran sraegies

Conservaives in he House o Represenaives inroduced legislaion in boh

2014 and 2015 o enhance operaional conrol and finish encing off he souh-

wes border o he Unied Saes54 Bu he conservaive noion o needing o

build a wall o fix supposedly lax border securiy is misleading In ac according

o he measure o US Border Parol apprehensions unauhorized immigraion

atemps on he souhwes border have decreased 36 percen over he pas wo

years55 Addiionally he US governmen has been largely successul in milia-

rizing he souhern border invesing nearly $18 billion in on-he-ground inra-

srucure echnology and securiy measures in 2012 and successully erecing

nearly 650 miles o encing on he US-Mexico border56

aken ogeher hese policies amoun o a cosly sraegy by conservaive lawmak-

ers ha would make lie harder or he millions o unauhorized immigrans livingin his counry oday Such piecemeal policies overly arge and criminalize large

swahs o he immigran populaion while giving individuals no opporuniy o

come orward o live wihin he law




Progressive solutions for

immigration reform

I has now been wo years since he Senae passed is biparisan comprehensive

immigraion bill ye he lives o millions o unauhorized immigrans sill remain

on hold However i progressive proposals or immigraion reorm become law

millions o hese individuals would be on heir way o permanen legal saus and

ciizenship and he US economy would see huge gains

Federal solutions

Te benefis o comprehensive immigraion reorm including graning legal saus

and a pahway o ciizenship are innumerable a boh he sae and naional levels

Comprehensive immigraion reorm has obvious moral and social benefis I

would keep amilies rom being orn apar and give immigran amilies he oppor-

uniy o say in heir counry o choice and become ull and equal members o

sociey Bu in reusing o ake up comprehensive immigraion reorm Congress

is no only harming hese amilies bu also huring he economic healh o he

Unied Saes Te economic and fiscal benefis o comprehensive immigraion

reorm are numerous For one i would resul in a significan increase in GDP991252

adding $12 rillion over 10 years as well as a modes increase in job creaion57

State

Cumulative increase

in gross state product

Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of

undocumented workers

Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000

Arizona $23100000000 $15300000000 $12700000000 3400Arkansas $4200000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 600

California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1

Economic benefits of comprehensive immigration reform for states over 10 years




State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Notes The table includes only states for which data are available Asterisks indicate that state data have been updated from Lynch and Oakford ldquoNational and State-by-State EconomicBenefits of Immigration Reformrdquo

Source Robert Lynch and Patrick Oakford ldquoNational and State-by-State Economic Benefits of Immigration Reformrdquo (Washington Center for American Progress 2013) available athttpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationreport2013051763295national-and-state-by-state-economic-benefits-of-immigration-reform The state calculations for

benefits of comprehensive immigration reform are based off the following source Jeffrey Passel and Drsquo Vera Cohn ldquoUnauthorized Immigrant Population National and State Trends2010rdquo (Washington Pew Hispanic Center 2011) available at httpwwwpewhispanicorgfilesreports133pdf




In he absence o acion on comprehensive immigraion reorm Presiden Obama

has made moves o fill he holes in he exising immigraion sysem wih he expan-

sion o DACA and he creaion o DAPA hrough execuive acion announced in

November 2014 DAPA would on a case-by-case basis gran emporary relie rom

deporaion991252or deerred acion991252and he abiliy o apply or work auhoriza-

ion o unauhorized individuals who have lived in he Unied Saes since 2010and are parens o US ciizens or lawul permanen residens Expanded DACA

enails a similar case-by-case screening and graning o deerred acion o people

who came o he Unied Saes a a young age58 Trough DAPA and expanded

DACA he Obama adminisraion is exercising is prosecuorial discreion o ocus

enorcemen effors on high-prioriy cases while creaing a process or low-prioriy

individuals o come orward and apply or his emporary relie59

Since DACA was iniiaed in 2012 hundreds o housands o young adul immi-

grans have successully become more inegraed ino he naionrsquos economic and

social insiuions60 For example 59 percen o DACA recipiens obained a new job 57 percen obained a driverrsquos license and 49 percen opened heir firs bank

accoun61 DAPA and DACA expansion would provide an addiional 52 million

eligible unauhorized immigrans reprieve rom deporaion and give hem he abil-

iy o work legally on a emporary basis62 A he naional level DACA DAPA and

DACA expansion would creae an average o 29000 jobs annually over 10 years and

provide an addiional 37 million individuals wih legal work permis 63 Allowing

hese unauhorized immigrans o come off he economic sidelines o live and work

wihou ear o deporaion would have boh economic and fiscal benefis

State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative

increase in earnings

of all state residents

Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100

District of Columbia $938000000 $246000000 $205000000 120

TABLE 2

Economic benefits of DAPA DACA and DACA expansion for statesand the District of Columbia over 10 years




State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250

Rhode Island $507000000 $317000000 $264000000 64South Carolina $1508000000 $968000000 $806000000 190

Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150

Note The state DACA DAPA and DACA expansion calculations are based on more recent data on the state undocumented populations than the 2013 comprehensive immigrationreform numbers in Figure 1

Sources Silva Mathema ldquoState-By-State Analysis of the Economic Impact of DACA DAPA and DACA Expansionrdquo Center for American Progress June 15 2015 available athttpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationnews20150615114894state-by-state-analysis-of-the-economic-impact-of-daca-dapa-and-daca-expansion

For more information on the methodology used in this analysis see Robert Lynch and Patrick Oakford ldquoThe Economic Effects of Granting Legal Status and Citizenship toUndocumented Immigrantsrdquo (Washington Center for American Progress 2013) available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationreport2013032057351 the-economic-effects-of-granting-legal-status-and-citizenship-to-undocumented-immigrants




State progress

While congressional leadership remains saunchly opposed o immigraion

reorm saes have counered his ide by esablishing more welcoming laws ha

would help inegrae immigran residens ino local communiies Examples o

hese pro-immigran inegraion policies include bu are no limied o64

bull Community policing policies Communiy policing policies and rus laws

reer o a broad se o iniiaives aken up by several hundred local ciy and sae

governmens across he counry o place limis on he collaboraion beween

local law enorcemen and ederal immigraion auhoriies Tese policies are

inended o srenghen rus and encourage communicaion beween local law

enorcemen and immigran communiies because immigrans may oherwise

be relucan o conac he police because o heir immigraion saus65

bull Access to driverrsquos licenses Increasingly a number o saes are providingopporuniies or unauhorized immigrans o apply or driverrsquos licenses which

would allow millions o people o work and drive saely and legally Every sae

now permis applicaions rom DACA recipiens66 A smaller number o saes

welcome applicaions rom all unauhorized immigrans67

bull Municipal identification card programs Several ciies across he counry allow

residens regardless o immigraion saus o obain municipal ideniy cards

Tese residen cards may no be used or ederal purposes bu can be used

locally o access services rom medical clinics financial insiuions libraries

and a variey o ciy agencies68

bull Education and tuition-equity laws A ederal law passed in 1996 resrics

saesrsquo abiliy o allow unauhorized sudens access o possecondary educa-

ion benefis Bu a number o saes have increasingly counered his movemen

by offering higher educaion admission and in-sae uiion o unauhorized

sudens saring wih exas in 200169




TABLE 3

Pro-immigrant laws in states the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico

State

Driverrsquos licenses

for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey




While Congress reuses o ake up a comprehensive immigraion reorm bill and

conservaives a every level o governmen enac policies ha demonize he enire

immigran populaion he lives o millions remain on hold a he same ime ha

he Unied Saes oreis huge economic gains Bu here are commonsense poli-cies o address hese problems From DAPA DACA and DACA expansion a he

ederal level o communiy policing programs educaion-equiy laws and more a

he sae level progressive immigraion soluions would benefi all Americans

State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Sources Karthick Ramakrishnan and Pratheepan Gulasekaram ldquoUnderstanding Immigration Federalism in the United Statesrdquo (Washington

Center for American Progress 2014) available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationreport2014032486207under-standing-immigration-federalism-in-the-united-states Silva Mathema ldquoProviding Identification to Unauthorized Immigrantsrdquo (WashingtonCenter for American Progress 2015) available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationreport20151124126082

providing-identification-to-unauthorized-immigrants

These classes of driverrsquos licenses differ by state For more detailed information see Mathema ldquoProviding Identification to UnauthorizedImmigrantsrdquo




Conclusion

Te Unied Saes is a counry buil by immigrans Bu he curren immigra-

ion sysem has become oo ocused on aggressive deporaion sraegies earing

amilies apar while orcing millions o immigrans o remain on he economic

sidelines Given he growing demographic and elecoral power o immigran

communiies he acions o policymakers on immigraion issues mater grealy

paricularly as he 2016 elecion draws closer Te benefis o progressive immigra-

ion policies are clear Implemening DAPA DACA and DACA expansion991252as

well as graning legal saus and a pahway o ciizenship or he millions o immi-grans living in his counry991252would increase GDP raise wages and creae jobs

all while prevening amilies rom being orn apar Ye conservaive lawmakers in

Washingon and across he counry coninuously ail o ac insead doing all hey

can o hwar any progress on reorms and passing piecemeal laws ha are aimed

a demonizing he enire immigran communiy Every day ha conservaive law-

makers keep heir backs urned on a raional pah orward or immigraion reorm

he naion misses ou on significan economic benefis and he lives o millions o

amilies remain on hold




About the authors

Kristen Ellingboe is a Researcher or he Cener or American Progress Acion

Fund War Room Prior o joining CAP Acion she worked as field coordinaor

or Sae Sen im Kellerrsquos (D-NM) re-elecion campaign and as an invesiga-

ive journalis wih he News Enerprise Program Originally rom AlbuquerqueEllingboe received a bachelor o ars in poliical science and journalism rom

Emory Universiy She also sudied Spanish language in Salamanca Spain and

hroughou Nicaragua

Anna Perina is he Special Assisan or he Cener or American Progress Acion

Fund War Room A naive Washingonian Perina received her BA in oreign

affairs and hisory rom he Universiy o Virginia Prior o joining CAP Acion

she inerned in he Press Office o Sen Kirsen E Gillibrand (D-NY) a he polii-

cal communicaions firm SKDKnickerbocker and or Generaion Progress in

summer 2013 She also sudied abroad in Rio de Janeiro

Acknowledgments

Te auhors would like o hank Anna Chu Angela Kelley om Jawez Philip

Wolgin and Lize Ocampo or heir review and advice hroughou he develop-

men o his repor




Endnotes

1 Rob Griffin William H Frey and Ruy Teixeira ldquoThe De-mographic Evolution of the American Electorate 1980ndash2060rdquo Center for American Progress February 24 2015available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesprogressive-movementnews20150224107166interactive-the-demographic-evolution-of-the-ameri-can-electorate-1980-2060

2 Polling Report ldquoImmigrationrdquo available at httpwwwpollingreportcomimmigrationhtm (last accessedNovember 2015)

3 Migration Policy Institute ldquoProfile of the UnauthorizedPopulation United Statesrdquo available at httpwwwmigrationpolicyorgdataunauthorized-immigrant-populationstateUS (last accessed November 2015)

4 Philip E Wolgin ldquo2 Years Later Immigrants AreStill Waiting on Immigration Reformrdquo Center forAmerican Progress June 24 2015 available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationnews201506241158352-years-later-immigrants-are-still-waiting-on-immigration-reform Alliancefor Citizenship ldquoThe 2015 GOP Mass DeportationAgendardquo (2015) available at httpsd3n8a8pro7vhmxcloudfrontneta4cpages31attachmentsorigi-nal1430246070A4C_-_Mass_Deportation_Agenda_Reportpdf1430246070

5 Joanna Dreby ldquoExecutive Action on Immigra-tion Will Help Children and Familiesrdquo Center forAmerican Progress March 3 2015 available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationnews20150303107769executive-action-on-immi-gration-will-help-children-and-families

6 Joanna Dreby ldquoHow Todayrsquos Immigration EnforcementPolicies Impact Children Families and Communitiesrdquo(Washington Center for American Progress 2012)available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgwp-contentuploads201208DrebyImmigrationFamiliespdf

7 Dreby ldquoExecutive Action on Immigration Will HelpChildren and Familiesrdquo

8 Ibid

9 US Department of Homeland Security 2013 Yearbookof Immigration Statistics (2014) available at httpwwwdhsgovsitesdefaultfilespublicationsois_yb_2013_0pdf

10 US Immigration and Customs Enforcement ldquoFY 2014ICE Immigration Removalsrdquo available at httpswwwicegovremoval-statistics (last accessed November2015) Dreby ldquoExecutive Action on Immigration WillHelp Children and Familiesrdquo

11 Paul Taylor and others ldquoUnauthorized ImmigrantsLength of Residency Patterns of Parenthoodrdquo (Wash-ington Pew Hispanic Center 2011) available at httpwwwpewhispanicorgfiles201112Unauthorized-Characteristicspdf

12 Jeffrey Passel and others ldquoAs Growth Stalls Unauthor-ized Immigrant Population Becomes More S ettledrdquo(Washington Pew Hispanic Center 2014) available athttpwwwpewhispanicorg20140903as-growth-stalls-unauthorized-immigrant-population-becomes-more-settled

13 US Department of State Annual Report of Immi-grant Visa Applicants in the Family-sponsored andEmployment-based preferences Registered at the NationalVisa Center as of November 1 2014 (2014) available athttptravelstategovcontentdamvisasStatisticsImmigrant-StatisticsWaitingListItempdf

14 Seth Wessler ldquoPrimary Data Deportations of Parents ofUS Citizen Kidsrdquo Colorlines December 17 2012 avail-able at httpwwwcolorlinescomarticlesprimary-data-deportations-parents-us-citizen-kids

15 Seth Wessler ldquoNearly 205K Deportations of Parents ofUS Citizens in Just Over Two Yearsrdquo Colorlines Decem-ber 17 2012 available at httpwwwcolorlinescomarticlesnearly-205k-deportations-parents-us-citizens-

just-over-two-years

16 Robert Lynch and Patrick Oakford ldquoThe EconomicEffects of Granting Legal Status and Citizenship toUndocumented Immigrantsrdquo (Washington Centerfor American Progress 2013) available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationreport2013032057351the-economic-effects-of-granting-legal-status-and-citizenship-to-undocument-ed-immigrants

17 Matthew Gardner Sebastian Johnson and MegWiehe ldquoUndocumented Immigrantsrsquo State amp Local TaxContributionsrdquo (Washington Institute on Taxation andEconomic Policy 2015) available at httpwwwiteporgpdfundocumentedtaxes2015pdf

18 Lynch and Oakford ldquoThe Economic Effects of GrantingLegal Status and Citizenship to Undocumented Im-migrantsrdquo

19 Ibid

20 Ibid

21 Silva Mathema ldquoInfographic Inaction on Immigration Is Too Costlyrdquo Center for American Progress April 9 2015available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationnews20150409110589infographic-

inaction-on-immigration-is-too-costly

22 Adriana Kugler Robert Lynch and Patrick OakfordldquoImproving Lives Strengthening Finances TheBenefits of Immigration Reform to Social Security rdquo(Washington Center for American Progress 2013)available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationreport2013061466543improving-lives-strengthening-finances-the-benefits-of-im-migration-reform-to-social-security Robert Lynchand Patrick Oakford ldquoHow Will Immigration ReformImpact the Medicare Trust Fundrdquo (Washington Centerfor American Progress 2014) available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationre-port2014022782121how-will-immigration-reform-impact-the-medicare-trust-fund

23 Steven Dennis ldquoImmigration Bill Officially DeadBoehner Tells Obama No Vote This Year President Saysrdquo

Roll Call Potus Operandi Blog June 30 2014 availableat httpblogsrollcallcomwhite-houseimmigration-bill-officially-dead-boehner-tells-obama-no-vote-this-year

24 Karthick Ramakrishnan and Pratheepan GulasekaramldquoUnderstanding Immigration Federalism in the UnitedStatesrdquo (Washington Center for American Progress2014) available at httpscdnamericanprogressorgwp-contentuploads201403StateImmigration-reportv2pdf




25 Wolgin ldquo2 Years Later Immigrants Are Still Waiting onImmigration Reformrdquo

26 Dennis ldquoImmigration Bill Officially Deadrdquo

27 Nicholas Fandos ldquoPaul Ryan Says He Wonrsquot Work withObama on Immigration Reformrdquo The New York TimesNovember 1 2015 available at httpwwwnytimescom20151102uspoliticspaul-ryan-says-he-wont-work-with-obama-on-immigration-reformhtml_r=2

28 Elaina Plott ldquoPaul Ryan Pledges No Immigration

Reform under Obamardquo National Review October 272015 available at httpwwwnationalreviewcomarticle426097paul-ryan-promises-no-immigration-reform-obama-administration

29 Philip Wolgin ldquoThe Housersquos Newest ImmigrationPlan Is Mass Deportationrdquo ThinkProgress March 172015 available at httpthinkprogressorgimmigra-tion201503173634979houses-newest-immigra-tion-plan-comprehensive-mass-deportation HouseJudiciary Committee ldquoHouse Judiciary CommitteePasses First Immigration Enforcement Billrdquo Pressrelease March 3 2015 available at httpjudiciaryhousegovindexcfmpress-releasesid=F5AB795E-D739-49DB-9754-18CFD48F8C97 Anu KumarldquoHouse Judiciary Committee Signs Off On Two BillsChallenging Life For Immigrantsrdquo Generation ProgressMarch 24 2015 available at httpgenprogressorgvoices2015032435634house-judiciary-committee-

signs-off-on-two-bills-challenging-life-for-immigrants

30 US Citizenship and Immigration Services ldquoExecutiveActions on Immigrationrdquo available at httpwwwuscisgovimmigrationaction (last accessed November 2015)

31 Michael D Shear and Robert Pear ldquoObamarsquos Immigra-tion Plan Could Shield Five MillionrdquoThe New York TimesNovember 19 2014 available at httpwwwnytimescom20141120uspoliticsobamacare-unlikely-for-undocumented-immigrantshtmlmtrref=undefinedampassetType=nyt_now

32 Tim Devaney ldquoHouse GOP pushing new immigrationbillsrdquo The Hill February 27 2015 available at httpthehillcomregulationadministration234137-house-gop-pushing-new-immigration-bills

33 Preventing Executive Overreach on Immigration Act HR

5759 114 Cong 1 sess (Government Printing Office2014) available at httpd35brb9zkkbdsdcloudfrontnetwp-contentuploads201412H-R-5759-Amend-ment-12-2-14-Preventing-Executive-Overreach-on-Immigration-Act-of-2014pdf

34 Frank Camp ldquoTrey Gowdy Defies Obama ImmigrationOrder With Introduction of His O wn Billrdquo IndependentJournal February 2015 available at httpwwwijreviewcom201502259910-trey-gowdy-defies-obama-taking-immigration-hands Chuck Ross ldquoTreyGowdy Fights Back Against Obamarsquos Amnesty WithNew Immigration Planrdquo The Daily Caller February 272015 available at httpdailycallercom20150227trey-gowdy-bill-would-dismantle-obamas-amnesty-speed-up-deportation-of-criminal-aliens

35 Gabrielle Levy ldquoSigns of Life for Immigration ReformrdquoUS News amp World Report June 3 2015 available at

httpwwwusnewscomnewsarticles20150603signs-of-life-for-immigration-reform

36 Catalina Camia ldquoTexas leads 17 states in suing Obamaover immigrationrdquo USA Today December 3 2014available at httpwwwusatodaycomstorynewspolitics20141203obama-immigration-lawsuit-tex-as19851141 David Leopold ldquoWhat happened to thelawsuit against Obamarsquos immigration actionsrdquo MSNBCOctober 5 2015 available at httpwwwmsnbccommsnbcwhats-taking-the-5th-circuit-so-long-rule-obamas-immigration-executive-actions

37 Theresa Cardinal Brown ldquoImmigration Executive ActionCourt Case Primer (Texas v United States)rdquo BipartisanPolicy Center June 2 2015 available at httpbipar-tisanpolicyorgblogimmigration-executive-action-court-case-primer-texas-v-united-states

38 Texas v United States US Court of Appeals forthe 5th Circuit November 9 2015 availableat httpcdnthinkprogressorgwp-contentuploads201511100217245th-cir-Texas-v-US-meritspdf

39 Michael D Shear ldquoObama to Appeal Immigra-tion Ruling to Supreme CourtrdquoThe New York TimesNovember 10 2015 available at httpwwwnytimescom20151111uspoliticssupreme-court-immigra-tion-obamahtml_r=0

40 Tom Jawetz and Sanam Malik ldquoTurning Our Backson the 14th Amendmentrdquo (Washington Centerfor American Progress 2015) available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationreport20151109125182turning-our-backs-on-the-14th-amendment

41 Elise Foley ldquoHouse Republicans Go After BirthrightCitizenshiprdquo The Huffington Post April 29 2015 avail-able at httpwwwhuffingtonpostcom20150429house-republicans-birthright-citizenship_n_7174686html House Judiciary Committee Birthright Citizen-ship Is It the Right Policy for America (Government

Printing Office 2015) available at httpjudiciaryhousegov_cachefilesd4d230ee-7f0f-44b0-bdf4-bbdfa564e085114-21-94409pdf

42 Mark Noferi ldquoEnding Birthright Citizenship (Still) Un-constitutional Unwise Unworkable and Un-AmericanrdquoAmerican Immigration Council April 28 2015 availableat httpimmigrationimpactcom20150428ending-birthright-citizenship-still-unconstitutional-unwise-unworkable-and-un-american

43 Michael Fix ldquoRepealing Birthright Citizenship TheUnintended Consequencesrdquo Migration Policy InstituteAugust 2015 available at httpwwwmigrationpolicyorgnewsrepealing-birthright-citizenship-unintended-consequences

44 Sam Fulwood III and Marshall Fitz ldquoLess than Citizensrdquo(Washington Center for American Progress 2011)

available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationnews201105119690less-than-citizens

45 Molly Hennessy-Fiske ldquoJudge Texas can deny birthcertificates for US-born children of some immigrantsrdquoLos Angeles Times October 16 2015 available at httpwwwlatimescomnationnationnowla-na-nn-texas-immigrant-birth-certificate-20151016-storyhtml

46 City and County of San Francisco ldquoWhat is the Sanctu-ary Ordinancerdquo available at httpsfgsaorgindexaspxpage=1067 (last accessed November 2015)

47 Jordan Carney ldquoSenate Dems block lsquosanctuary citiesrsquobillrdquo The Hill October 20 2015 available at httpthehillcomblogsfloor-actionsenate257471-dems-block-sanctuary-cities-bill

48 Esther Yu-Hsi Lee ldquoThe Big Problem With The GOPrsquosCrusade Against lsquoSanctuary Citiesrsquordquo ThinkProgress July23 2015 available at httpthinkprogressorgimmigra-tion201507233683375repub-bills-sanctuary-cities

49 CAP Action War Room ldquoThe Donald Trump Actrdquo Think-Progress October 20 2015 available at httpthink-progressorgprogress-reportthe-donald-trump-act

50 Protect North Carolina Workers Act HB 318SL 2015-294 North Carolina General Assembly (2015)




51 Michael Davis Jr in Honor of State and Local LawEnforcement Act HR 1148 114 Cong 1 sess (Govern-ment Printing Office 2015) available at httpswwwcongressgovbill114th-congresshouse-bill1148

52 Philip E Wolgin ldquoWhat Would It Cost to Deport 113Million Unauthorized Immigrantsrdquo Center for Ameri-can Progress August 18 2015 available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationnews20150818119474what-would-it-cost-to-deport-11-3-million-unauthorized-immigrants

53 Ibid

54 Office of Rep Ted Franks ldquoFranks Introduces NationalBorder and Homeland Security Actrdquo Press releaseJune 25 2014 available at httpsfrankshousegovpress-releasefranks-introduces-national-border-and-homeland-security-act Secure Fence Restoration Act of2015 HR 4034 114 Cong 1 sess (Government PrintingOffice 2015) available at httpswwwcongressgovbill114th-congresshouse-bill4034text

55 US Department of Homeland Security ldquoSecuring andManaging Our Bordersrdquo available at wwwdhsgovsecuring-and-managing-our-borders (last accessedDecember 2015)

56 Doris Meissner and others ldquoImmigration Enforcementin the United States The Rise of a Formidable Machin-eryrdquo (Washington Migration Policy Institute 2013)

available at httpcdnthinkprogressorgwp-contentuploads20151008171246MPI-report-enforcement-pillarspdf

57 Ibid Mathema ldquoInfographic Inaction on ImmigrationIs Too Costlyrdquo

58 American Immigration Council ldquoA Guide to the Im-migration Accountability Executive Actionrdquo availableat httpwwwimmigrationpolicyorgspecial-reportsguide-immigration-accountability-executive-action (last accessed December 2015)

59 Marshal Fitz ldquoWhat the President Can Do on Immigra-tion if Congress fails to Actrdquo (Washington Centerfor American Progress 2014) available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationreport2014070193042what-the-president-can-do-on-immigration-if-congress-fails-to-act

60 Roberto G Gonzales and Angie M Bautista-ChavezldquoTwo Years and Counting Assessing the Growing Powerof DACArdquo (Washington American Immigration Council2014) available at httpwwwimmigrationpolicyorgsitesdefaultfilesdocstwo_years_and_counting_as-sessing_the_growing_power_of_daca_finalpdf

61 Ibid

62 Migration Policy Institute ldquoProfile of the UnauthorizedPopulation United Statesrdquo

63 Mathema ldquoInfographic Inaction on Immigration Is TooCostlyrdquo

64 Ramakrishnan and Gulasekaram ldquoUnderstanding Im-migration Federalism in the United Statesrdquo

65 Lynne Tramonte ldquoDebunking the Myth of lsquoSanctuary

Citiesrsquordquo (Washington Immigration Policy Center 2011)available at httpwwwimmigrationpolicyorgsitesdefaultfilesdocsCommunity_Policing_Policies_Pro-tect_American_042611_updatepdf

66 Griselda Nevarez ldquoNebraska Ends Ban on DriverrsquosLicenses for Young Immigrantsrdquo NBC News May 282015 available at httpwwwnbcnewscomnewslatinonebraska-ends-ban-drivers-licenses-young-immigrants-n366136

67 Silva Mathema ldquoProviding Identification toUnauthorized Immigrantsrdquo (Washington Centerfor American Progress 2015) available at httpswwwamericanprogressorgissuesimmigrationreport20151124126082providing-identification-to-unauthorized-immigrants National Immigration LawCenter ldquoState Driverrsquos License Policies amp DACArdquo avail-able at httpswwwnilcorgdacadriverslicensestbl

html (last accessed November 2015)

68 Charles Posner and Lizet Ocampo ldquoKey Facts AboutNevada Voting Demographics How ChangingDemographics and DAPA-Affected Voters CouldImpact the 2016 Electionsrdquo (Washington Center forAmerican Progress 2015) available at httpswwwamericanprogressactionorgissuesimmigrationre-port20151207126857

69 National Immigration Law Center ldquoBasic Facts about In-State Tuition for Undocumented Immigrant Studentsrdquoavailable at httpswwwnilcorgbasic-facts-instatehtml (last accessed November 2015)



Our Mission

The Center for American

Progress Action Fund is an

independent nonpartisan

policy institute and advocacy

organization that is dedicated

to improving the lives of all

Americans through boldprogressive ideas as well

as strong leadership and

concerted action Our aim

is not just to change the

conversation but to change

the country

Our Values

As progressives we believe

America should be a land of

boundless opportunity where

people can climb the ladder

of economic mobility We

believe we owe it to future

generations to protect theplanet and promote peace

and shared global prosperity

And we believe an effective

government can earn the

trust of the American people

champion the common good

over narrow self-interest

and harness the strength ofour diversity

Our Approach

We develop new policy ideas

challenge the media to cover

the issues that truly matter

and shape the national

debate With policy teams in

major issue areas The Center

for American Progress ActionFund can think creatively at

the cross-section of traditiona

boundaries to develop ideas

for policymakers that lead to

real change By employing an

extensive communications

and outreach effort that we

adapt to a rapidly changing

media landscape we moveour ideas aggressively in the

national policy debate



The State ofImmigration Reform












9 Federal solutions

13 State progress

16 Conclusion


18 Endnotes

Contents






























Problems caused by









Separating families




























































$625 billion21











Overview of the

















ion reorm plan26

























































































































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach



























9 Federal solutions

13 State progress

16 Conclusion


18 Endnotes

Contents






























Problems caused by









Separating families




























































$625 billion21











Overview of the

















ion reorm plan26

























































































































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach














































Problems caused by









Separating families




























































$625 billion21











Overview of the

















ion reorm plan26

























































































































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




















Problems caused by









Separating families




























































$625 billion21











Overview of the

















ion reorm plan26

























































































































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach

























































$625 billion21











Overview of the

















ion reorm plan26

























































































































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach























$625 billion21











Overview of the

















ion reorm plan26

























































































































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




















Overview of the

















ion reorm plan26

























































































































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach































































































































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




























































































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach
























































immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach





















immigration reform






Federal solutions











State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Alabama $6640000000 $4271000000 $3560000000 1000


California $211700000000 $115000000000 $95800000000 30700

Colorado $15800000000 $9100000000 $7600000000 2300

Connecticut $12100000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Delaware $3600000000 $1400000000 $1100000000 500

TABLE 1





State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




















State

Cumulative increase


Cumulative increase

in earnings of

state residents

Cumulative increase

in earnings of


Average number

of jobs created

annually

Florida $55300000000 $37800000000 $31500000000 8000

Georgia $44100000000 $ 26100000000 $ 21800000000 6400

Hawaii $3300000000 $1700000000 $1400000000 500

Idaho $1500000000 $958000000 $798000000 200

Illinois $39300000000 $21000000000 $17500000000 5700

Indiana $8000000000 $4900000000 $3700000000 1200

Iowa $6000000000 $3300000000 $2800000000 900

Kansas $4900000000 $2700000000 $2200000000 700

Kentucky $5100000000 $3000000000 $2500000000 700

Louisiana $5700000000 $2500000000 $2100000000 800

Maryland $23800000000 $15600000000 $13000000000 3400

Massachusetts $19100000000 $10700000000 $8900000000 2800

Michigan $10200000000 $6800000000 $5600000000 1500

Minnesota $6400000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900

Missouri $5100000000 $3300000000 $2700000000 700

Nebraska $3000000000 $1600000000 $1400000000 400

Nevada $17900000000 $9000000000 $7500000000 2600

New Hampshire $1600000000 $337000000 $281000000 200

New Jersey $50000000000 $29900000000 $25000000000 7200

New Mexico $3800000000 $2400000000 $2000000000 600

New York $58700000000 $28000000000 $23400000000 8500

North Carolina $34700000000 $19300000000 $16100000000 5000

Ohio $7600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1100

Oklahoma $4600000000 $3100000000 $2600000000 700

Oregon $12600000000 $6800000000 $5700000000 1800

Pennsylvania $14800000000 $9300000000 $7700000000 2100

Rhode Island $2000000000 $1200000000 $1000000000 300

South Carolina $5800000000 $3400000000 $2900000000 800

Tennessee $10200000000 $5800000000 $4800000000 1500

Texas $144600000000 $74700000000 $62200000000 21000

Utah $8600000000 $4600000000 $3800000000 1200

Virginia $16300000000 $9600000000 $8000000000 2400

Washington $21300000000 $12500000000 $10400000000 3000

Wisconsin $6100000000 $3700000000 $3100000000 900




























State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach









































State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Arizona $6199000000 $4053000000 $3378000000 780

Arkansas $1363000000 $736000000 $614000000 170

California $75833000000 $39309000000 $32758000000 9500

Colorado $3332000000 $2062000000 $1719000000 420

Connecticut $2914000000 $1466000000 $1221000000 370

Delaware $809000000 $323000000 $269000000 100


TABLE 2





State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




















State

Cumulative

increase in

state GDP

Cumulative



Cumulative


of DAPA- and DACA-

eligible workers

Average number

of jobs created

Florida $9426000000 $6226000000 $5188000000 1180

Georgia $7561000000 $4290000000 $3575000000 950

Hawaii $276000000 $136000000 $114000000 35

Idaho $781000000 $481000000 $401000000 100

Illinois $14779000000 $7981000000 $6651000000 1850

Indiana $1577000000 $818000000 $682000000 200

Iowa $765000000 $422000000 $351000000 100

Kansas $2094000000 $1086000000 $905000000 260

Kentucky $357000000 $209000000 $175000000 45

Maryland $4530000000 $2694000000 $2245000000 570

Massachusetts $3305000000 $1749000000 $1457000000 410

Michigan $1867000000 $1189000000 $991000000 230

Minnesota $1688000000 $945000000 $787000000 210

Nebraska $781000000 $378000000 $315000000 100

Nevada $2549000000 $1374000000 $1145000000 320

New Jersey $11979000000 $6433000000 $5361000000 1500

New Mexico $1112000000 $670000000 $559000000 140

New York $16109000000 $7381000000 $6151000000 2020

North Carolina $6588000000 $3283000000 $2736000000 830

Ohio $1570000000 $837000000 $697000000 200

Oklahoma $3259000000 $1619000000 $1349000000 410

Oregon $2879000000 $1515000000 $1263000000 360

Pennsylvania $2006000000 $1219000000 $1016000000 250


Tennessee $2654000000 $1452000000 $1210000000 330

Texas $38271000000 $17576000000 $14647000000 4800

Utah $2646000000 $1347000000 $1123000000 330

Virginia $4199000000 $2642000000 $2202000000 530

Washington $3986000000 $2244000000 $1870000000 500

Wisconsin $1191000000 $723000000 $602000000 150







State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




















State progress





























TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




















TABLE 3


State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

Alabama

Alaska Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware


Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey










State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach


























State


for DACA

recipients


for unauthorized

immigrants

In-state

tuition

Financial

aid

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming








Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




















Conclusion



















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




















About the authors






hroughou Nicaragua







Acknowledgments



men o his repor




Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach




















Endnotes








8 Ibid








just-over-two-years




19 Ibid

20 Ibid















































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach

























































53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach






















53 Ibid









61 Ibid













Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach



















Our Mission












the country

Our Values















Our Approach

















Documents

The State of Immigration Reform