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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Headquarters U.S. Air Force
Air Force Energy Efficiencies and Partnerships
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Ken Gray for SAF/IEN
15 Feb 2011
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
How much did the Air Force spend on energy in FY2010?
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Aviation84%
Facilities12%
Vehicles & Equipment
4%200
3200
4200
5200
6200
7200
8200
9201
0
300,000,000
350,000,000
400,000,000
450,000,000
500,000,000
550,000,000
3,000,000,000
5,000,000,000
7,000,000,000
9,000,000,000
11,000,000,000
Cost Breakdown
The Air Force spent over $8 billion for energy in FY2010
Cost and Consumption Trends
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
What is the Air Force doing to meet its energy goals?
Reduce Demand: implementing efficiency/conservation tools
Aviation fuel consumption reduced 2% since ‘06 (goal 10% by ‘15)
Facility energy intensity reduced14.8% since ‘03 (goal 15%)
Increase Supply: committed to renewable/alt energy sources
Alt Aviation Fuel Initiative: looking at multiple feed stocks to ensure AF can use commercially available alternative fuels
Renewable energy for 6.4% of total facility energy (goal 5%)
Developing additional on-base renewable facility energy
Change the Culture: using initiatives to instill energy awareness
Air Force Energy Vision: Make Energy a Consideration in All We Do
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
How does the Air Force govern energy?
Energy governance Cross-functional governance and management structures All levels of Air Force command Scope includes all energy use and management Aviation, installation, ground transportation, and support
equipment and systems, as well as associated science and technology opportunities
Under Secretary and Vice Chief of Staff chair AF Energy Council Began 2005 Revised Nov 2010 to link energy governance with Air Force
corporate structure
MAJCOM Energy Management Steering Groups, chaired by CC or CV, provide a cross-functional mission structure handling the complex energy issues
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
What are examples of recent AF energy successes?
Aviation: Over 99% of Air Force fleet certified for unrestricted operations
using a 50/50 synthetic fuel blend Initiated test and certification of AF fleet on 50/50 blend of
biomass-derived jet fuel (HRJ) and traditional JP-8
Installations: Continued to address energy mandates and goals Renewable energy accounted for 6.4% of the total energy
consumed, exceeding the 5% goal for FY10 43 bases with a total of 85 projects 19 renewable energy projects are planned for FY2011-FY2014
Vehicles: Prior to joint basing in FY10, AF reduced miles traveled by
520,000 and eliminated 1,700 vehicles per year on average Alternative fuel use increased 16% from FY2009
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
OPERATIONAL ENERGY
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Air Force Operational Energy Effort
Energy can be a strategic vulnerability that impairs operational effectiveness, increases cost and skews force structure
Aviation Operations: Enhancing operational energy management through improved logistics planning & decision support systems
Expeditionary Energy: Developing renewable energy and energy conservation capabilities for expeditionary applications
Energy Security: Addressing physical security of infrastructure and energy supply to ensure continuity of operations
Fully Burdened Cost of Energy acquisition methodology being developed to ensure all costs (e.g., fuel, transport) are addressed
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Decreasing fuel demand by maximizing efficiencies will increase AF combat capability and enhance energy security
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Energy Efficiency Initiatives
Energy efficiency initiatives can provide large-scale savings from initial investment; however, returns-on-investment and break even points are often past the FYDP and require a long-term view
Applying efficiency initiatives, new processes and new technologies to operations can lower energy consumption and costs
Past Success: C-17 Eco Power Wash—periodic engine wash removes dirt and increases fuel efficiency; saves ~1.4M gals/yr
Example of FY12 funded initiatives: KC-135 & KC-10 Mission Index Flying—Investing $8M with an expected savings of $92M
Energy savings can be second order effect:
Example: Expanded use of simulators to reduce training hours saves fuel and aircraft maintenance
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Implementing energy efficiency initiatives will have positive impacts on warfighting capabilities and the Air Force budget
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Alternative Aviation Fuel
Alternates provide for future flexibility in fuel sources
Air Force has used a many advanced technologies
Looking forward to the innovative fuel production solutions that industry will bring to the market
Air Force, the largest DoD user of fossil fuels, is positioned to take advantage of diverse fuel supplies
Air Force continues pursuing certification of critical alternate fuel/engine interface for reliable and safe weapon system operation
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
AF Synthetic Aviation Fuel History
First AF aircraft certified to use synthetic fuel blend: B-52 in August 2007
First transcontinental flight using synthetic fuel blend: C-17 in December 2007
First supersonic flight conducted using a synthetic fuel blend: B-1B in March 2008
First fighter demonstration flight using a synthetic fuel blend: F-15 in August 2008
First aerial refueling using a synthetic blend fuel: F-22 and KC-135 in August 2008
JP-8 Fuel Specification (MIL-DTL-83133) revised to include FT synthetic fuel as a blending component in April 2010
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Alternative Aviation Fuel Initiative
Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Fuel Blend
Over 99% of aircraft fleet and associated support equipment certified for unrestricted operational use
Successfully conducted flight demonstrations/test and formal certification pending final report
Working F-35 and CV-22 test platforms owned by Navy
Biomass-Derived Hydro-processed Renewable Jet (HRJ) blend Certified C-17 for unrestricted operations using the HRJ blend
on 4 Feb 2011 - first USAF platform certified on HRJ
Certification activities are on-track for early 2013 completion
Will be positioned to integrate cost competitive, environmentally friendly, domestically produced alternative fuel blends by 2016
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Biomass-derived Aviation Fuel Blends
Flew A-10 Thunderbolt II on HRJ fuel blend on 22-25 Mar 2010 at Eglin AFB, FL
First-ever flight of an aircraft powered solely on a biomass-derived jet fuel blend
Flew C-17 Globemaster on blends of JP-8, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuel, and HRJ fuel in Aug 2010 at Edwards AFB, CA
Test demonstrated the Air Force can treat both HRJ and FT blends as JP-8 drop-ins, as well as co-mingle alternative fuels
Conducted dedicated testing of F101 (F-16) and F100 (F-16 & F-15) powerplants in Jun-Jul 10
Conducted F-15 Operational Assessment (flight) Oct 2010 at Eglin AFB, FL
Certified C-17 on 4 Feb 2011 for unrestricted operations using HRJ 50/50 blend - first Air Force platform certified on HRJ
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
What is the way forward for the alternative aviation fuel initiative?
Air Force looking to DoE and Industry to develop production capability for alternative fuels
Air Force views ongoing multi-billion dollar DOE, USDA, and industry investments (domestic and international) as a reasonable and credible development effort to provide future fuel availability
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Other Recent Aviation Efforts
AF pursued initiatives that did and did not require investment. C-17 Eco Power Wash - periodic engine wash with atomized water
removes dirt and increases fuel efficiency C-17 Mach Reduction – cruise at optimum airspeed Removed non-essential weight from mobility aircraft KC-135 Ballast Fuel – reduce unusable and unnecessary fuel carried Optimized operations planning and execution of mobility aircraft
Discontinued ‘standard ramp fuel’ practice C-5/C-17 Center of Gravity optimization Optimized European flight routing and clearances
Opportunities being developed: Mission Index Flying – optimize airlift fuel planning and execution Engine upgrades (C-130/KC-135); Business case development
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Near Term Aviation Efforts
FY12 $128M investment garners over $500M savings in efficiencies
Examples include:
Airline Industry Flight Management Optimization Tools
New Flight Planning System
Expanded Use of Simulators to Conduct Training
Engine Cleaning
Policy
There are 65+ additional initiatives in review across the Mobility Air Forces aimed at achieving even greater efficiencies
Decreasing fuel demand by maximizing efficiencies will increase Air Force combat capability and enhance energy security
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Aviation RDT&E Efforts
Engines designs Adaptive Versatile Engine Technology (ADVENT)
Technologies that adjust fan & core airflow and pressure for optimized performance & fuel efficiency
Highly Efficient Embedded Turbine Engine (HEETE) 35% improvement in fuel efficiency, other performance
parameters improved as well
Airframes Reduced Drag for Supersonic and Subsonic Flight Advanced Composite Cargo Aircraft
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
GROUND VEHICLES
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
What is the Air Force doing to improve vehicle fuel use?
Reduced petro consumption in vehicles by 7% since ‘05 (goal 30% by ‘20)
Increased alternative fuel use by 38% since ‘05 (goal is 10% compounded annually through ‘15)
27 Ethanol (E85) Stations on base (836,000 GGE E85 consumed in FY10)
60 Biodiesel (B20) Stations (3.5 M GGE B20 consumed in FY10)
Developing process to certify new alternative ground fuels
Acquired more than 475 hybrid electric vehicles in fleet in FY10 (11 In FY09)
Evaluating capabilities and logistics for all-electric plug in vehicles
Learning from Army’s initiative to procure all-electric low speed vehicles
GSA has 2 Chevy Volts reserved for the Air Force with Sep 2011 delivery
Funded in FY12 to install RFID devices on vehicles to monitor and reduce idle time
The Air Force will meet its vehicle energy goals with a diverse acquisition strategy and process improvements
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
FACILITY ENERGY
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Installation Energy Goals
Renewable energy
6.4% of total electric consumption (goal 5% in FY10)
Overall Goal: Increase Renewable Energy 3% by FY07; 5% by FY10 and 7.5% by FY13 (EPAct 05)
Energy intensity
Reduced 14.8% (goal 15% in FY10)
Overall Goal: Reducing energy use 3% per year through FY15 from 2003 baseline (EISA 2007); 1.5% a year through FY25 to reach 25% (EO 13514)
Electric Meters: Installed 87.1% (goal 100% by 2012)
Building designs that are 30% more energy efficient than relevant code: 100% (458/458 since 2007)
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
Will the Air Force meet its installation energy goals?
Energy Intensity: current AF budget for facility energy and water projects will make it challenging to meet energy and water intensity reduction goals , reactivate third party funding
Most investments require 2yrs from contract award to realize measureable energy savings due to contract and construction lag time
Aggressive program in place to reduce overall square footage of facilities to reduce maintenance costs; however, reducing square footage penalizes the intensity metric
Renewable Energy: high levels of investment necessary coupled with limited cost-effectiveness of RE when compared to commercial utility rates will make goals difficult to reach
To meet solely by AF-funded capital would be in excess of $7B dollars based on cost per MWh of recently-installed projects
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I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e
What are some examples of Air Force energy conservation efforts?
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Examples of Energy Conservation Investment Programs (ECIPs):
Minot AFB, ND: Reduced energy consumption by 22% by decentralizing heat plant. Combined with other energy saving efforts and renewable energy projects, saved $2.6M in energy
Dyess AFB, TX: Expected to save over 26,000 mMBTU annually by using insulated roofs and upgrading existing systems to be more efficient
Other successes:
Vandenberg AFB, CA: reduced energy consumption 19.2%
Will Rogers World Airport, OK: reduced energy consumption 15.7%
Osan Air Base, JP: reduced energy consumption 7.61%
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 23
How does the Air Force approach renewable energy projects?
First Priority: Develop on-site renewable resources Direct AF investment thru Energy Conservation Investment
Program (MilCon set aside) Renewable Energy Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) Utility/Third Party Funded
Second Priority: Procure power from off-site renewable resources delivered over the power grid
Third Priority: Purchase Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
Why not develop more on-site renewable energy? Would need to build out almost 80 Nellis sized projects to
meet goal (14MW solar array at $100M) Total cost for enough on-site projects nearly $8 billion
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 24
What are the Top-10 on-base operational RE sites?
Tech Status Generation
KWHNELLIS AFB, NV Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 33,933
HILL AFB, UT Landfill Gas Fully Operational 15,113
F E WARREN AFB, WY Wind Fully Operational 8,725
ASCENSION Wind Fully Operational 7,095
TOLEDO ANG, OH Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 1,006
YOSEMITE AG, CA Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 942
CAPE COD AFS, MA Wind Fully Operational 821
JB MCGUIRE/DIX/LAKH Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 760
MARCH AFB, CA Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 732
LUKE AFB, AZ Solar Photovoltaic Fully Operational 596
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 25
What are the current in–progress renewable energy projects?
Initiative Source Cap KW
AF Academy, CO PV 6,003
Camp Perry ANG, OH PV 150
Los Angeles AFB, CA PV roof 225
AF Academy, CO PV 550
Moron AFB, Spain PV 1,100
Edwards AFB, CA PV 3,500
Davis Monthan, AZ PV 14,500
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 26
What are the future renewable energy projects?
Energy Source # of Projects Cap KW
Photovoltaic (PV) 10 45,160
Wind Energy 10 70,800
Waste to Energy 2 8,400
Landfill Gas 1 4,000
Biomass 1 25,000
PV Roof 2 1,263
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 27
Energy Security Initiatives
Sandia Labs Energy Surety Microgrid (ESM) assessing “smart grid” capability at 4 bases (Maxwell, Kirtland, Schriever, and Vandenberg)
Analyzing utilities privatization impact on installation energy security
Assessing backup power requirements for mission critical functions
Participating in Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD)
Improving emergency generator maint and testing policy
Emphasis on energy security efforts in all Air Force Unit Compliance Inspections and interactive exercises with utilities
I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 2828