Hydrogeological research of the Slovene part of ... et al...ITALIJA km Precipitation Meteorological stations Precipitation Potencialna evapotranspiracija. Workshop on the protection

Workshop on the protection of groundwater as a source of drinkinWorkshop on the protection of groundwater as a source of drinkinWorkshop on the protection of groundwater as a source of drinking water in karst areas g water in karst areas g water in karst areas --- Malinska, Island Krk (Croatia) Malinska, Island Krk (Croatia) Malinska, Island Krk (Croatia) 141414---15 April 2008 (Urbanc, J., Prestor, J., Janza, M.) 15 April 2008 (Urbanc, J., Prestor, J., Janza, M.) 15 April 2008 (Urbanc, J., Prestor, J., Janza, M.)

Hydrogeological research of the Slovene part of transboundary (SI-HR) aquifers between Kvarner-bay and Trieste-bay

Joerg PrestorJanko Urbanc

Mitja Janža

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




Transboundary research program between R Slovenia and R Croatia

Name of the program: Transboundary aquifers between Gulf of Trieste and Gulf of Kvarner between R Slovenia and R Croatia (Phases I and II)Timeframe: 2000/2003Institutions:

Initiator: Bilateral Slovenian-Croatian Sub-commission for Sea and Karst

Contracting parties CRO: Croatian Waters & Institute of Geology ZagrebContracting parties SLO: Environmental Agency & Geological Survey of Slovenia


Main issues and challenges in resources assessment

Water balance assessment within the aquifers with scarce possibilities of discharge measurements

thick unsaturated zone, submarine springs, tidal effects.

Monitoring network in the areas with important or even prevailing submarine outflowConservation and protection of extremely vulnerable karst aquifers

absence of surface flows to discharge waste water, dispersed settlementshigh aquifer susceptibility to accidental pollution,extremely limited possibility of interventions.


Joint activities & joint productsPhase I:

Operational hydrogeological mapSimultaneous observations of existing/provisional monitoring network

Phase II: Conceptual model (vulnerability, availability/recharge, exploitability, hydrodynamic boundaries, GW stratification, link to surface water)Provisional water balance assessment

Phase III (to follow):Common status and risk assessment (evaluation of monitoring, pressures, impacts, overview of provided measures)Joint GIS based expert system of important cross border water management issues for preparation of transboundary groundwater body


Focus of the presentation

Mathematical modelling oftransboundary Rižana aquifer systemusing remote techniquesVulnerability maping using SINTACS methodHydrochemical and isotopecharacterisation of the groundwater fromthe Kvarner area (presented byJ.Urbanc)


Mathematical modelling of transboundary Rižana aquifer system using remote techniques

NOAA-11 AVHRR (NOAA Satellite Active

Archive), taken on 18.8.1992.

Colour composition –RGB: bands 1, 2, 4

STUDY AREA


Groundwater Resources of the World (1:50.000.000) (Struckmeier, W.F. et al., 2004)

Karrenberg, H., Struckmeier, W., Szebenyi, L., 1970. InternationaleHydrogeologischeKarte von Europa1:1.500.000.


Classified Landsat TM image

Landsat–5 TM((c) ESA, Eurimage, ZRC SAZU, 1992), taken on 18.8. 1992. Colour composition- RGB: Bands 1, 2, 3

Rižanaspring

Classification

LAND COVER DATA

Workshop on the protection of groundwater as a source of drinkinWorkshop on the protection of groundwater as a source of drinkinWorkshop on the protection of groundwater as a source of drinking water in karst areas g water in karst areas g water in karst areas --- Malinska, Island Krk (Croatia) Malinska, Island Krk (Croatia) Malinska, Island Krk (Croatia) 141414---15 April 2008 (Urbanc, J., Prestor, J., Janza, M.) 15 April 2008 (Urbanc, J., Prestor, J., Janza, M.) 15 April 2008 (Urbanc, J., Prestor, J., Janza, M.) (DHI, 2001)

MIKE SHE - integrated, distributed groundwater/surface water model


N

5 km

IzvirIzvirRiRižžaneane (69 m)(69 m)

SlavnikSlavnik(1028 m)(1028 m)


SLOVENIJA

HRVAŠKA

ITALIJA

km

Meteorological stationsPrecipitation

Precipitation

Potencialna evapotranspiracija


Ilirska Bistrica

Precipitation distribution model


Pedološka karta obravnavanega območja (CPVO, 2001)Pedološke enote uporabljene v modeluOdvisnost koeficientaprepustnosti od vsebnosti vode

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

Vsebnost vode

pF apn

Water content

pf

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

Vsebnost vode

pF A2

Water content

pf

-15

-13

-11

-9

-7

-5

-3

-1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Vsebnost vode

log1

0 K

(Se)

, K(c

m/d

an)

A1

Log1

0 K

, K (c

m/d

an)

Water content

-15

-13

-11

-9

-7

-5

-3

-1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Vsebnost vode

log1

0 K

(Se)

, K(c

m/d

an)

A2 Water content

-15

-13

-11

-9

-7

-5

-3

-1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Vsebnost vode

log1

0 K

(Se)

, K(c

m/d

an)

apn Water content

Log1

0 K

, K (c

m/d

an)

Log1

0 K

, K (c

m/d

an)

Retention curves

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

Vsebnost vode

pF A1

Water content

pf

Use of pedotransfer functions

Pedologic

cross

section


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1984 1984 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

MERITEVMODEL

Observed - calculated dsicharge of Rižana spring

RESULTSQ

(m3 /s

)

Observed

Calculated


Average precipitation1350 mm/year(8.67 m3/s)

ETR621 mm/year (46%)

diffuse recharge4.66 m3/s allogenic recharge

0.99 m3/s

drained to the spring3.04 m3/s

- quick flow (2.67 m3/s)- slow flow (0.37 m3/s)

- which flows by or below the spring and recharges aquifer layers underneath the

covering layers of flysch sediments 0.24 m3/s

Outflow-towards southeast

transb. to Kvarner 1785 l/s-towards west (Osp) 337 l/s


Vulnerability maping usingSINTACS method

NOAA-11 AVHRR (NOAA Satellite Active

Archive), taken on 18.8.1992.

Colour composition –RGB: bands 1, 2, 4

GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY MAP OF THE STUDY AREA

MADE BY THE POINT COUNT SYSTEM MODEL

SINTACS (Civita & De Maio)


PARAMETERS OF SINTACS METHOD

depth to water table (or piezometric level),effective infiltration action,unsaturated zone attenuation capacity,soil/overburden attenuation capacity,hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer,hydraulic conductivity range of the aquifer,hydrologic role of the topographic slope.


1. Depth to water table (or piezometric level)


Depth to water table – SINTACS ratings


Distribution of yearly average precipitation


Distribution of corrected temperature


Distribution of yearly average effective evapotranspiration


HYDROGEOLOGICAL UNITS


KARST CAVES


CAVE DENSITY


CLASSIFICATION OF CAVE DENSITY


MAP OF EFFECTIVE INFILTRATION


CLASSIFIED MAP OF EFFECTIVE INFILTRATION


MAP OF UNSATURATED ZONE ATTENUATION CAPACITY


5. hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer


Map of hydraulic conductivity range of the aquifer


7. hydrologic role of the topographic slope


Classified map of the topographic slope


VULNERABILITY MAP


Experience developed and practices applied

Remote sensing techniques are very useful tool to characterization of transboundary aquifer systems –specially in lack of local, detailed and comparable data sets.Land cover and land use analysisoffer a good basis for assessing the key water balance parameters and dispersed pressures impacts in combination of joint HG map


Experience developed and practices appliedVulnerability of highly karstified areas is

generally extremely high (in the frame of pressures-impact assessment) in detailed local scale different methods are applicable to design detailed protection measures, butin regional scale the pollutant is transported instantaneously and with negligible degradation

Pressures-impact assessment significantly correlate to monitoring results


Experience developed and practices appliedAvailability of water resources should be

assessed using different methods to obtain the ranges and confidence limits Precipitation distribution has very strong spatial variation, rather few outflow measurements points are available, thus regional to local is recommended assessment procedure starting pointKarst aquifers in mountainous regions have high (future*) water resources potential (*future - only because of actual low accessibility)


HYDROCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPE CHARACTERISATION OF THE GROUNDWATER FROM THE KVARNER AREA

Janko Urbanc, Joerg Prestor, Geological Survey of SloveniaSanja Kapelj, Geotehnički fakultet Varaždin


PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATIONS

Basic information about hydrochemicaland isotope composition of groundwaterin the areaAditional hydrogeological data forimproving aquifer concepual models

recharge area characteristicsGroundwater dynamics

Basic information about groundwaterpolution

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

SNEŽNIKBISTR

ICA

KNEŽAKRIŽANA

BUŽINI

ODOLINA

ZVIRKRISTALSV.IV

ANBULAŽ

GRADOLEABRAMI

IZOLAD-1

PODPADNAD-2

DRAGONJAko

ncen

traci

ja (m

g/l)

Kalcij Magnezij

seawater influence

dolomite

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

[Mg]

/[Ca]

Kristal

BužiniRižana

Knežak

Bistrica

Snežnik

Čabranka

D-2 Dragonja

Sečovlje

Izola

Abrami

GradoleBulažSv.Ivan

ZvirRječina

Odolina

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Klo

ridi (

mg/

l)

Kristal

Bužini

Rižana

Knežak

BistricaSnežnik

Čabranka

D-2 Dragonja

Sečovlje

Izola

GradoleBulaž

Sv.IvanZvirRječinaOdolina

D-1 Podpadna

seawater influence

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

SNEŽNIKBISTRIC

AKNEŽAK

RIŽANABUŽIN

IODOLIN

AČABRANKA

RJEČIN

AZVIR

KRISTALSV.IV

ANBULA

ŽGRADOLE

ABRAMIIZOLA

SEČOVLJ

E

D-1 PODPADNA

D-2 DRAGONJA

nitr

ati (

mg/

l)

< 2 < 2 < 2 < 2

-9,5

-9,0

-8,5

-8,0

-7,5

-7,0

-6,5

-6,0

-5,5

-5,0

BISTRICA

ODOLINA

ZVIRKRISTALSV.IV

AN

GRADOLEABRAMI

kisi

k-18

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5oxygen-18

deut

eriu

m

SNEŽNIKBISTRICAKNEŽAKRIŽANABUŽINIODOLINAČABRANKARJEČINAZVIRKRISTALSV.IVANBULAŽGRADOLEABRAMIGMWL

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5

oxygen-18

deut

eriu

m

SNEŽNIKBISTRICAKNEŽAKRIŽANABUŽINIODOLINAČABRANKARJEČINAZVIRKRISTALSV.IVANBULAŽGRADOLEABRAMIWML

altitude

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

-9,50 -9,00 -8,50 -8,00 -7,50 -7,00 -6,50 -6,00

oxygen-18

calc

ulat

ed re

char

ge a

rea

altit

ude

(m) Snežnik

Rječina

RižanaBistricaZvir

Odolina

Čabranka

Abrami

GradoleBužiniBulaž

Sv.Ivan

Knežak

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4

O-18 (promili)

Ca

(mg/

l)

Čabranka

Kristal

Bulaž

AbramiGradole

Bužini

Sv.IvanRižana

Bistrica

Knežak

ZvirRječina

Odolina

Snežnik


PROPOSAL FOR FUTURE ACTIVITIES

More detailed informations about specificgroundwater contaminants (pesticides, organiccompounds, heavy metals …)Evaluation of hydrochemical data from othersources (water supply companies, othermonitoring programs, projects …)Definition of longterm water quality trendsExpert basis for coordinated monitoring networkon on both sides of state borders

Documents

Hydrogeological research of the Slovene part of ... et al...ITALIJA km Precipitation Meteorological stations Precipitation Potencialna evapotranspiracija. Workshop on the protection