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Introduction to Common VRP vs. IOS Commands
Huawei3Com
Topics
• Basic Commands
• Routing
• Switching
• Network Management
• Security Management
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Configuring the System Name
• Purpose User name is the name of equipment for users to use
the equipment more conveniently.
• Configuration Commands VRP sysname systemnamesysname systemname
IOS hostname systemnamehostname systemname
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Structure of the Command Line
• Purpose Introduce the configurations for entering the system mode and
the configuration mode.
• Configuration Commands• VRP system view Enter the system mode and the configuration mode• IOS enable Enter the system mode config terminal Enter the configuration mode
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Interface Description
• Purpose Interface description is to specify some attributes of
the interface (for example, what the interface is, and what equipment is connected at the peer end) for users to understand the interface better.
• Configuration Commands VRP has the same interface configuration commands
as IOS. Presented below are the interface configuration commands of VRP, for example.
interface serial interface serial 00 description frame-relaydescription frame-relay linklink toto huaweihuawei
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Configuring the Interface IP Address
• Purpose Define a network-wide unique identifier for the
interface .
• Configuration Commands VRP has the same IP address configuration
commands as IOS. Presented below are IP address configuration commands of VRP, for example.
interface ethernetinterface ethernet 0 0 ip address 168.10.2.1ip address 168.10.2.1 255.255.255.0255.255.255.0
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Link Encapsulation under Serial Port
• Purpose Select a different encapsulation mode for a different
network architecture.
• Configuration Commands The common link encapsulation modes of VRP are
FRAME-RELAY, HDLC, and PPP. VRP interface serial interface serial 00 link-protocal frame-relay/hdlc/ppplink-protocal frame-relay/hdlc/ppp IOS interface serial interface serial 00 encapsulation frame-relay/hdlc/pppencapsulation frame-relay/hdlc/ppp
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Viewing the Router Information
• Purpose Make users understand the equipment information better and facilitate
the equipment configuration.
• Configuration Commands VRP
Display the version: display versiondisplay versionDisplay the configuration informationof the current view: display thisdisplay thisDisplay the current configuration information: display currentdisplay currentDisplay the NVRAM configuration: display saved-config display saved-configDisplay information of an interface: display interface XXdisplay interface XXDisplay the routing information: display ip routingdisplay ip routing Display the module configuration in any status: display current config xx (mode)
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Viewing the Router Information
IOS Show the version information show versionshow version
Show the current configuration show running-configshow running-config
Show the NVRAM information show start-configshow start-config
Show information of an interface show interface xxshow interface xx
Show the routing information show ip routeshow ip route
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Debugging the Router
• PurposePurpose View all data packets of the router more carefully, View all data packets of the router more carefully,
which is helpful in uncovering the network problems.which is helpful in uncovering the network problems. • Common Debugging CommandsCommon Debugging Commands VRP VRP debugging ip packet debugging ip packet
debugging ospf [process-id] packetdebugging ospf [process-id] packet debuggingdebugging fr lmifr lmi
undo debugging all undo debugging all
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Debugging the Router
IOS IOS debug ip packetsdebug ip packets
debug ip ospf [process-id] packetdebug ip ospf [process-id] packet
debug frame-relay lmi debug frame-relay lmi
undebug all undebug all
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Shortcut Command Lines
• VRPVRP Ctrl+OCtrl+O undo debugging allundo debugging all Ctrl+LCtrl+L display ip routing-tabledisplay ip routing-table Ctrl+GCtrl+G display current-configurationdisplay current-configuration Ctrl+ACtrl+A Move to the beginning of command lineMove to the beginning of command line Ctrl+ECtrl+E Move to the end of command lineMove to the end of command line Ctrl+FCtrl+F Move forward by a characterMove forward by a character Ctrl+BCtrl+B Move backward by a characterMove backward by a character Ctrl+PCtrl+P (upward arrow) Re-use the previous command (upward arrow) Re-use the previous command Ctrl+NCtrl+N (downward arrow) Re-use the next command (downward arrow) Re-use the next command
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Shortcut Command Lines
• IOSIOS Ctrl+Shift+6+X Ctrl+Shift+6+X Stop the current operationStop the current operation Ctrl+Z Ctrl+Z Return to the privileged modeReturn to the privileged mode
Ctrl+A Ctrl+A Move to the beginning of command lineMove to the beginning of command line
Ctrl+E Ctrl+E Move to the end of command lineMove to the end of command line Ctrl+FCtrl+F Move backward by a characterMove backward by a character Ctrl+BCtrl+B Move forward by a wordMove forward by a word Ctrl+P Ctrl+P Re-use the previous commandRe-use the previous command
Ctrl+NCtrl+N Re-use the next commandRe-use the next command
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Using the Loopback Interface
• Purpose The loopback interface is virtual, and VRP can use it to simulate
the actual interface because a virtual interface is not closed due to various factors like a physical interface.
• Configuration Commands A loopback interface has the same configuration commands as
other interfaces. Since it is not connected to any other physical interface, it uses a 32-bit mask to save addresses.
interface loopback 0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
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Unnumbered Interface Address
• Purpose ip unnumbered can be used to save the space of network
addresses or subnet addresses, but the port status (up or not) cannot be known with the ping command.
• Configuration Commands VRP has the same configuration commands has IOS.
Described below is how to configure VRP. Interface serial 1/0 Ip unnumbered ethernet 0/1
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DNS
• Purpose Domain Name Server (DNS) makes destination
names correspond to IP addresses, so that users only need to know the destination name.
• Configuration Commands VRP Configure the domain name correspondence: ip host host-name ip-add Cancel the domain name correspondence: undo ip host host-name ip-address IOS Configure: The same as VRP Cancel: no ip host host-name ip-address
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DNS
• IOS no ip domain-lookup
To avoid the case where a router regards the wrongly entered command as a host name, and thus sends a request to domain-server for the corresponding IP address or sends a broadcast (255.255.255.255) if there is no domain-server.
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CDP
• Purpose Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a private protocol
of Cisco. Cisco equipment complies with CDP when collecting the information of other adjacent Cisco equipment. This command is used in the interface mode.
• Configuration Commands Since CDP is a private protocol of Cisco, VRP does
not have the relevant commands.
IOS interface serial interface serial 00
cdp enablecdp enable
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Boot Configuration
• Purpose Change the place where the router’s system software
is obtained.
• Configuration Commands IOS boot systemboot system flashflash
boot system tftpboot system tftp: //: //1.2.3.4/c2600-121-5.T41.2.3.4/c2600-121-5.T4
boot system romboot system rom
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Cisco Register Configuration
• Purpose Register configuration is used to change the route
start process.
• Configuration Commands First introduced are functions of major registers. 0x2102 Industrial default value 0x2142 Start from flash without using the
configuration file in NVRAM (used for password recovery)
Configuration config-register 0x2102 config-register 0x2142
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Topics
• Basic Commands
• Routing
• Switching
• Network Management
• Security Management
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RIP
• Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a relatively simple Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). It is predominantly used in small-scale networks.
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VRP RIP (1)
• Start RIP and enter the RIP view riprip
• Stop the RIP undo ripundo rip
• Apply RIP to a specified network interface networknetwork network-addressnetwork-address
• Cancel the RIP applied on a specified network interface
undo networkundo network network-addressnetwork-address
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VRP RIP (2)
• Specify RIP-1 for an interface
rip rip versionversion 1 1
• Specify RIP-2 for an interface
rip version 2 [ broadcast | multicast ]rip version 2 [ broadcast | multicast ]
• Restore the RIP version on an interface to the default value
undo rip version { 1 | 2 }undo rip version { 1 | 2 }
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IOS RIP (1)
• Start RIP and enter the RIP view routerouter rip rip
• Stop the RIP no router ripno router rip
• Apply RIP to a specified network interface network network-addressnetwork network-address
• Cancel the RIP applied on a specified network interface
undo network network-addressundo network network-address
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IOS RIP (2)
• IOS RIP version information may be configured in the RIP process.
Configure RIP in such a way as to only receive and send the information of version 1 and version 2 Router(config-router)# version {1 | 2}Router(config-router)# version {1 | 2}
• RIP version information may be controlled more accurately under an interface
Router(config-if)# ip rip receive version 2Router(config-if)# ip rip receive version 2 Router(config-if)# ip rip send version 1Router(config-if)# ip rip send version 1
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Basic RIP Configuration Example
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Router1
Router4
Router2
Router3
1.1.1.1/24
2.1.1.1/24
2.1.1.2/243.1.1.1/24
3.1.1.2/24
3.1.1.2/24
3.1.1.1/24
VRP configuration commands: (router1)ripnet 1.0.0.0 net 2.0.0.0Other routers may be configured similarly. IOS configuration commands: (router1)router ripnet 1.0.0.0 net 2.0.0.0Other routers may be configured similarly.
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OSPF
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is an IETF-developed interior gateway protocol based on link state. Version 2 (RFC2328) is used now.
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VRP OSPF (1)
• Start OSPF and enter the OSPF view
ospf [ process-id [ [ router-id router-id ] vpn-ospf [ process-id [ [ router-id router-id ] vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] ]instance vpn-instance-name ] ]
• Close an OSPF process
undo ospf [ process-idundo ospf [ process-id ]]
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VRP OSPF (2)
• Enter the OSPF area view areaarea area-idarea-id
• Delete the specified OSPF area undo areaundo area area-idarea-id
• Cause OSPF to run at the specified network segment
network ip-address wildcard-masknetwork ip-address wildcard-mask
• Cancel OSPF running at a network segment undo network ip-address wildcard-maskundo network ip-address wildcard-mask
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IOS OSPF (1)
• Start an OSPF process
Router(config)# router ospf process-idRouter(config)# router ospf process-id
• Delete the specified OSPF area
no router ospf process-idno router ospf process-id
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IOS OSPF (2)
• Enable OSPF at the specified network segment, and put the interfaces of this network segment in the specified area
Router(config-router)# network ip-address Router(config-router)# network ip-address wildcard-mask area area-idwildcard-mask area area-id
• Cancel OSPF of a network segment
Router(config-router)#no network ip-address Router(config-router)#no network ip-address wildcard-mask area area-idwildcard-mask area area-id
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Basic OSPF Configuration Example
1.1.1.2/24
Router1
Router4
Router2
Router3
1.1.1.1/24
2.1.1.1/24
2.1.1.2/243.1.1.1/24
3.1.1.2/24
3.1.1.2/24
3.1.1.1/24
Area 0
Area 1
VRP configuration commands: (router1)ospf 1area 0network 1.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 1network 2.1.1.1 0.0.0.0Other routers may be configured similarly.
IOS configuration commands: (router1)router ospf 1network 1.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0network 2.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 1Other routers may be configured similarly.
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ISIS
• Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) is a protocol for intra-domain routing information exchange. Initially, IS-IS is a dynamic routing protocol that ISO defines for its CLNP design. To support IP-based routing, IETF has expanded and modified IS-IS for it to be applied in both TCP/IP and OSI environment. Such an IS-IS is known as an integrated IS-IS.
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VRP ISIS (1)
• Enable the IS-IS routing process and enter the IS-IS view
isis [ tag ]isis [ tag ]
• Delete the IS-IS routing process undo isis [ tag ]undo isis [ tag ]
• Set the network entity title
network-entity netnetwork-entity net
• Delete the network entity title
undo network-entity netundo network-entity net
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VRP ISIS (2)
• Enable IS-IS on a specified interface isis enable [ tag ]isis enable [ tag ]
• Disable a running IS-IS process on an interface
undo isis enable [ tag ]undo isis enable [ tag ]
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IOS ISIS (1)
• Enable the IS-IS routing process Router(config)# router isis [area tag]Router(config)# router isis [area tag]
• Delete the IS-IS routing process no routerno router isis [ isis [areaarea tag ] tag ]
• Set a network entity title
net network-entity-titlenet network-entity-title
• Delete a network entity title
nono net netnet network-entity-titlework-entity-title
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IOS ISIS (2)
• Enable IS-IS on a specified interface Router(config-if)# ip router isis [area tag]Router(config-if)# ip router isis [area tag]
• Disable a running IS-IS process on an interface
no ip router isis no ip router isis [ [areaarea tag ] tag ]
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Basic ISIS Configuration 1
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Router1
Router2
Router3
1.1.1.1/243.1.1.2/24
3.1.1.1/24
Area 49.0001
RT1: 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00
RT2: 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00
RT3: 49.0001.0000.0000.0003.00
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Basic ISIS Configuration 2
VRP configuration commands: (router1)
isis
network entity 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00
int serial X
isis enable
Other routers may be configured similarly.
IOS configuration commands: (router1)
router isis
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00
int serial X
ip router isis
Other routers may be configured similarly.
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BGP
• Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a protocol for dynamic route discovery between Autonomous Systems (ASs). BGP-4 is currently used (see RFC1771). BGP-4 is applicable to the distributed structure and supports Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). BGP is frequently used between ISPs.
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VRP BGP (1)
• Start the BGP and enter the BGP view bgp bgp as-as-numbernumber
• Configure the transmission network of the local BGP (optional)
network ip-address [ address-mask ] [ route-network ip-address [ address-mask ] [ route- policpolicy route-policy-name ]y route-policy-name ]
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VRP BGP (2)
• Create a peer group group group-name [ internal | external ]group group-name [ internal | external ]
• Specify an AS number for a peer group
peer group-name as-number as-numberpeer group-name as-number as-number
• Create a peer in a peer group
peer peer-address group group-name [ as-number peer peer-address group group-name [ as-number as-number ]as-number ]
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IOS BGP (1)
• Start the BGP and enter the BGP view Router(config)# router bgp as-numberRouter(config)# router bgp as-number
• Configure the transmission network of the local BGP (optional)
Router(config-router)# network network-number Router(config-router)# network network-number [mask network-mask] [route-map route-map-[mask network-mask] [route-map route-map-name]name]
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IOS BGP (2)
• Specify the address of a peer or peer group Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address | Router(config-router)# neighbor {ip-address |
peer-group-name} remote-as as-numberpeer-group-name} remote-as as-number
• Note: IOS does not forcibly requires configuring a peer group. A peer group may be directly configured when there are a few neighbors.
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Basic BGP Configuration Example
1.1.1.2/24
Router1
Router2
Router3
1.1.1.1/243.1.1.2/24
3.1.1.1/24
AS100
AS200
AS300
VRP configuration commands: (router1)bgp 100group 1 externalpeer 1.1.1.1 group 1 as-number 200Other routers may be configured similarly.
IOS configuration commands: (router1)bgp 100neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 200Other routers may be configure similarly.
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Integrated RIP and BGP Configuration Example 1
1.1.1.2/24
Router1
Router2
Router3
1.1.1.1/243.1.1.2/24
3.1.1.1/24
AS100
AS200
AS300
Router4
4.1.1.2/24
4.1.1.1/24
Loopback0: 10.1.1.1/8
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IOS BGP (2)
VRP configuration commands: (router4)ripnetwork 100.0.0.0network 4.0.0.0
bgp 100group 1 internalpeer 4.1.1.2 group 1 network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0Other routers may be configure similarly.
IOS configuration commands: (router4)router ripnetwork 100.0.0.0network 4.0.0.0
router bgp 100neighbor 4.1.1.2 remote-as 100 network 10.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0Other routers may be configure similarly.
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Routing Policy
• Introduction When advertising and receiving the routing
information, a router may carry out some policies to filter the routing information, for example, only receive or advertise the routing information that meets the
given conditions.
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Routing Policy
• Network Requirement When the OSPF on a router redistributes the routing information of RIP, it filters
routes by quoting a routing policy. The routing policy comprises two nodes, for example, 192.1.0.0/24 and 128.2.0.0/16, whose routing information is advertised by OSPF under different routing costs.
• Topology
192.1.0.0/24128.2.0.0/16
Regional network
128.1.0.0/16
128.1.0.1/16
Campus network
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Example of Routing Policy
• VRP Configuration • Define an address prefix list [Router]ip ip-prefix p1 permit 192.1.1.0/24 [Router]ip ip-prefix p1 permit 128.2.0.0/16• Configure a routing policy [Router]route-policy r1 permit 10 [Router-route-policy]if-match ip address ip-prefix p1 [Router-route-policy]apply cost 20 [Router-route-policy]route-policy r1 permit 20 [Router-route-policy]if-match ip address ip-prefix p2 [Router-route-policy]apply cost 30
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Example of Routing Policy
• VRP Configuration • Configure the OSPF
[Router]ospf 1
[Router-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy r1
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Example of Routing Policy
• IOS Configuration
ip prefix-list p1 permit 192.1.1.0/24
ip prefix-list p2 permit 128.2.0.0/16 route-map r1 permit 10
match ip prefix-list p1
set cost 20
route-map r1 permit 20
match ip prefix-list p2
set cost 30
router ospf 1
redistribute rip route-map r1
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Topics
• Basic Commands
• Routing
• Switching
• Network Management
• Security Management
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Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
• VLAN technology serves to divide an LAN into multiple logical “LANs” – VLANs. Each VLAN is a broadcast domain. Hosts in a VLAN can communicate with one another in the same way as in an LAN. A VLAN cannot directly communicate with another one, thus broadcast packets are restricted in one VLAN.
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VRP Command Line (1)
• Create a VLAN vlan 100 (1-4094)• Delete a VLAN undo vlan 100 (1-4094)• Add a port in VLAN port Ethernet 2/0/1• Delete a port from a VLAN undo port Ethernet 2/0/1
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VRP Command Line (2)
• Add a port to a VLAN
port access vlan 100 (1-4094)• Delete a port from a VLAN
undo port access vlan 100 (1-4094)• Display the information of a VLAN
display vlan VLAN ID (1-4094)
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IOS Command Line
• Create a VLAN vlan 100 (1-4094)• Delete a VLAN no vlan 100 (1-4094)• Add a port to a VLAN switchport access vlan 100• Delete a port from a VLAN no switchport access vlan • Show a VLAN show vlan
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• Trunk permits transmission of the VLAN information when there is only one link.
Trunk
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• Define the Trunk attribute of a
port link-type trunk• Delete the Trunk attribute of a port
undo port link-type• Define the VLAN that a port can transmit
port trunk permit vlan VLAN ID • Delete a port from VLAN
undo port trunk permit vlan VLAN ID
VRP Command Line (1)
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IOS Command Line
• Define the Trunk attribute of an interface switchpor trunk encapsulation isl switchport mode trunk• Delete the Trunk attribute of an interface no switchport mode• Define the VLANs allowed by the Trunk switchport trunk allowed vlan VLAN IDs• Cancel the VLANs allowed by the Trunk no switchport trunk allowed vlan
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Link Aggregation
• Link aggregation is a method of combining several physical links into a logical link. Link aggregation can be static or dynamic.
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VRP Command Line(1)
• Set static port aggregation link-aggregation Ethernet 0/1 to Ethernet 0/4
both• Delete static port aggregation undo link-aggregation all• Perform dynamic aggregation under a port lacp enable• Cancel dynamic aggregation under a port undo lacp enable
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IOS Command Line
• Set static port aggregation channel-group 1 <1-64> mode on• Delete static port aggregation no channel-group• Perform dynamic aggregation under a port channel-protocol lacp channel-group 1 <1-64> mode active (passive)• Cancel dynamic aggregation under a port no channel-protocol no channel-group
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Spanning Tree Protocol (STP )
• STP can be applied in the loop network. With a certain algorithm, it blocks some redundant routes and trims the loop network into a loop-free tree network, thus avoiding proliferation and infinite circulation of packets in the loop network.
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VRP Command Line (1)
• Define the STP mode stp mode stp• Cancel the STP mode
undo stp mode• Define the MSTP mode
stp mode mstp
• Cancel the MSTP mode
undo stp mode
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IOS Command Line
• Define the STP mode spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst• Cancel the STP mode no spanning-tree mode• Define the MSTP mode spanning-tree mode mst• Cancel the MSTP mode no spanning-tree mode
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Topics
• Basic Commands
• Routing
• Switching
• Network Management
• Security Management
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Introduction to SNMP
• Introduction Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), a broadly
applied industrial standard, is the computer network management protocol that used the most extensively at present.
• Structure SNMP is structurally divided into Network Management Station
(NMS) and AGENT. NMS is the client workstation and AGENT is the server software that runs on the network equipment.
• SNMP Version SNMP has three versions now: SNMP v3/v2c/v1. SNMP v3 is
compatible with v1 and v2c.
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SNMP Configuration
• SNMP configurations include: Start and close the SNMP AGENT service
Set the community name
Configure an SNMP group
Set the information about how to contact the administrator
Allow/prohibit transmission of the Trap packet
Set the address of the destination host of the Trap
Specify the source address of the packet
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SNMP Instance Configuration
Snmp agent
129.102.149.23
Router
129.102.149.1
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VRP Configuration
• System-view Enter the view• Snmp-agent community read public Only read the
community attribute name “public”• Snmp-agent communty write private Only write the
community attribute name “private” • Snmp-agent sys-inf contact Mr.wang-tel 3306 Set the
information about how to contact the administrator• Snmp-agent sys-info location telephone 3rd floor Physical
location of the router• Snmp-agent trap enable Enable the trap packet• Snmp-agent target-host trap address udp-domain
129.102.149.23 udp-port 5000 params securityname public Allow sending trap packets to the NM workstation 129.102.149.23 with the community name “public”.
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IOS Configuration
• Config termimal• Snmp-server community public ro• Snmp-server community private rw• Snmp-server contact Mr.wang-tel 3306• Snmp-server location telephone 3rd floor • Snmp-server enable traps• Snmp-server target-host trap address udp-domain
129.102.149.23 udp-port 5000 params securityname public
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Topics
• Basic Commands
• Routing
• Switching
• Network Management
• Security Management
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Security Policy
• A policy is the factors to be considered in decision-making. The policy for network security is based on:
Controllability VS Adaptability
Stability VS Latent threat
Initial input VS Subsequent input
• In making a decision, find a balance point between the above pairs.
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Authentication and Authorization
• Key points• Determine the level of authority• Determine the authorization policy Generic or per user
AAA via TACACS+ or RADIUS
Local authentication
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Authentication Configuration
• Local AAA Authentication • VRP Configuration aaa enable Enable aaa authentication
aaa authentication-scheme login local Enable local aaa authentication
local-user huawei password simple linbin Set the local username and password
user-interface vty 0 4 Enter the vty view
authentication-mode local The user that accesses the equipment via telnet uses local authentication
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Authentication Configuration
• Local AAA Authentication• IOS Configuration aaa new-model
aaa authentication login local
username huawei password linbin
line vty 0 4
login authentication local
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Restricted Authorization
Authorize different users on the equipment• Configuration level• View level• Support level
Use privilege level (level 1 ~ level 3)
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Authorization Configuration
• VRP Configuration local-user huawei password simple linbin Create
a user local-user huawei level 3 Set the authorization level
• Application Command command-privilege level 3 view serial display
interface
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Authorization Configuration
• IOS Configuration username huawei privilege 5 password huawei
peivilege config level 5 interface Define a configuration object
privilege interface level 5 shutdown Define a configuration command
privilege exec level 5 show ip route Define an executable command
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Security of Command Line
• Command Line Protection of VRP
super password level {1/2/3} {simple/cipher} linbin
• Command Line Protection of IOS
enable password linbin
enable secret linbin
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Time Protection of Vty and console
• Purpose Ensure that the equipment that is logged on to via vty
and console is not used by any other unauthorized person after the user leaves.
• VRP Configuration Idle-timeout minite second
• IOS Configuration exec-timeout minite second
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ACL
• Overview To filter data packets,a router shall be configured with
rules to decide which data packets will be let through.These rules are defined in an Access Control List (ACL).
• Classification Basic acl Advanced acl Interface-based acl MAC-based acl
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Configuring the Standard ACL
• VRP configuration• Create a basic ACL in the system view
acl {number number/name name basic} [match- order {config/auto}]
• Create the ACL rules in the basic ACL view
rule [rule-id] {permit/deny} [source sour-add sour-wildcast/any] [time-range time-name] [logging] [fragment] [vpn-instance vpn-instance-name]
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Configuring the Standard ACL
• VRP instance acl number 2000 match-order config
rule 1 permit source 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
• IOS instance access-list 2 permit 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
Thank you!
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