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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Chapter 13Chapter 13
RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION AND THE NEW SOUTHAND THE NEW SOUTH
Section 1:Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction Presidential Reconstruction
Section 2:Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction
Section 3:Section 3: Reconstruction in the South Reconstruction in the South
Section 4:Section 4: The New South The New South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives:What hopes and expectations did African Americans What hopes and expectations did African Americans
in the South have for their lives as freedpeople?in the South have for their lives as freedpeople?How did President Lincoln and Congress differ over How did President Lincoln and Congress differ over
plans for Reconstruction?plans for Reconstruction?How did President Johnson’s programs benefit How did President Johnson’s programs benefit
former Confederates?former Confederates?How did the Black Codes affect freedpeople?How did the Black Codes affect freedpeople?
Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
African AmericansAfrican Americanswished to establish churches and schoolswished to establish churches and schoolshoped to legalize marriageshoped to legalize marriageshoped to find family members who had been sold hoped to find family members who had been sold
awayawaydesired ownership of landdesired ownership of landexpected basic human rightsexpected basic human rights
Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
LincolnLincolnwanted to abolish slaverywanted to abolish slaverywanted to give amnesty to most southernerswanted to give amnesty to most southernerswished to allow rebel states to rejoin the Union wished to allow rebel states to rejoin the Union
when ten percent of residents who had voted in when ten percent of residents who had voted in 1860 pledged loyalty to the Union1860 pledged loyalty to the Union
Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
CongressCongresswanted to abolish slaverywanted to abolish slaverywanted to delay Reconstruction until a majority of wanted to delay Reconstruction until a majority of
each state’s white males took a loyalty oatheach state’s white males took a loyalty oath
Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
President Johnson’s programsPresident Johnson’s programsgave blanket pardons for most rebelsgave blanket pardons for most rebelsgave easy terms for readmission into the Union: gave easy terms for readmission into the Union:
states had to nullify their acts of secession, abolish states had to nullify their acts of secession, abolish slavery, and refuse to pay war debtsslavery, and refuse to pay war debts
Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
The Black CodesThe Black Codestried to deprive freedpeople of equalitytried to deprive freedpeople of equalityre-established white control over African re-established white control over African
American laborAmerican labor
Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 1: Presidential Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives: What issues divided Republicans during the early What issues divided Republicans during the early
Reconstruction era?Reconstruction era? Why did moderates and Radical Republicans join forces, Why did moderates and Radical Republicans join forces,
and what actions did they take on behalf of African and what actions did they take on behalf of African Americans?Americans?
Why was President Johnson impeached, and why did the Why was President Johnson impeached, and why did the Senate not remove him from office?Senate not remove him from office?
Why were African Americans crucial to the election of Why were African Americans crucial to the election of 1868, and how did Republicans respond to their support?1868, and how did Republicans respond to their support?
Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Radical RepublicansRadical Republicanswanted to create an entirely new South wanted to create an entirely new South wanted to give African Americans the right to wanted to give African Americans the right to
votevote
Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Moderate RepublicansModerate Republicanswanted to restore southern states to the Unionwanted to restore southern states to the Unionwanted to keep former Confederates out of wanted to keep former Confederates out of
governmentgovernmentwanted to give African Americans some civil wanted to give African Americans some civil
equalityequality
Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Radical and moderate RepublicansRadical and moderate Republicansjoined forces to protect African Americans from joined forces to protect African Americans from
violenceviolencepassed Civil Rights Act of 1866, over presidential passed Civil Rights Act of 1866, over presidential
vetovetoextended the Freedmen’s Bureau, over extended the Freedmen’s Bureau, over
presidential vetopresidential vetopassed the Fourteenth Amendmentpassed the Fourteenth Amendment
Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Johnson’s impeachmentJohnson’s impeachmentgeneral dislike of Johnson’s lenient general dislike of Johnson’s lenient
Reconstruction policiesReconstruction policiesJohnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office ActJohnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office Actinappropriate speeches and actsinappropriate speeches and acts
Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Johnson’s acquittalJohnson’s acquittalweak caseweak caseoverly critical attacksoverly critical attacksfear that impeachment would weaken future fear that impeachment would weaken future
presidents and the system of checks and balancespresidents and the system of checks and balances
Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Election of 1868Election of 1868African American votes were crucial to getting African American votes were crucial to getting
Ulysses S. Grant elected president.Ulysses S. Grant elected president.Republicans passed the Fifteenth Amendment, Republicans passed the Fifteenth Amendment,
extending the vote to African American men.extending the vote to African American men.
Section 2: Congressional ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives:How did African Americans attempt to improve How did African Americans attempt to improve
their lives during the Reconstruction era?their lives during the Reconstruction era?What reforms did Republican governments enact?What reforms did Republican governments enact?How did some African Americans respond to How did some African Americans respond to
harassment by the Ku Klux Klan?harassment by the Ku Klux Klan?What caused Reconstruction to end?What caused Reconstruction to end?
Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
African Americans improving their livesAfrican Americans improving their livesregistered to voteregistered to votejoined and formed political organizationsjoined and formed political organizationslobbied for political equalitylobbied for political equalitybuilt churches and schoolsbuilt churches and schoolsserved as delegates to state constitutional served as delegates to state constitutional
conventionsconventions
Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Republican government reformsRepublican government reformscreation of new state constitutionscreation of new state constitutionsabolition of property qualifications for jurors and abolition of property qualifications for jurors and
candidatescandidatescreation of new servicescreation of new servicesestablishment of new roads and bridgesestablishment of new roads and bridges
Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Responses to Ku Klux KlanResponses to Ku Klux Klanretaliation by burning barnsretaliation by burning barnslobbying for congressional protectionlobbying for congressional protection
Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstructioneconomic problems such as the Panic of 1873economic problems such as the Panic of 1873immigrant tendency to use universal suffrage to immigrant tendency to use universal suffrage to
support Democratssupport Democratsdissolution of alliance between northern business dissolution of alliance between northern business
people and freed slavespeople and freed slavesincreasing white violence in the Southincreasing white violence in the SouthCompromise of 1877Compromise of 1877
Section 3: Reconstruction in the SouthSection 3: Reconstruction in the South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Objectives:Objectives: What were the drawbacks to the sharecropping system?What were the drawbacks to the sharecropping system? How did Jim Crow laws and the How did Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson
decision change life for southern African Americans?decision change life for southern African Americans? How did African Americans attempt to improve their How did African Americans attempt to improve their
economic situation after Reconstruction?economic situation after Reconstruction? How did Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells think How did Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells think
African Americans should respond to Jim Crow laws?African Americans should respond to Jim Crow laws?
Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
The sharecropping systemThe sharecropping systemSharecroppers had no income until harvest time.Sharecroppers had no income until harvest time.System required farmers to rely on one crop only.System required farmers to rely on one crop only.System left farmers and the region dependent on System left farmers and the region dependent on
outsiders for their food supply.outsiders for their food supply.
Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Jim Crow and Jim Crow and Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. FergusonThe Jim Crow laws segregated African Americans, The Jim Crow laws segregated African Americans, and in and in Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled , the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal.that segregation was legal.
Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
African American attempts to improve African American attempts to improve their livestheir livesformed societies and cooperativesformed societies and cooperativessupported churches and schoolssupported churches and schoolssupported businessmensupported businessmen
Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washingtonwanted African Americans to achieve economic wanted African Americans to achieve economic
independenceindependencediscouraged African Americans from protesting discouraged African Americans from protesting
discriminationdiscrimination
Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON25
The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT
Ida B. WellsIda B. Wellsurged African Americans to protest discriminationurged African Americans to protest discriminationwanted African Americans to leave the Southwanted African Americans to leave the South
Section 4: The New SouthSection 4: The New South