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Chapter 9 Section 1

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Explain why and how organisms are classified

List the 8 levels of classification

Explain scientific names

Describe how dichotomous keys help inclassifying organisms

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Organization into categories

Orderly groups based on similar characteristics

http://texaseducator.com/family/jbouyer/lessons/Science/askew/mycourses/diverse.gif 

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Usefulness categories (ex: plants that grow inBolivia)

Living and extinct organisms

Group organisms by the characteristics they

share

Helps to answer important questions…

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How many known species are there? (~10million)

What are the defining characteristics of eachspecies?

What are the relationships between thesespecies?

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Before the 1600’s: 2 groups – plants & animals

1700’s Carolus Linnaeus founded moderntaxonomy

Taxonomy: the science of describing,

classifying, and naming living things

Linnaeus classified according to shape &structure

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Several characteristics are listed along a linethat points to the right

Each characteristic is shared by the animals to

the right of it

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/Biologicaldiverstity/Classification/cladogram_1.gif 

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Domain (3 main domains)

Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea

Kingdom

Phylum Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Closely related and can make and produce fertileoffspring

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Kingdom – Animalia

Phylum – Chordata

Class – Mammalia

Order – Carnivora

Family – Felidae

Genus – Felis

Species – Felis domesticus

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2 part names: Tyrannosaurus rex

1st name is genus: Tyrannosaurus

Capitalize

Italicize

2nd name is species: rex

Not capitalized

*Names are Latin or Greek

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Special guide to help scientists identifyorganisms

Sequential pairs of descriptive statements

Only alternative responses for each statement

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http://lucidcentral.cbit.uq.edu.au/keys/images/dichotomous.gif 

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We are still discovering and classifying neworganisms

Check out some statistics:http://www.wri.org/publication/content/8202

Ex: 1995 Symbion pandora found living on lobster lips!Did not fit into an existing phylum. Therefore, createda new phylum: S. pandora

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Why do scientists classify animals?

What is the basis of modern classification

systems?