History Maps 8 H i s tory Following Quilts Key Words to

Warm UpDo you know what a quilt is? What do you see on the quilts in the pictures?

A quilt is made by putting small pieces of cloth together.

B Read and choose the correct words.

1. A (cabin / slave) is a wooden house.

2. She ran to (escape / worry) from the fire.

3. A girl is (laughing / hanging) a shirt.

4. In the past, many (slaves / locations) had to work on farms.

5. He needed more (ceiling / information) to find the answer.

6. Amy has to (pack / describe) her suitcase for her vacation.

A Look at the pictures and read the words.

Key WordsFollowing Quilts to Freedom8

History

Maps

MapsHistory

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

slave hang pack

information escape cabin

52 Lesson 8 • Maps 53

A quilt is made by putting small pieces of cloth together. I can see hearts, a house, and a basket of food.

John and his daughter Margaret were slaves in Mississippi. One night, they were gathering firewood. John stopped and pointed to a quilt hanging on the fence.

“We need to pack our things and leave tonight,” he said. “How do you know, Dad?” asked Margaret. “Do you see the boxes on the quilt?” John said. “They mean it’s time to go.” Margaret was confused. Her father explained that it wasn’t an ordinary quilt: This freedom quilt had important information on it. They could use it to escape!

They packed and left. They used the North Star quilts to find their way north. They saw a quilt with bear paws on it near a stream. They could find food and water there.

They became tired. “Where will we stay along the way?” Margaret asked. “Do you see the log cabin quilts?” John said. “Those are safe places where we can sleep. The people there will help us.”

The freedom quilts guided them along their journey. In a few months, they made it to Canada. They could live there in freedom.

Words 178

How did freedom quilts help slaves become free?

What other kinds of pictures do you think were on freedom quilts?

Connect to Yourself

MapsHistory

the North Star quilt

the boxes quilt

the bear paws quilt

the log cabin quilt

Before 1865, there were many slaves in the southern parts of the United States. They had no freedom.

Following Quilts to Freedom 08


The quilts had pictures that showed the slaves when to leave, how to find their way north, where to find food and water, and where to sleep.

Maybe there were pictures of clothing to show where slaves could change their clothes or get warmer clothes for winter.

Write the correct information in each box.

Complete the summary with the words from the box.

Step 1

Step 2

Reading Comprehension Graphic Organizer & Summary

B Write the answers.

6. How did the bear paw quilts help John and his daughter?

They could find and there.

7. Following the freedom quilts, where could they finally get to?

They could finally get to .

A Choose the best answers.

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

a. John and Margaret made many freedom quilts. b. Freedom quilts guided John and Margaret to freedom.c. John and Margaret learned a lesson from the freedom quilts.

2. John and Margaret were , and they lived in .

a. rich, Mississippi b. slaves, Canada c. slaves, Mississippi

3. The freedom quilts had important pieces of .

a. firewood b. information c. stars

4. When John and Margaret saw boxes on the quilt, they .

a. packed and left b. stayed at home c. found food

5. Which are NOT quilts that John and Margaret saw?

a. the North Star quiltsb. the log cabin quilts c. the stream quilts

slaves packed escape

north arrived safe

John and Margaret used freedom quilts to . The quilts had

important information for . When they saw the boxes quilt, they

and left. The North Star quilts led them . The bear

paws quilts helped them find food and water. They found places

to stay using the log cabin quilts. Finally, they in Canada.

It shows the way north.

It shows where food and water is.

It means there are safe places to stay.

It means it is time to pack and leave.

The Boxes Quilt The North Star Quilt

The Log Cabin Quilt The Bear Paws Quilt


waterfood

Canada

escape

slaves

packed

safe

north

arrived

It means it is time to pack and leave.

It shows the way north.

It means there are safe places to stay.

It shows where food and water is.

History

Art

Food

Do you know what healthy foods can do for us?

A Balanced Diet for a Healthy Body

How did some fruits get their names?

The Origins of Fruit Names

Is your school lunch healthy?

Jamie Oliver’s School Food Revolution

What did iuseppe Arcimboldo paint?

Painting Faces Made of Food

FoodCHAPTER 3

Why is food so important to us?

BIG IDEA

Social Studies

Scie

nce &

Health

9

12

10

11

Healthy foods help us stay healthy and strong.

Yes, my school lunch includes many healthy foods that give me lots of energy.

He painted interesting portraits of people using food and other objects.

Some fruits got their names from the areas where they were first found.

Food is very important to us because we need it to live.

oatmeal bread

pasta

rice

chicken

eggs

meat

milk

yogurt

grapes

mushrooms

bell pepperslettuce

cheese


FoodScience & Health

9Food

Science& Health

GrainsFruit and Vegetables

Milk and Dairy Products

Meat, Fish, Eggs, and Beans

Circle the foods that you ate yesterday. Did you eat a balanced diet?

Warm Up

Look at the pictures and read the words.

grain oatmeal bean

dairy balanced diet

Key Words

A balanced diet means eating at least one food from each

food group.

60 Lesson 9 • Food 61

Yes, yesterday I ate bread, chicken, fruit and vegetables, and some milk.

What if you ate only one kind of food at every meal? The truth is that you shouldn’t eat one kind of food all the time. The nutrients in different foods play different roles in your body.

Grains give your body energy. Oatmeal and brown rice are very helpful grains. They

can give you energy throughout the day.

Milk, cheese, and other dairy products have calcium in them. Calcium keeps your bones strong. Drinking milk or a yogurt smoothie is a healthy and tasty way to start the day!

Don’t forget your fruit and vegetables. They contain many vitamins and minerals. You need these for your body to work well. Most of them are also low in calories and fat.

Each food has an important purpose in your body. Eating a balanced diet will help you stay healthy and strong!

Words 167Do you eat a balanced diet every day? If not, what kinds of food should you eat more or less often?

Connect to Yourself

What are the different roles of each food group?

Meat and beans are good for your growth. This is because beef, poultry, fish, and beans contain protein. Protein makes your muscles, skin, hair, and nails healthy.

FoodScience & Health

A Balanced Diet for a Healthy Body 09


Grains give our body energy. Meat and beans are good for our growth. Dairy products keep our bones strong. Fruit and vegetables contain many vitamins and minerals that help our body work well.

No, I don’t usually eat a balanced diet every day. I think I need to eat cookies and chocolate bars less often.

Write the correct information in each box.

All foods have a different in our bodies. Grains like

and brown rice give us energy. We get from milk, cheese, and

other dairy products. Meat and give us protein. Protein makes

our , skin, hair, and nails healthy. We also need to eat fruit and

vegetables because they contain many and minerals.




a. It is better to eat only one kind of food. b. Each food has a different role in our body.c. Eating a balanced diet is not easy.

2. Oatmeal and brown rice are .

a. meat b. beans c. grains

3. Beef, fish, and beans are good for our growth because they contain .

a. fat b. protein c. muscle

4. Which is NOT a dairy product?

a. beef b. cheese c. milk

5. Calcium makes your bones weak. True False

6. If you don’t get enough protein, your muscles will be unhealthy. True False


7. What kinds of food contain a lot of vitamins?

and contain a lot of vitamins.

8. Why should we try to eat a balanced diet?

It will keep us and strong.

Step 1

Step 2


oatmeal beans muscles

calcium purpose vitamins

They contain a lot of vitamins.

They give us a lot of energy all day long.

They contain calcium, which makes bones strong.

They contain protein, which is important for our body’s growth.

Grains

Meat and Beans

Dairy Products

Fruit and Vegetables


Fruit vegetables

healthy

purpose

calcium

beans

muscles

vitamins

They give us a lot of energy all day long.

They contain protein, which is important for our body’s growth.

They contain calcium, which makes bones strong.

They contain a lot of vitamins.

oatmeal

Warm UpDo you know who Jamie Oliver is?


1. Chicken (beans / nuggets) are a fried food.

2. Mom made (disgusted / grilled) beef.

3. I had a delicious (meal / muscle) with my family.

4. Don’t (throw away / float) things you can recycle.

5. Hamburgers are (beans / junk food). They are unhealthy.

6. They were (disgusted / healthy) when they found the bug inside the sandwich.


Key Words

FoodSocial Studies

10Social Studies

Food


Jamie Oliver (1975 ~ ) Jamie Oliver is a famous chef in the U.K. His

TV cooking shows are very successful, so he has become as famous as a movie star. Now he teaches people all around the world to eat healthy food.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

junk food meal nugget

throw away disgusted grilled


Yes, Jamie Oliver is a famous British chef.

I have always loved cooking. Not long ago, I learned that the school lunches in the U.K. were terrible. The lunches were mostly junk food! I was shocked.

I visited a school and made healthy meals for them. But the students didn’t want my healthy food. They thought junk food was delicious.

I decided to make a special cooking class for them. I showed them what chicken nuggets were really made of. I cut off and threw away the good chicken parts, like the breast, wings, and legs.

After that, I showed them the rest of the parts, including the bones, skin, and blood! They all looked disgusted. With those parts, I made chicken nuggets! Everyone was shocked by my lesson. They chose grilled chicken for their next lunch instead.

Now, my food revolution is spreading around the world. Wherever you are, I hope you always make the healthiest food choices you can!

Words 153

Why did Jamie Oliver want to show children what chicken nuggets were really made of?

Which would you choose for lunch: chicken nuggets or grilled chicken?

Connect to Yourself

FoodSocial Studies

Jamie Oliver’s School Food Revolution 10


He wanted to show children what chicken nuggets were really made of because the students wanted to eat junk food instead of healthy food.

I would choose grilled chicken because it is much healthier.

Write the numbers in the correct order.


Step 1

Step 2



6. What parts of the chicken did Oliver throw away?

He threw away the , wings and .

7. Which parts did Oliver make the chicken nuggets with?

He made the chicken nuggets with the bones, , , and other parts.



a. Jamie Oliver taught students to choose healthy food.b. Jamie Oliver showed students how to make food.c. Jamie Oliver liked cooking at schools.

2. Before Oliver’s class, the students thought junk food was .

a. disgusting b. delicious c. unhealthy

3. Oliver taught the students that eating is not healthy.

a. chicken b. lunch c. junk food

4. The students were shocked when they saw how were made.

a. school lunches b. healthy meals c. chicken nuggets

5. What did the students choose for lunch after Oliver’s cooking class?

a. chicken nuggets b. grilled chicken c. chicken wings

nuggets bones meals

shocked healthy lunch

Jamie Oliver started his food revolution because many students ate junk food

for in the U.K. He showed the students how chicken

are really made. First, he threw away the parts of the chicken,

like the breast and legs. Then he used the skin, blood, and to

make the nuggets. Everyone was and learned that they should eat

healthy .

He cut off and threw away the good chicken parts.

Jamie Oliver had a cooking class about chicken nuggets.

He made chicken nuggets with the disgusting chicken parts.

Students were shocked and chose grilled chicken for their lunch.


breast legs

skin

lunch nuggets

healthy

shocked

meals

bones

blood

4

2

1

3

Warm UpWhat kinds of food do you see in this face? Match each kind of food with the correct body part.


1. A (painter / portrait) is usually a picture of a person.

2. The (gardener / painter) is taking care of the plants.

3. The man wants to (worry / create) a beautiful vase.

4. A (painter / gardener) is a person who paints pictures.

5. The boy can travel to space in his (imagination / nugget).

6. In the classroom, I see many (objects / grains) such as desks, chairs, and books.


Key WordsPainting Faces Made of Food

FoodArt

11Art

Food

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

painter portrait gardener

object create imagination

a. carrots hair

b. onions eyes

c. broccoli ears


Have you ever painted a picture of someone? First you draw the person’s head, and then their eyes, nose, and mouth, right? Well, the Italian painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo did this in the 1600s, too. But he painted many portraits with a special twist!

Look at this painting. From far away, the man just looks like a gardener. However, once you are closer, you can see many vegetables. The gardener’s cheeks are onions! What else can you see?

How about this painting?From far away, it looks like a normal man. But if you look closely, what do you see? His head is made of grapes, melons, tomatoes, pineapples, and more! The small objects in this painting all work together. They create a larger picture of his face!

Giuseppe Arcimboldoused his imagination to create unusual paintings. His paintings are like puzzles of fruit and vegetables. This helped him to become one of the most famous painters of his time.

Words 159

How did Giuseppe Arcimboldo use food in his portraits?

What are some different objects you could use to make a picture like Arcimboldo’s?

Connect to Yourself The Gardener

Vertumnus (Emperor Rudolph II)

FoodArt

Painting Faces Made of Food 11


He used fruit and vegetables to create the different parts of people’s faces.

I could use classroom objects like pencils, markers, erasers, and balls to make a portrait.

Write the main idea of each paragraph.


Step 1

Step 2



6. What objects are used to make the man’s head in the second painting?

Grapes, melons, , , and other things are used.

7. Why are Arcimboldo’s paintings unusual?

They are unusual because they look like of fruit and vegetables.


1. What is this passage mainly about?

a. Giuseppe Arcimboldo’s life and paintings b. Giuseppe Arcimboldo’s unique painting stylec. Giuseppe Arcimboldo’s love of fruit and vegetables

2. What did Arcimboldo use to paint portraits of people?

a. fruit and vegetables b. puzzles c. a gardener

3. In the painting, the gardener’s cheeks are .

a. tomatoes b. melons c. onions

4. Smaller objects in Arcimboldo’s paintings work together to make a .

a. larger picture b. vegetable c. puzzle

5. Arcimboldo used his when he painted.

a. picture b. fame c. imagination

objects faces portraits

painter unusual vegetables

Giuseppe Arcimboldo was a famous Italian . When he painted

, he used small objects like fruit and . Arcimboldo’s

paintings were like puzzles of different objects. The small created

larger pictures of . This made his work very interesting and

.

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3

Paragraph 4

The man’s face in the painting is made of fruit and vegetables.

Arcimboldo painted a gardener using vegetables.

Arcimboldo could create unusual paintings with his imagination.

Giuseppe Arcimboldo painted interesting portraits in the 1600s.


tomatoes pineapples

puzzles

painter

vegetablesportraits

objects

faces

unusual

Giuseppe Arcimboldo painted interesting portraits in the 1600s.

The man’s face in the painting is made of fruit and vegetables.

Arcimboldo painted a gardener using vegetables.

Arcimboldo could create unusual paintings with his imagination.

Warm UpDoes your name have a special meaning? If so, what is it?


1. (Kiwifruits / Explorers) are green inside.

2. The plant has (fuzzy / grilled) leaves.

3. Two girls are trying to (worry / discover) new plants.

4. The walnut’s (shell / grocery store) is too hard to crush with my hands.

5. The (explorer / shell) wore a special hat in the cave.

6. You can buy many different vegetables at the (portrait / grocery store).


Key WordsThe Origins of Fruit Names

FoodHistory

12History

Food

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

discover kiwifruit fuzzy

explorer shell grocery store

My name is Ted. It means “a powerful man.”

My name is Sophia. It means “wisdom.”


Yes, my name has a special meaning. It means “lovable.”

You know how most fruits taste, smell, and look. You can also easily name each one. But did you know that some fruits have interesting stories about their names?

“Banana” comes from the Arabic word banan. Banan means “finger.” When Arabians discovered this fruit, they thought it looked like a yellow finger.

Many people think kiwifruits are from New Zealand. But this is not true. Kiwifruits really come from China. They were called Chinese gooseberries. New Zealanders changed the name to kiwifruit because their brown, fuzzy skin looks like a kiwi bird.

The coconut’s name is also related to an animal. In the 16th century, a Portuguese explorer discovered the coconut. In Portuguese, coco means “monkey’s face.” The explorer thought the three dark circles on the shell looked like a monkey!

Next time you’re at the grocery store, take a closer look at the fruits. Then try to guess how they got their names!

Words 159How did fruits like bananas, kiwifruits, and coconuts get their names?

Think about some other kinds of fruit. Can you guess how they got their names?

Connect to Yourself

FoodHistory

a kiwi bird

kiwifruits

The Origins of Fruit Names 12


Their names were based on their appearances.

The cranberry got its name from the crane. This is because people thought the fruit’s flowers looked like the head of a crane.

Effect 3

Write the correct sentence in each box.


Step 1

Step 2



7. How did the kiwifruit get its name?

Its , skin looks like a kiwi bird.

8. What does the word coco mean in Portuguese?

It means “ .”



a. the origin of the banana’s name b. the origins of fruit namesc. the taste and smell of fruits

2. Many fruits have interesting stories about their .

a. names b. smells c. tastes

3. The word banana comes from banan, which means .

a. shell b. yellow c. finger

4. Kiwifruits were originally called .

a. monkeys b. kiwi birds c. Chinese gooseberries

5. A Portuguese explorer discovered the banana. True False

6. Coconuts have three dark circles on their shells. True False

face name discovered

finger kiwifruit explorer

The banana was by Arabian explorers. They named it banan

because it looked like a . The was originally called

the Chinese gooseberry. But its was changed in New Zealand

because its skin looks like a kiwi bird. A Portuguese discovered

and named the coconut. In Portuguese, coco means “monkey’s .”

The coconut was named from the word coco, which means “monkey’s face.”

New Zealanders changed the name to kiwifruit.

Arabians called the fruit banan. It means “finger.”

The three dark circles on the shell looked like a monkey’s face.

Cause 1 Effect 1

Cause 2 Effect 2

Cause 3

It looked like a yellow finger.

It looked like a kiwi bird.


monkey’s face

brown

discovered

finger

name

explorer

face

Arabians called the fruit banan. It means “finger.”

New Zealanders changed the name to kiwifruit.

kiwifruit

fuzzy

The three dark circles on the shell looked like a monkey’s face.

Scien

ce

History Science

Summer

How do the seasons change?

Why Do We Have Summer?

Who invented the ice cream cone?

The Invention of the Ice Cream Cone

Do you know any songs about summer?

A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Which animal has colored sweat?

The Strange Sweat of Hippos

SummerCHAPTER 4

What kinds of things can we enjoy in summer?

BIG IDEA

Music

13

16

14

15

We can enjoy swimming, going to the beach, and having picnics.

Seasons change because the earth is tilted as it goes around the sun. So we get different amounts of sunlight at different times of the year.

Yes, I know a song called “Summertime” by Billy Stewart.

Hippos have colored sweat.

The ice cream cone was invented by two men at the 1904 World’s Fair in the U.S.

Warm UpWhat is special about summer? Check the pictures about summer.

It snows a lot.

Water is warm enough to swim in.

It is the hottest season.

It is the coldest season.


1. This track is (straight / pure).

2. The sky is full of (sunlight / season).

3. The frame on the wall is (sunny / tilted).

4. The earth’s (map / orbit) around the sun takes 365 days.

5. Canada is located in the (northern / straight) half of the earth.

6. Spring, summer, fall, and winter are the four (seasons / orbits).


Key WordsWhy Do We HaveSummer?

suMMerScience

Science

Summer

131. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

season orbit tilt

straight sunlight northern

North

South

86 Lesson 13 • Summer 87

It is the hottest season. The water is warm enough to swim in.

Many people love summertime! This is because of the fantastic weather during summer. In summer, it is usually hot and sunny. But during winter, it is cold and snowy. This is because summer and winter are different seasons. Did you ever wonder why we have different seasons?

Seasons are different because the earth travels around the sun. This is called the earth’s orbit. As the earth orbits, it is also tilted. That means that the earth doesn’t stand up straight. So when the earth moves, we get different amounts of sunlight.

Imagine we are in the northern part of the earth. In summer, this part is tilted toward the sun. So we have more sunlight and hotter days. In winter, this part is tilted away from the sun. This means that we get less sunlight and our days are colder!

Our seasons change because the earth moves throughout the year. In summer, you can enjoy sunny skies. It is the earth that makes it possible!

Words 165

What is your favorite season?

Connect to Yourself

How do the earth’s movements change the seasons?

suMMerScience

summer winter

spring

fall

summer winter

the earth’s orbit

tilted

Why Do We Have Summer? 13


My favorite season is summer because I like swimming in the ocean.

When the northern part of the earth is tilted toward the sun, we have more sunlight and hotter days. This makes summer. When the northern part of the earth is tilted away from the sun, we get less sunlight and colder days. This makes winter.

Write the correct sentences in each box.

In most places on the earth, the change. They change because

the earth around the sun. This is called the earth’s .

As the earth orbits, it is also . This causes the seasons. When the

northern part of the earth is tilted toward the , this part gets more

sunlight. This means it is .



1. What is the passage mainly about?

a. the earth’s orbit and the sun b. the reason why seasons changec. the distance between the earth and the sun

2. What is the earth’s orbit?

a. The earth stands straight up. b. The earth moves around the sun.c. The earth moves by itself.

3. As the earth moves, we get different amounts of .

a. water b. snow c. sunlight

4. When the northern part of the earth is tilted toward the sun, it experiences .

a. summer b. winter c. fall

5. The seasons change throughout the .

a. week b. month c. year


6. What does it mean when we say the earth is tilted?

It means the earth doesn’t stand up .

7. Why do the seasons change?

The seasons change because the earth is as it moves around the .

Step 1

Step 2


orbit sun tilted

seasons summer travels

Effect 1

Effect 2

Cause 1

The part of the earth where we live is tilted toward the sun.

The part of the earth where we live is tilted away from the sun.

Cause 2

It is winter.

It is summer.

We get less sunlight and have colder days.

We get more sunlight and have hotter days.


straight

tilted

seasons

travels

tilted

sun

summer

∙ We get more sunlight and have hotter days.∙ It is summer.

∙ We get less sunlight and have colder days.∙ It is winter.

orbit

sun


1. My aunt is going to (tilt / get married) to a nice man.

2. A (donkey / fairy) looks like a horse, but it is different.

3. A piece of paper is not heavy. It is very (light / magical).

4. There was a friendly (play / fairy) in the children’s story.

5. The actors performed a (season / play) at the theater.

6. There are a lot of (magical / northern) scenes in the fantasy movie.


Key Words

suMMerMusic

14Music

Summer


1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

play magical fairy

donkey light get married

Warm UpWhat do you like to do on summer nights?

Families enjoy a concert at the park on a summer night.

They have a campfire on a summer night.


I like to take walks in the park on summer nights.

Felix Mendelssohn was a famous German composer. He was very talented. When he was only 10 years old, he could play and write music.

Mendelssohn liked the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare. The story is a comedy about love on a warm summer night. Many people think that magical things happen on summer nights. This play is full of magic. There are funny fairies and a talking donkey. Mendelssohn wanted to write music for the play.

When you listen to Mendelssohn’s music, you can imagine a magical forest on a midsummer night. The music begins with a light, quick violin. When you hear it, you can imagine fairies flying in the sky. Mendelssohn also used the violin to make the donkey’s sound: “Hee-haw! Hee-haw!”

Mendelssohn also wrote special music for each part of the story. For example, the two young couples in the play get married. Mendelssohn composed the “Wedding March” for that scene. Today, it is still a famous wedding song.

Words 165

When you listen to Mendelssohn’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, what can you imagine?

If you were a composer, what kind of instrument would you use to make the sound of a donkey?

Connect to Yourself

suMMerMusic

A Midsummer Night ’s Dream 14

Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)


I can imagine a magical forest on a summer night.

I would use a trombone, because it can be loud and sound funny.

Match the words to make the main idea of each paragraph.


Step 1

Step 2



7. What characters are in A Midsummer Night’s Dream?

There are , a donkey, and two young .

8. What does Mendelssohn’s music help us imagine?

Mendelssohn’s music helps us imagine a night in a

forest.



a. Felix Mendelssohn was a talented German composer.b. Felix Mendelssohn used a violin to make music. c. Felix Mendelssohn wrote music based on a Shakespeare play.

2. A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a .

a. comedy b. tragedy c. drama

3. A light, quick violin makes people imagine .

a. fairies flying b. a donkey running c. a couple’s wedding

4. What instrument did Mendelssohn use to make the donkey’s sound?

a. a piano b. a cello c. a violin

5. Many people think that magical things can happen on summer nights. True False

6. The “Wedding March” is not played anymore. True False music composer imagine

magical Wedding midsummer

Felix Mendelssohn was a talented . He composed

for a comedy by Shakespeare called A Midsummer Night’s Dream. The story is

about a forest on a night. Mendelssohn’s music helps

us the fairies and talking donkey from the play. Mendelssohn

also wrote the “ March” for this story.

Paragraph 1

Mendelssohn was and it is still famous.

Paragraph 2

Mendelssohn wanted to write

a famous composer.

Paragraph 3

Mendelssohn’s music helps people imagine

a magical forest on a

midsummer night.

Paragraph 4

The “Wedding March” was composed by Mendelssohn

music for A Midsummer Night’s

Dream by William Shakespeare.


fairies couples

summer

composer

imagine

Wedding

music

magical midsummer

magical

pig

squirrel

dog

elephant

How do animals stay cool during the summer? Guess and write the correct numbers on the pictures.

Warm Up

Look at the pictures and read the words.

sweat cool protect

skin sunscreen keep away

Key Words

1. I spray myself with water to keep my skin cool.

2. I use mud as a sunscreen. It also helps keep away bugs.

3. I don’t sweat a lot. But I cool myself by breathing in and out very quickly.

4. I stretch out on a tree branch. This way, I can cool my body and protect myself from the sun.


suMMerScience

Science

Summer

15


2

3

4

1

It is very hot during summer. This causes people to sweat. Sweating is a great way to cool your body. Animals in the wild also sweat when they are hot. Most people and animals have colorless sweat. But one animal, the hippopotamus, has a different kind of sweat: It’s red!

In the past, many people thought that hippos were sweating blood. But scientists discovered that it is not blood. The red liquid is actually just sweat. It protects the hippo’s skin from the sun. It is like a sunscreen!

The sweat of hippos also has another special purpose. The sweat has an important medicine in it. Hippos often fight and wound one another. The medicine heals the wounds. It also keeps away bad infections.

Hippos get hot and sweaty in summer, just like you! Their red-colored sweat looks very strange. However, it protects their skin and fights disease. The sweat of hippos helps them stay healthy all summer!

Words 158

What color is the sweat of hippos? How does their sweat help them?

How do you cool yourself down in summer?

Connect to Yourself

Chapter 1 • Lesson 1 101

suMMerScience

The Strange Sweat of Hippos 15


Hippos have red sweat. Their sweat helps protect their skin from the sun. It also helps heal wounds. It keeps away bad infections, too.

I go swimming to cool myself down in summer.

Write the correct sentence in each box.

is a way for animals to cool their bodies. The hippopotamus has

unusual sweat. Its sweat is ! People thought that hippos were

sweating . However, scientists discovered that it is just sweat.

The hippo’s sweat its skin from the sun. The sweat also has an

important in it. It helps hippos their wounds.




a. Animals sweat when they are hot. b. The hippo has a very special kind of sweat.c. The hippo needs to make its own sunscreen.

2. Most people and animals have sweat.

a. white b. red c. colorless

3. Because the sweat of hippos was , people thought it was in the past.

a. colorless, sweat b. red, blood c. red, sweat

4. The hippo’s sweat is like a for its skin.

a. poison b. moisturizer c. sunscreen

5. Which is NOT true about the hippo’s sweat?

a. Its color is very similar to people’s sweat.b. It has an important medicine in it.c. It helps the hippo stay healthy during summer.


6. Why do people and animals sweat?

People and animals sweat to their bodies.

7. When hippos have wounds, what does their sweat do?

Their sweat the wounds and keeps away bad .

Step 1

Step 2


sweating red blood

medicine heal protects

red the hippo’s wounds heal

an important medicine in it a sunscreen

the hippo from sunburn

The Sweat of the Hippo

Color It is .

Function 1 It acts as .

So it protects .

Function 2 It has .

So it helps .


cool

heals infections

Sweating

red

blood

protects

healmedicine

red

a sunscreen

an important medicine in it

the hippo from sunburn

the hippo’s wounds heal

Warm Up

How do you like to eat ice cream?


1. I had a (waffle / customer) for breakfast.

2. They (compose / sell) bread at the bakery.

3. He tried to (invent / sweat) a new machine.

4. This (customer / ice cream cone) is very delicious!

5. He (rolled / invented) up the carpet because he was moving.

6. The (waffle / customer) is shopping at a store.


Key WordsThe Invention of the Ice Cream Cone

ice cream bars

16History

Summer

suMMerHistory

ice cream in a dish

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

ice cream cone sell waffle

roll customer invent

I like to eat ice cream in a cone.


I like to eat it in a dish.

suMMerHistory

Do you like to eat ice cream on hot summer days? If so, what is your favorite way to eat it: in a bowl or in a cone? Do you know how the ice cream cone was invented?

The first cone was introduced at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis, Missouri. There were many people selling ice cream there. One ice cream seller was a man named Arnold Fornachou. His ice cream was very delicious. Soon, he ran out of ice cream bowls. More people wanted to buy

his ice cream, but he couldn’t sell it.

Luckily, Ernest Hamwi was there! Hamwi was selling waffles. He rolled up his waffles and gave them to Fornachou. Fornachou put his ice cream in the waffles and sold them to his customers. The ice cream cone was invented!

So next time you are enjoying this tasty summer treat with your friends, tell them about the beginning of the ice cream cone. Without this lucky meeting, summer wouldn’t be the same!

Words 168

How was the ice cream cone invented?

Which do you prefer: ice cream in a bowl or ice cream in a cone?

Connect to Yourself

The Invention of the Ice Cream Cone 16


Arnold Fornachou was selling ice cream at the 1904 World’s Fair. But he ran out of ice cream bowls. So Ernest Hamwi rolled up his waffles and gave them to Fornachou. Fornachou put ice cream in the waffles and sold them.

I prefer ice cream in a cone because it is more fun to eat.

Match the words to make correct sentences. Then write the letters in the correct order.


Step 1

Step 2



7. How did Hamwi make cones?

He his waff les.

8. What did Fornachou do with Hamwi’s waffles?

He put in them.



a. how to make ice cream b. how the ice cream cone was inventedc. why ice cream cones are popular

2. The first cone was introduced at the World’s Fair in .

a. 1604, San Francisco b. 1904, St. Louis c.1904, New York

3. Why did Arnold Fornachou have to stop selling his ice cream?

a. He ran out of bowls.b. He ran out of ice cream.c. People didn’t like his ice cream.

4. Ernest Hamwi was selling at the fair.

a. ice cream b. ice cream cones c. waffles

5. Many people wanted to buy Fornachou’s ice cream at the fair. True False

6. Fornachou invented the ice cream cone at his house. True False

bowls invented sell

customers waffles ice cream

Arnold Fornachou was selling at the World’s Fair in St. Louis in

1904. His liked his ice cream. He wanted to more

ice cream, but he didn’t have enough ice cream . Luckily, a waff le

seller named Ernest Hamwi was there. Fornachou put ice cream in rolled-up

. By doing this, the ice cream cone was !

waffles and gave them to Fornachou.

selling delicious ice cream at the fair.

enough bowls to sell more ice cream.

in the waffles, and they were the first ice cream cones.

a. Fornachou put ice cream

b. Hamwi rolled up

c. Fornachou was

d. Fornachou didn’t have

order of the event : → → →


rolled up

ice

ice cream

c d b a

customers sell

bowls

inventedwafflescream

Supplementary MaterialChapter Wrap-up: Concept Map

Parts of Plants

Robert Schumann’s Musical Bouquet

The Crazy Cost of Tulips

National Flowers

Chapter 1 Wrap-up

Concept Map• What did you learn from each lesson?

• Talk about what you learned from this chapter with your partner.

“I learned that …”

“The most interesting thing was …”

Flowers

113

- flowers: make fruits and seeds- roots: take in water and nutrients from the soil- stems: carry water and nutrients to the leaves- leaves: make food for the plants

Austria’s national flower: the edelweiss- small, white, shaped like a star- word edelweiss means “noble”India’s national flower: the pink lotus- grows in muddy water- word lotus means “pure and clean”

- Schumann wrote 26 songs called Myrthen. - The songs were a wedding gift for his wife.- He chose the name because the myrthen flower is a symbol of

love.

- In 1593: Tulips were introduced to the Netherlands. - The early 1600s: The prices of the flowers grew and grew.- In 1635: Forty tulip bulbs were more expensive than a house. - In 1637: People stopped paying high prices for tulips.

How to Read a Map

Using Nature’s Compass

Following Quilts to Freedom

Descartes and the Fly

Chapter 2 Wrap-up





Maps

115

- There are three important parts of a map.- compass rose: shows direction (north, south, east, west)- map key: explains the meaning of each symbol on the map- scale: helps you understand the real distance between places

- Descartes wanted to tell his parents about a fly’s movement.- He drew lines on his ceiling from left to right and top to bottom

and named them.- He came up with a new way to describe a location on a map. - We call it the coordinate plane.

- If you get lost in the forest, nature can help you.- Trees closer to the north have fewer branches.- Moss is thicker on the north side of trees.- The star at the end of the Big Dipper points to the North Star.

- John and his daughter Margaret were slaves who followed freedom quilts to escape.

- boxes quilt: told them it was time to go- North Star quilt: helped them find their way north- bear paws quilt: could find food and water there- log cabin quilt: safe places where could sleep


Painting Faces Made of Food

The Origins of Fruit Names


Chapter 3 Wrap-up





Food

117

- Grains give your body energy.- Meat and beans are good for your growth.- Milk, cheese, and other dairy products have calcium in them.- Fruit and vegetables contain many vitamins and minerals.

- Oliver made healthy meals for students, but they didn’t want them.

- He showed students what chicken nuggets were really made of.- Students chose healthy food for their next lunch.

- Giuseppe Arcimboldo painted fruit and vegetables to make portraits of people.

- The small objects all worked together to make a picture of someone’s face.

- Banana: It comes from the Arabic word for finger, banan. - Kiwifruit: New Zealanders thought it looked like a kiwi bird. - Coconut: Coco means “monkey’s face” in Portuguese.

Why Do We Have Summer?


The Invention of the Ice Cream Cone


Chapter 4 Wrap-up





Summer

119

- We have different seasons because the earth travels around the sun.

- When the earth moves, we get different amounts of sunlight.- In summer, the area where we live is tilted toward the sun.- In winter, the area where we live is tilted away from the sun.

- Mendelssohn made music for the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream.

- The music helps people imagine a magical forest on a midsummer night.

- Hippos have red sweat.- The sweat protects their skin from the sun.- The sweat heals wounds and keeps away bad infections.

- It was introduced at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis. - Fornachou ran out of ice cream bowls. - Fornachou put ice cream in rolled up waffles from Hamwi.

121

Lesson 1

flower

root

stem

leaf

seed

soil

Lesson 2

country

proud

precious

religious

muddy

float

Lesson 3

composer

wedding

poem

melody

bouquet

bride

Lesson 4

introduce

Dutch

product

price

income

pay

Lesson 5

map

compass rose

direction

map key

symbol

scale

Lesson 6

fly

ceiling

bottom

describe

location

graph

Lesson 7

forest

worry

branch

moss

shadowy

nature

Lesson 8

slave

hang

pack

information

escape

cabin

Lesson 9

grain

oatmeal

bean

dairy

balanced

diet

Vocabulary List

121

Lesson 10

junk food

meal

nugget

throw away

disgusted

grilled

Lesson 11

painter

portrait

gardener

object

create

imagination

Lesson 12

discover

kiwifruit

fuzzy

explorer

shell

grocery store

Lesson 13

season

orbit

tilt

straight

sunlight

northern

Lesson 14

play

magical

fairy

donkey

light

get married

Lesson 15

sweat

cool

protect

skin

sunscreen

keep away

Lesson 16

ice cream cone

sell

waffle

roll

customer

invent

122

Memo

124

Memo

Documents

History Maps 8 H i s tory Following Quilts Key Words to