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Highway Safety Handbook

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A hand book for highway safety concepts and implementation. A good reference for beginners.

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Page 1: Highway Safety Handbook

]!pnv,taleSpeou

Page 2: Highway Safety Handbook

'{rlsnpur ppo; eql ur sreq+o pup suor+esrue8ro requeuu

1o uorledrrrped pue +sala+ur ,to ser8teuz{s aq} uor+ pe^uep sr speol+snv +o ssallns eqj

puepez ̂ eN +lsuelf .

uollPllossv lueuuleAoD lplol uPllPi+snV .

selr^Jes leuor8ag pup Uodsupl1 Jro lueluupdeq q+leemuot!tuo3 .

&olureg ;e1rde3 uerlpr+snv selr^res upqrn ]o +uau+redo6 .

fio1r;re1 ureqpoN sUoM pup Uodsuprl;o luau-rpeda6 .pruptuspl solrnose; pup ̂8reul 'arnlln;lser+u;

,to luer"upedaq .prler+snv qlnos Uodsuprf .

PIIPJ+SnV uralsoM sp'eou ulPW .

puPlsueano spPou ulPW +o +uol.uuPdec .

Pllo+lln uollPloolo] speo! .

selPM qlnos anep {1uoqlnv lr#ell pup speou .

:suorlesruPSjo requrau ua^ele slt +o qlpe +o (Jel|JJo e^tln)axa lotuas a^t+pule+lpue lo) relr#o a^rlnlaxo +orql eql +o Sutlstsuol lI]unol p {q paulo^oS st }l 'puepez

MeN +rsuPjl puP uorlPDossv +ueuuja^oD lelol uptlpl+snv eq+ 'ptlprlsnv ut selt^las

lpuor8aU pue Uodsuprl jto +uauruedac q+leaMuotutuof eLl] pup set+uoqlnp lt#pl+pup Uodsuerl p?or fuo1uta1 oml pup a+p1s xts eq+ sesuduro: dtqsrequuau sppor+snv

d r qsraqLuaur speollsnV

'arrlrerd +seq ppom ;o uorler;dde pup uorlpll+l+uepl eq] pup 'uor1e:r;dnp ,{lessareuun

lo uorlpurtur;a '{uoLu.req pue {lruutorLrun lpuotleu +o uotlotuord aq1 q8nolq+ - uelslsped puepez MaN pup uprlprlsnv eql ]o uorlelado pue luaLue8eueui 'lueudo;anap

paler8elur aql ro+ uorllerrp rr8aletls eprno;d ol sturp sppor+snv 'llqLue sllll ulqllM

'3sn reqlpup sppor ro; uuerSor4 qlrpaseu rr8a1er15 leuorlpN aq1 SulSeueu pue Suldolanap .

sprPpuP+s puepazMaN pue uprlp;lsnv ;o luarudo;enep pup ]ueussessp erueuroruad Surlepapun .

dnorg lepow peou s,lounol podsuerl uerlpr+snv eql +o elor aq1 3ur11r11n1 .

uorllp lpuorleulalut pup lpuot+pu lo+ elltqen uotutuol e se Surpe .

serpoq leuorleure+ur puP

leuorlpu pup suorlpsrueS;o reqLueLu ol elr^pp pue poddns Jeuolssa;otd Surprnord .

uials^s peor eql +o esn puPlueue8eueuu anr+le#e pup elps aq+ ro+ aorperd lseq 3ul1ou-rotd pue Surdo;anap .

:{q sauorlno po+elor podsuerl puepez MeN pupuprlp;+snv panorduur ,to +ueue^erqle aql o+ alnquluol o1 sr esodtnd esoqm set+uoq+npruJprl pue podsuerl ped puepez MeN pup uptlel+snv +o uotlenossp aql st speoilsnv

aluord speorlsnv

Page 3: Highway Safety Handbook

'sanbtuLllel uotlue^ard luopDle +o uotleltlddppelltrllurol eL{} lo elueuadxe ro; 3+nltlsqns ou st s}stl)leql eql +o uorle:r;dde snotoSu aq1'alueuadxa ,{q paluaiue;dLuo: aq ol pup luar-ua8pnf pup uot+arlslp q+lm pesn eq ol areIeql 'arr1:eld poo8 uo elt^pp pue sa;dr:uud aprnord ol popue+ut olp sautleptn8 aseql

',u8rseq l;euruur;ar6, o1 pe8ueq: ueeq spq q7 a8e15 plo aq+) ,u8rseg UerC, LUrel aq1 .',1ua8rp, ol palolle ueeq

seq ,uorluollv e+etpeuul Jol, turel eq+ 'suotlppuerruof,or lrpne Surluer ueqM .

'sasuodsar aurel+ ol Moq pup suotlppuetlluo]al otuel+ ol Moq uo pepnllur st eltnpv .'s]l+eueq puP s+sol uo UollPtl]o+ul aAl+P+lluenb Mou st sleq] .

'papuPoxe ueeq a^eq sluelu3ltnoel efueuadxs Jo+tpnv .'sarpn+s aspl eql ut paqulsep ejp s+pullo+ lrodal e^tleula+lv .'uorlesrue8to up ut pappls slrpne 3ur11a8 uo arrnpe st eraLll .

'pssser ppPI;1rrr;dxa sr alupua+urpu pue uorle8rlsanur +uepolp '+tpnp ueeMlaq drqsuorlele; .

'po^ralar sr poder +tpnp oq+ nlSe'dn Surmo;;ort, lnoqp elt^pe rrlroads st aleqf .'papuedxa ueeq spq sluarudo;anap asn puel lo llpnv .

'peppP ueeqseq sdnot8 lesn ppol re;n:rped Jo+ lrpnp pup saureqls lt#EJ+ Uompeol +o +tpnv .

'unro+

g66l AeW aq1 1e paa.r8p sp 'pa^ouer ueeq spq +tpnp ,to se8els eq1 ,to Suuaqiuny .'pela^ol st spPol

Surlsrxe +o +tpne q8noql;e laprn8 slql ,Lo snloJ utpul eq1 sr su8rsap +o +lpne aqf .

:epnllut uotltpe stql ut palelodro:ur sa8ueqr luerrllu8l5

'9661 AeW ut eurnoqlawul pleq unrol lpny {1arte5 ppou leuot+purelul sppor}snv eql +e pereqs lpuo}eureqllo qlnLU Surpn;rur 'b661ul paqsrlqnd spm uot+tpa isl,t aq+ alurs plrom aLll punorppaure8 a:uauedxa pue a8pal,rnou) aq+ sllel+er saur;aplnF speol+snv aql +o uorltpa stqf

'plu+v uraqlnospue prsv 'eluau;V qpop 'adotn3

,Lo sped ut lsalo+ut {q pannolJorr ueeq Mou seqsO66L eql q8norql ptlprlsnv pue puepez ̂ aN ut lrpne {larres ppor ut }sare}ut uaa)

'(9661 lHl) pest^ar ueaq eluts anpq seutlaprn8 asoql 'slennq8rp

+o llpnv,{1arte5aql rosaurleptnD s1r peqsr;qnd uorlepodsuerf pue slemqFrp +o uotlnltlsul eLn O66Lur pup pedo;anap aleM sessalord ;eLurol

'saueqJs ppol Meu uo s+uapDlp Surluanetdo1 uotluenp Jteql psu;nl 'ssof,lns

1eet3 qllnn speor Surlslxe uo sualqord 8ur1e8r1senul{J;erlrur uro;}'slnuno3 r{1uno3 ut supal dlV'sppol Jreql uo s+uapnl?,to {lrpqrssod eq1alnps; o1 sdals e)pl o1 set]uoq+ne {emqSrq.ro1 uorle;sr8el antssellns rto slueu;arrnba.raql pup senbruq:a1 (dlv) uotlue^erd pue uolleSrlsanul ]uepDlv lo luaLldo;anapaq1 Surnnol;o,'sog6L aq1 ur Llop8ut) paltun aq1 ur sur8uo s+t ppr1 lrpne {1a4es peo6

'senssr I1ales peor Surssalppe {J;eLuro; 1os{enn qlrnn se:rpe;d SurlJnsuor pue set}uoll}np luert.tulaAoF Je:o;

'sat+uoq}np lemq8rqelels Lu s,le)pLu uotsoep pue sreuot+t+rerd aprnotd {aq1 'araqmasla pup pupleaz MeN'pller+snv ur se:rlretd +uelnl req1a3o1 ,rnerp Surllpne {1a,res peu )o! saur;aprnF asaql

sarnparord ;eraua8 pue saprnF saqsr;qnd'Marn ur slq+ qllM'pue Lle1s,{s peol uptsplpj+snv oq}Jl.o s1:edse lasn pue alueuelutpul'uorpnrlsuol 'u8rsap

,to padsar ur alpetd ;o {1ru-lorrrun splpMol s)loM speo;+snV

pJo^^aloJ

Page 4: Highway Safety Handbook

L'

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LZ

slrloueq eqf a'9suSrsap Surlpne +o ]sof L'g

slueueq Pu? slso) I

ernln+ ellf L'v,{lltqell snouefrn 9'V

suorlppueuuof,er Jo s8urpur,t lrpne SulpefaX g'V

+lpnp up +o +lnpuol aql Luor,L Sursue ,{llltqelt V'Varue8r;8au +o UoI E VpPor eql +o elPls z v

uorllnporlul L'v

sanss;;u8e1 V

o)uprnsse {1;lenb pup llpn? I1e;us peog t

Zpe+lnpuor lrpne llartes peu e sr MoH L'Z

lrpne r{1a,res ppoj p Surslue8ro ,ro s{e11 9'Z

.+lpnP,{lartes peor e utoped plnoqs oqM g'e

apelrpnp {1a1es peor eq plnoqs slrefold ,ro sed,{1 1eq17i V'e

zeuop "' H:iTfi[?Jffi:]:;il 2t.+lpnP r{1eles peor P sr leqM ,'z

lrpne Ile;es p?or lo uogleue;dxa uy Z

sprppupls Surlreqr upql arour st ltpnp ftarres peo6 9'Lwe';'o':d'u';aeu 3ua

l;ffHi:;i:l :i:fi: :i ffi ll:i:: ffi: ii ernl uPql Ja++eq st uotlua^ald t'Iuteql luapolp aql Surleerg a'l

+rpnP ^lolPs p'eou I L

uorlrnpojlul I

'sleuorlrperd ro+ uoqeuro+ulpunorSpeq saprnord osp +l

'punolS>1ceq ;erruqcel p +noqltm a;doad pue

sro)puJ uorsoep ro; pau8rsep '1rpne ,{lartes peor o+ uo4lnpo4ut ;eteua8 y

]lpne ,!a;es peor o] punor8)feg :V Ued

proMarol

stuoluof Jo alqef

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Page 5: Highway Safety Handbook

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s^ elner {1e;es pue sllpnp {1e;es peol lo sedr{1 leqlg

slpne e8ep Suruado-e;6

slrpne e8els uFrsap pope+ac

slrpne e8els u8rsep fieurr"ur;ar6

slpne a8els I1r;rqtsee3

lereueD

su8;sep p?ol lo l!pn" eql

,Mer^er {lartes peor )lom}eN, - sppol 3ur1slx3 6'6

,^ ernel elnot eJFur5, - speol 3ur1srx3 g'6

lrpne dnot8 losn ppou L'G

+rpne +ueuoole^ap asn puel g'6

+rpnP euaqls lt#Prl )roMpPou g'6

lrpne a8els Suruedo-ard y V'6

lrpne a8ep u8rsap paltp+ep V t6

lrpne a8els u8rsap fieurLut;erd y Z'6

lrpne a8els Xlpqrseart y L'6

selpnls esP) 6

speor Surlsrxe Jo Mernel {lertes peog V'gsdnor8 rasn ppol ro+ s+tpne 1sr;eoad5 E'g

sluau;do;enap asn pupl +o llpnv a g

seueqls lr#Prl )loMpeor +o +tpnv t'g

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peure8 e8pelnnoul aql )leq Surpea; - dool aq1 Surso;3 6'9podar lrpne aq1 ol Surpuodsay g'9

SurlaeLu uorla;duuot e Surp;o11 L'9poder lrpne llarres peor aq1 3ur1r.r7i4 9'g

o+rs eq+ Surpadsu; g'g

sluaunlop aq1 Surssassy b'9SurlaeLu luaualueurr;or e Surp;op1 €'9

uor+pturo+ur punorSpeq aq1 Surprnot4 a'9urpe+ lrpne I1a1es peor aq1 Surpa;a5 L'9

dels {q dels'ssero;d lrpne eql g

'speford rro sadr{1+uara#tp o1,{ldde s+lpne

Mor.l pup lrpne {1a;es peu e ur sdals eq} +noqp sreuorllpetd ro+ sltp+ec

llpne ,t1a;es peol e Surlonpuof :B Ued It

Page 6: Highway Safety Handbook

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re^ol )leq eq+ aprsur papr^old ale sfsll)flHf

seSBls ll?-lsll{lotlr relsPw EL

s+srl)laql eq+ esn ol MoH €'2"

s+srl)raql oq+ esn ol usqM z'zL

slstl)leqJ +o osodind eLlL'2,

slsll{reqr ltpnu llelps pBol eql uo seloN z,

'lueujdole^ap s,pefoJd e ]o se8pls luala#tp eq] ]p selts +lafoldSurpedsur pue su8rsap Surssasse .ro; aprn8 e sp pesn eq o+ slstllleqf

slsrl)lor{f :cl ued

puP ls!l EulPPeu

sJesn pEoJ ro; 8uru81seq

'eluprulo],rod ri1e;es I raqlanordrur o1 speford o1 ,{ldde uer sleuSrsep 1eq1 sa;drruud ,{1arte5

EZl"

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Page 7: Highway Safety Handbook

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'lu+il.urc Pqs?s 'sasow la+od'au{l) o)rw 'r{uuesnq1n61 fe; 'uaprrg Merpuv 'uevol dr;Jrq6 'ue8;ow

Uoqou

sqderSoloq4

'3uo4l reled 'prplloo7i71 uplv 1a;>1ur41 zuerl 'strprlllM upl re;z{1 suq3 lo;Ie1 lepqrw'rrnouefol5 nrrl 'Suurauqls pa;l Xaqe5 ueq)eg 'spaqou ur^la) 'sra+a4 ,{uo1 'ru{6

pr^e6 'oruailpd olp) 'ede4 ;anue61 Xe;xg {uua1 )exg lapqrw

'srnquaddg ueppw'uap3g ua) 'urlpN

)uprl /orzrleleN

lenuputu3 'r{ruesnqln6y IeX 'uoseyy ,fueg 'pene1

ana15 'eu,{;;1 lapqlrW

'e{ey ga1'3ur1 uo6 'anbop lnreqzpw

'pyy '{al)]op u,r^; 'euueg

uqof 'poomueerD llrg

'a8poog e1rw 'uo+slaD lnpd

'ue8eurl perg '{pq raled 'UorJ

re1a6 'ueq8euo3 ernrg 'a)rpll upl 'plarlpeq3 u'e^l 'nldlng Lulorlew 'pupl)rng uqofIporg ur;o3 'aupqsug rueLlprD leqclag ulUpW 'uopeg pe1 'uo1e;ddv upl 'peuqV

lleN

:seepr puP sluaururol' uorlPrujo+ul'a:uauadxa pue e8pe;mou) pereqs Surpn;cur 'saurJeprn8 esaql o+ suorlnquluol reLll;o1 a;doad Surnno;;o1 eq+ )ueq+ ol qsrM sre]um lelruqle+ lup+lnsuol eql pup spporlsnv

'6 raldeq3 ur sarpn+s ospo eql qlrm 'eruptusef 's)roM pue podsuerl

,to lueLupedac aq+ pue sppo13r4 '{1uoq1ny lr#erf pup sppo; seleM Ll+nos MeNeq] 'pupleez MeN ]rsupr1 {q uanr8 elup+srssp aq1 sa8pa;nnoupe {;;nrtaler8 speorlsny

sluauSpol^^ou)lv

Page 8: Highway Safety Handbook

'luaLupPdLuor Surnup aq+ olulreeds pue poqlP+ap euroreq

{psee uer slrer le+uozuorleql 'ellrqaA lueJe ,{ue 1o

sluednrro aql ol prezeq e sl'speo; reau pelle+sur 'SurJrer

leluozuoq pr8u qlrm 3ur:ue1 .

Surlrer leluozuoq Sursn plo^V

Page 9: Highway Safety Handbook

]lpne ,fia;es peoro] pu norS4reg

V UEd

Page 10: Highway Safety Handbook
Page 11: Highway Safety Handbook

]!pne ̂lo]es peoJ ol punorB)lPB

'+uepuadaput erP oqM pue 'SululPl+ puP e)ualladxo e+PudorddP a^Pqoqm aldoed {q pelrnpuol aq lsnu 1 a^r}le#a aq ol ernpe:ord paurrtap e Sutsn sserold

lpr.uro+ e sr ]l ']uor.uuor^ue 1errs,{qd leLll qllM Jo reqlo qlPe qllM laq+le 'llPlalu!

lll^^sresn ppoj s,{enn eq1 o1 sa8ueqo sa^lo^ul1eq1 ;esodold uFrsap Xue uo pa}lnpuol aq uel

tl '+llnq sr peford eql erolaq u8rsap lt#pr] ro peu e o1 pet;dde sl ll ueqm a^l+le#e-+sol

lsotu sr pue {1a;es Surnordu;t ro; ;er1ua1od lsalear8 aql seq lrpne Ila,tes peog

'af,uur,uropad {1e1us pue ;e;1ua1odqse;: s,pefold eq1 uo syoder uuel parlrlenb 'luapuadapu! ue qstq^ ut 'peot 3ut1s1xauu ro 1re[o.rd elrJerl ro ppor arnlnJ e lo uolluultuexe leulo] E sr llpnu {1etres peor V

/-^,^^lrlJilu /\+d-lu5 puud L L "l

' J I

ssarord lueudo;enep puu utlsap'3u;uue;d aql olul ltl sllpne r'aog :1,'; a.rn8rl

'pauado uaaq spll lr raup euq auos 'pPol Mau aLl] opup 'slrompeor ro] seueqls rge.r1 fuerodual .

:1o ,{1a;es eq} ssasse o} ualeuepun aq osle uel s}lpnf *

lf

llpnv gu;uado-a.rd - -

l!Pnv u8rsa6 pelrPleo

llPnv u8;se6 {"reu1u;1er3

llpnv /(lrlrqrsual

u8saq aql orytlndutypnv elq$sod pelord e Sutdopaaq ur sda75

,|olrpnv aql lauSlsac aql

uo!]rnporlul

Page 12: Highway Safety Handbook

'sof,uenoesuol s+r elnpej ro +uapDlp up +ue^alo oluo)orq eq ol s)url aql ]o euo sa)et ̂luo ll 'sluapole {ueLu o1 sppol ipq} s+uana +o utpqloql ur )url p s)earq lpne Ilarres peor q8norql slollp] luerluo;rnue ppol aql Sulssarppy

(966t n SNVIU :oljnos) saqs?r) ppoj ol slnquluol rlllrlM sroll?l osjql eql:7'; a.rn8r1

'soluenDasuol snor+sesrp q+rM pPoJ ]o uol]les lue+srsuolur up Jo +uauuoIAUo eptsppojSurnr8rorrun up 'sresn ppor Jeqlo 'JoqlpeM esre^pe q]!M autqLuo: uel lnot^€qaq Surnuprood 'luepDfP uP ur +lnsar qlrqM slua^e ,l.o ureql p ut autquol uauo srollpJ aalql eqf

'(soqsprl +o %g punorp ur pe^lo^ur) srol)p+ ellrqa^ .

pue '(saqsPrl +o %gz euros ur pa^lo^Ut) sro+lp+ luor.uuol|^u3 ppol .'(saqsPrl

+o %96 punorP ur pa^lo^ur) srollP+ upunLl .

:alp (lueLUe^loAU I lteqlpue) seqsprl allrqe^ rolor.u ur srollp+ Surlnquluor earLll aql lpqt uMoqs anpq setpnls

ureqf ]uaprffe aqt 3ur)eal8 e'L

'rau8rsep eql rolpup luerll eql {q petaplsuor uaq} ole suot}epueruulof,ers+r pue+ueussassetPqj_ (t';atnFrSaas)Fuueeur8ua{1a,tespeojpupuorluanatd}uepD)e

+o sperp eq+ ur pellr)s {1;err,trrads urpa} p {q apeLu aq o} }ueulssasse luapuedeput ue ro+'s;erua1ur re;n8ar 1e

'seprnord ssa:otd lrpne {1a;es ppol eLlf lau8rsap p8uoLue q:eotdde

,1s,rr,t Ilarres, srql roj peeu eql Ja+le +ou op slrpne {1etres peog 'sasselSord 1r se u8rsep

e ,to {1a1es ;e:rsr{qd eql +o s)raql lpturo+ur :e;n8er e)pLU plnoqs 'qreo;dde luaue8eueu

I1r;enb e rto ped s? pup a:qrerd pooS rto rollptu p sp 'oqs to ag 'u8lsap eq+ ro] eJqlsuodsalsurplue; lrafo.rd Meu aq] 1o rau8rsap eql 'pe+lnpuol sr ltpne {larres peoi e ueqg

'artperd uouLUof, pup aurlnor e sl Surlteuqlueq ro Sur4reqr lprn+lnlls luepuedapurse {enn eues aql ur 'errlrerd uour"uof pup aur+nor p aq o} speeu }rpne {larres peoy

(%d srolf,Pl ep!qen

(%82)slolf,q

luauuoJ!AuaPeou

srolrB, u?unH

Page 13: Highway Safety Handbook

]rpne lloJBs peor ol punor8)fe8

'osn +ueJnl q+rM +ualslsuol ^lo+Ps +o la^el P opl^ord ol uo)P}

aq ol uorll? smolle 'raaut8uo {lartes peor eql o+ alqelrPnP slool roq}o aq+ q}lm peulquol

uoq^ 'ppor Surlsrxe ue +o Mar^er {1e1es peol V 'e8ueqr sesn puel {qleau Jo slasn

,to sadr! 'seurnlon se 'aurl reno a8ueqc up: peol Sutlslxa ue ,Lo ,{lartes ;euorleladg

'lllnq sl +r aroloq pepron? sr Luepqord aq1 ,tr llunuuor eql ro+radeaq: qrnLu ,{;;ensn st }l 'peor aLl+ uo 1;eqdse ro alarf uol ,to sqf ue; a8ueqr o1 Sutnequpq] Joq+'er 'pe8ueq: aq o1 ue;d p uo eutl ;1ruad e mo;;e su8tsap +o s+lpnp {1e1es peog

'ppor aql olut peuFtsap uuelqotd ,{1e,tes luerr,LluFts e st slaql ,tr lrafold P +o a}lllrLuouole aloqm eq+ JeAo s+sol ppol le+ol ,to lueuodLuor tolBu,t P aq uel s+sol qsel)

'e+ll s+l Suunp sraqlo ol +sol eLl+ .

puP 'sresn peu ol lsol aql .'1r SurureluteLU +o +sol eql .

'1r Surp;rnq +o ]sol aq] .'1 Suru8rsap ,o ]sol eqt .

:s{enn Iueu ur peol e to; s{ed IlrunLuuuor eq1

'slueulearl lprpetua; ueql {euoLl ssal ,{1uoq1ne peor e slsol .

pue 'eulnPrl ssel saAloAul .

:+r sP 'eJnl ueqt la++aq sl uollue^ald

'{lrrenes rgaqlelnpar ol Jo seqsPrl roef,uoJrnlf,o eq1 luenatd o1sule llpn? {1a;es peot y

'I;enrpeord ruaqlser;dde pue sruerSord ,1ods>1:e;q, 1o etuauadxa pue sa;drruud aq1 se)e+ +lpne I1a;es peoy

ornf ueql ra]]aq sl uollua^ald €'t

Page 14: Highway Safety Handbook

I

seurleptnS asoLll ulpeqrrlsap ojp sreqlo oqf 'suor+Plol qser) +o +ueuleerf uo saurleprnS speojlsnv eq+ ulpaqlllsep erp per ul umoqs osoql 'sppor Suqstxa uo sp)ezeqrto uotletrerdde te;n:rpedB 8ururc3 rort lo luaudolenap +relo.rd 1o saseqd re;n:ryed ]e In+esn

';oo1 luepodur ue

sl qlpl 'speor Surlsrxa pue spafo;d u8rsap Meu q+rm pa+pr]osse sp)ezeq 3ur{rtrluaprrol{1uoq1ne ped e ol olqelrpnp sJool luaLua8eueuu {lerres ;o aFuer eq} smoqs g'; e,tnF11

'1rpne {14;es peor olur 1nd st se (suor}elol qserl

+o lueluleorl eql 'e'l) suuerSord ,1ods1ce;q, olur 1nd Suraq po;rte qlnu se sautl ee;qlsarrnber wetSotd Suueaug8ua,{lartes peor an4le#e ue lpq+ umoqs seq arueuadx3 '{;dde

ol spaeu ,{1uoq1ne peu e;oo1 Suuaaur8ue ,{lertes peol {;uo eqi }ou st ltpne ̂lertes peoy

uerSord 3u uaau r8ua

'ue1d ,{lartes ppor s1 ur sue;8ord elueualureu pup 'sppor Sutlsrxa 'su8rsep

lr#prl pue ppoi Meu +o s+rpnp Ilarres peor eurlnor '(suorlplol qserl +o +ueLu+por+ eql)uuerSord lerpauer luaplrf,p up apnllur 1;rnn fia;es ppor ol pallruruol Ilr.roqlne ppor V

'puepez MeN ur gygT [3ept15 {1a;e5 ppog eq} pue prlpr+snv ur ,{3a1er15 Ilarte5 peoy

lpuorlpN aq+ qllM lenal leuorlpu p lp ue)p+ uaaq spq uorluanard qsprl pup {lertes peoro1 qreordde rr8elerls V

'>lsu luopnlp a)npar o1 {3a1er1s llereno ue rto ped se pemer^ aq

plnoqs lrpne Ilartes peou 'saruenbasuoc Jreql uessol pue Suurn:lo ueLl+ +o pooqrla)rleql elnpe; qloq ol ualpl erp sdals elorraq rn)ro o+ sluepo)e ro;,fiessarau +ou sr +l

'pnpord ro af rnres aq1 lo fianr;epeq+ ur eluellalxe pue llurorpar-u uaomleq aluare#rp elll upour uel eJn+lnl {lertes eSurneg ',Surueddeq raql +o IsrJ aql pue s+uapolp lnoqp uorlesrue8ro ue +o srequeu

Jle {q pareqs s+erlaq pup spepr aq+, sp ft1snpu1 qsr}ug +o uorlprepe+uo) aql r{q pequlsapueaq seq ejn+lnl ,{lerres y ',arn+lnl {1erres, e ;o luaudola^ep eq+ qSnorql sr )str +uapolPSur8eueur ,to lenn e^qla#e uy '{3a1er1s Lural-8uoJ p sr )su +uapole 1o luaue8eueu eL{J

'sno;atuep I1;e;1ue1od pue Suorm ere ppaqp 1q8gel1s 8ur1u;od smor? 'uorllesrelu!-I slql lV

,{1a;es peor e }o Ued auo ̂luo sr }!pne ,,11e;es peo1 g't

g1 iGI

,(Selerls {1a;es peor e }o ued sr }rpne fta;es peo6 V'L

Page 15: Highway Safety Handbook

]rpne ̂]o+es peor ol punolS)re8

'pr€puels paleplno ue ro prppupls aleudoJddpul u? Sutsn aq {eiu reu8tsap y .'uor+ptu;olur plo uo pespq aq {er-u prppuels re;nrrped aq1 .

'(srore a)'eur o] sresn +o requnu

lueor;ru8rs e peal 'a r) e,rpsun aq 'slueuua;a p;Ppupls jeqtro q+tm pautqurol uaqnn '{euu

lnq uorlplosr ur e+ps elrnb aq {eil'prupuep o1 pau8tsap'sluerrJele peo; lpnpt^rpul .'u8rsap eql ur saluplsLunfrr aq+ o+ alqelrldde aq 1ou leu prepupts eqf

suorlpnlrs llp +ou 'suor+pn+rs uou;r.rJor ro ;eraua8 rano: {1;ensn splepuels'srosn

lpur+ eql ro raplrnq eq1 )au8rsap aq1 1o yed eql uo raqlta lole Jo+ irJoot ou a^Peluel sulnururur ,o sauas e SurutqLlo3 'luauuartnbar LUnu;tuLr p uago al? splepuP]g o

'Ale+PS se

llo^ s?'l1r:eder )UJe)l)o lsor'3 a'suosee; pe8uet e.lo; pado;a^ep erP sprppuels .

:se {lertes ealuerenF }ou op sp;Ppup+s 'lanamoH

a

a

a;eMe aq puP Lueql qlrm {;duuor o1plnoqs rau8rsep y 'u8rsap peo.t Aue

'pa^orlll€ eq louupl prepuels {ue areqm ;olduuane

'sprppupls ]up^aler aql q1M rprlttup+ aqqlrnn lurod Surpels luepodr-ut ue ue spJepup+S

sprepuels Sullraql ueLl] aloLU s! ]!pne ,!a;es peou g'L

(855t 'plaltPeq) uo pas?q)ualsIs p?or or.{l ro} slool luaue8eueu I1a;es;o etuet eql :g'1 eln8rl

serpnls uorlPfol LISPJ)

sMernej {1a;es peorelts/a+nor elSurs

sas^leue PlPp qseil peorg

st et^al ,ilartespPor lroMleN

spBoJ 3ullsrx1

s]tpnP Suruado-er6

seureqf,s )tJlPJl

4roMpeor +o slrpnv

slrpne uSrsep pqllPleCI

sltpnP uSrsep fueuru.ri;ar6

sltpnP ,{1r;rqrsea3

spalord u31sa6

sanssl JUrJads pue paltElac

:

=

---IIIIIIII

sanssr lErouaS puE peor8

Page 16: Highway Safety Handbook

'uorllesreluupau eql lo eluaseld sql ol slenuP Uel? ol LtBssarau eq {eu lueul?eil

,prppupp-eloqp, ue sesef, q)ns ul 'uollleslelu! lueplP eql ol u/nelP eq leru sele s,lanr.rp u'uorpasrelu! J?eu eql lP lueupejl lolluol uolpasielu! P,l?puPls P qllM ue^e ln8 'uo!pe$elu!

reeu aql lp seqspJf, lo IsU pespellu! u? ol salnqllluol (eullerlueJ q:uoldde ue 8u;pn;ru1)

uorpasrelu! pe;;o.r1uor-u8!s e Jot 8u1>l,reureu;1 P,t?puPlS ue!lelFnv aq1 {ldde ol elnll?, aql

zsrosn pepadxe s1r ro; ,{;ertes )loM +ueu+Pel} lo pPol alll lllM:,asodrnd ro, ssau+r, Surpaqo, sl +tpnp ,{1e;es peol e ',eouetgdtuor ro; Surpaql, ueq} raq+e;

Page 17: Highway Safety Handbook

I

'srosn peoJ lle lo {lotEsoql qllM Pouleluof,sr llpne I1e;es peog

t1pne,{a1es peor ot punorSlreg

'palnpel sl'ewnl-ll pue uo4dnrsrp ,sluapDlp Surpn;rur 'Ilunuuuo: aq1 ol pafold P +o lsol Plol eqt .

pue 'pelnper sl UoM lelpauer {;1so: ro; peau eq} ''s;aeutBua

lt#pl} pup stauSrsap peol +o sputu eql ut alueurLuord .ra1eal8 uantS st {1a;es peol .'pelnpel eq uel sellsel) 1o {luanes aq1 '

'pernper aq uel )romlou peor aql uo saqserl +o pooqllelll aq+ '

:leql ele slrpne I1a;es peot 3ut1:npuol lo sll+euaq eqf

t-

2s]lpne A1a;es peor ]fnpuof Aqnn z'z

'sapuept+ap aql alnpal lo aAoLUal o+ suollPpuauLuolol se)Pul pue Salluallllap '{lartes

peot Aue setllluepl 1eq1 'podau lrpny l1a1e5 pPoU P sr +lpne {1a,tes peor e +o euol}no aql

'uorl?+lnsuol to suotpadsul 'slleql leurolul eqlllsep o1 asn no^ euPU eql lON s! '

sLualqord,{1a;es Sutn;onut

slraford o1 ,{;uo ro spalord 1so:-q8rq o1 {;uo parldde aq o1 Sutqleuos iQ[\ sr o

1ralotd e 1o u8tsaPa] P fQ\ sl r

uotleStlsenut +uaPIllP uP fQ\ sl o

sllaql u8tsap ro+ elnlllsqns P ION sl .

sprepuels qltnn aruetldt-uol +o )laql P lQ\ sl o

laLllouP lsute8e uorldo auo 3ut1er So Aer'a e fQ\ sl o

uuB';sord sryo^ P'' ":::"r1': 'l:Hlllffi 'J*il'; ff,Hffff ; i:X :; :

:1rpne Ilertes peog

'sanssl Aleles Peor ol Pa+lulsel .

pue,Sututellpueeruatladxaaletldolddeqlrnna;doad{qlnopeulP].'uSrsep aql ,to +uepuadapur erP oqm aldoad {q 1no pelrlel '

')laql leurlo+ul uP lou pue ssarold lPuroj P o

:sl +l leql alP uol+lul+ep eql +o slueuelo lelluessa e[]f

"33rigturoJ.!3d d1e'us puv Sulsuagadr-gse;* s,;:ei*;d aqg uc sp*de: LLIesl F€lgilEnb

'3uepr:*depul ut q:!q5^ ilr 'puo'r Fug4srxa

ue :* p*{*3d }t+38;; i* pg*j slr:}n} * i* 1!$!teuti$Hga ;Bi't!Jo} E 5: }lpri€ dtrages FeoJ V

2]!pne A1a;es peol e sl leqM L'Z

]lpne,Qa;es peor

Jo uo!]eueldxa uv

Page 18: Highway Safety Handbook

0t

III

i

'saqself, ol p?el Ieu sgql

PUP 'Uel aq1 ruo.t; {;uo

rgge.rl padxe ol sranup8u;qreordde euros p?elIeur u8gs {e6q eug s1q1'apduexe ro3 'u8;sep

eles ? ur 11nser s{er'a;e

1ou {eur slueulearlpJePu?ls lo esn oql

'(alaldLUor sr pelord eq+ re++p uoos ro) a8els 8u;uado-ald aq1 1e .

pue 'e1e;duor sr u8gsap pell?lep eq+ eluo .'pado;anap uaeq spq u8;sap fteupu1;eld eq+ aluo .

'e8e1s I111;q;suel eq+ lP .

:peford eL]] +o ern]euJo ezrs eLl+ +o ssa;pre8ar 'pellnpuol oq upl lpne ,{lartes peor p uaqnn 1:e[o.rd rr;rtet1ro peol e rol ssarord luaudo;enap pue u8rsap eql utqltm sarltunpoddo lno+ orp ereq-L

2auop aq ]!pne ̂]oles peor e plnoqs uagM t'z

'elerluol e^ou.J o+ ueql ue;d p uo eutl ;rcuad e a8ueqr ol latspo st +l'pellnr+suol erp sUoM rage s+uor.u+eerl lptpeuel ]o lsol eql ueq+ ssa; {;1uerr;ru8rs ereu8rsap e Sur8ueq: lo +sol luenbesuor eql pup lrpne Ilartes ppol ant+leold e 1o +sol aqf

Page 19: Highway Safety Handbook

'seSpls Jalel lP sllpnP ol anp uSlsapaj

pto^e ol eeuStsap sd;aq aSep ,{;.rea srql lp s+ueuta^oldurr ,{1a;es lPlueuPpunl 3ur4e61

,(ennqSrq aql esn LlltqM Slueua^otu lt#pll lef,ol snouP^ alepoull.uof,le o1 MoH

lAll? lll^ Slueuanou ll#?ll ajeq^ 'uMol aql lPeu suollf,eslelul l?a4 ol MoH

.slurod Sursso.D lo ssalle ueulsanbe puP uEl4saped a;es aprnold ol MoH'suorlef,ol dtuet :a1;e o+ leqlaqM

'peor popt^tp 1o qfual aLll puelxa ol laqlaqg'spuaq 1q34 plone o1 ssed,{q aql puaya ot raqlaqM

:elrl sensst leptsuof, ol eAPq 1;rnnja8eueu +ca{old aql 'llpne eql }o eluenbasuor e sy

.rfyds.Lld ,1eN69

EL

l2F*lrau4l

g*r4'*orr*rCnfiJn fht'{'ofl qY,'rctt'?tro

t 3av7t4ul q?.tr.o4

'1no{e1 pasodo.rd

aql ]o llnsel pallp p arp lnq ,seuppunoq ssud{q aql uol} {eane ;;ann e.re sua;qotd esaql

;o ,{ue6y 'Per}4uepl elam qllqm srua;qotd ,{1a;es eq1 }o auos smoqs nolaq ue;d aq1.+uautuo1r1ua slt ulql!/v1 qrt ldaruor aqi Moq pue ssud{q aql uo sanssl {1a;es puoJq eql,lqdaruor laLllo aql o+ uorlplal ur) 1da:uor aql pessassp ssLl llpnP fia;es puor fir;tqtseaS

s/noqs ueld lderuor eql lPq^t

'sr(ema8Buler Pelerr;dnP

+o lua$a eql pue suolletn8r;uor e8ueqrtalul eql qllm 'umol oql +o qlnos eql o+

iuaruu3qle praua3 aql s*oqs ue;d lderuor aqi pup pasodo'rd uaaq 5pq ssed{q u^ ol V

,'Ieileq 9ql ssef,ord

lueuldole^eP PuP u81sap eql ulqll/n pellPn? s! P?o,| E lelF?e eql'

Page 20: Highway Safety Handbook

ZL

's)lnrl fuanr;ap rorr Surpeo;unTssarBaTssele pa8ueqr .'sresn {q sseflp pup uorlplnllrr podsuell l;qnd pa8ueqt .

'luauudolenap oq+ ssellp sellrqe^ e;eqM s{e;ap to {1r;rqlsrn pa+lulse; .'peor lsnq luecelpe ue o]uo Surlted ,to rano;;rds e .

peor luarefpe eq1 Sursso;l supulsaped ,to s.requ,rnu paspallut .'\)ed )e) Meu eql ut s+lrl+uol upulsapad/elltqe^ .

:sresn peor 1o {larreseql lla#p {eu.: 1eqi ser+r^rlle Surnno;;o1 eql ut +lnsar lq8ru lueuudolo^ap lporeulirlole 'a;duexe rol 'sppor a>;r1 elerado I;anr1:a;rta leql spele peu-+]o elparl ro speorAqneu lla#p q:rqm +nq',ppor-#o, arp lpql spaford uo pellnpuol eq oslp upl sltpnv

)a+el uPql raqlPr Jarljpa LUeLll lrpne ol )ees pue seztspalord ;o aSue; e esooi.l) ]olle] Sulpr:ap p oq plnoqs sal;noser ]o uotlplollp e^tpe#aeq1 '.laq1o {ue ,to ppeqe pe+rpnB eq plnoqs spefold q:lqnn Surprrap uaqM 'pe+tpn?

eq ol enlp^ +es e e^oqp 'spafotd ,ro a8elua:ted e lo 's1rafotd

;;e arrnba.r sleq]O pa]rpnpaq o1 speor rofeLu uo slraford u8rsap ,to e8eluarled e alnbal set+uoq]np ppor euos

'slrelord lootlls ol salnor eles

'seuraqls uotllnpal qsejl

ua^e pue 's;esodord uorsr^rpqns'sSurper8dn

;euBrs'sped

luauodurol Jroq]pup seluaq]s luaua8eue{J lr+}el} eal" lelo.

'spaford roleur leeu speor le]ol palernap'se+noJ a1:{:rq pue ueulsapad

'spaford uorllasrelu'spaford

luauu8l;ear pue uor]lnl]suolel o'speor papr^rp rohn-r .

's{emaer; MOLr r

:sP as.lenrp se slrafoldpeoj uo pe+lnpuol 3q uPl slpne ,{1e;es peou

'aprq {l3ur4rnnun ,{pu u8rsap eq1

Vpzv1 ler1ua1od Aue So alprs aql1nq 'luepodr!t st+eql paford oq] ]o elpls eql +ou sr]l'speor

+o sed{1 ;;e uo 'speford ppor +o sad,{1 ;;e o1 a;qe:r;dde srp s+tpn? l1a;es peoX

2pallpne {1a;es peor aq plnoqs spalord Jo sod^] teqM V'Z

'sa8els relel lp eiurl u8rsap polse^ +o uotpstulturur'{;luenbasuol 'pup sLua;qo.rd +o uorlpul,ur;a ,{pea aql ol peal osle uer Surlrpne ,{;re3'1r Sursn sr lr#er+ af,uo ro sa8els u8rsap rel?l le suuelqord X1e1es aq1 enoLuer o1 a;qrssodurueuo puP '+lnll#lp ,tan sr 1r 'a3e1s {1r;rqrsee; aql +p uesoql sr (lxe}uol te;n:r;edeq] ur slualqord Ila,tes ]ueiaqur q+rm euo'a'r) lueLuleotl ro 1da:uo: aler;dotddput ue

,Ll reileq aq1 sse:ord luaLudo;anap pue u8rsap eq+ utqltM pe+tpne sr 1:afotd p retlree eql

')Jomlau peor Surlslxa eql uo .

oue'spaford

luerrruu8rs ,to uorllnrlsuor Suunp pelnbar lueure8uueu ll#Ell llompeu )o] .

,pe+lnpuo: aq oslp {eLu lrpne ,{1a,tes peor y

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a

a

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a

a

'u3;sap lPrlrur Jeles

e ro, alnlrlsqns ousl ralel su3;s 3u;ppy

Page 21: Highway Safety Handbook

ttlrpne ̂lajes pPol ol punorE)leB

)ee^ lad ltpne ouo lspel +e Surlepapun r{q lualn: aruauadxa ;euotssartold lreql 1da>1 '

pue 'se8e1s

uStsep lp oerql lspel+p Surpn;ru1 's+tpnP {1a,tes peor lPr.lrlo+ e^l+ +seel }P ue)e}lapun o

,(aruauadxa aloLll ̂|+ue]|}|u8|s a^Pq p|noqs s+]e[old palert;dLuor

ajoru +o sltpnp lo+ slapeel uleel puP unululul P sl slq+) plel+ SulleeulSua

luJerl lo uotllnllsuol pPol 'uSlsep pPol lue^elal P ul elualredxe slBar{ e^!} lspal +P ''uol+el np

s^ep oMl +sPel +P +o'esrnol Sututerl +lpnP poslu8olel P paleldLUor {;;nrtssar:ns '

:s'eq ro+lpnv ̂1a1e5 p'eou roluas v

rolrpnv ,{1a1e5 pPoU rolues P sl pue llpne +o eBP+s aql ro; aruatladxe SuuaautFua

Ilerres peor alpnbapp spq leppal uleel aql elnsua plnoqs sro+lpnP a3e3ua oqM oldood

of,uotJadxf

rasn qlee e)tl enlallod PUP )ultl+

ol elqe asoq+ - lesn peol ro ,reulolsnf , ]|'o sad^l +uer3#lp aLll J|-o Mal^ +o +ulod eq+ LUol+

palold ppor eql ees ol sllt)s rlaql esn ol elqe asoq+ eq lllm slollpne In+ssallns lsoul eql

'1rpne{1a;espeolpuP(suol}P]o|qsP]]}oluauleallaqlluorluana,rdpueuolleSllsanuIluapl]]Pq}oqsla^o]

qrlqM (0ooz 'spPorlsnv) as:nor 3u1u1e4 Suuaautsua ,{la;es peor leuollPu eq};o quaualtnbal aql Sututpno

loda.r e paqsrlqnd seq speo.rlsny .sasnor 3ururejl ilpne ,{1a4es peol astueSlo {pe1n8a; selluoqlne pPol a14sr

'elueuodxa uo-spueq ajou ulPS ol sjaqtuaul uEel llP

Jo+ ̂ltunuoddo ue pue slauot+tllp.ld palueuadxaul lo+ eslllexs Sututetl P eq uPl

lrpnp fue^a lnq 'suueeur8ua fiales pPol ul peluauadxe lapPal ueel P sallnbel

uieal lrpnp qlpl 'peseld oq ol spaeu alualledxe q)lqm uodn 'asPq e ^luo

elp ̂eql lng .slltls Suuaau€ua ,fia1es peol Surdo;anap ouo^u? lo+ sdels lPlluasse

aiP - seullepln8 oseql ul sselojd dap-r{q-dap aq} SulpuP}slapun pu? - *asrnof,

3uru1el1 lrpne {1e1es pec, e pup *eslnof uo4ua^ald puP uo4PSllsa^ul }uaplllP

ue SurpuailV 'G66r 'illdlng) ,1q3ne1 aq ]ouuPl ]! - +ureel aq ol seq Sutlaau8ue

,{1a;es lo1, 'eluauadxa uo-spuetl }o llnsel aq} ^le8lel sl elue}adulol slqf'

,'uSlsap e+Ps ple lllm qllqm queudolanep Meu lo lsPeJqP daal pue'alqPl|?AP uollPtulo+ullo q+leeM eqi qllM sa^lesureql esuPlllLuPl ol peau qsllelf,aos

,{1a}us 'yaluol slql ul 'alllleld }uP^elar puP saldlf,uljd 'Qeles }o a8palMou>l

Suruurdtepun pup 'uSlsap ptpaulel puP uoqPSllsa^ul luaplll? ,o sanbluqlal

ut atualaduol lo uot+Pulquol P sP pasluSolal sl Suueau!fiua ^lalPs ul asluedx3,

:alPls

B66t'LHD saurlsplnD +rpnv s,uorlPuodsuPrl puP s^eMqSrH ]o uorlnl4sul eql

zslll>ls Sulleaur8ua X1a1es peol ele ]eqM

(L'9 uorpas eas) eluelredxa puP slll)s lueraJJlp ertnbar +lpne +o sa8els luareJJlC

)nolAPqaq losn PPol '

pue 'senbtuqlal uol+lnl+suol peol pue u8rsap peol ''luerua8eueu ll#Pl+ puP SutlaeutBue rr;;er1 '

:1o Surpuelstepun uP ol palurl eq plnoqs slqf 'ureo+ llpnP

,{1a;es peor {ue ur luerparSur ;erluessa ouo aql st SuuaautSua,{lertes pPol ul aluauedxl

sll!)s

2]lpne fta;es peol e uroled plnoqs oqnn 9'Z

Page 22: Highway Safety Handbook

VL

'se^a +o s;rPd aroLu Surneq .

pue 'suotssnlstp ruoi+ llnser upl qltqM spept +o uot+estlrye+-ssolJ aq+'a;doed

luere#rp ,ro seqreorddp +uare#rp pue spunor8)req esre^rp aql

:apnllur 'uosied

a;8urs e upql reLllpr 'Lupal lrpnu requrau-r+lnu e Surneq +o s+r+aueg 'eldoad perru;enb

pup poluauedxa arou ro oM+ ]o upal lrpne {1a;es peu e enpq o+ alqpsrnpp st ll

srolrpne,o raqunu aql

'aruauedxe eql ruo;l ure8 pue{;anrpafqo suo!]ppuauuorar +rpne replsuol o] peeu sluarll pup srau8rsa6 'rusor+ul se)rlouo ou +pLll llp+ aql ol enqrsuas 1a{ 'slueussesse rraql ur enqre[qo aq ol paeu slo+tpnv'pasruSocar aq plnoqs ,pa8pn[, ryom u8rsap Surneq q+tm pelpt]osse ,{1nr1suas eq+ loqunJ'fo#e puP oru[ pelsP^ +noq+rM pue ,{;enrpe;rte auop eq o} sl ilpne eql I pautp}utptupue paqsrlqe+sa eq Fnu sarped eql uaamleq uorlplrunuuoo poo8 'ssa;eqleuoy ',sa{a

qsa;+, rllrm pemer^ sr u8rsap eql +eql os 'luapuadapul eq Fnru jolpne ,{1ales peol aq1

sfuapuadopul

'#Pls uMo suurprl o+ sarlunpoddo osaql asn pue speford r;rrads Jo+ sllt)s asoql podLut up] s+tpnp{lartes peor.rort arueuedxe pup s;;r1s ,fiessareu aq+ enpq }ou saop +pq} uorleslue8io uy

'lueuuqp aql punoJe eprsp?oJ aq1 8ur{rporu Jo lueurlnq? a3puq aq1 8uua11e s? aless? sl (puo lqporvrqse,n p qllm ilq) umoqs sE erue; p,run8 8u;11e1su; raqleqm ls? lllm leaur8ueI1e;es peo.r paruelredxe uV'lueulnqp a8p;rq aq1 l? pe^e!ql? eq louuel euoz /?el) u OLprppuels eql esn?raq pesn uaeq s?q eluel pleng'Iqpoanqseo lou sl pu? prcpuuls plo ue ol slarue; pren8 aql to pua 8u;peel eql 'peol eql ,o eprs 1q8;l eq1 uo sle^pll lge.r1 a;duuxe slql ul

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Page 23: Highway Safety Handbook

9Lllpne ̂]ales peol o] punorS)re8

'alqPltP^P erP sluPllnsuol llpnP {1a,tes peor lstletrads lenpl^lpul 'uStsap lu]ell puP

ppol q+tM pe^lo^ut suorlesrueSlo laqlo rol Pllrosuol ro satuedruor 1ue1;nsuor a8;e;;rr;11roq1nn peol e8lel ulqllM paqsllqelse oq uel sl'leal llpnP luapuedaput

'1st1etrad5

'paford al]l +o ]uePuadapur sl PUP

aruauadxa pue slltls Sutleeutsue ,{lartes peor sell }eq} uee} }lpnP 1st;etreds e a8e8ua

o+ sr +rpne r{larLes peor e astuB8to o1 ,(enn a^llle#e isou ellf 'paletodto:ul eq }snu

esrpedxa 1sl;et:ads ]nq'+lpnp r{1a1es peol e Sutstue8ro 1o s{enn +o laqunu p ale eraql

llpne ,Qe;es peol e Sulslue8lo Jo s^eM 9'Z

'ssa:ord eql +o +lnsai 3 sP slllls nnau SutulBal ele #els

Moq MouI Luaql +al 'apPuj arem sluatlanoldur '{lartes esnPlaq pall}aueq

seq {ltunuuol eql a;eqm 1o sa;dr-uexa euos uaq} anrS 'SutssalSord

sr +t Moq Mou) JJPIS e^l+nf,axe Joluas pue '{poq SutulenoS rno{ 1a1 '6

'suol+Plol qsell

Surleari ,to uuerSord e qllm uotpunluor ul '>pom]au peol Sutptxa 'rnoI ;o

sMet^er ,{1a;es raprsuoJ ,s}lpnp e3e1s u81sap qltnn aruarradxa a^eq noI a:ug '8

.arueuadxa qlrnn ssarold aq1 l{1rpoLu pue laSeueu pue lauStsap 'slo+lpne

ruor+ >lsPqpee+ leD 'spjPzPq

+o pooLlllalrl aq+ olnpal o1 'lllnq ale Aeql ejoleq

suSrsap anolduur ol ltpn'e I1a;es peol asn {1aut1noj pue suolssos puellv 'L

'Sutrutnuo: fuen elB sa;duexa lPll+lpld 'slql u! slollpne lPl+ueloo pu?

slauSrsap ,sleSeueu epnllul 'suotssas doqs4lolrt Sututell Sulpnpur ',spalotd

1o;rd aLuos op pue slollpne ,{1a1es peoi pe:uauadxe ;o aldnor e ul lle3 '9

'spaau te;nrrped lno,{ laau 1eq1 sartlretd

pue sarcrlod dolanap pue senssl lrpne I1ales peot luepodu! eql al>pel '9

'uosad eules

eql aq 1ou ,{er-u {aq1 '1rpne ,{lartes peol }o asnef aq1 uoldueql o} auoauos

aleuruoN 'X1a;es pPol ,o asnel aq+ uotdueqr o+ euoeuos aleultuoN 'v

'ue16 ,i1a;e5 pPoU eLll ut sserold s;enotdde Sutuueld uMol eLl+ epnpul'su8tsap lt#Prl pup peol ,o lrpne {lartes peol eul+nol aq} pue (suol+elol

qsPll +o lusl.ulearl) uetSold lelpotrtal luaplllP ue apnllul 'f i3a1et1s

,{1e1es peo.r luaululano8 ;elo; ,{ue uo ,{;;erradsa 1nq 'sal8a1ej1s {'to1tlla1

ro alpls 'lPuotleu '3'e; ser8alells ,{lartes peol }ue^elel uo ue;d aq+ eseg.satlt^tllp Suuaaursua aqi lsnf lou puP salll^l+lP luauuranoS lero; lno{

1o a8uet aloqm eql ra^ol lllM slql'ue14 '{1a;e5 peog ledrrrunl4/ e dolanaq '€

'ue1d ,{1a1es peol ledtrtunLu e Sutdolanap

ol luau]ttuulol P qllM 'ue16 elerod;o3 lno'{ ul pepnllul fia;es peor aneg 'Z

'sur8aq alnllnl ,{lartes e eleqm sl slql 'lPllllll st luaulannodula

puepoddnsrraql'I1e;espeolSutnoldullo+lueu+ll'ul'uof,lPrulolauosalPL! relu+o a^llnlexe lotuas rno,{ puP (llluno]) '{poq SutulanoS lno{ ane;1 'l

'+rpne Ala+Ps

peor elnporlur sel+lloqln? luauuuranoS ;erol dlaq ;lrnn sdals Sutano;1ort aq1

uolleslueSlo rno,( ul pauels ]lpne ,fia1es peol 3ul]]aD

'(L'9 uotllas aas; podar uoqs e pue lq8ru pue {ep uotpedsut alrs e'ue;d e;8uts e

+o uotlputurexe up ,sll'el auoqd auos +o lstsuo) plno: pelold 1a3pnq-i,,to1 e +o llpne uv:1,pn" ," 3ut1:npuor urpal laqulau-qlnur e e^Pq o1 ;errloerd aq s{enn;e 1ou {eu 11

II

Page 24: Highway Safety Handbook

'peleprsuol ajesrollel lp arns elpu o+ pue elueuodxe pue a8pe;anou>1 +pq1 +o uolleor;dde aq1ro+ plp ue de {aq1 :eoueuadxe pue aFpe;nnou1 ro+ a}nltlsqns e +ou olp s}stl)leql eqt'ornlPe+ Aue So llartes aq1 lnoqe +ueLua8pnf uano reqlstq esn plnoqs roltpnp oqf';te1ap ,!ana lo^ol q3tqM s+stl a^tlsneqxe lou ere Iaql lldLuold p se pasn aq o+pepualur ere slsrllleLll eql 'C

ll?d ut paut€luot er€ esaql '1uar-udolanep s,lcafotd e ;osa8els lueroJllp eql rorr pado;enep ueeq aneq slsrl)leql luole#rc 'senssr

+upneler aq+Suueprsuor ur Jolrpnp eql +stsse o+ s+stl)raql esn ,{eu sserotd lrpne {lartes peor oqJ

repeol urpe+ lrpne eq+ ol suorsoep pa+ueurnlop eq1 ,to ldor e spues .

ouB'Suurnca.rsLue;qord u8;sap Jplrruts ptone ol 'uorlesrue8lo eql olut )Jpq eluatledxa aq1 spaarr

'u8rsep aq1 SurpuaLue {q suorsr:ep eq1 sluaLuaJdr-ur'suorsDep oseq+ s+ueunlop .

'suorlPpuaulurof,al

s+t pue podet ltpne eq1 o1 esuodse; ul petrnber uotlf,p eql uo sepoap .

:luellJ ro reuSlsep eqI '€

']uerll ro ;eu8rsap aql q+lM SurleeLu uorlaJdruor p sploq .

pue 'podal ltpne oq+ selr;M .

'lparrnbat sp) sde+s oMl esaql sleeda; .'1aLul1 lq8lu 1e Sulpn;rur; elts aql spedsur .

's8urnnelp aq+ s+tpnp pue slueunlop eqtr llp sMatnel .

:u?el llpne sql 'z

rolrpnp aql q+lm Surlaau luerualueulutol p sploq .

pue 'slueurnlop eql ;;e saprnord .'uPel

+rpne ue s+lolos .

:luetl) lo teuS;sep eql 'L

:ssarord aseqd-aarql p sp +o lq8noql aq upl pue L'9 atn8tgur Upql Mol+ aqt ut pequlsep are sdels eqj 'JplLuts aq {;;etauaB lltM pamollo+ oq olsdels aq1 'jeAaMoH 'sonssl

luereJ+lp leplsuol llt^ ltpne {1e;es peot Lll'ee 'porll?er

seq peford e luaudo;anap 1o e8els eq+ pue 1raford ,to ed,{1 oql uo Surpuadag

2palf npuol ]rpne ,Qa;es peol e st ̂^oH l'c

'pelueunlop

eq lsnui suosper aq1 'palderce lou st uotlppueuulolar ltpn? up ejaqm ase: Aana u;

'uorlppuotutuolal qlpe ldele +ou lo ldale ol raq+eqmsepnap pup srql seop uot+esrueS;o luat;c s+t lo uot+pstue8to u8rsep aq+ utqttm uostadroluas p leq+ elqpra+erd sr 11

'1'r1e ',{lredeJ peu '1soc lrefotd

'aJduuexa lo+) srollp+raq+o q+rm s#o-apell elqp+tneut aql e^losal pup suorlppuauLuofal {lartes eq1 reptsuolo+ spq auoeuros 'qlrm

llpap aq lllM suotlppuauruolal pup s8urpurrr ltpnp eql MoLl+noqp 'lrpnp ue +o +uauef,uaLutuof, o1 toud 'Surpuelslapun Jpall p eq ol speeu elellf

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Page 25: Highway Safety Handbook

'luPilodtulun atuof,eq

,(eu ueal ltpnp eql ;o acuapuadaput lnoqP sujeluof ;eut3t.to alll 'uea+ llpnP alll

,(q papua[rruora: saSueqr ̂ue uo Surprrep lo] ^llllqlsuodsat se>|e1 ({ueduor aq1 ut

loluas asla ouoeuos jo) ;a8eueul u8rsep e ll 'uollPpueutuofaj e ;o uorpafal ,{ue ;o;

suospaj aql Surluaurnrop {;1nlerel pup suollPpueuuolal ilpnP ol uotpleplsuof enp

3u;nr3 {q slq} op uer ̂aql 'suSrsap u^ o lralll Jo} ̂llllqlsuodsal utelal srauSrsap 1eq1

le+r^ sr ll ',olen;o lamod, P slollpn? antS o1 eleudo.rdde lou s! ll '(uollPllunuuJof,

poo8 sa.rlnbat lsPel lP r{llqM) slau8tsap eql ̂q papadsar '{lq8rq sr pue Supeaupua

{1a;es peot u1 pacuar.radxa fuen sl tleel llpne eql ssalun 'elol ,slollpne eL$ }o

Sulpuels.rapunslu P pe88ns ,pa8ueqr eq Fnu u8rsep eql, elll quauulof, ueel ilpnv

apallnbal Sututell llpn? alou s| '1,1q8ne1 eq louuPl1! - lulPel

eq Fnu Suuaaursua ,$a;es peou,) slltls pup aluauadxe lualll#ns s?q uPal ilpne sll

reqleqm llaql plnol {uedluor eq1 'u8rsap aq1 a8ueqr ol }ou lo iaq}aq^ apllep uaql

dlaq plnonn ulnl ur qlrqM 'ualqord aq1 qllm palellossP slslr eql lnoqe sluarua8pnI

alpru uaql lal oslP plnom ll 'lno 1lads aq plnor ad'{1 }uapllle paledrctlue eq1'uralqold aql s? eas eolrpne eql lutlm nnoul s;euStsap eql d;aq p;noan ,prlluol slql

plo^? ol u8rsapel pue sqled ldams aq1 >paql ir1;4e'r1 Sutuoruo eql olur 1no Sutnns

lpM sesnq, al!l luoutulor y 'rua;qord pe+lluapl eL{l }o ellnos lo elnlsu eql +noqP

arueprnS'paau srauStsaq 'uau8tsap eql lo+ ln,rdlaqun st ,pa8ueqr oq lsnu u31sap

aql pup sno.raSuep sr, padse uSrsap euo leql luauulo) uellllM s,tueal llpne aql'uorlPllunuuol

parp ro, alnltlsqns ou ale soruaw 'satlanb ,{ue ssncstp o1leuSlsap eql pe+uol uel

srolrpne 1eq11ue1rodul sl tl '3u4eau slql leUV 's1:adse enbtun '{ue pue eueLlls 3

1o asodtnd aq1 u;e;dxa ol s.rauSrsap lo] pu? suo4sanb lsP o1sJollpne ro; rqlunpoddo

ue saprno;d SutlaeLu srql 'fiur1aau lueuelueuuol e sallnbal sselold llpne eql

'papqnord eq ol speeu leqlo LllPe q+lm alellunululo) o1 stauSlsap puu slollpnP lo+

,{1!unpoddo oqI 'alq'lrP^P lou sr slolrpnP eql q}l^ uotl'lrunuruof ueq' {;;erradsa

- ,lUeU[UOf patuJo]ulun, lo ,l'llslflllll, sP suollepuauulofal IpnP aes pue ,nnanal laed'

;olnpnnl aq ol srauSlsep ro+ PrnlPu sr11 'u31sap (la+Ps) leilaq P do;anap slau8tsap

eq1 dlaq ol qof ,slollpne aqt sl ll 'slo]lpnP pue s:au8tsap uaemlaq uolleflunuuof,

poofi pue poddel poofi e st oo+ os lnq 'luepodrlJl sl slollpne +o aluepuadapul .

:passassPalelols,trJPelllpnPaqlpuPpalallPaleMselnpeloJdoseqlr!pa^3lqlerauaq eq plnol llpnP ,{1a;es peor }o slr}euaq aql la^a^ oH 'slql op o11q8nos aneq {aq1

1nq1 poo8 sg 11 Ilgg;qgsuodsa.r 1o saull pue selnparo;d leell lno las seq {uedr'uor eq1

zarilofla^o aq sualqold asoq] lqSlru /\\oH

'ensue sluaurn8lY 'ells aql 1P

lueuuornue lr#p;l eql ut e+esun lou sl 1l ;ea; {;urrr; rieql 'slolpne aqi {q pooplapunslul

ueaq spq u81sap lraql leql lasdn ale tauSlsap aql lnq 'suollPpuauuolal llpns lP

alelodlorur o1 sreuSrsep aq1 arrnbar uorlesrueS;o eql ulqllM Salnparo;d llpne eqf

',pa8ueqr aq Fnu u8tsaP eql PUP

snora8uep st, {eq snq 3 ruoi} rl#e;l aql lalua-el lllM sasnq {ent aq1 }Pql uallpm seq

upal ltpnp eql ,auaqls {1uoud snq ,{1rr leuut uP lo} eueqls e uo podal llpne up ul

.]!pne rfie;es peoJ ̂ue ut letluassa st uolleflunLuuof lealf, 'pooD

s8u I puelslapunslu 8u !plo^V

Page 26: Highway Safety Handbook

BL

Page 27: Highway Safety Handbook

6L llpne ̂]aJes peor ol punorS)le8

'f oder +rpnp oql +o lua+uollleuioj aql pu? paMolloJ eq ol ssarojd llpne aLl] 'pellalas

ere rolrpne Moq 'speford uStsap azls lusre;Jlp lo, sro]lpnP +o laqurnu aq+ 'sro]lpne +o elua

-uedxe pup sllr)s pernber aql 's+tpne +o ̂luonbari eLll :s+lpne {1eles peor q}lM uo4lauuol

ut pelledxa sl lpqm elp+s osJe upl se;npo)old eluprnsse {1rpnb s,uollestueSro uStsep peor V

'sreuolsnf ernln+ s,ppor aq+ +o lr+auaq eq+ roj lndul aq ol all^pP SutlaautSue llarLespeor luepuodapur lruurad o1 'lq8nos sr uStsep aqt +o +rpnP {1a;es peor luapuedapul uP'sa8p+s le'oS )sel oql o+ eluauadxa pue s11t>1s Sutraeur8ua l1a;es pPor Ful^ldd€ lou sl

,{lqeqo.rd lr pup (}uepuadapul}ou s,}t) ,se^a }o rl€d qsor+, P 9}lm euop }ou sr}lesnelaq

,3ur1rpne {lartes peor, lou st +ueLrssasse }las srql'slradse {lartes 3ut4:eLll sapnllul3ur1:aqr re;n8ar srll-L ')UoM umo leql +o sltelap aq1 3ur>;:aq: Apep?et pue sernpa:ordpaqsllqplsa Suranol;orr ,{q sanbruq:e} aluPrnssP rilrlenb ,ildde {aq1 'peu e uFtsap

uorlesrue8ro parnsse {1l;enb e ur eldoad se '{ep qrel fueluaLueldLuor ale s1lpnP

{1a;es peor pup aluprnsse ftr;enb )aq1o eq1 ro} paau aq1 Surle8au euo uPq} reqlPU

'aull lsrleq1 lq8u 11 3urpa9

se)plsr.u rame+ e)eur sresn ppol aqt leql pue suado lt eluo ,eutl lsll+ aq1 1q8u, saleladoppo,t eq] arnsue ol )aas slrpnp :+uaredde sl slrpne {1a,tes peol q}lM riltleltLuts aql'por &essa:euun ro eurl pelspm +noL.l+tM pala;dLuor sl )roM +Pqt os lauou {;qela;eldpup) sa1elsrlu re^ aj o)Etu eldoad a^PL.l o] st antl:afqo eq1 'da1s qlPa lP puP )selqrpa q+rM eruprnsse l1r;enb +o elueql 3ur{;.rapun aql sr ,eut} lsrl} eq} }Ll8U +l 3urpa3,

'1rpne rilales Peo.r qFnorql

ir8rsep oql o:IUr esrpadxa Suuaaut8ua X1a1es peo.r lndur o1 sr slralo;d lu;erl Jo pPor

Mau ]o uorleluaua;dur pup uBrsap eql roj ernperord eluelnsse firlenb aql jo Ued

'lrelord lueulse^ut {uB ut taLuo+snl puP }u3llleql ol uor]lelord;o la^al p aprnord sarnpa:ord eluernssp fir;en6 lerrl a;e sprepuelspaar8e lpql arnsue o1 pau8rsap salnpa:otd +o las e +o uot+PSlue8ro s,raptnold aq1 ut

uorleluaua;dlul aql Iq euop sl slLl1 aurtl Lllea )leql o] Sutneq +u3lll ro reruo+snl aql

lnoqlrm'sefr^res ro spooS asoql +o fil;enb eql lnoq€ +uelll ro Jeruolsnl elll salnsse

Sef tnlas to spoo8 1o taptno;d aqi qlqm ut ssa:otd lueiua8eueiu P sl sluelnsse l1r;en6

of ueJnsse ,hllenbpue ]lpne ufia;es peou

Page 28: Highway Safety Handbook

'uo!s!llol e u! ep!qe^E elJeld ol llPr Io uolpas P esnPf, ro eplqe^ E SEusplnoJ sFlI 'r{unn tuorrrn aq1 de;,rano s1u;o[ ;lerp.reng

'srua;qord {1a;es 3urano11o; eq} pelpa^ar lrpny Suruado-erd V'ppor paprnrp Surprxa up pup {eanaar;8ut1stxa eql uaamlaq >1ut; ,{erura8euler

a;3urs e alecr;dnp o1 sr e8els pur+ aqf 'sa8ep ul lllnq uaaq spLl 1ut; {emael,t y

Page 29: Highway Safety Handbook

LZ lrpne ̂la]es peor o] punor8)leg

,{q palepueLu +ou sr pup Ilrroqlne peor lenpt^tput eq} o} Uel sl LUro+ }PqM ul pue

lrpne Ilarres peor ldope ol rellloqm uotstlsp aql 'pouolluauu ,{;;ectltreds 1ou sl +lpnellarLes peor 'aut1 luasard aLll lV

'uor1e;sr8a1 +eql of luenslnd epetu suollelnSa; ,iqpue uorle;sr8e; {q pa;;orluol orp etlerlsnv ut set}tloq+nP peor +o sol+np pue sramod aqf

'puepez MaN ut sleumo {yadord 1ue:e[pe pue'slasnppor ol a8euep lpedord ro; se8euep ,Lo &anorar aq1 urenoS lltp etler+snv ur I1t;tqet;

urano8 qrrq,rn seldr:uud aq1 {1a,tes peot +o sseueleme Surualq8teq ul M'el eq} }o esn

eql peuessal eneq {eu }nq '}uepolp up +o +lnsal e sp uor+esuaduoc antela; oqm suosled

,to a8eluared eq1 peuapeotq ,{;qetaprsuor ,{Bnn stql ul seq puepaz,rnap ,tn[ur aql posnP]

lpql uor+esrue8rc rc uosred oql ens 1ou {euu leq}ouP }o +lne+ eq1 q8norql uana 'funful

;euos;ad p sre#ns oqm lenpr^rpur up pup ',{1t;rqrsuodsar {ltunuuuor e se pepreSa; st funlut

;euosred pueYaz MaN ul EtPrlsnv u! +eql o1+sPrluol )rels ul sl puPleaz M0N ul uol+Pn]lsp8ep aq1 ;e;nrrped u1 'sa;drruud leltuts {q paurano8 aq plnom uol+enlls aq1 Sulunsseur pasn eq plnolls uoqnpl pu'e ptp4snv ul +Pq1 Luor; {;palleuu fuen ,{euu ataqnnas;auorlrsod p8al aql 'pppue3 'a;dLuexa ro+ 'q+Famuor.ul'uo) qsquB aql lnoq8norqlpa)eqs u{1Je.raue8 uoqpul e-pue13u1 ul puP PllPjlsnv ul q+oq sluaLudo;anap uodnpeseq erp se;dtruud ;ereue8 eqf ''etprlsnv ro+ uoqpnlls p3e1 aq1 saqulsep laldeqr srql

'pa^loAur sansst ;e3e;eLll ol srepper asr]rsues o] popua+ur sr raldeqr srqf '+rpne {1a1es peor;o suotlertldut

le8a1 eql ute;dxa ol pu? 'rttllqBtt Swttntut,o )st; aql eslulluttu o+ Moq o1 se artnpe ent8

ol suor+lun+ Mpl uotutuol eq+ qlrqM ut {enn aqi lq8tlq8tq o+ papuelul st raldeq: stql

'lsuolotu parnlur aq1 o1,Quoqlnp ppor aql LUor+ pred aq o1 pa;epro sl uotlesuaduuoluoql 'auop onpq p;nonn {1uoq}ne pPor elqeuosee; P qllqM Sutqlauuos op olpaflp, spq Jo 'euop e^pq lou plnom {lrroqine ppor alqeuospar p Lllr;m Surqlauos auop

seq ,fuoqlne peoj e +eLl] Moqs ol elqP sl resn peor parn[ul eql ueqM 'erP] +o prPpue]s

papadxa eql Moleq 3urllert osle euoauos +o llnser e se parnlut ueeq e^eq {eq1 1eq1Moqs upr oqm slesn ppol asoql o1 uorlesuaduuor aptnord ol sr 'turp ,{reuud aq1 sdeqled'ea;e srql ur Mel aq+ +o ture loqlouv 'uorldope peatdsepr,rn s1r e8ernorue pue +tpneAleSes peot rto ssaro;d aq+ ro esn pue luaudola^ep aq+ pneldde lllm MPI eqi erola;eql'lla#a luara+ap ;eraua8 p a^pq o1 palredxe st 'sa8euuep ,{ed o1 Sutneq plo^e ol pue'ftnfur prone ol alsep aq1 arnln; eql ur rnor^pqeq raql {1poLu ol raop8uornn oql esne]

o1 pelredxe st stql later +o prppup+s pattnbar oql Molaq uelle+ seq qrrqnn IluoqlnP peolp lo re^up e lsure8e sa8eLuep Surpreme ,{q ,{1a1es seqouord Mpl uotutuol eqf 'Pere

srqlur^eleql+osenrllalqoaqts;a;;e.redsrqf '+ueuiuolnuopeor )e+esealouotdolpue{lartes 1o sseualpme ue ualq8req o} umoqs ueeq seq lrpne ,{1a1es peoi }o sserord aq1

'aroq pauruexo sl

lpql Mpl aq1 1o 1:adse re;nrtped slq+ sl 1l 'arpr lo plPpuels partnbar aq+ Moleq lP+ ieql

sol+lroLllne peot lsure8e pue s;a^t;p 1surc?e peo; eql uo patn[ut suoslad o1 sa8eulepsprpme 'saspl pepoep qFnolql saSpn[ {q apeuu MPI aql 'e't 'MPl uotuLuo] eql 'salnr

ppol alplor^ oqm esoql Jo+ lueuuosuduur pue seur+ +o uua1s,{s e seqursard Mel lputurtrfoqf 's+run

lpluaurureno8 esoql ut stannod pue set+np qloq seleoll +l :lualuulano8 lero;pue ser+uoqlne peor lerluel uaeMloq ,{1r;rqrsuodsar salPlollP 1t

'uot1e;st8a1 qSnolql'sppor eLll uo suorsrllol s+la#p lpql rnorneqaq o1 pre8ar qltm selor {ueLl s{e;d Mel eql

uorlf nporlul L'v

SANSS I1e8a1

Page 30: Highway Safety Handbook

'ou sl JeMsuP aql e^+lllqPll ol elnsodxeslr elnpai ol ^la)rl aq +rpnp Ila,Les peor ldope o1 slre] +plll lluoqlne eq+ lllM .

'ou srremsup eq1 i{lrJrqer; saleat8 e o1 pasodxa aq{1uoq1neaq}lll^ '1rpne{lartes pec''l1;o ssaco.tdaqlldopeo+sltP+r{1ttoq1ne pec.le+l .

'sa{ streansue aq1 a{1t;tqe1J+o )su slr ernpar o1 {1a1r; oq sltpne ,{1a1es peor so)ppepun 1eq1 Iluoqlne oq} lllM .

ou sl remsue eq1 2luaseld lp upr..ll ,i+lllqel nqeat8 e ol Lueql

ldope 1e4 seqrroq+ne asoql asodxe sltpnp ,{lerres peol ;o Surlepapun eLll lltM .';aldeqr aql urJe+el umoqs

eq lllm se 'uor1n?l auos Ljlrm pepuep€ aq plnoqs sJamsu? ,ou, pu€ ,sa{, alduts aq1qFnoql paure;dxa olp lpne ,{1a1es peor ,Lo ssarotd aqi to uotldope-uou to uotldopeeql +o suorlerrldurt le8al {1e1t1 eqf 'set}t^t+le utppal alp1topun ol +ou Jo ral{+eqm8u;ploap ur sorluoq+np peu )o+ rope] luppodLul ue sreadde ,{+1tqB1 rort Jerluelod aq1

'seqsPD P?or

esnEr q]|qM srollEleql ql!/v1 sa^lesueqlure)uof, Mel lo silno)

paleururle uaaq aAPq plnol suolllpuol qlnsqr;qm Iq spoqleu eql upq+;aq1er 'a8euupp aql ol pelnqr4uor ro pasnel +eq} suol+lpuooSurlerado eql q+lm peuraluot eq lllm Unol eq1 'peor jto tlllal+s teJncrped ,{ue uopepnpuor uaaq ppq lrpne I1a1es peo; p leq+eql raplsuol plnom Unol B +Ptl+ lensnun eqplnoM +l 'sar+uoqlnP pPoi aql - sf adxe eql ol palpeLuer puP pare^olslp aq ol olP elll eqlpue uorlelouelep 'suoqlnllsqo 'peol eql uo spr?zeq qrtqnn {q poq}aLu eLl} so^eel M?laq1 '{lertes

rro le^al alqpuoseer p qll^ rasn oq} aprnord uel speol Jno qltqM {q spoqleurpra^as a;e eraql lpql e;eme epplU oq llrm sfnol 'lLleLuuoltnuo peor eql o1 pte8atq+rM 'esoql

+o uorlpurquor {ue Jo 'alltqe^ aq1 '1ueu;uolt^ue peo; lnotneqaq lantlp3u1pn;rur 'soqsprl peoi asnpl lpq+ eollp+ aql qll/!\ sanlasuaql urefuof, Mel +o sfno)'qsprl aq+ +o eultl aq+ le pPor eql +o elPls aql ql/vi poujaluol ere ellPJlsnv +o spnor aql

peor oql Jo elels (,'v

'ra11e {eLu suorlerrldut 1e8a1oql '+rpnp ,{1e,res peol e o1 pefqns ueeq aneq Lllrqm ppol +o seq)lar+s uo suotslllosernlea+ qllLlM osue sesEf, sP pue poolsropun lenaq pue pParosoplM alou sauoleqssa:ord eql sV 'perp srql urano8 Ll)rqm Mel ;o se;dtruud lereua8 pellstlqelsa lleMuodn paseq apeu aq uel ssero;d aql lperl llrm Mel aq1 {em eq} }noqe suotptpetd'ssaleqleuoN 'urFuo luale; {;anr1e;e.r +o sr ssolo;d aq1 se Sutsudtns +ou st stql'Mel

,ro pnol uprler+snv ue ur palsa+ uaaq 1al lou spq lrpne ,{lartes peol +o sserord aq1

'r{1uoq1ne peol

re;ncrped e uo pasodur ,{1np e ueql relller ualeuepun aq ,{euu qcrqnn ta,rnod P st ltpnPfia;es peor ;o ssarord otll +o uorldope aLll lpql eunss? 1;rivr laldeql srql 'luaLuerlled

Page 31: Highway Safety Handbook

EZ lrpne ̂tares peor o] punolS)reB

aq plnoqs s;ollp,t lplrltlod ro lpoos '1sor

;o srailPu Iq palelrrp ale l?q+ setluoq+nerr;qnd ,to suolsoap 1eq1 se8pe;moulre ftoeql aqI 'utepalun sl MPI uellPrlsnVut alor slt pup Surdolanep ,{;luarar I;uo ere Mel +o parp stq} }o s+1.!tl pue suotsueultpaLll 'serluoq+np peor lsnf 1ou

's1tun le+ueuule^o8 ;;e slrelold oulrllop slql

suorspop {rr1o4 11;

',suorsnop ,{rr;od, ro+ alnr sltll ol uotlda:xe uP 'raneMoq'sr eraql 'arPl

Jto prPpuP+s elqPuoseer P osllrexe o+ llP] ,{eq+ }l ,{+lllqell rnrut {;uo

lpnn {aq1 :alqerl pleq aq Mou plnoM set}uoqlne peor }Pq} ueeu }ou plp eluesea+uou

+o uorlrloqp aql i?ql luau-ra8pnl sll ut pastseqdLua pno3 qSlH aql 'salJt;oq+ne pPoJ

ro] erupsee+uou +o elualap eq+ peqstloqe Ptlerlsnv +o +rnof qSlH aq+ LOOZ AeW ,tug 'arue8r;8eu ro+ uorlnrasord uuot,t {1runr-uut uP po+uer8 sBnn 'ele+lns p'eol aql ulssauue^eun ro se;oq1od utFurl;nsel'eut+ pue alnleu rto salro+ aq1 q8nolql elelotlelepo+ p'eor p pamollp ,{;durs pue uor}lp ou )oo} 1eq1 ,{1uoq1ne peor y 'Sutqleuos

op o+ arnlle+ rlaq+ 'e't 'efupsea+uou +o spunot8 oql uo seqt;oq+ne peot uo Aluo

{lrunLuur ;eoeds pere}uol Mpl aq+ '{;1ua:er ;;1u1-1

'patnfut sPM resn pPor aq+ qrlqm

uodn peor p peurelurptu lo pallnllsuol ro pauueld seq luepualap e sP pouleu sl Llllq,tnIluoqlne peor aql uoqM pepoluol eq lltM elel 1o {1np P 'saf uP}sul +sotu ul 'sresn puPl

Sururofpe pue'supulsaped'sra8uessed's1sr;rr{r'sla^trp Sutpnlrut slesn pPoJ o+ olPl

,ro,{1np p seMo {1rroq1ne peor eq}'snqI'osle ouoaLuos lreJJP o1 {;e4t; are suolsslLUoro s+le r3q+ leql oasero+ plnoqs oqm auor{ue uodn eler 1o {1np B sasodtut Mel eqt

I

aref ]o Alnc

'par+srles sr rno+ aq+ +o q)ee +Pql'lueurell aq1 uodn 3ur1p1 uaprnq eql qllm '+ou u'eql {1e>1r; erouu leedde ol e^eq llrM ll

'pernlro a8euep 17;pue'aBewep pesnel qlparq eql :uotlusnel (t)'erP)

+o prepuPls aql +o qleerq P seM eraql (z)'arpl

+o {1np e sPM sraq+ ( t):MOqS Ol AAPq

lll/ tuPrurPll oql '+uPpuarap aLll o+ lupl.urell aq+ uol,t peulLls aq o] ssol eq+ roJt reprout pat+st+ps are s+uauele rno+ lpq+ unol oq+ o1 elerlsuol.uep ol a^Pq lll/!\ luPl.ulPll aqf

'speor rno uo suolslllol ;o ,{lUenespue eluepDur eql alnper ,{;enrpe;rte +sol.! uel oq,vr 3ur1se ,{q ua1e1 {;;ensn sl uolslsapeql 'serpoq lueLuureno8

'{es 'o1 pa}nqrrpp eq plnoqs ,{aq1 reqlaqnn ro s}sol esoLl}

reaq plnoqs so^lasureq+ sresn pPor reqtaq^ esooql o+ e^Pq lll^ 'slsltlrouora,{q paprnS

'sa8pnf q8noql 'peol eql uo rnslo qltqM seqsp;l ,to ]sol eql epnllul pPor e +o s+so3a+rl eloqM aqI 'peo; e ro+ lsol e+rl aloqM lomolp salouord lrpne I1e1es pPol leql ples

sr 1; 'aruaSr;8au sr pa^lo^u! Uol rplnltped aq1 '(r{poq lueuurano8 e {;;ensn; peor eLll

ro4 alqrsuodse; uorlestueS;o eqt pup Jasn ppo; e 'af,ue+sut stql ul .Jo Jeqloue pue lesnpPor euo ueeMlaq re+1eu MPI ll^ll P sl ll leLl+Pl +nq MPI leulullrl +o le+lPl.u e lou sl ll'Uol sl pernfur uosred e o1 sa8euep ,to Surprenn? eLl] slolluol tlttqm Mel +o ealP eql

arua8rlSau;o 1ro1 t'V

'+ou ro alqeuosEar sr peor eql uo ,{lartes ,to lo^ol lPql jeqtaqM

uo e+prlualuol llrM Iaql lpenarql? sr ppor eql ,to e+P+s oql qlrqM {q poqlaLu oq} qllMpouroluolun eq llliv\ {aq1 'spnor eql }o epn+t+1e {;e1tp aql rtrt}uol enoqp sreMsue eq1

Page 32: Highway Safety Handbook

VZ

'+uptrrell eql Iq pera#ns finful eq1 ol pelnqtrluol{gleualeLu o^eq o+ prps uaoq anpq plno) luepue}ap eql ,o uot}leul eql lo uoqleaql raq+oLlM sl MPI aq+ ro+ uollsenb eql 'uol+esnel sl pallslles aq o+ luauala prlq+ eql

uorlesneJ

'fiel1uor aq1o+ oluaprna aprnold o1 uodn pe;;er {;Surseorf,ut Mou a;e satltroq+n? pPoU '+uepllle

uP ol palnqu+uol lueuuojlnue pPol eql +eq+ 'sesseulr,rn pedxe qSnolql 'anold o1

+uprurpll eql ro+ rerspe lr epeLu spq uotllnllsuole; pue uolle8tpanul ]uaplllP pellele6

'eptsfulunor eq1 r{;tlneaq o} senros or!t} eues aql }e }nq pr€zeq aplspeolp elperl {eu,r eprspeo; eql uo uotlela8an req}o lo seel+ }o esn eql lalaq lueutruoldaq IeLu sro+lp+ le+uauuornul

'1:edLur ,to {luanas eq1 Sutuassal +o elueuodut eq1

+o esnpleq alBpdordde aq o11q8noq1 aq {eu }r olueleq uo +nq lattteq eql sllq allrqe^e uaqM +uepolp up +o esnet oql aq ;;am {euu peol oq} 3uo;e s;atr;eq llartes Surpnd seqlns ser+uoqlnp ppor Aq uale1 se;nseeu euos 'elqeuoseel sl +eqm aulule+ep o1 laplour pareprsuol oq plnoqs lell+ srollel ,llos, lo ;etros {ue elP eleq} reqleqm Jeplsuolo+ sr paLllearq uoaq seq orel +o plppue+s aql Jaqlaqm 8ur:ue;eq ut Jolle+ PUIJt eql

uorlesrluoud +o pup elueruenuof,ur ,Lo ]unollp se)el seutleuos

lnq srEllop ur parns?au ,{11ensn sl }so) 'uj?q eql 3u11uane.rd }o lsol eq} sl eluPPq eLl}

+o aprs raq+o eql uO 'ue)el aq plnoqs qlrql uotlnerard ;o aatSap aq+ salellpul {1rnel3sll pue >lsu eq+ ;o epnlru8eu eql L(+trc]c+ a;dr1;nuu e ro ]uopllle {1;enser snol;ose arnpord o1 I;e1r; +r sr ro 'a8eLuep ,{padord routu {;atau eq lllM etaql 1eq1 {Jalt;

+r sl 'lslr aql ;o l1;nel8 aq1 sr raprsuol o+ luaurale puoles aq1 rollP eq+ ̂q pesllrexe

aq lsnur erer raleer8 eq+ 'luapolp up +o ontllnpold aq ol st uotlenlts e ,{;a1t; aroLueLl+ tPq] z{es ol esues uor.ur.uol sesn {;areuu leq}el lnq sulel lell}euq+uP ul pooqlla)lleq] elplnrlpr o1 1dLua11e +ou saop +rnol aqf 'Suglnr:o

luePtlle uP lo pootlllel!l aqlsr +ueurala lsr+ aqt 'alqPuosealun ro olqeuosPal sPM +uPpuelep eql +o lrP eql reqleqMaururo+op ol sroll'e+ urppel seluplpq '{em

;eLulo;ut uP ul 'Unol aqf 'olqeuosPe;Un

erem suorlle s+r reqleqm ro reuupu elqeuoseel P ut pape {1uoq}ne ue laq+aq^sr Unol eq+ ro, enssr aql '{poq fto1n1p}s € tloJ+ sa8eLuep re^oler uP3 }uPLulell ? +ouro JaqlaqM papoop sr lr qlrqM uo punot8a;++Pq aql ,i;JerauaF st eref +o prPpuels aqI

aref ]o plepuels

'uolsllap ,{or;od e +o slseq oql uo {1r.roq1ne pPor p o1{ltunuuit peluerS

seq luauue8pnI uer;erlsny ou olpp o1 'uotlsenb ut +]tl]stp )o eue aql +o {1erl1ua eq1rort uorleor;dde Jeraua8 1o sr 1 llda>1 ele salnutul alaqM epua8e u? qllm Sutlaau lBLUroip lp epeu sr 1 i;euorssa;ord e ,{q upq} reqler 'PtlUJo palurodde Jo pallale ,{1;ert1l;od e{q {lle.reua8 '1ana; qFrq p lp apPur sr ,{rr;od 'uteuelun elP suotstf,ep {rrJod ,to sro}Pllpul

llexa oq] epql4 'lluoqlnp aql o+ alqplrpne ta8uo; ou st {ltunuLur fut;od pellel-os

aq1 '{llue8rg8au {lrnrpe }pq} }no saurpf, uaql 'r{1tnt1re utepal P a>le+ropun o} papllep

Surneq '{1uoq1ne lplol p }l 'pupq reL{}o eq} uO 'lluesorres eq o+ lq8noql sr raqlouP

o] euou ro ssel pue elr^res Jo eue auo ol ejoru elo^ep o1 ,{1uoq1ne lPlol P ,{q uorsrrap{:rlod y 'salrnros {ltunuuuor loqlo pue q+leaq 'uot+ladsul Surp;rnq 'seqlerl 'selJPrqll'e8eurelp 'speo; uaean+eq sellnosol e+e3olle o1 uodn pallel aq {euu ;truno: JerolV 'stuoorunor reql ur se8pnf eql ueql reqlpr xoq +olleq aq+ lp srolo^ aLlt ̂q paprlep

Page 33: Highway Safety Handbook

.uttsep

Iervree.r; ueqrn u? lorollpnv rogua5 eq1 3u;aq

lnoqe lu?llsaq eq rspPor

lErnr ur seg; aslyedxarno{ p :eruerladxa pue

arualaduror rno{;osllull aql lo are^ ? ag

tlpne ,{1e;es peor ot punorSlceg

'{rBssareu +r

'suorllarol qlnsrort Surpun; +o el;nos aql pup uotllalol +o sueeu eq1 SurI,toads 'apeLu oq plnoqs

rap;o dn-nnollo+ e 'luorp alll Iq pelde:re are ,{aq1 uaqM '+uerp eq} {q peldale aq{JelerpaLuLur plnoqs lrpnp up +o uor+ppuotuuorar ,tana to Surpur; fuana 1eq1 paledlrtlue

lou sr +l '8ur1um ur poproler aq lplls Sutputrt P uo peqleel uotstlap qrel '+uelll eq+

{q pareprsuor {1;nle;er eq plnoLls 'appu ueaq aneq {euu }eLl+ suot+Ppueuuuo:at {uBqlrnn raq1e3o1 's8urpur,t esoql ',{1uoq+np ppor eql to ra8eupLu llefold eq1 {1;ensn '1uer1t

aqt ol perepual sr lpq+ podar uellum e ut peprolar eq plnoqs +tpne ue ;o sFutpurrt eql

suorlepuoLuLuolar ro sSulpu!J ]!pne 3ullralex 9'v

'sparp snouen ut acueuedxe pue arualaduuoc lno{ 1o slr.url eql +o aIPMP aq '{;.re;lLur5'rupe+ lrpne uP peel{ o} olqP lee+ uoq} uosreo oq+ plnoqs sllpnP }o raqurnu }uol)|J]nse ur Surledrrrped rege ,{;ug 'rolrpnp rotues e u{q pasrntadns uueel ltpne u? ulqllm

)roM plnoqs slcefo;d ro sels +o slrpnp ]slt+ leq+ 3ur>lepapun sro+tpne 1eq1 pa1se88nssr +l

'e)uo+odLuor req ro srq puor{aq eere ue ur ueal +rpnp up peel o} sa)e+lepunoqm uosrad e req+el +nq lrpnp popnpuol ,{;1ua8rl3eu e +ou st ta8uep {Je>1t; aq1

'suref,uof, I1a;es rano:srp o1 qrpnP aq1 ,to s8urpu4eq1 uodn porlar +r leql srspq eq] uo uorle8tlt; eq+ ol roltpnp a;qtsuodsat eql ro ueel

+rpne aql Surppe reprsuol p;no: {1uoq1n? peor }uppuerep eLl+ leqt {;e>1r; sr 11 'uorlsenb

ur peor eq] +o atupuelurptu ro lueuua8eueLU'uor+fnllsuol eql lo+ e;qrsuodsatro lcalord aq+ ro+ a;qrsuodsar Iluoqlne ppor eLl+ lsute8e utPll plnom Jasn peol patnfutaql'oupuols p qlns ul )o+rpnp aq1 uodn pasodrut ltltqel aq plnol araql leql alqtssodsr 1r

'{;qeuosear 3ur1re rolrpne ue }o erel +o prepup}s eq} Molaq 1lert {eq1 ,t; 'I;qeuoseer

trp lllM LUpe+ lrpnp aq+ +eql st uotlelradxa oq1 '+rpne {aql leql pefotd )o peor Aue SoIlartes eq1 +o sJoluerpnF 1ou a;e sJo+rpnV '+uopr)lp ue +o +lnsel e se fin[ut ue +o esnP]oq+ sr relpl qlrqm Luelqord ,{lartes ? +relap ol slte+ upa+ llpn? oql pue peo; Sutlstxa

+o qllerls re;nrrped p uo lo lralord p uo pe+lnpuol sr llpne ue leq+ asoddns sn +ale+lpnP ue Jo +lnpuor eql rol elqell pleq eq uPe+ llpne up ro lo+lpnP lPnpl^lpul uP uP)

llpne ue Jo ]fnpuof aL{} tuolJ Sulst"|e ,ttllqelt v'v

rasn puel Sururofpe ro rasn ppor alll {q pale;rtnse8euep ,{yadord pue saun[ur Jerrs,{qd

'sot+tlp}p} opnl]ut plnoM a8euep pastuSorar'seqsprl ppor ul 'nnel {q pastuSorar sl lpq} adr{1 e 1o a8eLuep st luetpalSut leut} aql

a8erueg

Page 34: Highway Safety Handbook

9Z

'{1r;enluena 1eq1 rorL ueJdol ^ ou ur8aq ;;ua sor+uoq+ne luepnrd 'erua8t;3au

+o e)uept^a eln+tlsuol ;;tnn a;:{:a,trl ppo; eqt +o sa8els 1;e Suunp sltpnp ]lnpuol ol ernlte+ aql ern+n, aq1 ut sdeqra4'speor eq+ uo ,{larres elqPuoseer aprnord 01 Moq auluralap o1 Iluoqlne peol oq} o+

l+alsl+l 'I;1uasar4 'parru:ads aq,{eLu s8urpull}tpne ol sesuodsa; +o uotle}ueunlop pue

saurpr+ aurl 'sornparord lrpne {lertes peo.r utPpel ,to uorldope ,fiolepueLu epnllut llemIeuu uorle;sr8a; 'pasrlce;d,{laprnn erou seLuoleq +tpne llartes peor,to sse:old aq} sV

arnlnJ aql l'v

'1a1rod radaep eq+ q+lmz{1uoq1ne ppo; aqt {;;eraua8 sr +uppue+ap a;qere,tatd aLi+ 'paueu aq plnol ra{o;duuapue ee,{o;dLue lPnpr^rpur oql q}oq allqM'osPl ql'eo ul rajnsul }las e sP pe+lP Jo re^olafuernsur pa8uere Joq+ro onpq llrM qltqM {1uoq1ne eq+ s! paLuPu eq ol }uBpua+epl;a1r; aq1 'pred aq ;;rm lueuuaSpnf s1r 1eq1 urefel aq ol sluem +ueurel3 aql asnelag'aer{o;dLua slr +o suorlle eql ro+ lloM sp a;qer; ,{;snouelt^ aq ;;1,rn ,{1uoq1ne aq1 'Iltloqlne

peoJ e,{q lueLur{o;dua s,uos;ad +pq+ +o osrnof, eq1 Suunp ua)P} sPM uolllPul ro uoll)P

+pql +l 'qsell peol e ut pern[ut ]uptrttpll p o] ]uPpuertap 1et1ua1od P st elqPuoseelun

uooq enpq o1 pe8a;;e sr qlrqM uotssttuo ro llP eq+ rort aJqtsuodse; st oqm uoslad aq1

A]l l lqe!l snorrerlA g' V

'+lLureo spun+ ueqM pue sP .

ro 'poued le8pnq luernl oql urq+rM .

'a+Prpauur .

:sp qlns uorlplr,rssell Aluoud p UoM aq1 o1 SuruSrsse reptsuol 'uotlualle altnbal saopSurpur; Mer^er ro +rpnp re;nrrped e ,t; 'are;d ualpl spq qsert aq+ ro++P suol+Pltltlsnf ueqlreqle; 'lrpne aq1 o1 Surpuodsar 1o eutl eql lP euop puP ptes sPM +PqM rto aruestuSorralear8 o)pl llrm fiuoqlne peu e +o suoqleur ro suor]lp eql Sulme!^er hnl pue a8pnf roa8pnf y 'uorle8rlt;

;tntr Suunp s+ueunlop ,to fuano:srp oq+ Jo uot+Ptulo+ut +o Luopaal+ +ouorleredo aq1 q8norql ppo; pe+rpne aql uo finlut sre;rtns oqnn se8euuep lol luPulell ̂uPo+ elqelre^B eruolaq ;;rm podar +rpnp up o1 esuodser e 1eq1{;e4t; sr +l 'uot}le

+o esrnolpapuauuolar oql +ueue;dtrr ,{;elerpaulur +ou ro 1r I,trpoLu 'r{;a1a;dr-uor

1r lsure8e eptlapol luerlJ eq+ pal leLll suos?e; aq+ pup 1r 1da:re o+ lou uotst)ep oql q+oq plolar luotlleql lpql luepodur sr 1r

'paldalp lou sr uorlepuauuof,ar ro Sutputrt 1;oder 11pne ue 11

Page 35: Highway Safety Handbook

lrpne ,4laJes peoJ ot punojS)le8

'sor.!eqls peoJ +o slsol 3,tll aloqM pelnpar .'s)roMleu pPor reles .

'uor+lnper ,{luenes LlsPrl pup uol+ue^ard luaplllP q8nolql s{eanqStq Meu la+es .

:apnllur {aq1 salrr;od {lartes a+Brodlol +o +uaualuPLlue sP pPorq sP s8urql o} uSlsep eur sluaura^ordur parrp snol^qo arou aql uol+ 33uer +lpnp ̂lelPs pPoJ +o s+lleueq aqf

sluouoq aqf (,'9

'uolllesralu! ulralul aql lo lsol uoll)nllsuof, eql lo uolllsll lleus ? uooq e^eq

plnom urpal lrpnp peruerradxe uB,(q 11pne ue ro lsol aql'seqse/l aql ro lsol aql Suueplsuol

ue^o lnoqllM 'lnoqppunor ? eI!l ll lpell plno/v\ sle^ttp euos esnef,eq 'soqserl ol puel o1 {1e1;1

pue alul.rdorddeut senn luaulesJl pasodord aql l?tll sreu8gsep eql pesl^Pe e^?q plnol uuel

llpne peluelJadxe ue ruelepepun ueeq u81sep uluelut eql lo llpne rQe;es puot e peg '1re[old

rleql rosuo11er11dur eql !o ieMeun aJaM slauBrsap eql pq te!Fee s.reaI nne; P elsqMesle

lllnq ,lueurlPorl u€rPeu ePlM, Jotlloue lE (pa^los uoeq PuP) pellnf,lo peq sua;qotd qse"r:

rellurs '1o1oqd re/'Aol) e8uptpralur peleredes epe.r8 eql lo uolllnllsuol slue^pe ol epetu sEM

uolsllop p pue uelqoJd eq1 1;eq ol pell"l aseql 'seSueql lsol-Mol laqlo pue 3u;u31s ,o sapes

e paldruord pue peuado peoJ eql rellp uoos ue8eq saqser) 'peol Pepl^lP rrneu loluu e uo

lueurlearl ulelul uE sp pellelsul s?M (oloqd teddnl ,luaulEeJl uollf,oslelul uslpeu eplM, aqI

'aLull uSlsap +uPpunpej 'o +unouP luenbesuol aq]puP por+rluepr ere ̂aq+ sselold u8rsap eq1 ul {;rea Moq uo spuadep sallPnbepPul ^uP

3ur{,uper +o lsol allf llpLrts olrnb ̂llensn st +sol lrelord le+o} ul eseerlul eql 'silelord

)ehel )o+ slsol uorl'eluau-re;dLur lPlol +o y"9 of %g +o repro aq+ ul aq uPl slsor uFrsap

sV'(slrefoidrourru uoraq8rq aq plnol e?eluetted aql q8noq]le) slsol u8rsep ppor aql

+o %V ueql ssel ol luele^tnba eq {er-u stqf pelold peor rofeu P ro] e3e]s rad arouuro srellop puesnoql uol ol (e8pls u8rsap ouo ]P 1ralord ]UJPr] routr.tr P +o llpnP uos;ad-auo p ro+) srPllop puPsnoql e ueql ssel uor,t aSuer uer lrpne ,{1a1es pPol P +o }sol eqf

suSrsap Sultlpne ]o ]so] L'g

sllJauaq pue slsof

Page 36: Highway Safety Handbook

'ryom+eu peor ro palord pasodord eq+ +o e)upturo+rad ,{1e1es eq1ur eluepr+uor qllm reu^ o lasseTrau8tsep eql Surprnord ur sr{e;d lrpne eql elor eql .

pue :#Pls

;euorlerado +o sseue;eme {lartes peor ;ereue8 aq1 Surnordur ur sr{e;d lrpne eqt alor eq+ .

lsrseq Suro8uo ue uo e:ueLuro;red {1e;es aruan;rtur

leql sprppuels elueue+ureu pue uor+lnrlsuol 'u8rsap pano:dr-ur +o uorlplr+rluepr .

:3urpn;rur 'ssa:ord lrpn? aql +o s1+eueq reqlo eq+ raprsuol oslp plnoqs reumo +essp

eql ')romleu peor Surlsrxa aq+ uo ro 'e8e1s u8rsap aq+ +e sprezpq ctrrrrads 8ur1earl pue3ur{rulueprI;anrpeord +o s}r+euaq pe}plar I1ales aq1ol uorlrppp ul 's+r+eueq enrlelr;enb{ueu ur llnsar osle llrM slrpnp ,{lartes peor Surlsrxe pue u8rsap ,to uorleJdr-uol arll

'O'L < sUlg peq O0O'L$ ueqt ssel ]sol p qllm suoqlp pesodord +o %96I;aleuurxorddy .

0 9 < sufg ppq suor+lp pasodord W +o %Lvu{;aleLurxorddy .'O'L < sU)B ppq suor+lp pasodo;d llp ,to %81re^o .

'L:O9V puP L:t00'0 ueaMleqpe8uer s]rpne peor Surlsrxa aql urqlrm suorllp pasodold lpnprnrpur +o sU)B eqI .

'r:bg pue L:V'Z ueaw+aq suor]le pesodord eq1SurlueLuaJdLul+o sufg palelrpur slrpne ,{1a;es peor Su4srxe So e8uet e;o srslJeue eq1 .

:sFurpur,r 3urmo1;o1 eq1ur pellnsor slrpnp peo; Surlsrxe uo;,r Surleueua suorllp pasodord eql +o uor+enlpne uV

'01 < su)B peq %EBsasuodsar +sol-Mol eseql +O

'(OOO't$ > lsol e ppq suorlppueuruofar +o %gg)sasuodser Jsol-Mol fian {;uo parrnbar s8urpurrr lrpne u8rsap ;o lluofeLu eq1 .'OL < sufg peq suorlppueuLuolar palueuualdu,rlne +o %gL I;aler"urxorddy

'O'L < sufg ppq suorlppuor.uLuof,er peluaLua;dr-ur llp +o %06 roAO'L:OO7'Z pue L:90'0

ueamlaq pa8uer slrpne u8rsap eql urqlrm suorlppueuruoler lenpr^rpur +o su)g aql .';:ZVZ ol L:t ruo;+ pa8uet s+rpne lenprnrpur tuor+ suol+ppuourruolal oql

Surlueuua;duut +o orlpr lsol lrleuoq oql 'pessessp s+rpne a8els u8rsap euru aql +O .

:sBurpurl Surano;;o,teLl+ ur pellnser s+rpne a8els u8rsap r"uorrt Surleueua suor+epuaLuLuof,er ,to uorlpnlp^a uV

'lPnupw srsr{;euy }soJ }r]teue8 speor}snv aLl+ ol re+er 's}sol

Surleredo allrqe^ pue atrtr+ lonerl uo slle#e Surpn;rur 'uor+enlene lruouoJe raprmp rol 'slueulea4 pasodord ro pepuauruorar aql rogp pup e;o+eq )su +o lueussassp upsmollp +eq+ qlleaseE podsue4 BUUV ̂q padolenep lool ereMgos p le8puew 4s1g r{1a1e5ppou oq+ Sursn pale;nllpl s+r+euaq ,{larres paleLur}se uo pespq oraM suorsnlluol eqf

's1pnp {lartes peor Surlsrxe pue u8rseppelre+ap o1 asuodsar ur par+r+uapr queu+ee;l aleudordde Surluaiua;dLur +o slr+eueqaql pareprsuo) uorlpnlp^a aql 'sselord lrpne {1a;es peor aq+ uor} s}r+eueq anrlrsod

lprluelsqns pa+Erlsuouap seq '(ZOOZ '{au;euJryl B IeJnereyy) sppor+snv lq {pn1s y

'I1a;es ppor ur ;auuosrad raq+o +o luaue8ernolua eql .

pup 'slesn ppor elqp;euln^ ,o spaeu {lartes aq1 +o uorleraprsuor lrcr;dxa arou .'sarnparord pup sprppuels o1 s+ueueno;dur ,i1a;es ;enluane .

'Suueaur8ue u{1e;es peor +o uor+p+ueunlop pup Surpuelsrapun Ja}}eQ p r'+lrnq arp Ieql ra;re souaqls aneu {rtrpoLu ol peau palnpal p o

's1a8re1 uor+lnpar qserl alels pup lelol 1o luauoduuor auo Surprnord .

a

a

Page 37: Highway Safety Handbook

6ZlrpnP ̂lajes peol ol PunolS)leB

'Iluanas qsell puP slaqunu qsell ul uolllnpal e qFnolql lano

sautl ,{ueu senlasuaq} rcS Aed slrpne {1a1es pPol iPql Mal^ aq} spoddns eluepl^e slqf

'a8e1s u8tsep aq1 1e se8ueqr eq+ SurlueLue;duul ^q t LE lrJ

;o palord rad Sutnes lsor a8elane uP sem oreq+ puno+ '{pnp aq1 'e8e1s u8rsap aq1

lp LUaql Sutluauuelduul +o peelsul a1a;dLuor elaM slloM eq+ laUP suollepuauulolel

llpne aql SurluaLue;duur +o lsol eql pue slrpnP all] +o +sol eq+ peraprsuco (6661'slloM)

fuo1eroqe1 qlrpese1 poirr"rl eq+ ̂q )n aq1 ur spalord peor )unll pe]rpne 77 So Aprys y

'%oz, aq ol pa+Purlsa

spm sllpnp a8els u8rsap Surlrnpuor ro' ulnlar lo oler lee{-1str; llera^o eq+ 's}sol

ltpne puP slsol qsell lo selPul+se pue uorldunssp slql uo peseB 'pellnllo a^eq plnoM

saqserl ou pup sr-ua;qord eql pal+lluepl eAPq plnom sltpne a3e1s u8tsap +Pq+ peunsse

sem ll 'uor1e;dLuor rteql pamollo; siua;qold qsPll areqm 'opelep snol^ard aql re^o

pellnr+suol'spafotd pellpneun aulu peleplsuol (856t'plePSeW lV) uPprof ul{pn1s y

's1pnp aq1 Surlepapun ,o slsol llerlp aql reno slsol luepllle

ur sFutnBs aql Suuaprsuol 'ulnlar lo eler lee{-1srr1 %9vl e sPM eraql }Bql pepnlluol

B6;v'yodsuprf lo,fi1srur61 llPuluec) )reuJUoC ut spalotd lolld €L +o uollPnl?^e uV

'sa+ls pa]tpnPun +o o/otZ L{}lM pereduuor'slroM reqpn+ lo1 pauue;d era^ se+ls pallpne +o %g {;ug 'sauaqls eql Luol}

Surntrre estglaq+o sl4aueq eql e1oqp 'rceA nd elts red ,{1lenser auo +o Sutnes laqpn}

p ut llnsar ol paleprsuo) eq plnol sltpnp eql'(tE't +o aserenB aplnn-I1uno3 P qilM

seredLuor slLll) vtz ol og'z Luorrr Sutddolp sells pa+lpnPUn qltm pareduuos '€8'0 ol

80'Z Luor+ paddorp ree,{ red elts lad sal}lensel }o lequnu a8erane aq1 'su8rsap pollpne

qlrm se+ls rol 'sllnsel Surano;;orL aq1 ane8 (V661 'lruno3 '{1uno3 Ialln5; pallpnP

uaeq lou peq leql seueqls relluls 6, pue u8rsep rraql Suunp pellpne ueeq peq

+pql (.1+e ,sluauanotdut uot+f,osre1ul 'sa8n;al uetrlsaped 'slnoqepunol lutLu 's;eu3ts

uor+lesl3lul) sauloqls ll#ell loulul 6t +o ')n 'll)uno] '{1uno3 {alln5 {q uostreduor y

'slralold loleuu Pue louttu

ro1 a;qrssod ,{;;enbe sl slql '}ueu+senul uo urn+er q8rq {;1uerr;tu8ts e q}lm sluauleer}

pelPDossP pue salluallrlap ,{,tr1uepl o1 lel}ue}od aq1 seq ssecold llpnP eq} 'lsol

irato.rd peuueld oq+ +o sselpre3ap 'slcaford meu llp lol peluauua;duut pue pe3ernorua

eq plnoqs ssarord lrpne ,{1a1es peol aq} ieql palq8rlq8rq seq uorlPnle^o speor}snv eqr

e +o alueulorued ,{lartes Peol:rrLrcads e+rs puP u8tsaP uuol;

aql se peraplsuol eq plnoqs

'suotlestue8to pelellosse pue fuua8e peol

aql o1 slueLuano;duut antleltlenb aql puP slueuleell

PurnPl+ pPol ul suol+lnpal llerlp eq+ rto uollPulqtuos

sserord lrpne I1a1es peor aql +o sl!+aueq eql llere^O

'Q66r'prePsew

lV i9661'Uodsuerf ;o Illsrutyll rypurua6 i6551, 's11a714 ''V651 'lluno3 '{1uno3 '{arrn5;

sserord lrpne ,{1a,tes peol eql qSnorql olqe^elLlle s}l+euaq luert;tuFts eql peLUrl+uol +Pql

'pne r(1a1es ppor +o s+tlaueq eql uo suotlenlp^a relpPe rno+ pal+l+uepl oslP {pn1s aq1

'euollno elqerlsap

pup a^tltsoo P sl pa+rluapl selluelll+ep ou qllM +lpnP uP sessalord +lpnP llP qllM sV:,{1";"r

}o aluernsse Surprnotd ul enlP^ luert;tu8ts ulelel lll}s lllm pel}l}uepl salluelll+ep

ou q+rm lrpne uP 1eq1 uorlruSolar eq+ st sserold llpne aq+ +o lueuale luepodur uy

Page 38: Highway Safety Handbook

'sluapDfP o] peeluel urnl ur qlrqM saSPsseu

esle+ aArS uel suSts llejrolul .

'elqlperl

puP alqrsueqeJorrof,lPall 'snonlrdsuol

eq ]snur suSrs pPou .

'veze\ P eq ]ou plnoqssuoddns slr puP uSrs aql .

'uotlProl leql ro, elPlrdorddeaq plnoqs eSPsssur

s,u3rs eql pue lueussassPSuuaaurFua punos qFnolql

palerlsuouep aq plnoqs u8rsP ro] peeu aql 'Je^eMoH .

'uralqojo P ol uorlnlos{sea ue sP uees ueryo are su8r5 .

'suBrsLl]!/\\ aleJ ]earB a)etluFl fie;e5

Page 39: Highway Safety Handbook

L€

I

]!pne AlaJes peore 3u llrppuof

Page 40: Highway Safety Handbook

€€lrpne ̂]ales peor e Sutpnpuo]

leuS!sec

,eu8!sac pu" ue!lf

,eu8!seC

reuSlsac ro ila!lf

:lo ̂l!llqrsuodsa1sdals eq1

reqlo pup 11 raldeq3) slrpne a3e1s usrsep o1 ,{J;enba ,ildde sdals l;;iil"fl,;liffisdals ,to eouanbes eql inq '+euq aq ,{eLu sdels oq} +o aLuos 's1refold loull.! elou oLuos

ro+ pue 'sernpnrls Jeuotlestue8lo oLuos ul 'L'9 aln8t3 ul UPL{I Mol+ oq+ ul pe}Prlsnlll

are ssarord aq1 ur sdals eq1 'ssacotd ptennro4q8retls r{;anr1e;ar P sl }lpn€ ,{1a;es peol y

dals {q dets

'1rpne I1a;es ppoJ p ul sdep eqt f'9 ern8ll

'ssoford ]lpne aql

Page 41: Highway Safety Handbook

v€

'uotssnlstp aleieueS up3 oqM sllt)s ̂+e+psqlrm esla auoeuos )o/pue +lelord eq+ +o +ledsp lensnun {ue urpr;er:ads p epnllul'suorsuoturp eerql ut 1no{e1 aq} estlenst^ upr pup sp;epup+s uFrsap ppo; qltmrPtltue+ st or.lM laeurSue uSrsap ppol peluatjadxe ue epnllul 'sro+tpne pacuerredxeftan r{q ,{;uo uelepapun aq plnoqs s+tpne asaql pue se8els re+pl ulo;+ (ellqns eroLuueuo pup lapporq) +ualeJ]tp alrnb a:e poutupxe eq o+ sensst aq1 :a8e15 Xl;lqrseal .

:s;1r>1s Surmollo+ eL{} Surpn;rur+e )ool

'(966, IHI) sll!>ls +uere#rp ro] llel u8tsap rto se8els luore#rp aq+ +p qlpnv

'sa{a ,to tred

Jeq+oup rleel +tpnp aq1 sanrS +t pue esDraxe Surue;1 p aq uel lrpne ,fien3 '1ra[o.rd aq1Luol+ luapuadapur sr oqm uotlestue8rc no( utq+tm Luol,t euooruos Sutpn;rur reptsuol:lsol +o asneleq pnf Lueel uosled-auo e Surneq plo^V '(g'z uot]l3s ees) alueuedxo pupsllr)s raLll uo spuedep lt :e^tlle#a aq upl uoged auo {q }tpne up ,speford

lleus roJ

L2+e' p)il /uBqr n/leerls ptol e 1 Ae naet4e 1:aford eql st :alueuedxa luenalal qltm eldoed llelos,uot]tppp ul .eruauedxa

SuuaaurFua {larres peor sr uea} lrpne {1e;es peot Aue ur luerpa;8ur lerluessa ouo aqI

'aldoad oml +spel 1e elrnba; spelotd luerrrrru8l5 .a;qea8eueuun aquer e;doed rno+ uplll elou +o sLueel q8noql;e 'a;doed

+o raqunu unuurldo ou st ereql:)sel lpne eq+ +o ezts eql uo spuedep upel ltpnp ue ,to ezts eleudordde +sou eq1

'palotd telnt4ted aqy rc1s11rys aTeudotdde seq pue Tuapuedaput st etrlt\ weeJ Jtpne ue palas of :att4talqg

ureal ]lpne fta;es peor aqt Sutllalas L'g

'+srl lno lPql lleqf ]o]t elqPlrns

lou srlrpnp up s1spl ,to lstl? st araq+'L'z uotpes ul .uaql enlos pup sua;qo.rdluapr3lp +o sesnpl ,iJItuapl ol lupM no{ lo taqloue pure8e u8rsap auo a;eduorol lupm no{ sdeqtad 1ng ',sar{, st leMsup oq} '}llnq st }t elo}aq 1,1no pau8rsap,)pe^oual aq upl leql slualqord ,{1a;es 1erlua1od fiue erc aloql ]r ees ol lllnq s,llelolaq u8rsap p eutupxe o+ lupm no{ rr1 2paau no,( 1eq*r lrpne ,{larres ppol p sl

' ' ' of,uatrJl.uof, no^ aloJa8

'suotlpra+lP

,{1e;es papuauruof,er eql +o qlpe ldope o1 }ou ro raLl}eqM uo ujeql {q apeLu sr uorsoeplpLuro+ e pue (lo+tpne eq+ pa8e8ua oqm uo Surpuedep; luetll aL{+ )o/pue rau8rsapeql Iq peraprsuol ueql st altnpp stql suotlppueuruofal ueilum +o ulo+ eq+ ut elt^peluepuadapur aprno.rd ol st rolrpnp eq+ +o alo; aq1 'peford aq1 u8rsapar lo lano e)p+ o+Jolrpne {lerres peot aq+ +o elor aq} lou sr }l 'r.upel uorlelueua;dur eLl} pue re8eueu lratotdeql q+lM suteruaj pelotd aql +o uot+lnrlsuol pue u8rsap ,Suluue;d to1 u{1r;lqrsuodsag

'sa8ed lelenas ,to podar e pue sue;d +o laqunu e8le; e ,sFurlaau e^lonut ol

{;a1r; sr lraford u8rsap peor tofet-u e +o }rpnp ,i1e;es peor p 'alpls eLl+ +o pue req+o eq} }V

'sLua;qord luerrrtru8ts ou a;e erel{l +t se8ed om1 Jo euo sp

UoLls sp eq {eLu podar aq1 pue ueld a;8urs e pue uot}pullo+ut to sa8ed marr p }o }stsuol{eLl uorlelueunlop '3ur1aeu

luottleluauuol p upql Jeq}pr llel auoqd e an;onur {eurpeford alrs-e|3urs 'alels-llptus p +o ltpnp ue 'e;dLuexa ;og .lraford le;n:rped p +o elplspue ernleu eql +rns o1 peldepe eq plnoqs Upql Mol+ eql +o dals qree ur sltplep aqf

Page 42: Highway Safety Handbook

St ]lPne ̂lajes Peor e 3ul]lnPuol

's+rpnP rerpPe LUor+ pe^losalun uleurej qllqM senssl Ale+Psumou) {ue iLueql o1 sesuodse; uo}lt;M aq+ puP spodal lrpne {lartes peor snotnald {uy

'suPUlsepeo

pue slsr;r{r 'slueuoduuoc lenleuuol-uou pue letlleuuol Sutpn;ru1 seunlo^ 4)Jr..lI

'pa^erqlP

+ou oraM {aq1 araq,rn suor}elol Iue pue pesn uaaq e^eLl lpqt sprepu'e+s uBrsep aq1 .

Plep alrs 'l

'suorsoap Sutt-uuuelSotd lo Surpunrt lalJlee poddns ol pasn spodal ut

aq ,{euu uotleuro+ut slq+ +o euos 's1:aford a8le; Jol 'suolle+lnsuol puP eruepuodsallor'uorssnlsrp roud uo.trt 1ndul ,{lrunuuo: IuB puP 'suoseal aq+ pue epeu uaeq eAPq leq}sasruorduuor u8tsap {ue 'pessalppe oq o+ paeu leq} setluetlt+ep {ue 'pe^elqle eq ol sl ll MoLl'(+lpne aql lou

'lraford u8rsap eql 'e'l) peford aq1 ,to asodrnd aq11no slas {;astruor stql

luelur lreford 'q

'saurlaprnF asaql ur sler.Irro, podar ltpne

Jeuorldo pue sernpelotd aq1 o] eluele+al a;durs P ro +ellq ueilllM e altnbal Ieru srql

IpnP eql urorl euo)lno pelledxe eql ]|.o lueue+Pls rPell v 'e

:apnllul ,i||e:td{1 lllM rueel +lpnP eq} o1 paptnord eq o} uol+eulo}ul

.lrpnP eql

ur papnllur aq ol are slsel leqm ;o Surpuelslapun resll e uant8 aq ol spaeu osle ueal

lrpnP eql 'sr{e;ep plo^e ol qSnoue ,{;lea pelap;suol aq plnoqs slqf 'seunlo^ ll#er} sPqlns 'uorlpturolur

lpuorlrppp +lollol ol fiessarau eq ,{euu }l 'LuPal lrpne {lertes peol eql

eSeFua o+ eur+ sr lr aro+eq lleM pelpt+tut aq ol peau {eu deis slql 's+uaunlop +lel+uol

+o suor+las +ue^alal pue s8utnnerp 'PtPp 'spodal auaqls epnllul lllM uol+PLulo+ul LUPa+

+rpnp eql ro+ turo+ alqesn p ur uorleruro+ur lueneler pue fiessarau eql lle +lallol plnoqs

reu8rsap 1calord eL]f 'LUee] +tpne aql o1 peplnord eq +snu uoqeullo+ul +ue^ele; llv

'palotd aLl? Jo ?uawssasse eyenbaPeue ltolle oJ uoqew)olut ltessanu aLll tte qUM weal ypne aql aptnotd o1 :aupelq6

uorleuroJur punolSlreq aqt Surpr^old z'9

'e8ei5 Sutuado-a;4eql ro+ asoq] o] sllr)s rP[LUls q1r,rn a;doad epnpul :sMel^eu ,{1erte5 ,peoy 3ut1stx],

'selrs )rom +? posn {;;ertd{1 seltnep {lartes pue lor}uol

luJerl aql +o slrp+ap eql Llllm rptlttup+ reaut8ue uP puP selts s)loM peor Sut8eueu utacuauadxe qltm ouootuos apnltul :(uotllnrlsuor Suunp; s)roM Jq+uI fuelodLuel

'I1a,tes peol +o epts lernotneqoq aq+ q+lm pe^lonul euoaulos pue

selrnep lorluol lr#'er1 q1M letltue+ auoeuos leaut8ua alueua+uleul e 'r{1a;es pue

lr#pr+ ur aruauedxa seq oL.lM relr#o err;od e 3u1pn;rur reptsuo) :e8e15 Suruado-ar6'slrplep eql eururpxa {;;errlur o} elqp eq lsnu {eq1 'ansst

lasn ppor lplol rplnlrppd reqlo Aue rc s:etllPq Llsell'set+tltle,t a;:{r1q '3ut1q8t; 1eet1s'su8rs rr;;er1 '1ol1uor

;eu8rs :tget1 ut astpadxa qllm auoauos 'a;dLuexa Jo+ 'sepnllul

lraford aLll slrelep ,to sad{1 oq+ q}lm )eltwe+ euoeuos spnllul :a8e15 u8rsa6 pelrcto6'ser+r^rllp lasn peol ,to aFpa;,inou) lplol

q+rm auoauos epnllul parueuadxa sp oq poau s;eqrueu LUPo+ lle +ou +nq 's+lpnB

e8els ,{1;;lqrsea+ )o+ pequlsep se partnbar are slll)s relrurs :a8e15 u8tsaq &eutuut;et6

Page 43: Highway Safety Handbook

ltpnp ̂le+es ppor aql oroleq +uorll ro reu8rsop eql urol+ lqSnos oq plnolls uorleueldxe'suor+sanb {uB asrer s}ueurnlop aq} ,tl 'sureJqord ,{lartes ;er1ua1od ureluol qltqM

lreford eLll rro spore u{ue l;r1uap1 'palrnbar sp s+srl)leql eql Sursn 'pessasse eq plnoqsuolletu;o+urJaqlo pup solou pler+'elep luepole pue )t;+ul 's8urnne;6 'o+rs uo pa)leqlaq ol senssr e;qrssod 1sr; :suorsserdut lslt+ piolei o1 lsue;d aq1 Surpn;rut) sluoLUnlopeq1 esnred {11er1rur 'a}rs eq} Surpadsur aJo}og 'suoqredsur reup pup aro}oq pamet^alaq ol poeu llrm s+ueunlop :suorlradsur e]rs q1;,rn ;a1;ered ur are;d sa1e1 eseqd srql

'peor eql7o 1e4ue7od LlseD pue atuetutoyad /7a7es aq?lnoqesuo$npuo) w)o] pue uorJeutJolut punotS4teq pue su?sap eqJ Mat^al o1 :aa4talq6

sluor.unfop aLl] Surssassy v'g

'suorlepuautuofal pup su;eluol asoq+ uo +lp pup ol puodsar ol st )sp+s,;a8eueuu palord eql eltqm 'suorlppueuuole; pup suleluol {1e1es peot {ue lueuun:oppue {;rluapr ol sr lse} s,r.!"al +rpnp eqf 'raSeueuu peford eq} }o )sel aq+ pup tupa}lrpnp oql rro )sp+ aLll ueemlaq qsln8urlsrp pue ssaro;d aq1 ure;dxa ol aurl poo8 e sgSurleau srql 'ssarord

lrpne aql;o spadse q+rm lerlr.!p+un ole {ped .raqlra +o eeqruaur }l

'3urlaeuu eql ero+oqparnllo lou seq srql +r

'ueel +rpne aql ol popupq erp uorleulo;ur punorS>peq pue

sueld 'pesr^pe eq plnoqs sro+rpnp eq+'(^pp looqls qlpo Jto pue eql +p suorlrpuol l|JJer+'a;dLuexe ro,t) luepodur ere suorlrpuo: le;nrped ,tl os 'suor+rpuol leq+eom )o )U+ul

llp rapun e+rs eq+ lradsur o+ olqp eq +ou lpm upal +lpne aq1 'u8rsap lraq+ rro lredserelnrq;ed p +noq'e seuanb Jo sure:uol {1e;es aneq {peelp {eu srau8rsap eq1 'sanrpafqo

uorpnr+suol ro u8rsap '8uruue1d Surnerqre ur paruerradxo ueeq anpq Lllr..lm suua;qord{ue pue 'paford slq+ of re;n:rped sanssr ,{ue 'asodtnd s,1raford oql Lrpel lrpne eq] o]ure;dxa o1 {lrunpoddo eq} saprnord srql '8ur1aeLu aq} ut luerll oq} epnllur oslp o1 In+asneq upr +r

'+uarll palord aql lou sr tau8rsap aq1 11 'pafold eq1 ;o rau8rsap oql +aou

{11ensn plnoM u?e+ }rpn? eq} '}rpn? u? }o }ueulelueululof, aq} le pleLl 3ur1aar"u e 1y

'3ur1aau lueuelueLUuollerulo+ p ouenuof o+ sr lpne oql +o asodrnd eql pup sse:ord 'ltpnp aq+ qltmluar;r7;au8rsap eql lurenbce ol :uor+pluro+ur rano pupq ol sr lcalord eq1 o1 punotS>;ceqeql qllM r.uPel lrpne ,{1a;es peor eq1 lurenbre o1 {enn }uaDu+a pu€ e^tpa#a }sou aql

'uoqew)olut ltessatau aql tte qylA ueeJUpne aqlaptnotd o7 lssatotd lpne aLll spueJeapun uteaT uBsap aqJ aJnsue o1 :aa4telqg

Surlaau ]ualuafuaLUurof e SulploH €'9

'saJnpur 1r sa8ueqr )r#pr+ oql ,{q ro lesodord aq1 ,iq pe}le#p eq lq8rr-u qrrqmsesn s+r pup puel luecefpe eqr;lsep ol lo speor luerefpe Je^ol o+ sueld raqlo ,{uy

'sa8eis Suruado-ald pue uBrsappelrelap eLll le lprluessa ale sueJd Surlq8r;1aar1s pue SurlteueurJ 'u8rs 'a;dLuexe ro1'+rpne

+o a8ep:e;nrrped eq1 +e +upneler sual! raq+o pue luauuSrlp lpluozuoq pup

lelrue^ aq1 Surnnoqs 'u8rsap ,to a8els eqt ro+ alqp+tns olpls p 1e

's8uranerp +o las V

s8urnnetp pue sueld

'{qderSodol pues8urp;rnq luolsrq 'saarl 'selrnias 'sleurup '('l+a 'Mous '3o; 'arr; suor]tpuol Joq+pem'a;dLuexe rol 'u8rsep aq+ Jo uor+plol aql ol luenolel spa#a lplueruuolrnue ,{uy

a

'p

Page 44: Highway Safety Handbook

l?.lrpne ̂tojes peor e Surlfnpuol

'8ur1q3;1 loorls pu? s8urq,rer.u 'su81s ;o

sseue^ll3a;Je eql pue peor eql 1o fi;l1qepear uo lloql e slturad uo;pedsu; eru;1 1q81u y'eu;1-1q3;u lp uepprtl Ilen;ldacep 1nq '1q8rlIep ut snol^qo eq Ieru puol e uo sernleel oql

'pefuetuLUol ia/{ lou seq )JoM eleqM ue^e 'uollledsul

er-ur1-1q3ru P uo per+r+uapl eq uel sanssl lPuol+lppP +PqM Sutstldrns eq uel ll puP aulll

1q3ru 1e +uareJ;rp {;pa4eu eq upl slasn peol ol elqPlle^e uol}eurro}ul lensl^ eLll 'olel

eq plnoLls seluplsrunfrt osaql 're^aMoH e^rasqo ol lPuol+lppe Sutqlou aq lllltn eraLl+'luerlr eql ,to eruauedxe eql ut 'ereqM 1de:xe letluesse oslP st uot+ladsur aLull-1qFru y

)eaM ro riep aq1 lnoq8nolql {len ue: suol}lpuol ll#Pll :e}ls ol..ll

lredsur oJ ourl e^rlla#e +sou aql st uaqm Jeptsuo3 'slla#e Jteql puP slesodo.rd e;nln,

aLll esrlensrA o1 'aleudordde,tr 'pue sluaLlaFuerre luasard aq1 o1 3ul1e1ar sLue;qo.rd ,{ue

alerrardde o1 1q8rl{ep ur alrs eq} }tst^ ol ulPol ltpnP Ilartes peor aq} ro} lel}uessa sl }l

'sJesn peu JoJ sptllu> pue sJueatpadutt 1e4ua7od astlenst,t o7lspeot Aqrcau pue s?utpunu)ns fl! IlllM spetelut lesodotd aLll Morl aos of :aupalqg

a]rs aq] Surlradsul g'g

'sue;d u3;sep tututtuuxael!qM PelllluePl sonsslI1e;us ssnrs;p doqs>ltorvrSugugerl lrpny I1e1e5p?og P ur sluedgctye;

',{lertes uo Suueaq P oneq

Ieql ssa;un papnllur aq lou plnoLls sanssr ,ftredel lt#er]'astme)tl'podar s,ro+lpneaql ur pepnllur eq lou plnoLls 'r{1e1es o+ pe}Plarun 'sllleq+see ro {ltueuue alt; spedsy

'qsrlqPlse ol llnlr#rpaq {eu seqspll qlrnn drqsuor}Elel }larp e e.roqm'srasn peor ol afuesltu lo uot}Pl}snl+osnel qlrqm s+uartlale u8tsap peol eq uP) a;ell] 'a;duuexa lol ue1e] aq plnoqs

slql +o Mar^ ppo;q e qBnoql;e 's1:edse {lartes peo; 01 +los}t eut+uol plnoLls ilpne eql

'srea1 ,srau8rsap ,{e;;e pue suotlsanb

>lsp o] {lrunpoddo eql +o asn e)PU uel sroltpne :)lom lteq} uo Sutlueuuuol pue

ur Suruor ,sreprslno, lnoqp e^tsueqardde aq uel stau8tsap saurtleuos 'uollllm st poda;

Page 45: Highway Safety Handbook

BT

'sjequeul u?al lrpnellP /o, IsPl lPlluosseuP sr uorlf,edsul ells v

'e+rs aql +leosut plnoqs srequau upellrpnP llp :uorpedsut elts p ro+ elnltlsqns p sE pasn aq +ou +snLU ^eq+ +nq ,uoder eq+ut uotsnllut elqtssod pue alueletel ro+el ro+ sMolle sedeloept^ lo sqdpjsoloqd 3ur1e1

'suot+tpuol leqlPeM+uora#rp +o sltaJ,Le eq+ pue sdno.r8 lesn +uela#tp eLll ro, asaql reptsuo) .ppor aq+SuoJe 8ur;Janr.;.+ )o+ sp llam se '11 Surnee;ro tupalls Jt#prl eql Suualua ,peo; eql Fursso.lrsp qlns s+uauenorr; ,ro sedu{1 luale#rp eq} lo} sreler uFrsep eql llaM Moq laptsuoJ

',s1urod azaenbs, ol pupsuorlrpuol lueuaned tood o1 alqrldersns elp lnq 'uorlera;alre prder aneq slsr;c{uoloyy

'speeds ueulsapad lerrd{11e Surnouu Jo sla^al uea^ +eq Surnou 'se8pa rBeu Surnou 's1ra[qo punolp FurnorusaqlnlrjJrp ro Suueaq rood 'lq8rsa{a ;ood {q papege eq upl sor}rltqpsrp qlran e;doe6

'ser]lnlr#rp enrluSor ol anp sde8e8pnf ro solnlpeJr. lol+uo3 lt#prl auros asruSocar o+ elqp ssal eq {eu stanup I1lap13

'sluerpe;8 pue (le^el8 pue se;oq1od'saler8 'e;duexa Jo+) suotltpuol elpf ns {q palrage {lsnoues eloLu ale slsrJrIo ;epa6 .

'ueJqord e eq uel slods pur;q pue lepran are {aq1 'SurnoLu Uels pup dols o1.ra8uol

a)e+ sellrqe^ lreql 'a8er;ort Sur8ueqiano {q pape;rre {psea a;ou oq upl {lrJrqrsrn traqlpup senssr uotlpeutlap o+ ppel upo stql 1nq lq8raq a{a laq8rq p e^eq eenup ))n4 .

')l]+u+ rto paads eql pup sde8 SurSpnf ur {1r1rqe te;ood

e a^pq few rc Suueeq ro lq8rs ;arood eneq 'a1r8e ssol eq z{eu sueulsepad ,{1tap13 .'{;anrs;ndur+le upl {aq1 'mern s,lst;o}oru e wc,;.1 uopplq {;rsee eq uec

,{aq1 ';;eLus Sureg 'sa;rrqan onresqo o1 lq8raq ar{e ramoJ p onpq sueulsapad p;rq3 .:speeu {lartes luate;rLrp elrnb e^pq slonup pelqestp pue {;lep;e

's1sr;r{r 'slalup )lnl}

'sueulsapad ,{;repla pue 3uno1 's+suo}otu pnf 1ou pue sdnor8resn peol ,{1a>1r1 aql llp }o Met^ ,to lurod aq} LUor+ ueleuopun eq plnoqs uorpadsur aq1

'sure++po +ueue^ou upUlsepad pup

rt;;er1 Surlsrxe ldnrsrp uego upl sluau:aBuele Jt+JeD Mou lo sppol Meu ,uotltppe ul

rnot^pqeq traql lsnfpe ol poeu eq+ +o alpmeun aq {euu s}st;o+otu .

pue 'ta1Je slueule^out to spaads 'saunlo^ lt#plleluo os op o1 ltpl uer {;artes pale;ado {;snornard q)tqM selt^ep pue slnolpl peo; .

'.se 'p)ezeq ralealS +o suotlelol eq ua++o uec uuelsls peol Surlsrxa oq+ olulseqf,+eru ppor (plepupp .raq8rq {|;ensn pue) Mau oql ereqM 'seuoz

lpuil.Ula+ Jo uot+tsuprl'ppor

,to suorlles luarefpe eql apnllut plnoqs uorlradsur aq1 :1a8e1s Furuado-eldaq+ ]P suoM +o s+tLUtl orl+ lo) sue;d uSrsap aql +o sltLurl aq1 puou{eq )ool

,e}ts uo uaqM

Page 46: Highway Safety Handbook

]rpnP ̂lajes peor e Surllnpuol

'uPlo aql o+ peppe sraqunuule]r uo4epueuuoler lrpne qlM 'ql8uel pPoJ Jo ]rafojd aq+ +o ueld llPle^o uv .

'suorlplr+rlpnb pue suorlerlr#e ,sjaq[uarrt upel ltpnp aqf .'xatrjPu s,luerll eql

pup (reppel LUpe+ eq+ sr oq^ +o uorlueu snld; saLueu raqruatu ureal ltpne aql .

uotlPruro+ur punorS>pPg (q)'s1:adse

;erradsro sresn ;errads ,{ue pue sanrlrafqo s1r 'pefold aq1;o uo4du]sap ]auq V .

'*1!pnp aq1,ro e8els u8rsap aqt '(qrnqns'a;duexa ro;) {1r;ero; aql '(aupu peor Surlcasielur ro peol +o qf uel; palo.rdpo+rpnp aql +o tuolxa aLll 'ppor aql +o aupu eql sapnllut qltqm elltl podar y .

uotlPturo+uI lreford (P)

:lpue+pur Surmo;;ort eql urpJUoJ plnoqs podar ltpne aq1

slualuof s,uodar ltpne uv

'peluerolar ssorl aq plnoqs {aq1 'podar

eq+ ur pe+prpdas ere suor+ppueuuola; luapuadep ,{lJen1nLu +eql ulaluol {ue st elaql

+r 'lua^a {ue u; 'suor}las olur lrelord aq1 1r1ds o1 aleudordde aroLu aq {eLu 1t

'slraford

peor 3uo; ug '{;anrpe#a passarppe pue pastuSo:er aq o1 {1a1r1 eroLu st elts qlPa

1e suaJqord eql ueeMleq uor+lerelut e;qtssod Aue'Ae,vr slql ul 'urnl ut selts luero#tpeql lnoqe lueuele u8rsep qrea Surssnlsrp upql raq+El 'uln+ ur a+rs qlpe ssnlsrpol reneq aq Xeiu 1r

',{1r;rqrsrn pup uor}peurlep'uor}les ssorl'}ueuuSt;e rto s}uaulalarno] aql LfllM slualqord par;rluapr spq auo qlpe pup e8uuqrralul paleredes apet8 e 1esdLUBr puP suor+lasra+ul llullslp oarql are araql alaqM 'elduPXs lol SUOllle e^l+lelloleql reprsuol {aq1 uaqnn sluardrrar s,1;oder eql ro} ;n1d;eq pue ;e:r8o; eq repro all}

lpql sr uorlpreprsuol luepodu;r lsottl eql +nq 'suor+ppueuuolol pue s8utputl Suuapro

,ro Xenn lsaq a;8urs ou sr e;eq1 eenssr uotutr;or,{q padnoiD Zslsrl)laql aql ut laploaq1 u; apafo.rd e,Lo qf uel aq1 3uo1e {;1et1uanba5 4pe}sll eq sure+r plnoqs repro leLlM ul

'relrurs Surqlauuos ro ,1r luaLua;dut pup +uotu+ear] ale8tlsanu;,a+um ,uor+ppuauruolau, rapun pup (ureluol Xlartes aq1 'a't) Sutput+ eql prolel {;dLlts:perou8r oq +ou plnoqs ensst {1a1es eql asel srq+ ul 'purLU ol eurol 1ou {eiu 'euo e^tperp{ppeorq p uene'uot}ppueuuJoler p}nq pat+t+uapt aq Ieuu suloluol {lartes'sase: euros ul

'sujoluol r{1a;es peor {ue ssarppe ol reLl+Pr 1nq 'u8lsep eql e+Pr o} +ou sl

poder eq1;o asodrnd all-1 'LUeq+ uor+uau o1 fiessarau +ou sr +r 1nq 'poder

lrpne {lerresppor p ur peuorlueu eq upl {1a1es sanorduur 1eq1 u8rsap aq} }o luauele antltsod y

'pasPq aq lllM uolllP a^lllarol lnoqP suolsllep qllqM uo uollPlueujnlop pLulo]eq1 saprnord poda.r aq1 'rau8tsep aq+ q+lm +sar llrM lpq+ ro+ {1r;rqrsuodsay 'slre}ep estrardupq] req+pr 'uo4nlos p +o uorllelp ro arn+pu aq] olpltput {;pnsn lltm suot}epueLuLuofeleq_L suolllp e^rllarol lnoqp suorlppueuuoler e)pur ol pue svezeq e^lonut 1eq1 1:afo.ldaql 1o spedse uo poder {1pur:rns o1 sr podar lrpne {1a;es p?o; ell} }o )spl urpui aqf

'passarppe aq lew saDuaDUap A4a4es paryquap! ltoq Sutpte8at 'a7eudofude

aJaqln 'suotJepuawuto)eJ a4eLu oJ pue sEutputT s,J!pne aLll uo yodet o1 :an4telqg

Uodar llpne ,Qa;es peor aqt SullUM g'g

Page 47: Highway Safety Handbook

ov

'sesuodsar uot+lp e^t]lelrol +o elqpt e a+pell o+ luatll eql ̂q I;peltppesn eq upl lr leql a8eluenpe eql spll leulro] relnqpl V

'leuro+ rplnqpl p ut uellumro ,e;{1s osord, ur ue++um aq {euu suot+ppueuuoler pup s8ulpurl +tpnp eq} 'paford

,toad{1 aq1 uo SurpuadaA'L'6 uot}las ut pa}pr+snllt sl poder ltpne ;e:rdl1p +o +prrro+ aqf

'+uoturuo) rol rau8rsap lo luetlleq1 ol podaJ lrpnp {1a1es peot eql +o }+elp e eplnotd o1 pelnba; aq 'aJduuexe ro+ '1ou

plnoqs pup aluapuadepul ,to uorlrsod ? seLl ro+tpne aql le^emoH 'suotsnlluol Surnnelporo+eq rau8rsep oql qllM 3ur1;e1 {q s8urpuelsrapunstu ro setlutelocun {ue anloserol rno^pepua plnolls roltpnp aq1 ';au8rsep aql qllm uotlpf tunLuLUor poo8 utpluteul of

'+uPUOOr.ur lou

ere sLua;qotd pat+tluept req+o +pq] l;dr-ur 1ou saop esn leqf 'a^tsnlrxa {1;enlnuu }ou erpsauo8aler oml eseq_L ',INVIUOdWl, sp pat+quept eq uel ra8uep ;er1ua1od 1eat3 Surneq sesraprsuol ro+rpnp aq+ qlrqm Lue;qord {1e1es {ue 'X;te;rr"ur5 ',INlDUn, sprom eql q+lMsuorlppueuuolol aq+ ut patlquept aq plnoqs Surulenn to uorlrelotd 'lpnouel Jo+ uotluolleo+plpeuur lupllpM ol Vezer4 luont#ns jo aq of pe;eptsuol sl +pql anssl {lertes {uy

la^ol luoll aql uo papnput aq oslp plnoqs'atpp aql pup'suralt pelsus]sv *

'suotltre aAqlejjol+noqp suorlppuotutuole; qltm 'splpzpq e^lo^ut qrrqm pafold eq1 1o spedse uopodar puorns pue astf,uof, e aq plnoqs podal llpne fia;es peor eq1 &euuns u1

'lrpnp aql uelpuepun aneq {eq1 Sursrnpe 'slequeu ueal lrpne ;p ,{qpau8rs'(t'5 uorlres ur{pnp asel eql utlno }as sp) }ueual?ls Surpn;ruor y .

lueuelPls lPLurol (p)'(lPuorldo) suorlPpuauuof,al puP

s8urpur;1o {poq uteul }o ppeqp pare;d pue lno u^ elp 'ulaf,uof, Jo senssl

peleadar Jo 'suorlepueuiulofol pue s8urpur; rc[eu.t Aue rto 3u4sr; +ayq V .'podar eql rro ped p4uplsqns lsou eql aq llt^ stql

'8urpu4 ql?a JaUp {;palrp (alnlpu aleudotdde up }o) suotlppuauuotal LIJIA'peu4uapr oleM qltqM seDuaDtlep rilartes eq1 llp lnoqp s8urpurrt ]o seues v .

suotlPpueuuofer pu€ sSutputJ (t)'(uor+pLulolut

luapltlp lo slstl)laq3 aql apnput o+ paeu ou st eleql) .'1leuor1do; sensst lupltlu8rs ;o soloqd .

'srequnu

lueupuaup/selpp Jtaq+ qltm slequlnu Surruelp ll? pup o+ paJlalal saur;aprn8lrpnp ]o uorsre^ aq1 Surpn;ru! '+lpnp aq1 Suunp posn slueunrop +o lsll V .

'papnllur satep Llltm 'lslraford llpurs ro, auoqda;a1

,{q ,{1uo +r ua^a) pleq elem s8urlaau uorla;duor pup lueueluauulof, pupue)ppapun eram uoqcadsur aurl-1q8tu p pup auri4,{ep p qloq }pq} eltnpv .

Page 48: Highway Safety Handbook

LVlrpne ̂]ajes peor e Surlrnpuol

'appLu Sureq +urod eLll pupls.lopun J,usaop lualll eql lPq+ lPreue8 lo arnlsqoos eq ],uop {;1enba lnq

'lrp}ap ut suoqnlos 3ur{4rrads to Suru8tsepal ptonu

puP :suol+nlosLl.ra1-3uo;7r-uret-Uoqs pue lsof,-Mo;4sor-q3;q aq r{eLu elaql puttu ut leaq

:suorlPpuaulurof, er alq lspe+ epl^olo

:suorlnlos +o lsol eql pue ua;qord aq11o {luenas eq1 Suuaptsuol 'lt}slleel aq

lpan;osai aq lq8rLu r"ua;qord ,iia;es aq1 Moq +noqe entllnrlsuof, oq .

:suorlepueururomr SuttrBJ+ uaqM

'1un u8rsep ,(en'raa;; parueuadxa up ol uotlepuaultuof,alp r.lllm &essareu aq plnom upql 'punol aq uPl uo4nlos eql alaqm lnoqe allnpearour an8 ro rrpads arou eq o+ paau ,(eru ltcunor plnl lptus e 1e;aeu6ua alosaql ol uoqppuoturuof,er e :sartperd u8rsap peot a+Ps ,o Surpuelsepun s,luelp aq+ +o+unollP e)el o+ paeu suotlPpueuuolar aq1 ,{1pnb3 'u8rs prepuep E esn ol rq uo4doJeqlo ou aq ,{er"u aJaq} '}eerls ,{erur-auo P uMop {Ban Suolan eq1 o3 few ]i|ye4 s1',uorlnlos, 3 puP ,uorlPpueurtuofel, e ueeM+eq eull eul+ P sl eJaql seu4etuos ]n8

'sadr{1 rarreq qselc

luele#rp Suliou8r ua^a 'uoqnlos a;qtssod auo I;uo uo sesnlol 1t se 'antldursa;d

ool sr ,aluet pren8 ;;e1su;, spa;eqm ',]l plelqs Jo lueuluequa eql ue+lell,

:aq {euruorlppuar.ur.uorar aleudordde uy 'sad,{1ta;leq

Flanas }o euo qll^ '}! plell1s ro

lueulupqua aq+ ueuell ol aq {eur uor+nlos eq1 '8u1purrt a;dtuexa enoqp eq} q+tM'sarlrlrqrssod pue slurpJlsuor paford eql +o llp ̂ oul 1,uop {;;ensn srolrpnP eq}'llp reUV 'uorlnlos aql Surrirurads upql laqler 'lq8nos aq plnoqs uollnlos P qltqnur uorllelp eql elplrpur plnoqs uor+ppueuuo3el lrpnp uV 'ltpne

1o a8els puepaford 1o adril 'peor

+o ssell aql toy eleudoldde eq plnoqs suotlppueuuoleg

suorlPpueuuoleu

'uorlnlos auo st lt 'ua;qotd aql lou sl let{} esneraq ',ef,ua+

p.ren8 ou spq ' ' ' lp lueulupqrua eqf, sP peqllsop eq lou plnoqs Surpur; eql

',lorluof ute8al loesra^prl o1 ellrqo^ lupre ue .ro; q8rq pue daals ool st ' ' ' le lueulueqLue eql,

:aq lq8rr-u Surpur; e 'peu e Sulhrct lueuluPqua daels 'q8lq P sr aleql elsq^'a;duexa roJ ',uoqnlos, p lo sural ut pourer, eq lou plnoqs s8urpur3 '8ur1lnset

funfur ro Sutrnrro saqsprl ol ppel plnol leqm .to u8tsap aql lnoq? snole8uep{1;er1ua1od sr lpqm :saouenr}ep ,{lartes perlluapt ;o Surlstle ue s8utput;1lpny

sSurpull

suorlepuauurofor puP sSulpulj ]lpne Suruel3

a

a

a

Page 49: Highway Safety Handbook

ZV

'Luelqord {ue o1 uor+nlos p +o sltplep u8rsep oq} opnllur lou lltm podet lrpnp aq+ +pq+purru ur euroq eq plnoqs +l 'uotlepueLUUolal

+tpnp qlpe ol puodsar o+ Moq +o sltplepq1M eluelsrsse loJ. lossesse luapuadaput up ut llel ol qsrnn {eLu ;eu8rsep Jo luetll eql

'poluaunlop {;elenbape eq plnol.ls uot}ppuauuoral e Surldalle +ou ro+ suospouaaurl reno pe8els aq uorlnlos e upf, ro uua;qotd aq1 Surssatppe ,{lped ;o {em ant+leJJereqlouP ereql sr '(suollecr;dLur

1so: qSrq o+ onp 'eldulexa lo+) uotlepueuruof,ej eldope o1 a;qrssod lou sr 1 +l

'uor+elaprsuol anp uenlS e;e suot+ppuoruulolel +tpne lpqlluepodur sr 1; 'uosrad pa;nfur ue ]o senrlpluase;der Iq lq8nos aq {euu uotle+ueulnloplrpne aq] 'qse;l e +o +ua^o eq+ ul 'fuolepueLu

+ou elp suotlppueurulolal ltpnv

'(uv)) ,+lodeu uorllv o^rlleljo], p pallpl

seurqauos sr lueunlop esuodsal srqf 'luerll eq+ +o ent+p+uese;dat e z{q pau8rs eq +snu+uaunlop asuodsar eqf 'uorlppueuLuof,e;

llpne ftana pup qlee o1 asuodsat uollume qllm '(reu8rsap eqt ro) tuorll ell] {q o1 papuodser aq lsnu stql 'u8rsep aq1 ,to ,{1a;esaq1 anordur ol suor+epueuuolel aleuu I;;ensn lltM pup sulefuof, {lartes perrLrluaprs,rlpe+ +rpnp oq+ s+ueunlop poder lrpne eq1 'ssa:ord

lpLuro+ p st +tpnp {lertes peoy

3ur1um ur Uodar llpnp ue ol SurpuodsaX 'g

'121a{ euop ueaq }l seq) suot+lp ,ro snlp+s +uallnl oq} 'uoqm ziq 'uaqnn {q'uorlppueuruoler qlpa o1 asuodsar ut ue)pl eq o1 uot+le eq1 :podat ltpnp q)Eo lo3 .

amor..l pup - upal +rpnp oql s]leles oqM 'pa+tpnp oq o1 spaford eql s+lelas oqM -

aqSnorql pamollo+ eq lllm suor+lp pealSe eql ernsua lllm oq44 -

apodar uorltp anrllollol eql;;o uFrs lllM oqM -

ipodar lrpnp up o1 puodsa.r lllM oq6 -

:spoder +rpnp q+rm 3ur;eep lo+ se;npalord paluauuncop pup paut+ap lloM .

:spnllur o+ speou alnpololo srql

suorlepueuLuofer llpnP LlltM Fep o] sernpelord 'v

'palJa olut suoqepuautLuoeJ Upne paat8e 4nd o7 :uo$DapaLn JoJ ?u4uu ut suoseal en8 o7 'asrMJaLlJo papDep sr y anqta 'pue

paTuewaldu aq pnoqs !pne fiaps peot aL# ]o suo7epueuuto)al aLll JaLflaLlMe?pnl o1 ltauueut e^rpalJa ue ut suoqepuaututo)u Upne qylA leap ol:en4calqg

Uodar ]!pne aL{} o} Surpuodsa; B'9

'suuelqord per+r+uepr eql Suriuoueno ro,t suorlsaSSns jo+ )sp ol rau8rsapeql ro,t {lrunpoddo ue aprnotd uer Surlaeu eqj 'uo++um sr yodet aql ero}eq euopeq slq+ lpq+ elqpre+erd sr 11 1nq '3ur1aauu slqt +p ponlosal aq uel s8urpuelsrapunstw'suor+epueuurofer aq+ qlrnn eer8esrp o1 {lrunpoddo ue se pemet^ eq }ou plnoqs }l

'auoqda;a1r{q palapdLuol eq uPlllpnp oql'esrMreqlo 'spaford anr+rsues n nlew ro+ papaou eq {;uo,{eu SurlaaLu;o ad,{1srql 'sdo;anap

llpnp Ilartes q1m acuauadxa sV 'suotlppueutuof,er +o aJn+eu aql pup

ssero;d lln+ oll+ qlrm sluedrrrped Sursuer;ruert {q Surure;1 ut lstssp o1{lrunpoddo ln}esne eq uel 11 reu8rsap eq+ rolpup +uarl, aqt pu'e ro]tpnp aql e^lo^ut ;;rm SurleeLu slql

'uorJ)e aAq)u)o) JoJ suorJepuawwo)al aqJ ssmep o1 :enqtalqg

Surlaau uorlaldtuor e 3urp1o11 l'g

Page 50: Highway Safety Handbook

€v]tpnP ̂]ajes peor e 3ut]lnpuol

srea^ ueJ Ara^a a)uo uPql ualjo sse'lalqeqordLUl

srPa^ ual lo e^rrr fua^a aluOlPuorsPllo

()eeM p aluo ueql ssel inq) rpa^ red erou ro aluclelqPqord

)aaM red erouj lo aJuoluenbarJ

uo!ldulsec{ruenber3

'posn eq plnoqs luaLua8pnf ;euotssartord pue uuap{s lr}t}uans P }ou st slql 't'9 elqel ulqreordde luerrrlper] papaSSns slr pup t'9 elqe-L ut fto8aler )su eql lleles stql Luorl s+t+

lseq enssr aLla'9 elqel pue t'9 elqel utfuo8aler qlrq^ olurourule+e6 '1r o1 puodsar o1Moq pue )su +o la^al eql +o uorlplrput ue aptnord o+ In+esn aq {euu se;qe1 Sutnnollo+ eq-L

'o1 papuodser puP pessesse eq ,{eu

)su qnqM ur ,{enn auo aprnord v'g ol ,'9 salqPl')su eq} SutSeueu lnoqP e)l^pPSuuaeurFua {1a;es peor leuor}rppp pue luauua8pnI SuuaeutFua saltnbal slq]

'urpq aq+ Surrnpa; ut ,{paulel p +o ssaue^r}leJ;a arll .

puP '(slueuilPaj+

a^rlpurellp le;a^as aq {eu arar.ll) Luelqold aq1 SutIpeuat }o }sol aq} .'Lureq

lPql ;o ,{luanas aq1 .'(ZJnl:o &nlur .ro a8euep

lq8rr-u uaryo MoLi) urrpq ur llnser ;;rn ua;qotd pet,trluapr eL{} tPql pooqrlelrl eql .

:replsuol ol speaura8Bueu paford e 'e^loser ol llnrlJllp sr lpq+ uor+Ppueujtuofer lrpne uP q+lm perPJ

'ue;qord aq] enlosar ol redeaqlJo rersee aq lllM lr supeu Illereua8 s!qI 'passelppe aq uel ue;qold ;e4ua1od erauoos eql 'uelepepun sr llpne uP lelpee aq1

"i;ureya3 alalpea ua>lpuapun uaeq

enpq +rpnp up plnol :ssa:o;d uFtsap oql +o Upls alll i? etl uef, ramsue eql +o UPd

zuollPpustuLilolel]rpnp up ldar:e ol lou ro Jeqleqm epoap ra8eueu lraford P saop MoH

' ' ' aaJ8e ]ou ro aar8e oI

'asuodsar eq+ ur pelrel+ar aq plnoqssrql 'pepafa.l sr uor+ppuaLuurofer eql +nq

'paldaore sr Surpur,t aq1 ,tr '1ulod pllql eqlq+rm 'oslv '3ur1um ur lno +es aq +snur suoseal aq1 lulod pltq+ ro puolas al{l +o esel aq}u; uBrsepar eLl+ olur se8ueqr aq1 alerodrolur ol uotllP ue {;dLurs st +r ssalun'peprolereq plnoqs (ueqm pup tuoqm {q 'a;duexe ro}) uot}le pasodord aq1 '1urod }srt+ eql q}lM

'lle +E uorlepuaLuuoler aq1 Surlderre 1ou .

ro 'uua;qord Ilarres eq1 Sutn;osar o1 {em aq1 ,to ped I;uo oF qrrqm sa8ueqrSurluaLua;duu! 's+urei+suol reqlo ol enp '+nq ,aJdr:uud ur, to ped ur 1t Sutldacoe .

',{enn enrlra;;a,{;;enba raLl}oup ur ro uor}ppueurLuolar }rpne eq} q}tm eutl ul'Lua;qord eql elnpor ro aurorre^o o+ uoqnlos e Sutu8tsep pue ,(;alaldiuoc 1r 3ut1da:re .

:raqlra Iq o1 papuodsar aq uer podar lrpne {1a1es peor eql ur uorlepuotutuoler Lllel

aqsPrl P ol peel o1 {a4;1 ruelqold eql s! ueuo ̂ oH : t'9 elqEl

Page 51: Highway Safety Handbook

'MOl Sr 1SOC luatrllPerleqtr rr 'palnpaj

)su eql ro pallaloc eq plnoLls

'q3rq lou lnq 'elPrapou sr lsof +ueu+parl aql ]l'palnpar ,{11uecrruu8rs )srr eql ro pallerol eq plnoqs

'q8tq st lsol luauleoll aql +r ua^e'palnper ,{;luecrruuSrs )su aq+ ro pallojrol aq plnoqs

'palrerol aq lsnw

qreordde lueul"e4 pa1se83n5ls!u

luerulEe4:t'9 elqul

e;qeqorduJlEuorsBlloluanbelg

{su lo le^eltu$lnse, eql :t'9 elq?I

'lsoo olur sasra^aj rPJ'1funfur peaq ou) pefqo o+ul s)pm upulsepod

'suorsrllol al3rqe^ paads-nno; eu-ro5,{;uo aSeuep llradord

rc hn[ur;ernu1 {1a111Pel!ur!'l'auel drls P ur qsPrs pua-rPar urnl-uel'paads nno; 1e a;r,{crq Luor; s;;e; 1s;;cr{3

'suorsrllol ellrqe^ paads-A ol euos,tnfur rouru ,{;a1r'1roulw'rct e Aq 1rq sr prqcr{3

'paads q8rq lP llnrls ueu+seped'pa[qo aptspeor paxt+ P

qlrm uorsrllol peeds-r-untpaLu ro q8rg'uorsrllol elllqe^

/eplqe^ paads-LuntpaLu ro q8rpitn[ur snouas

io qleep ,{;a111snoues'lauunl ro a8puq e;o esde;;o3

'eprllol re>luPl lorlao puP snBools snq pepMorl olur sunr JP)

'r{e,tnaa;rt e uoqserl ellrqa^-r1;nLu'paads-q8r;sqleap a;d4Jnuu {;a1r-1r;qdol1se1u3

se;duexluolldulseo{11rene5

2edfi-1ueplrtu Suglnser eql ro /q!ra^es I1e4;1 eql s! 1utl6 :Z'9 elqel

Page 52: Highway Safety Handbook

SV ]lPne ̂]ajes Peol e SullrnPuol

'uoos llrnq aq ol sr puP o3P+s

uSrsop pelrplep eql paq)per seq lleford eq1 +t uollelaplsuol luPpodull {;.re;nrrped e st

srqf 'lrpnp s,eSpls uStsop +xau eql lojt SulllPM uPq+ laqler 'e+PudorddP oq IPLU uSlseppesl^er aql +o +tpnp requn+ p 'uSrsap eql o1se8uPql luPlllluSls aIPU o+ papllop slll+l

llpnP +uenbesqns'e ro+ peeu aqf 'c

'sujalqold luPf,l+lu8ls q+l^ pel?l3ossP >lsll aLll alnpel o] suol+do

alqrssod raLllo +o uollPreplsuol puP (suollPllldul lPlluPu!] 'eldLuPXa lo+) uelPl eq

louuPl uolpP {qM +o uollPuPldxa uP '(,' ' ' eerSP lou lo ealSP oL) losul snol^eld

ell+ ur slurod +o uoll€raplsuos E sl 'spaau esuodsol ,{ue leqnn puP '>llel sasuodsalaseql lpqM iasla euoeuos ̂q lelllPa ul lnd aleM sllaho paxl+ eql osnneqLuelqord s,JaBPuPtu llefold aql lou s,+! teq+ lo 'se+ls elldllo+s Surpur; Luelqolde peq r(1uoq1np ppor eql ]eql lo 'uo jeqpn+ Lu>l € peol aql JJo paree^ ler eq+ peq

#o osjoM ue^e ueaq a^Pq plnoM oqs ro eq Moul o+ re^up eql lo+ Uo+Lllol aHll +oeq plnom +l a(re^Mpl leq ro srq Iq ro; pua elue+ plPn8 e lo a;1dpo1s P taller.ls snq

eql q1M uorsrllol e ut patn[ut auoaulos ,{q parrnarn eq sasuodsa; aseql lq8rru rrnog

,']uaur+perl pue pajlof eql llelsut o1 pauueld st uolpe ou puu ,{1uor'rdp paleprsuol lou st lt 'uot8el stql ut alual prenF raqlo qltnn pateduo3 'euel

3ur>lepano eq+ lo uor+lnrlsuol ero+eq pallnllsuos sPM aluej plen8 aq1 1;y,,'porp aql ur selrs a;rd1co1s Me] aJP areql sP panoural eq louuel selldpolsaqf 'aurl a8pa aq1 uol+ ur 9 ol Lu g'L ulqtlm sear+ Ogt ale eleql qlnos aqto1 rul € a;duexa )o+'euoz reall eql ulqllm slcaho seq ,{e,rnq8rq slql }o }sow'par;r1snf pa;aprsuol lou st lr Sutnou.t ;o asuadxe eqt 'eull a8pe eq1 LUol+ tu ?sr ll 'euel 8u;lepano eq+ uo llom aro+eq pepnlpuof, sPM le]laqs snq eqf,

sasuodseU'aoua; pren8 eq1

o+ uorluel1e Ae4'peot stql lo+ souoz rPell aleudordde elepulal ol uoqle elelsuor+Ppue{.ur.uo3eu

'quaullpall pue ales e^Pq lou op lnq 'aur; a8pe oql rameu A ou

elp alua+ prenS lo suo4las ealql ,'spa^lnt xoq pue a1e3ar33e rto sa;td1ro1s pue

relleqs snq alerluol p epnput esaqJ 'euoz leell Meu aql ulL{+l/v\ qra[qo paxt1,senssr {1arre5

:aue; 3ut>lepeno uP

aprno.rd o+ peol ,{ent-on4 'euPl-o/i^l e So f,ettte?etljes eq} uaplM o} palord P ]o ]lpneSuruedo-ard e Suunp opeu suorlepuauuof,ar o1 sesuodse; Surmo;;o; aql iaplsuol

'Sutrnllo qsprl p ]o lua^e aql ut luaunrop r;1qnd e auoleq ,(eu 1r

tpq] purru ul Suueeq 'podar uorlle a^r+lerrof, eql SurLuer; lnoqe ualel aq plnoqs

arer 'ped ur ,{;uo paldarre st :o palderrP +ou st uo4epuauulof,el llpne uP ueqM

suollepuaulLuofal ]!pne o] sasuodsal SulLuerl

'palueLua;dLur sr uorlnlos paar8e aql ltlun pepoau

aq {eLu +uauleerl req}o lo uot+eeutlep 'Sutu.telt ,{teloduual ells uo a;qtssod se uoos

sp pelueualdLll aq ol peau suotpe aq1 'a8e1s Suruado-ard aql lB sl auo ;1 'suua;qold

I1a;es aq1 sserppe 1eq1 se8ueqr uBtsep dolanap ol setl ;auStsap aq1 'paluar"ua;du-rr

eq o+ paau suorllp peat8e aql 'pestleut+ ueaq seq podar uol+le a^l+lerrol eql oluO

se8upql peerSp aLl+ SutlueLueldLUl 'lr

Page 53: Highway Safety Handbook

IIII

'sue^lnf, puP sllsMPuaq allls-Plo uEql sresn Peoi ol lsu ssal asod aseql sPqlns sernpnJls 'spr?Puels uglseP rares lo uolldoPP eql ol pusl uPl sltPnE ulorl lleqpeel

aa+pudorddp spodar +rpnp o] sesuodsa; eql are ipatrulueptSuraq sue;qord luerr;ru8rs are leJdoad 1o xrLr lq8u aq1 e^pq supel +tpnp op lpal;pneSuraq su8rsap +uaou+ns ere :se;npelold ltpne olut lleqpaal elqenle^ aptnord ue3 stql'1pne up ur paledrrlup aram sLua;qord eql Joqleqm 'os

1t 'pue Suulncro ate suua;qold

Llsprl reqlaqm eas ol 'llrnq arp Iaql ra4e slea{ aarql ol euo ro+ paro+ruotu oq ol paauspaford uFrsep pelrpnpun pup palrpne 'sltpne Luorl eFpa;mou1 Sulute8 1o ,{enn e sy

'lreford e ;o sa8els a^rssallns l? rnlto slrpne ueqm lptJuesse st dels stql '(f oderuorllP 3^r+laro) aql ,to ,{doo e uoq} puas 'e;dLuexo lo+) +lpnP llaql o1 papuodsernoI nnoq lnoqp slolrpne noA asr^pp 'slrpnp arnln; ano;dur of 'srolrpnp o+ )leqpeol .

'se8ueq: lsanbar pue '{lartes pastuordt-uor

e^?q qlrqm quaruleerl prepupls ;o sa;dLrexa {ue lnoqe sprepupls pue slenueui

+o suerpolsn: ftuoqlne ppor elpls ;no,i pe1uo3 'sprepue+s pest^el olut )leQpaeJ o'salrs laureluJ pue sdno.r8 uorssnf,srp lrprJ-a {1a;es peor asn 'srPutues

luarudolanap leuorssa,rord ur s:rdol lrpnp epnpul 'uorssa;ord eql ol ̂lpreua8 peqpaal .'sanssr paleadar Jo uoturuof, arp areql ,tl eas o+ spodal +rpnp Mernal 'srcaA

So e;dno:fian3 '(q1nn pel€ooss? ]ou are ,{eq1 s1:e[ord uo) sLuee] ]tpn" ut pepnllut slau8tsapoAeH 'lla ',{lerres sA sprppup}s, ',Mernar taed, q1r,rn pe+?tlossp sonsst lrlelqold Iue qlrnn

lPac 'alr#o eql urqlrM pessnlsrp pue pelPlnljrr ,{laprnn ale spoder uol}lP e^lpajjo3

pue spoder lrpnp ernsul 'uo4estueS;o eues aLll ulqllm speford reqlo olul )leQpaeJ o'1:aford +ue;rnl aql olur lleqpeel .

:epnllur )reqpeaj ro] sor+runuoddo aq1

'su8tsap ernln+ lrlauaquer u8rsap auo ol perldde aluauadxa Suueaut8ue Ilartes peor eql +Pq] os 'a8ueq: rol

pl;e1er aql aq plnoqs s+rpnv ure8e pue ute8e epeu eq lllM ,sa>lelsLu, euPs eq+ lPql ISU Psr areql 'sserord u8rsep eql o+ur )lpq pa+ sr s+rpnp uro.rl paule8 a8pa;nnou1 eql ssalun

'stau?sap )ryJe4 pue peot loluauaq )eprM aqJ roq 'ltpne ue wuq paure8 a?pelnnou4 aLl? aleutwasslp of

paureB a8palanoulaq] )req Surpaa; - dool oq] Sulsolf 6'g

Page 54: Highway Safety Handbook

11, llpne ̂lo]es peol e Sullrnpuo3

'a8puq p +o saprs L{}oq upq} raqlpr 'eprs auo uo eu'el umop)Patq {:ua8laue ue .

pue lreqlo eql upLll raq+pr 'umol e +o epts euo ol ssed,{q e .

ls;eu8rs ll#pr1 ueql raqler 'tnoqepunor e .

:A1aps ur Juerfr+ap aq o1 pa8pnl rale; are 1nq'pau8rsap pup pallales {;1er1rur are slda:uor Surnno;;o; aq1;r su8rsep SurSueq: fu1ra1e1o+ aq plnom il ]lnrl#lp MoLl raprsuol )elel {;r1:ar o1 a;qtssodut lsoullP eq ,{eLu a8elssrql +e Elrelur u8tsap ro ldetuor aleudotddeu! uP,Lo uotlleles aq1 's1raford ra8le; q1144

'{1r1rar o1 l;1sor eq uel 1da:uor aleudorddeur uP ro uor}leles eq1 'lPtlr+aueq eq uel-+alJq ra^a^ oLl-]rpnp ue'arueLuropad {1a1es pa;rte lltM +ueLU}Par} +o elloql llseqeLll areqM :aFpnI ol preq aq {euu enlp^ slt 'pe}]npuol st ltpnu ue ltlun

'1nq '1ue:tltu8rs

ssal aq r{eLu a8els srql s}uotu3^ordrut e;e:s-lleurs lo saruaqls luaua8eueur )\J:|,l )oi

'1noIe; pup requrnu 'uor+elol 'adfi a8ueq:relur rouor]lasrolur pup')rom+au luarelpe Sutlstxa eq] qllm {ltnutluor pue uo 1:edLur

'alloql

e+nor'sprppuels u8tsep se qlns sensst leluatuepun, eluanl+ut uel lrpne {1e;es peor'1:aford e ;o e8els Ilrlrqrsee; aq1 1e lndur SutteeutFua rilales peo; rtlt:ads Surplnord {g

slrpne a8els ftrlrqrseel (,'l

'lsuado 1:aford aql reryp lsnlauop 1l ,Suluado-1sod, ro; a8els Suruado-ard aq1 .

'a8e1s uFrsap pelre+ap aLlf .-la8els,u8rsap ++up, eql s? ol perre+at l;snornatd; a8els u8tsap fieuliul;a;d aq-1 .

'(,tauq uBrsap eql +o llpne SutpnJrur; a8els {1t;tqtsea} eql .

:uorlelueuraldLur o1 ldatuo: tuor+ speelord uBlsepe se sa8els Surmo;;o,r aql +o aroLu ro euo lp ua4plrepun aq {euu llpne fta1es pPor V

'lueLUuor^ua lerrs{qd lteql puP

s;esn ppo.r uaemlaq ro's;esn ppo; luereJ;tp uaeMleq suot+leralul re+le ol {;a1t1 st 1eq1

;esodord {ue uo pellnpuol eq upl +l '}llnq st 1:aford lr#Prl ro peor P ero}aq u8sap e

o1 parldde sr +r uaqm l1a;es Surnordurt ro; ;el1ue1od lsalear8 eql sEq lrpne IlarLes peo6

lerauaD L'I

su8lsop peor Jo ]lpne agl

Page 55: Highway Safety Handbook

BV

'sa8pls Jalpl le s}pne ro+ paau aql a+p8eu lou saop

lr la^a^ oH ralpl uSrsep rood p ,dn xr,t, o1 3urfu1 eurl +o lunoup snourloue upe^ps uel;auq u8rsap eql +o lrpnp uV 'ppor aql to firlrqeppar pup ef,uplsrp lq8rs a4;sanssr ,{1a;es lrseq uo pedurr eile^pp up e^pq up3 puo+uf, u8rsep }o aloql tood y

'pesn eq plnoqs u8rsap loeile re;norped eql ol +upnelersllrls pup ecueuadxa Suuaaur8ua {1e;es peor pue u8rsep Ll}rM slo}rpne z{1ug

'papnllur +ou sluauerrnber ,{1e;es ppor lrspg .

'slrnj+;o uorlerado arps aq+ ro+ pualrl u8rsap +o aluasqe aql .'pafo.rd aql +o sluaurala raqlo uo pedur

,{1a;es asranpp up eneq upl uorlplr+rf,ads auo Moq lnoqp uorlerrardde +o >llpl V .'e;qrssod aq o1 enord eseq+ ereqm 'su8rsap

Jaileq roJ Mollp ]ou op pup pr8rr oo1 e;p lpql sluaua;rnba; u8rsap unururw .'(peor

lPua1-le ue uo paadsu8rsap q/ur) 09 e 'a;dulexa rol; aleudordde 1ou ere lpl{l sprppupls o+ oluera}au .

'a1lle.io

lsaq s,pl;o^ .raFuo; ou alp Jo alpp +o lno are lpq+ sprppup+s 01 aluararau .

:alll sualqoid ureluor,{eu ;euq u8rsep oqI 'urpo+ u8rsep ,lpurelxa, ue ,{q pau8rsap aq o} sr peford euaqm sluauarrnbal reqlo pup sprepupls u8rsap ,frreds ol pasn e;p sleuq u8rsap'rillerrdr{1 'pe;eprsuof, eq plnoqs ;aug u8rsaq eqt }o llpne {1a1es ppor

" '+aug

u8rsaq p 'o slueuarrnbar aq1 o1 Surprorre pau8rsap sl +eq+ lraford ,{ue q1r11

Jallq u8rsap aq] ]lpne - suels uSrsap alolaB

'e8e1s I111gq;seel eql lp senss! {1e;es ;o sed{1 aseql o1 s.reuSlsep ilale uer llpneuV 'luapnle

lelllul up rery? eupl epls-uplpau eq1 u; paddols selllqs^ Iue ssed o1 1due11esre^rrp sp saqsprl llel-ol-esou {.rupuooas }o pooqllelll eql eseenur lllM replnoqs opls-uplporuqlplm-llnt e lnoqlrm Ielaae.r; eu?l-earql e uo prppu?ls uollres-sson e ldope ol uolsllap V

Page 56: Highway Safety Handbook

6V)rpne ̂loles peor e Surlf,npuo]

'lde)uol

u3;sep e1e;rdo.rddeu;eq1 {q paleelr

ureJqord eql eleulullera^eu IIM sue;rlsepad

ol serllou tlll,l^

,dn-x11, /el"l eql 'rl#prl

iaao {ur$ 1o 1q3;r ueql8u1n13 se sueglsapad {q

{;1re.r.roru r pe1ald.re1u Iueeq s?q ql!qM

'speor eql ssolle turnud

llrrq saPnllur lueuleeJluolllesrelu! s!qI

'suo;1er;;dur; I1e;essnouas seq peJo.rd

Surueprnn eq1 ;o a8e1s

lderuor eql lE uolslrops;q1 {enne8u;uur

elerudes e Sugpg;nqueql raqler'Iur'na8egrrer

3ug1s1xe aq1 8u;uap;rtrIq 1so: uolllnrlsuof,

lsol^ol lE pa^elqJesP/\^ seuel o^Al raqunl eSulppv 'peor Ienn-oan1

'euel-oMl E Pa^lo^ulpPor slql Jo uorpnjlsuof,

a8uls lstt; aq1

'r;;4er1 3u;p1;;uor

,ro uollepedxaMol eql ol enp

sure;qord qs?rl a^Pqo1 ,{1e1r1 erP seunlo^

l!#?rl Mol qll/!/\ sloorlseP!s le slnoqepunoJ oql

'pezaanbs ere slsg;r{3'elnor )!#Erl s!ql

asn plnoqs e;doed rvroq

lnoqe se8esseu paxrusenl8 slnoqepunor laarlsl?rol pue spuelsl '8u;ned

Iruq lo lueulPerl slql

Page 57: Highway Safety Handbook

0s

'I1ue;grrue; q8norqlsanss; 8u;ss;ru ol leuolssa;otd reqlo IuB se auo/d se eq upl u8;sep s,pafold uqlrm llperp pallonul seuoraq oqnn raeulSua {1e;es peol V .u81sep;o se8uls.rele;lp llpnp {1a;es peor luepuadapu; uE lol peeu eq1 alu8au lou seop ssarord s1q1

'r{lartes lnoqe

slueutuol 3ur1e;odlorur ,to sr{enn enr}puie}le aneq ,{eu pup MetA lopporq loluerajJrp p e^eq uogo upt luotll aqf lau8rsap aq1 {;uo upq} Jaq}pl ,suorssnfsrp

,{lartes eq1 ut luatll eql e^lonut o1r{lrunpoddo ue seprnold +l .suotstntpqns puFnpulpup lptluaptsal e)tl sluaudo;anap elenud pup seuaqls loul.! ,seuaqts ppolroleut qlrnn a;qe:lldde sr Suuaaur8ue ,{larres ppol }o uotsnlf,ut patrp ,{;lea srql

'sa8els reiel +p sl3eql ,{1e1es raqlo pue Surlrpne luapuedapur ,{q dn pamolloisr taau€ua ,{larres peot p ,r.o luaue^;onur r{;.ree srql '}tpn"

lptujo} p [uoj+ esuasseurleuros uBo s;au8rsap +pql euol ,ure8e 1 op 'Suotan sl slq+, aq1 u.rotrt {ennesla8 slql 'su8lsap {.reutLurlatd uo luads st eutl alo+eq paieptsuol aq o1 ,{lartess^ olle 11 'r.ua1s,is

lueuaSeueu u{lartes s,;r:uno] rto ped se ,{urlnlos prlrur oSlepunslralold sltonn ;elrdec 1;e

's8urlaau eseq] lV 's]salelur Jeqlo pup sdno;F tasn:r;rreds lo+ sa+ef,o^pp lteq+ sp lla/v\ se '{1a;es io} e}p)onpp s,louno3 Furn;onurs8uqaaur le;n8er sploq lrun slaarls [1111pue1ee7maN) ltruno3 l{1r3 q:rnqtpuq3

'pauilolsutelq ate slrafotd nnau eleqm ,s8u4eaul senssr u8rsep-etd,ur 'pe1s eql uol+ lq8u slolrpne paruauadxa Surn;onur ele suollpstue8lo auo5

]lpne a8els ftr;rqrseay e o] a^tleuralle ue:Uels aq] ]e slll)s Sulraaur8ua {layes peor Surpndul

'ete1s u8lsep {.reurur;e.rd aql ltlun pet}tluapt eq 1ou {eu (1;e;ssorr deelseql ol anp s{emaprs 8uJ4re.r1 selllqa^ alll) spr?zpq a;q;ssod Jaqlo .uotleluu;d eq1 ul {ealqe ur peddols sellqa^ rol eleaJt p;noan lderuol sl,ll pr?zeq aq1 Iy;1uapr p;nom lrpne e8el5{1;;;qrseal V 'eupl elrIo;q e eprno.rd ol ul t.t ol pomoluu Suraq s; uo11e1ue;d eptm Lu 9.9 V

dru.Is lunlvN 0NvHIVdIOOJ

6L

N0uvun!rJN0) SNvt DNU-SrXlll

I xoBddv e c

| ,n,unno,

l vA 19 vluii v-lv

u.t N! l

9NDUyd | !NV-i DNrNNnu I lNvi DHNrn!tz I Bz I Bz

1v)rdll-x] tv)tdAlIL ii SZ

DNr)!vd i3NV'r ,r>trel

tHvr gNrNNnu I

lHvr lrrr,rrunf

"F,g*ry 96

Page 58: Highway Safety Handbook

LIlrpne ̂lajes peor e 3ul]lnpuo]

eeraqMeslepepaau suoM leuo4rppP erP io 'alPnbepe pafojd aq+ +o adols aql sl -

ea+psun aq ro sasrurordluol enlonur Sur8els 1;nt -

eluelsrsuol ]r sr -

aluauuor^ua slr olur +u +r seop Motl -

1ralord oql ruoj+r{enne pue sperp uor}rsuer} ur s}leJ+e replsuol pue peford aq1 puo,iaq lool of

suorlelradxa ;asnpu? peor io ad,i1 aql qllm e;qrleduor er? sprppupls u8tsap eql lpq+ >lloql oI

suorlepadxaJesn pup ppor 'o ad,{1 aq1 qlrm e;qrledruor sr ldaruo: eq} lptl} )leql 01

u8rsap eq+ ur pe;eprsuol ueeq aneq sdnor8 rasn ppor {1a>1r1 ;;e ernsue of

parnolP sr puPl Jo elueuuof,su8rsap ef,uo ,ur pellol, eq upl lpql sualqold ,{1a;es snor^qo p!o^p of

a8ueq:;o; adors lsalear8 eql sl eraql uaqnr,{1e;es aluenl}ur of

suorldo ]o uollp;eprsuol eql olur Suuaaur8ue {lartes lndur o1

ia8els rfir;rqrsearr aq] ]e ]!pne {qnn

'Suguue;d ryomleu ueqrn lo sa8els l;.rea aql l? apeu aq I;uo u?f, srellelu

eseql lnoqe suorsoec 'suorlrunl rl;Jprl lo 3u;x1u eql ro uorsr^o.rd alenbepeul u? upr4l saqs?rtrJamal ur llnsar lllM

'uollrunl f,r#prl ssellp l?lol ? qllm speor uo/l ale.redas 'sppor lplreilp lo

(azrs pup Surreds u1) uolsrnord elenbape up sr ersql qrlqm ul 'r(qrteterq peor upqrn rpell V

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Page 59: Highway Safety Handbook

'sluaueAou

uPlrlsaped puP alllqe^{;e1r1 eq1 .ro; alenbepu eres8u;tu;1 pue s8u;suqd eq1

leql lleql 's;eu8;s rr;;ur1

q111tr 'u31sep aq1 e1e11o8eueslMrsqlo puP suollresrelu I

le urnl ol alqe erP psor

lo ssPll eql rol ,elllqe^Ileqr, pue,allrqa^ u3;sap,a1u;rdo.rdde eql leql llaq)

'1sp lear81e suer.rlseped slnd nnous1q1'epertdn uolllosralul;oleu B Supnp pe.ra1;eun

Uel uaaq suq aue; d;;sujnl-ual ? ur snururol snqpaqsr;qe1se-8uol P'alsF.

apeuglsepe"r ro pa^ouer'paJolle aq uer ll os edorss,1re[o.rd eql ur popnl]ul aqol pesu elnlPal leql seoo

aol?sun ernleol 8u;1s1xa uea>1eu lnoIe; Mau eql llr114

'enssr ue qlrm Surleap +o AeM prppuplsp ]ou st ll asnpraq {ldLurs '{1a;es

}o la^el pooS e sPq +Pql uol+e^ouur ue el+l}s }ouseop lrpnp u? leq+ arnsue o1 papaau st oJPJ '{13uotnn ueq} esn {etu srasn pPol eJeLlMptezeqp aq upl sarn+peJ palradxaun ro lualsrsuolu; pertnbar sr luarle8pnISuuaeut8ua:suua;qord l1ales aq 1ou,{eLl )o Aeu.l asaql'se;nlea+,lensnun, lllluapt ,{eLl lrpne aq1

'alueu[uof

slal]eul leSel polelloss? rsqlo pue uoqtstnble pupl se ',e8e1s slql rslre o^olL133 ol rspreqqlnu aurolaq luaLru8rle peor ut se8ueqc 1ue:tltu8ts luanbasqns

'slraford ra8re; lo1

'3ul3e1s pup poreprsuol uaeq aneq sdnotS.rasn {;a4r;

llp reqlaq^ 'suorlplol sserle 'suor+elol rtlrads 1e ro {1;eraua8 sprepuels paldope 1ossaualeudordde aq1 'qno,{e1 uor}losra}ul 'slueuruFtle

leltUa^ puP le}uozuoq apnpul lllMsuorlpraprsuor ;ertd{1

'+sore}ur +o suot+plol rtrLtrads leq+o puP suoqlos;alul ro} alels 009: L

pue luaLuuBr;e;erauaF aql roj aleudotdde oq uel OOOL:L I;aleuulxordde 1e sFutnner6

'pe+rpnp aq plnoqs qlpo 'uorlp+lnsuor rr;qnd rort pado;enap ueaq a^Pq seureqls a^qeule+le

1p '1no{e1

lpuor+lun+ ro u8tsap peot Arcww11erd aq1 ;o uorlagduol uo srnff,o llpne slql

slrpne aSels uSrsap ,fueulLUllald t I

Page 60: Highway Safety Handbook

t9]rpnP ̂lojes peor e Surllnpuol

'u8rsep eq1 ,{11poru ro pupl erou ettnblB ol Paau eq1 o1 s.reutlsop aql uele p;nor e8els u81sep

Lreu;ur;;erd er{l lP llpnP uv 'le^al tuotrvr eq1 lP sl qllqm pue alua} pren8 aq1 uo 3u;;edu; lo le^o

8ur;;o.r ;o lsgr 1ee"r8 lp srp sellrqe^ luerrl 'lell lo p?alsul 8u;dols sl qllqm BerB elo8 MoJlPu

E seq ll 'lqgll ool sg duet-go sgql ;o u8;sep oql /uolleruesel peor elenbepeul uP lo esneleg

'lueuuor!Aua aPlspsol alqP^uPM3u aql to llleusq aql sarnpal slql

'pe[o.rd aql lo lltull aq1 puo{eq

lsnl'ge; ueeq s?q llPM pua Uo^lnlelqesra^Prl-uou y '1ra[otd eq1 ;osllull aql puo{aq slool llpne uV

'uorlrsod elqPrauln^ arou P ul aq ̂eu qrafqo pexl+ -

AJUelSTSUOf, -

:elduipxa ro+ 'peol Surlsrxa eql ol suorllauuoi eql lp slrPlap lreql of

a8els u8rsappaFPlap P ]e pepeau aq lllM uol+ueuP alaqM sPale ol slauStsap uelP of

slutod +lrlluor Jaqlo puP slno^Pl uollleslalul Peql 01

sonPq uo +leJ+a s+l pue qlpr^ uoqPruesel pPor oqt +o ̂lenbepP aql lleqs ol

.col pdelw sse3f,P ,{1.rado.rd sl -

aalpudojdde uo4las ssoll puP lueuuSlle sl-

aselr^op aas sjasn pPor uPl -

4jeqlo qcPa aes slesn pPol uPl -

e^lelPs urn] sellrqe^ uPl -

:elduPxa Jo+ 'pelaplsuol uaaq eAPq slesn ,i1a>1t1 |p lPql llaqtr o1

sprepuels uor+ uaaqa^Pq ereq+ sornuPdep lPqM pu? pesn uaoq eAPq sp.lPpuels lEqM lleLll ol

ouop srlrpne a8ep uSrsap paltplap e {1uo y autl uStsap,{psor Surpem plone of

lrpnp snornerd B ut pessrril 8urq1{ue !;1uep1 o1

,{lsnotnard auop ueeq o^Ptl }ou ,{eu.r ltpne uy

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la8els u8rsap {reururlald aq} }e }rpne {qnn

Page 61: Highway Safety Handbook

VA

ajelEs ll el?urol sernleal peppE IUP

Paeu l! seoc apepuelu!s? il esn su?ulseped

lllM asnore8uEp{;uessareu ll sl lnq

'suo;10;ps;rnf lsoru ular;1rurd plEpu?ls lou

s! uPlPau MorJPu Pssone Surseqd

ueylsapad ,1;1ds, s;qt

'puplsl lprluer eql llq pu? 3u1>peureur; rol $l)!q allqM eql uelelslut

e^pq sra^up euos 'eupl euo lo rllplm aql sr suol^eqr lrlrq oll4m oql uoemleq 8u;ruds eql pues,peor eql ol r?llruls sr rnolof, {rpq s,puplsl eq1 l;aleunpolun 'ssausnonrrdsuor slt eseelJulol puuls! lprluel pesler u salerodlorur (Sur4reueu;; pue su8gs pueleez /r^eN plepu?ls rlllm)

lnoqupuno; spll 'pellpne tu;aq 1o {qyorur erc fia;es e)upque o1 peuE;sap sle ql!q^ spafold ueng

'slrelep pa;rnber eql ureluor +Eql s8urMprp qllM paprnord ere sjolrpne eq] ]pq+luepodur sr +r snqf 'e8els Suruedo-eld eql lrlun per+rluepr lou erp sLuelqo;d +r rnlloesrMraq+o,{eLu leqi saSuPql alnurur-}spl qlrM pe}PDossp eluPqJn+srp puP s+sol aqlornpor ol r.llnu op upl a8els u8rsep slql +p lrp+ep o+ uor+ue+lv'sluauo8upr)e )tJ+ulaq+ pup 1no{e; peo; eql+o spplep :,slrplep eql, q+lm paula)uol qrnuu fien sr}rpnp srqf

'I esn o+ ,{;e1r; sdnor8 rasn ppor }uere#rp eq} llp ro+ eluaqls aq} +ouorlerado eq] lleJJp ;pnn u8rsap aql rto slcadsp eseq+ Moq sreprsuol trlee+ +rpne aqt 'r+o's;eu8rs Aue So slrplep'sreurpq 'spalqo oprsppol 'Surdecspue; 'Surruarr '3ur1q8r; 'e8eurctp'SutryeLuaur; 'Suru8rs 'slrplep

1no{e; uorllasla}ur oslp }nq 'lueuu8r;e pue 1no{e; peot

;ereua8 aq1{;uo 1ou Suuanor 'Qa8reJro) al'els OOZ:t )o OOg:L tp eq o} peeu sSurnnerq

'1ra[ord eql pllnq ol pasn aq lllM 1eq1 sue;d aq+ smar^al+rpnp eqI 'seluauuol uoqlnrpuol eloleq u8rsep aq1 a8ueq: o1 ,{1runi-roddo +sel eq} sle8els srql 'uorlrsrnbre pue; ,{ue +o uoqesrlpur+ pu? s+ueunlop llpr}uol uor}lnr+suol +ouorleredard oql aro+aq 1nq u8rsap peoi polrplep eq+ +o uor+elduor uo srnllo +rpnp srqf

s]lpne a8els uSlsep paltelac v'l

Page 62: Highway Safety Handbook

9Slrpne ̂laJes peor e 3ut]lnpuo]

'slsuoloru

3u;ssed o1 1s1teseerlur Pu? suorl?lol

pesodxa I;sse;paauu; ere {eq1 'e1q;8uet1

eru selod 3ug1q31; aq1

lgu q8noqlly'pesodxeselod 8u;1q311 3u;nee;

'erunr E punoie Iunn pudsPue reuJeq alajf,uol

aq1 {ervre8er.uerSuruoruo aq1 ug '1;d

eql plelqs o1 q8noue3uo; 1ou sg erue; p.ren8

eq1 'alod 8u11q3;1 e

Pulqeq PallPlsur ueeqsuq elual pren8 y

'uolparlp s!tll u!l!#P,rl rol alqelle^e

s; eue; 1q3;.r eql leqlqsaSSns ll 'pallulsul

s! l! oraqM uorl?loleql rol peut;sap

I;Suorrrrr ueaq seq u81sprPpuels uP!lerlsnv uv

1{rualsrsuor ,{lpoadsa; peor Su4slxa eq+ ol suolpeuuol eLl} }P slelap )leql of .

s+uauels pellelop eq],o uolllPle+ul aql lJeql ol .

zluesajo svezeq pax!] ele -

aa+pudorddP uoqf,es ssolf puP lueuuSllP sl -

Lsaf,lAep ees sJesn peol uPl -

ejeL{lo qf,Pa ees slasn pPol uPf, -

e^lalPs urnl salllqe^ uEl -

:eduPxa lo+ 'peleplsuol ueaq anpq slesn ,{14>Jt1 ||e lPql llaql oI

su?ld edPlspuPl pup Surryeutaur; 'Sutu8ts eql llaqr oI

(lrpnP rerp"e uP Suunp euop uaaq lou sPq slql rt!) spi?puPls tuoll ueeqe^pq eroql sajnuPdap l?tl/v\ puP pasn uaaq e^eq spjspupls lPqM llaql of

,Jadpd uo, su8lsop Jelle ol alu?ql FPI aql s,ll

sa8uls snornerd ut Pesstt! Surqy(ue rtt;1uap; o1

sa8els snornard 1e auop uaeq e^eq 1ou ,(eu sllpnv

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Z agels u8rsap palrelop aL{} }e Upne Xqnn

Page 63: Highway Safety Handbook

9S

'lueplltrE p?or-#o-unr lue u1 {.rn[u; ;o {1;ranes aql aseal]ur lllm qrq^prezeq eprspeor ppp e tulrnpo.4ug {q 'e.raq sp Io saull 1q3;s 8ug4rolq ,{q rcq11a 'Vezeq E eq loup;noqs Surderspuel 'llpn? a8ep u8rsap pellplep e ro; paplnord aq ol paou s;p1ep 8u;derspuel

t;=!_l-E-rl-l

o.I- "

'suorlJesralur oml aql;o {1;tu;xord esop eql lnoqu sseuerpane peualq9laq e^pq plnol

l! asel spll u; 'a8ep u81sep qree lE llpne ue;o pud lueyodur; ue sr uorpadsul uy '1;pne e8elsu8;sep pa;re1ep e 8u1rnp pallluapl ueeq e^Eq plnol suelqo.rd eseql 'uorpeslelur lsill eqlol ,pullq, aq ol sle^lrp ro; ;e;1ua1od eql pue 3u;ryeureu;; Sursn;uor ur pellnseJ seq pa[ord sgql

Page 64: Highway Safety Handbook

]tpne ̂la]es peor e Sutpnpuol

'(suoll?pusturuorer pup s8u!pult lo elqPl

aql uorl sroqunu uelr sE u/'^otls o/,Ioql aleq) sSulpull eql to suolllsod aql SulMoqs

(spalord a8r?l Jot ueld uollecol alnoJ e lo) u?ld ells e spnllul Uodal llpne {uP ul

ljjoA lo

/tFr! prrrig F lFqdry V)[! 4tiif

lFlnt r0!t 6urrBr.l rDY Dtuo.)

ftilHtrqtsr &{brrt/q qQn { r!rnrtFr rYrorpr.l

1bt*\rttrr^o1ettrn!4Fr x!.ird rqtsrrr4t,rq !r rfl^r IniilI:p lsFr:Fn

ptl{il{ F!.r!t^lI4!qsFt

'!tx{w)

,'rat4 p0 nniIiv xrr.odlq

trrFtrr.0q.rd xA*&ili4

tlrFrr { !l

rrd F!)rE ruFd, roFuq4

67

0+ LtllPl.l

I alwl ees sjequlnu weil Jod

NVTd J,|IO,I.VTZ TUNSIC

proilr x !l

rUr.Nr EJr ilFr6urrF!

F| '16 ruvn|! !,,ni^@| ni4rF]

urrdre.oJ 4or- rnd, Dr tDvrP!

nqIrtnqd tW,ura

ror'p^od !r,oDra@r tr?o^iou

lt.it4tnY r.r.^od ro t:r?)oDJ.o'r r{dhr rro!Drts r@ilr'^n

DrnFrt. r!!.r\h r.rni turtlt

P 6 FnM-lilu

2---t:I

nTTNn7)cf

\ ot'

\\srlJoA JO

NOIvoNrlNo] uol z llsNt l3s

TZ

Page 65: Highway Safety Handbook

rv

Lv

AVnl<lvoUf{l V l,J

llrnq sem ll eroleq ladBd uo pa8ueqr eqo11no{e1 aqt pamolp e^eq plnom lrpne a8e15 u8tsa6 pelre+ap lo u8tseq fueutut;ar6y 'Lua;qord ,(larres srql ol uorlnlos lsol-Mol ou sr areql a8e15 Suruado-at6 eql lV

'r{ernpeol utpui aqluo eupl crgerl Surtuoluo aql sso;f,p dols o1 o^eLl lllM lpl puof,es al{l 'autl Sutploqaq11e {enn an8 o1 spq Jpf lsr} eql pue Iempeor utpru aq+ ruo;} lq8u utnl sl?l oml }l .

'pepadxaun sr 1no{e; aq1 .

fennpeoi ureu alll ruo4afqlsl^ lou sr aur; Surp;oq eq] sueau Aer*peot urnl lq8u eql ,o lueulu8tle ;ertpan aq1 .

:sura;qord ,(1a;es seq os;e'(ereq umoqs) rl#pr+ 3utun11q3u eql Surce; su8rs {e41 e^tD qlrm 'po{e; e^qeurelle eq1

'r(Ban anr8 ol alqp aq o1 {;e1r1un a.re,{aq1 'luauu8rp paldn.rralurun uE uo pue lllqu/vlop

'paads }p lalua lltm lt#pll ulnl Ualse 'aue; drls urnl Ual oql Sulre; su8ts ,{e14 e^rD }o 1no,{eg lpnsn eql Sursn ;o plPzeq eqlpalq8rlq8rq ilpnp aLlf 'a8ep Suruado-ard aql tp pailpnp sBnn dulel-uo ,{ernqStq plil stqf

,lanaq eql sseloJdlueurdole^aP Pu? u8;sep eql ult{llM pellPnE s! P?ol P rallrBe eql,

..S= Efiailg -*

Page 66: Highway Safety Handbook

Irpne ̂tajes peor e Sulllnpuol

'dunq peol eeq ol pePuelu! sP/n

tursso.r: ,Prqez, slr.{l lptlllrpne Suguedo-1sod e

Supnp peraaolslp sPM ll

'e8e1s u8rsap eq1 1eeled;r;1ue ol llnrl#lpeq uel uelqotd s;qt

'lueuuorl^ue punot8qreqrleql u!qllM lsol erE

su81s uo;pargp aseql

'Q66r '++ldlnB) elqPlre^e llrlselp saflnosel lenllplluol e;rqnn 1q8r; 1nd aq uB3 esaql pue ele+rns o1 >prnb {;1ensn ale,uoq'eluaureldLut

ltelap aql ro ,ldaruor aql qllg sroll 'pasn Sureq ,{;;enpP sr peor eql Moq

ssossp o+ 'uotlpreoo +o poued f oqs P reUP ue)Ppapun eq osp uPl llpne ,Suluedo-+sod, V

']tpnP Suluado-ard aq1 uo 3ul^lal uPql roqlel'alutl aq+ lB e:tnpe Sutraaut8ua {1e1es peol laas plnoqs JeeulSua palord ro re8Pueu

lroford eq+ 'uotl]nr]suol repun st llelord eql allq^ ace;d a1e1 sa8ueql )olew Aue +l

'suua;qo;d ,{1a1es rt;rcads Sulsnel 'llep reue slesn s+l ol

uotsserdut +uareJJtp ,i11e1o1 e anlS uBr eLuq IPp aq+ Suunp alqPldelre ,il1repad sr?edde

lpr.ll lno^pl peo1 e +?ql pastuSof,er Mou sr 1 '3ur1q3r; pup uorleeurlep ',8uru8rs elrl sanssl

pelplaJ-sseu)lpp snot^qo oq+ ro+ papaau sl +l allqM 'lPl+uesse sl uoqledsul eul]-]qfilu V

'r(lartes rraql

estuoldurol +pql s^pm ut slasn peol eql o+ pe^e^uol eq lou lllm seSessoLu Suoun 1eq1ernsua ol peltnbol eq ̂pLu )lom Meu aq] rro slledse au;os ol suotlell+lpotu llPl.lls

'aul]

slq+ lV 'lrlqnd 3ur11enel1 eq] 'e'l ',sreuo+snl, eLl+ +o tlpqoq uo a;nparold eluP+delle ue

osle +nq 'uStsep pe1orddP eqt +o )leql +llnq-sP ue {;dLlrs lou sl llpne Suruedo-eld aq1

ro+ papl^old ueeq e^eq slesn peor

{1a1r1 ple +o speeu ,{1eies aq1 }eql ernsua ol ueol +rpnp eql ,iq leleudordde se) pa>1;ent

pu? ueppu 'uonup st luaurlpell lo ppol Meu eql '3uluado s1l o1 loud suol+3euuof,

pue saLllpotdde s1r 'eulaqls Meu e +o uol+ledsul pellPlop B seAloAUl llpnp slLll

.pslueLualdLur {;lcelor st ltp}op elnsuo ol luepodLll sl ll +nq 'sefp}s rerppe }P s+rpne

qltg pereduor ,peltu1ll arp e!p+s slLll 1p sLuelqord {lartes lrupar o+ sar+runuoddo aq1

slrpne aSels Suruado-al6 g'I

Page 67: Highway Safety Handbook

'elrrqeA lu?lrauP Seus uPr puE lr?reql sualeaM ,(1|ero| s;q1's1rd e8eure.rp lo uorleroleql ol onp palolap uoaqaneq slsod elual prenD

'paqslurl sr pe[o"rdeql erolaq sJorre qrns

llerror o1 ,{lrunpoddo

lsel eql saplnord 1;pneSuruado-a"rd V 'seuel eqlreno u8r;e lou op smoreeql lerll os 'Illlarolul

pallelsu! pue peuS;sapuaeq suq u8rs y

'punot81:eq laq+ ut lsol la8 upl suSts .

areq+ eq ol lupau; 1ou slrd pue sa;od alrl 'elpn+ua^e upf, syezeq pauue;du61 .

{irlrqrsrn'uotsn}uol -

aurl lq8ru lp lt lseql oI .

papuedxa io peppp sla8 Surderspupl -le,rn eq1 ur 1a3 ue: seltruos 'spa;p

ltods -elrs uo pa8upql +eF uel ,sle+uapout, pue su8rsa6 .

peu8rsap sp +lrnq s,1l tpql )raqr 01 .

(c-€ ul) e+rs uo lou lnq 'sue;d uo ]q8ule )ool uel s8urq1 -

luauuFrle lp+uozuoq pup lpltua^ -

slueuralo ;o drqsuolle;er-relut aql loalll 01 .

sa8els snornald ur pessLu 3urq1r{ue {1r1uapr o1 .

sa3e1s snornard +e ouop ueeq e^pq 1ou {eLu sllpnv .

Za8els Suruado-ard aq] ]e ]rpne /qnn

Page 68: Highway Safety Handbook

L9]rpne ̂tales peor e Sullrnpuol

'suolsl llol

peeds-t,|8!q 'erenes

rol lPlluelod sql elPell'{enneer; E uo suJnl-npollo,rluolun 8ur>1eu

pu? ells s{rom e Sulneeg'sllnrl aseql'paraPlsuol

aq ol spaeu alts slloMeql uoll pu? ol ll#ell

slroM lo lueue^ou aqlHFIE*,"

'1tpne I1e1es e +o uro+

aql ut e)t^pp Suueaut8ua,{1a;es peor luapuadapur 3ut>;aas ul s}l}aueq are aiaql snqf

'senssr raqlo lnoqe ulef uol e lo lluetltLuel q8norql

Vezeqre;n:rped e ol ,putlq, aq {eu sluauafiuerre )lJJr'l.l rol a;qrsuodsar uosrad eq1 .

PUE'uor+plol re;nrtped p ol salpler lt sP 'poolsrepun aq 1ou {etl prepuep e rto Surprom aq1 .

'llnll#lp prppuels aql,o uorlelr;dde e>1euu {er-u elts e,to 1no{e; rPlnllped aql .'suotlen+ts uoLULUol lsoLu aql lanoc {;uo arlperd +o sepol pue sprepue}s .

:,{1e1es lenba {;uesseleu }ou op sprepue+s,'sprppuels ufirsap q+tg se '+nq asel eql eq {eu slql'slueLuafiue.l)e )U+u+ fuerodiual aql

+o slrpne roj peeu eql +noqllm {1a1es luerrr;rLns aprno;d sa:tperd aseq+ lPtll pareptsuol

eq IeLu 11 'arrlrerd +o sopol s)rogpeol puP slenuP1u {1a1es alls>1loM }o }ueudolenap

aql ̂q llarres alenbape aprnord ol sat+troqlne ped {q ua1e1 ueaq seq Uo#a lPalD

'pelppor.uLuo:ce {;artes eq upl luaLua8pnf +o srorla qllqM ul areds palluur; aq1 .

pup 'salnlpa; ,terodLuel pue soln+Pe,t luaueLlted ueamleq seSessalu 3ulpr11uo: .'rlqnd aq] pue lt#erl s)poM ueamleq ereds peor +o sasn 3ul1lr;1uo: .

'suot+tpuol pa8ueq: eq+ qlleLu ol rnot^Pqeq rraql Surpnfpe lou suPlllsoped ro srsnllp .'1no{e1 peor aql ut sa8ueq: .

:ol enp seLlsPrl ro; ;et1ua1od e sl aleq+ 'suollelol

eseq+ lle 1y .rrlqnd 3ur;;ener1 or.l+ Ll+lM +lera+ut spefotd uotllnr+suol lr#er+ puP peor llv

saLuaqfs lr#el] )lo^^peol jo ]lpnv L'B

'speor Suqstxe ol pu? sdnot8 lasnpeor cr,urads +o spaeu aq1 'sluauudole^ep esn puPl p€or-#o 's)rompeol Sutrnp seueqf,s

ttyu4 AtercdLuel ol parldde eq upl ssatotd dals-,{q-da1s eLll Moq saqulsep taldeqr srql

s^ otnoJ ,fia;es pue sllpnefteyes peor Jo sad& roL.llo

Page 69: Highway Safety Handbook

'llJ+erl tulsoddo to; ,euo2 lpel), eql ultlllM sr ll llpeo.r {er'a-onn1 p uo peplelr4s eq ol peeu osl? llllvr repeq oql;o pue ,3u1;;erl, eqf 'elrqe^ lupreIue ;o sluednl)o eql ol prezeq erenes ? luese.rd uer lr asrmraqlo 'paplalqs eq lsnu reurpqaql lo pue aql lnq 'rg;;er1 Sugssud pue s.rel.rorvr pelotd ol psllepul sr raureq qseJl alerf,uol V

'1rpne Suruado-erdp r1+lm peurquol aq {eLu }rpnp srqf pe^ourer {Jenrlra;rra uaaq aneq (sre)rplr lueuanedpup saurl {;;erradsa) salr^ep fuerodual llp ernsue ol epeLu eq plnoqs uotlradsutup 'pa^oLuor are sluaua8uu)e )\Jul,{re;odua1 eql uoqM 'I;;eu11 'uodn pepodar pup'slueue^ou rr;rter1 {;a1r1 llp ro+ oturl lq8ru 1e pue lq8rlIep ur palradsur oq plnoqs 1r 'are;d

ur sr luaueSueile )U+ul rfierodLuel qlpe aluo (lr#er+ o+ asoll eq ol are lpql sp;pzpqeprspeor '3'a; paplarqs ro (sre)reu luer,uaned pup sourl 'su8rs '3'a; pa^ou;er ro pere^olaq ol paau lllM +pq+ sern+pe+ Surlsrxa ,{ue rto elou 3ur1e1 'pe+ledsur aq plnoqs a}rs aLll'palueLuaJduur are r{eq1 aro}oq ltJ+rl-l1o Sur8els ro uo4ern8rrtuol +uere#rp qree ro; 'sue;d

luaue8eueuu tye4 Arcrcduua1 pasodord aq1 ,to luaurssessp up e^lo^ur plnoqs lrpnp eq1

'alPs sr lu]Pr+:r;qnd pue lr#pr1 s)rom 1o lurod Surssorr io uorJfeuuo: lue 1eq1 ernsue oI .

rr;qnd 8ur;;anpr+ eq+ sp llaM se ;auuosrad s)rom ro, {;ales aprno.rd o1 .

sasodrnd llerol Jraq+ ro+ pesn eip su8rs leqi lleql of .

selr^ep reqlo pup uorlpaurlap 'su8rs 'saur; uaemleq pueselr^ep ,fierodLuel pup lueupurjed uuotl se8essaur 8ut1rt;rtuor pro^P of .

suorlrpuolre;nrrped aql Jo+ alenbape ale sluaue8uu)e p)epuels Jeqlaqm ssassp 01 .

,{:ualsrsuo: ro,t 'parldde are sluaLuaSuplrp prppue}s +pq+ )laqr 01 .

salr^ep llerres ;o uorlelado aql pup ,{1a;es aprspeor 'luauua8eueu-r

ll#er+ +o slurod raur; aq1 alerra:dde 1ou {eu sjollpr+uol uorllnr}suo3 .

s1jom ,te;oduel +o ̂1ales aq1 +o uorlplrpur al]}rlanr8 uer sa8els u8rsep +p slrpnv sluarua8uere luaueul;ad o+ aluplqueser ourpeq upl pup seur+ lpie^es a8ueqr upl s)romppor Suunp sluarua8ue;re Jtl+uL .

seqserl ro; ;er1ua1od el.l] espellur upl qlrqM 'ereds peor paurluol pup sllrl+uol

lpuor+rppp 'luauruor^ue paads rto a8ueqr p enlo^ur ,{11errd,{1 sa}rs s>liompeou .

2sarlaqfs lrjler] )roMpeor ]!pne Aqnn

Page 70: Highway Safety Handbook

trpne ̂la]Ps peor e SulllnpuoJ

'slroM oql olu! ll#erl parlp seull Plo aJeq/'^ (lqglJ) Jo 'pEor lo uolllas ouPs eql olul

ll;+prl tulsoddo perrp puu 3u1sn;uof, al? soutl aql '(Uel) elduexe rol releq^ spJezeq seleerl

slql 'selrs IroM lp uonuap? elenbepeu; a^lof,al uago Sugryeur aull ol sa8u?ql {.reloduel

'llqnd lpjauaS aql puP ll#erl s)roM useMleq slulod +l!lluo3 .

pup 'seuo alr8e ssal Surpn;rur 'sueulsaped to; uotstnotd elenbape .'uorlpllplsur+lalrol oql pue s;aureq 4Jr.l.l +o ssaualettdordde eq1 .

'solrnep Suunrsqo lsnp ro pnLU +o pooqtleltl eql .'sre^up,{q

,pearsruu, oq plnor }Pql sall^ep lo lno^e; 1o s1:adse {ue .'sa;n+pa] fuerodLual pue luaueutad uaamleq slltl+uol .'1nole; ,prppupls, pellales eql ,to ssaueleudordde aq1 .

's1rur; paeds pesodotd aq1 .'SururBnn a)uenpe 1o ,{renbape .

:e>lll sanssr sserpp? {11e:rdI1 lq8rLu s>1tom :l;;e4 Arcrcdurel +o lrpne ,{1a1es pPoJ V

sansst lerrd/1

'eplqe^ lupre ue Seus 1ou pue {Jlre.rror ele,rado lll^ ll letllos pau8l;eer tureq .rag.rreq qsprf, ele.rf,uol p ul pellnsal seq alls slro^ sltll lo llpn? fia;es peol y

'parrnbe; arp sesuodser pue spodel letu;o+ pue elts eq1 ,to suorlredsul'suorlrpuol lr#prl ur seSueq: eq+ o+ antsuodsat pue rtu;eu{p arou aq o} e^Pq lltM }l]nq

'pemollo; eq {11erauaF pgnoqs 9 raldeq3 ur pequlsep ssarord dals-,{q-da1s eq1

Page 71: Highway Safety Handbook

€g trpne ̂]ales peor e Sulllnpuo]

'suoM eql olul ll#e4 pejlP saull plo aleq/n (lq8u) lo 'pPol lo uollles eulEs eql olul

ll;+prl tulsoddo pe.r1p pue $ulsn;uo) elp sautl eql '(Uel) eldruexe rol 'aleqm sPlezeq seleelf,

spll 'salls IJ9M le uollue$e elpnbaP?ul a^lelel ueilo Sulll?ul eull ol satupql ,{.re.rodual

'ltlqnd lerauaF eql pue lr#erl s>ljoM ueeMlsq slulod +lllluol

pue 'seuo ell8E ssal Surpn;:ur 'suell+sapad lo+ uolsl^ord elenbepe'uorlPllPlsu!+loJol eql puP sjalllPq )u+ul +o sseuelplrdordde aq1

'salr^ep Suuncsqo lsnp ro pnLU +o pooqlle)ll eqt's;enup,{q ,peetstuu, eq plnol }Pq+ soll^ap ro lno^?l }o slledsP ^ue

'sorn+pa] ,terodLual puP +uaueured uaeMlaq s+lllluol'1no{e; ,prppupls, pe}lalas aql +o sseueleudordde aq1

'slruurJ paads pesodord eL{t'Sururem aluPApP 1o l:enbape

:e)ll sanssl sserppP ,{;lecrd{11q8ru-r s>ilonn ttS]ie4 Arcrcdulel +o ilpne {1a;es peor

SANSSIlerrd{1

'elllqe^ luaJs ue Seus 1ou pue Ilpelor ele.redo lllm ll leqlos peuS;;eat 8u;eq te;rreq qserf, elerluotr P u! Pellnsa, seq ells sllom sltll ro llpne {1e;es peot y

'partnbe; ate sasuodsat pue spodeJ Pw)o+ pue e+ls aq1 ;o suotlradsul'suor+rpuol lt#er+ ut sa8ueqr aql ol antsuodset pue :rLueu{p aroul eq ol oAPq lllM }l

lnq 'pemollo,r eq {;;ereuaS p;noqs 9 raldeq3 ur paqrllsep sse:ord dap-,{q-dais eql

a

a

a

a

a

t

a

a

a

V

Page 72: Highway Safety Handbook

h9

I

'lSurpuedxe pue Meu) sorlual Surddoqs .'suorsr^rpqns

lPu+snpur puP suorsr^rpqns lPrluaprsar .

:3urpn;rur 'uorldursep e^oqe eLll s1+ lpq+ Surqy{ue apnllur uer sluaudola^ep +o sad,Q aq1

'{qreau ere slst;r{: Jo supu+sapad ,ro sreqLunu luerllru8rs oraqM uorler;d-de fiane .

puP ',Arepunoq

e+rs eql o1 {;uo spua}xe ueld eq1 uaqnn,{;le;nrrped'suorlerr;dde luaLudola^ep ulpe)oope^o saurleuos orp sse:f,p {ennanrrp e+ps sp a;dLurs sp sra+lpw 'alnor lr#prl

luerrluFrs reqlo ro ppor leuape ue q+rM {1porp sllpra+ur qlrqM uor}elr;dde &ana .'(sre)

Og uPql arour ro; areds qlrms4;ed rer pup sor+uel Surddoqs roleuu 's1o; OZ ueql orotu ]o suorsrnrpqns 'a;duuexa

)oJ) ezl.s 1ue:r;ru8rs e ,to uorlerr;dde lluaLudola^ep asn pupl) Suruup;d uanol ,fiaria .'sue;d rr8alerls ;;e .

:uo peJlnpuo) de sllpnP +l pe^arqfPaq upl sure8 F1a;es peor lsalear8 aqf '+rpnp {1e;es peor p luerpm sluauudoJanap lle }oN

s]tpne luere^^ leq] sluaLudo;anap jo sad^I

'sluaLudo;enap asn pupl o+ porldde aq upl slrpne Moq pue ,{qnn sure;dxe uor}los srql

'{lartes rort ,(;alenbape eprnord }ou ops1.red .ruc pup sppor ssef,fp )o+ spepue+s u8rsap apo: Suruueld ;zcrdril

'r{1uoq1ne peor aq} {q parncur s}sol lprpauar se,(lunuuoraq1 o1 ,{;qrssod pue s}sol }ueprff,p sp s.rasn ra}Bl o} pejre}suPr} eq uPl }so3eq1 'u8rsap alenbapeur q8norql pepro^p ,{11er1rur are slsol *r"r1_"1:^:?

ll

pup eluoreoxo lprll ;o lndur aql lrrurad slrpnv 'aruaradxa t";:'Iil;:,{1a;es peor anpq +ou op ,{11errd{1s1uaudo;anep esn pupl;o srau8rsa6

'(suorslArpqns

lpupnpur ro lequaprsor 'a;duexe Jo+) speor rr;qnd au.roraq queudo;anep euos

'su.ra11ed lr#erl ur sa8ueqc ol enp ,{enne arueprp euos lrom}au peor rrlqnd aq1uo sura;qord ,{1a;es ur llnsar u?) (uor}purqluo) ur pra^as ro; lueLudo;anap y

'uelsAs

peor rr;qnd oql qllm qleuuol luaudo;anap p eraqm rnllo uEf, srualqord ,i1a;e5'1s1.red rct a8:r-l 'a1dr-uexa

Jo+) sLuo+s^s ppor elrl aleredo sluaudo;anap a8re; arrros 'speor crlqnd uo se

lueyodurr se lsnf sr ,{1a;es peo1 'sallrLlan {.ranr1ap 'srasn 4red rer 'sueulsepad

'a;du.rexa ro] 'srasn ppol o+ppouluof,Jp 01 peeu slueLudo;anap asn pupl +sow

2sluaudola^ap asn puel ]lpne {qnn

'sp'eor op se Ienn oups oq+ ur suor+lpre+ul ll#erl aneq {aq1 snql sqledloo} pup sr(emenup's1red rer umo leLll aneq apnlru8pul {ue ;o slueuudo;ana6 'Ienne alup}srp auros pporreqloup ro qlrm llauuol {eq1 speor aql uo pedLlr up enpq uer sluaudole^ap asn pupl

stualudola^ap asn puel Jo tlpnv z'B

Page 73: Highway Safety Handbook

lrpne ̂laJes peoi e Surllnpuol

'suor+pd qt puP lodsuPrl lllqnd ro, uolsl^ord alPS aql'speor

leueuP 3ur+srxa ssorf,P s+ueure^ou uPlrlsepad +o uollereueS aql's+eerls Aqreau +o 3sn eq+ puP slueua^our

Sururnl o1 sa8ueq:3urpn;rur 'spouad lead ur uotlsa8uor;o 1:edr-ur Ila,tes eq1 .

:o)rl senssr ssarppp {11ecrdI1 lqFrLu luaLudolanap p +o +rpnP {lartes peor y

SONSSIlerrd^l

'salllqe^ luera ,{q lrn4s eq o1 {1e4;1 &an s1 Sulruel eql puE pEol oql #o llxe 1q3;1 e u; sllnser8u1rue; eql ro, puelsl oql lng 'sno.re8uep sl ll aloqm 8u1sso.n suegtlsepad luana.rd ol pellulsul

s; 8u;rue; :purur u! ,{1a;es qlgrur peuS;sap ueeq s?q luerudo;anep poo}-Fel e o1u1 {ervraapp y

'sue;tlseped ro; seruenbesuo) snopes qlllrn 'peol Papl^lP P /ol ua{Elsltu

eq {;;sea uEl erlual Surddoqs p lp (lqglr) p?or altruas IBnn-euo puB (l+el) peol lurvr-om1 s;ql

'sa1rs a;3urs uo sluaudoJanap ,{irsuep paseallul

pue'sluauudole^ep leuorlea;lal'sluaudo;anep

lPorauuol

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Jaqlo 'stuoor 3uq;nsuor lplrpeur 'salr#o 'se;o1s aluatuenuol 'suotlpls

;ol1ed .

Page 74: Highway Safety Handbook

99

rie6 uosu14e6'slu3[uo^oru 3u 1p1 J;uorrol Iluolrd eunss? /{Ptu

anua^v ralrssou uo saqrEojddeqloq uo sJa^uP '(r(e16 uosulryed

uo utrs tre111an1g ? lnoqll/vlpue) enue^v rolrssou #o urnl

lq8lr eql elenluaf,f,s ol spuPlsl

lnoqllM :suorl?podxe re^lrp qllMsPPo le sr lnor(el eql lng 'PEor

q8nolrll eql ssrseqdua pu? rl#?Jl^,\ols ol Pedola^ap uaeq s?q

luarulEe.rl uolpun[-I ? 'sernleel

l1a;es 1ua;Jecxe ,(ueru s?r.l leql/uorsr^!pqns

lellueplsar e u!qllM

'pornber ere suSrsepel +o s+lpnP requnJ laq+aqM .

puP 'luorJesrSpsrp sr orsLll +r peMollo} eq o1 erP slueueSuellP +ueussesse ,{pud-p;tq1ro uorler+rqrp 'uorlPrpor.u +PqM pue q+rM +lPep eq o+ e]p suollepueuuoler llpne Moq .

'(A+iloqlnP

Suruue;d oql ol passarppe eq plnoqs 1) pesselppp st Uodar ltpnp eql uroqm o+ .'(uorlelr+rlenb-erd; sraqLueu rueal lrpne a;qeldelle ere oqm .

'(l1uoq1ne Suruue;d aql ro +uerll eql) Uoder +rpne ^le+es peor aql surelqo oqm .'pejrnbaj srlrpnp f1aps peot p u8rsap eq] ur se8pls qlrqM lP .

'+rpnp ^le+es ppor P al|nbar s+leford q]lqM .

:3urpr:ap ro+ peqsrlqP+sa aqo] paau sernpelord rpelf '^+uoqlnP Suruueld aq+ ̂q pellol+uol pue palPulprool eq olspeau sselord s;enordde Suruueld umol eql o+ur+rpne,{1e;es peor }o uor+plodjolur aql

ssaford sle^ordde Suruueld u^ o] aLll olut sltpne Surlerodrorul

'prczeq B eq ol rvrorS ;;1nn {aq1 eraqnn 'sluerlue eq1 1e pelue;d ueeqo^pq seerl MaN 'll puno;E oB o1 pervror.rpu uoeq seq eupl aq1 'alod {1rrrr1re;e ue Sutlero;a.t

,o lsor eLll plo^p oI 'uolsl^rpqns lellueprssr p olul psp!^otd ueeq sELl ouel urnl-Usl Mou V

'slurod llrlluol 1e 11r;tqrstn

pue 's+urod llrlluol/ssallp +p puP a+ts aql ulqllM speods

'suor]Jasre+ur luecefpe rro uorle;edopue 1no{e; 'ad,{1 aq1 'e+rs eql o11ue:efpe pup alts-uo s+ltl+uol a;rrqen-ueulsapad

'(salnor lr#pi+ uo seuel suJprl olut 'e t) speor ,{qreeuoluo Molfe^o Sur4red pro^e ol poou eql pue uotst^ord Sutlred ,to ,{cenbape eq1 .

'lr#pll rpau suorlplol q1ed1oo,t'sallrqa^ a8re; ,to sqled ldanns 'sauel urnlnnau 'edeqs pue suorlelo; Ie,tnenup Sutpn;:ut 'sself,p elts uetllsepad pue lelnltLle^ .

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Page 75: Highway Safety Handbook

]rpne ̂]oJes peor e 3ur]lnpuo]

()roMlau lPUrelxe puP l?urelur)sallrqaA lcuaSrarua Jo] sseJJ€ o

lno/{pl pup suorlelol l1r;rre; lrsuerl .SUOIIP)ol aell r

sSursso.n pup salnor all^r/upulsapad .

ser nspau 3u rc.ro;ue-rr1as73u r ureldxa-;;es ruorssejSojd lpu8rs/+ueLUaSpueur paeds .

,{lualstsuor .suSrs eLUPU leer+s

'aldLuexa ro, 'uorJPLurolur JeAup o{1r;lqrsrn eprAord r

spaads l?ltuaJaJJrp proAP os+uauja^oLu 3wun1..roj raJel o

Surpeol pue 3ur>1red +aarls-uo proAp o

lor+uol pue uor+PjnSrluor uot])osrolut osJurod ssarlP ]o uorl?lol puP raQunu o

slulo0 sseflP ,o UollPfol .

+uaLUaBPu€uJ alnor ^q ,sunJ lPr, JueAeJd o

)roMleu lPlre+JP elPflDep€ o

s+ueuooleAep paluelro-]lsuerJ o

slurod ssalrP Jo uorlelol osioleiauaS dr.r1 ;o uorlerol .

srolereueS du1 ,Lo uorle:o; or..l-l.,]o] uPqJn ])PotuoJ r

sa+nor asuodsar ^luaBJaLUa eprAord o

a,,, ̂,4,^ eplspPol tsulAltslo+ P eplAO]o o

sarlrlrqerauln^ luara#rp olP.iPo0s o

Spee0s 3311pOJ r

sllllluol 3ursrrurur141

{1r;rqeprpard a}oLuord o

uolllll] oSlLUIllIL.ll o

SllllluOl 0SILUILJILU o

{1r;euor1:un; eprAord o

lslr SulslLululw

sepou lalPs oJol.UoJo o

saruElsrp laAerl alnpa.l o

leAPJl ol peeu eql eJfipe] oernsodal 3u1s1tutur111

suollBjeP!suor euosseldltuUd 3u;uue;d snolJsuol {1e1e5

'elqpl SutMollo+ aql ut pelp4snl[ erp senssr ^la,tes aq1 ]o seldurPxe sLUoS s]lrl+uol sslLululurpue lsu ssrLururLu 'arnsodxa asruruil.lr ol rapro ur 's)lloMlau lodsupll puP s+uauoolo^ep

]o saseqd Suruue;d lserUpe aql olul SuueaurBua fiales lndut ol s)ees qrlL{M'(866t'sueqou)

,Suruue;d snopsuof l1a,tes, +o ]deluol alll ol setlueltrrjts sPq qlPorddP slql

'ernlpe+ 3ur;;as a^t]tsod p se ̂+ates asn ol alqe alP sradole^ep .

puB 'suSlsapar alnulu-+sel ^llsol sploAe ]l r'pernbe; Aprct arc sleedde/set;tnbut Sutuue;d pue suotslrep urorj

pe^o[r3r erP ̂]e+Ps Jood +noqe s]ueunSje :IeuoLU pue eull radole^3p 3Ll] ssAes Jl r

:esnPlaq pelilollsM ueeq sPq (se8P+s uSrsep r3lPl 1e sllpnP lPl.uro]t q+lM rsqleSol)Llleorddp srql 'sjedole^ep lq eluplrnler lprlrur Surmo;;o1 sansst ^le+es lPlueurepun, o^losajpup ssnlsrp ol ereld a)el roaurSuo ̂la+PS pEoJ s,^lunol aql pue Jadola^ap oq+ uaaMlaqsuor+prloSou ler]rur se4unol ')'n euros ul suotsr^tpqns ^uPlnllfed 's+ueudole^ep esn puPlq+tM s+t+auaq seq oslp SurlaeLu senssr uSrsep-erd P ut ue+s 3ql le tqSu sjaaulSue ^+elesppor Surpnllur +o qlpordde aq1 +pl.ll umoqs spLl tuop8ut) psllun eLll ut sluelredxl

]!pne aSels ftrlrqrsea] e arolaB

'+uepuedapur +ouerP puP sselord uSrsep eql +o }lPd {;;ensn erP s}ueLUssesse eseql sP

"}uerrssasse lledurl

)t++u+,,{ue Luorrt l;ale.ledas euop eq lueudole^3p P +o llpne uP }eql pepusLrltrolel sl +l

Page 76: Highway Safety Handbook

luepolv 'slql lo rolelrpur poo8 p aq ^lpesseleu +ou {euu uorleuu;o+ur +uepole

Tseoluaddeq seqsen aroleq paluar"ueldLut aq {eLu luau+ear} lprpeuer leql os 'saqse;l

aJnlry of pea; {eru qlrLlM se;n+pal Aue {rLrluapr ol urp speor Surlsrxe }o s+rpne {1e;e5

2UOtleStlsa^Ur ]uaptfle ue ro ̂^arnar {1a;es peor e }r sl

'uorlradsur aLuq-1q8ru pue er"ur1,{ep e apnlluls{em;y'parnber se s}uotu}snfpe aleudordde SurleLu'pamollo} eq lllls plnoqs t'9arn8rl ur seqr^r+l? +o Ueqrlnol+ aql 'eesn s,peor aq+ ro1 {lartes +o la^al aq1 enordLut o1wrc fuewud rno{ 3ur>1eLu 'speeu lnoz{ slrns qllqm ouo }lales :^ olaq passnlsrp ere sr(em

luele#lc 'peor Surlsrxa uB +o Mornar AleSese 1no Surfurer So Aertn lsaq aJSuts ou sr erell1

'a;qerr;dde lllenba arp stlrel reqlo

lpql pesr^pe ale srepper lnq pasn sr Mer^ei I1a;es peor Lurel eql aprn8 stql lnoqSnorql

'Puelr;f enrlralqo 1su re8eopptu sr +ueussasse luapuadapur up +eql sr enssr lelr+ur eq1 'luaussasse ,{1a1es peorro Mer^er )romleu peor 'a;du-rexe rol 's+rpnp e8els u8rsap o+ aluala#rp s1t esrseqdua o1eupu luoreJJrp e uanr8 sau!+auos sr sppol Surlsrxe o1 par;dde uellm ssalo;d lrpne eq1

(sanssr Ila,tes ;eraua8 erouu splarri qrrqm)Jeuueu; aprm )romlau p ur ro (senssr ,{lertes pe;re1ap spJerr{ qrlqm) reuuptu :rp:ads alnorp urraqlre-ryo^ +ou peor Surprxa aq1o1 par;dde eq uel sserord lrpne Ilartes peor eqf

speor Surlsrxa Jo ̂^ar^a.r {1a;es peou V'B

'dnor8 resn aql +o senssl eql o+ +up^olaleq o+ uanumar I;pluauu suorlsanb qlrm /pesn eq plnoqs slsrl)leql ;eraue8

'osrmroqlo'saur;aprnF asaql {ueduuolle pup pado;enap ueeq e^eq slrpnp aseql +o euros Jo+ slsrl)leq:)

)aqueu ,{peple ue epnlf ur plnoqs urPel +rpne aq1 '{;rap;a eql +o spaau eql

1e 3ur>1oo; sr +rpnp aq+ +l 'l+e 'elnor aql llem

'llnrl e olur 1aF 'e)lq eql aptt :uotlsenb ur

lan'er+ +o epoLu aq+ esn ol srolrpne oql sarrnbar dno;8 ;esn ppor rplnlrypd e rcS +rpnp uV

's8ursso.rc ;ene; {ennper sp qrns 'IlrunLuuol eql o} uialuol }o are

1eq1 uuepls peor oqt uo suoqplol ,ro sed,{1 re;nrrped o1 par;dde aq oslp uer sserord aq1

'aldoed p0lq?srp puPsueulsepad rap;o 'e;duuexe rort 'r{1r;rqou pe+rLurl qlran aldoed ro+ sse)lp o+es +o s}lpnv .

sarluel Surddoqs +o s+rpnp ueu+sapod .

,{larres a1:furo+oru ro+ sppor }o s}lpnv .

sqled ueulsapadTe;rr{rrq palpr1s }o s+rpnv .

speor uo llartes 1sr;rr{3 .

s)lnrl ro seqleoJ ra8uassBd ro+ lrpnp {1eles {ennqSrq .rofeyy .

:epnllur s+rpne +srlprleds ;o sa;dr-uex3

'uerSord ssauarp/i e u{lerres 1sr1:r{c e ro uerSord lueuudo;anep elnor llnr+ e 'uuerSord

looqls o+ selnol (ueulsapad plrqr; a+ps p e)rl 'suerSord ,{1e;es ro lr#pl} roq+o ol lndut uese pesn eq upl sllnser eq1'dnor8 euo lpql +o spoeu {lartes eq1 uo sasnlo+ lpne eq+'eselsrql u1 'sdnor8 rasn peo; reJnrlped rorr srua;qord {lartes ;er1ua1od ,iruluepr ol (sq+ed e;r{rrqe)rl sar+rlnpJr Suqsrxa raqlo Jo) speor Surlsrxe uo pesn oq oslp ,{eu ssarord trpnp oq_L

sdnor8 rosn peor roj s]!pne ]srlerlads €'B

Page 77: Highway Safety Handbook

]rpne ̂]aJes peor e SurlJnpuol

'Irn.rls Suleq elodslll lo {sU aql sesperlu! {lenpe rerupq qsprf, eq1 'alod sltll uror} elllqa^ e 8u;pelord ,o ppepul

'(o1oqd 1q8;.r) uo;pesralu;eql pup aug; Iervr;;er eql ueemleq s)uplslp alenbapeug qlrm rnolep lJnll slt{l elll salnlee}

lensnun pue 1o1oqd Dal) ppol eql ol asol) sserl pue s8ug;1el e8p;rq peple;qsun elll selnleeluoruruof, a;duexe rol 'luepl)le up ol pelnq!4uor laI lou a^eq leql q8noqllp 'snopJezEtl

Ilpquelod ere qrlq^,1 se/nleel ,lguapt o1 fi;unyoddo eq1 sep;no.rd peol 8u;1sgxe u? lo Mal^er V

'+soi erlxo oll+rl io] euop eq {euu srql 'paleor+ Sureq are sasnpr +uopolp eq} }pq} eLUqaues oql le 'uoqero; qspjf p le sqezeq;e4ua1od req+o +o lueulperl pup uorplrltluept .

's)rom prpeuer Sutstluoud ut slsrssp sernlee+ eseql

+o uorl'el4rluapl '(lroMleu peor aq1 qBnorql pnrp {pelnBar are salnlpa} reltuts

+eq1 Mou) eM +nq '1onr1s ueeq e^pq 1a{ 1ou ,{eu 'erunr p }o aprslno aq+ uo alodrrrurads p ro 'llpm pue aSprrq peplarqsun Jelnlrued auo 'a;duexa ro+) snoplezpqorP ')roMlou eql ssojle lelol ur 'rrnou>1 aan I'eq} sajnleel ,to sad{1 +o uorlP]|}rluepl .

:smolle +l +Pq1 sr Mer^e; {1a,tes e ,toenpn eLlI 'r-uBrSord e1e;edas p sp auop Suraq ueql raqler 'sue;8ord

4;y luaLua;du,ror o1pesn eq plnoqs speor Sulprxe,o smer^er {1a;es 1eq13urpe88ns sr Luop8ur; palrun aql uleruauadxe 'paapul rnllo ol 1a{ are saqsp;f oraqm selrs 3ur1eal1 ueql urnlor llrlouoleralear8 e anpq ;pan r-uapIs peor Suqsrxe oq+ ssorlp salrs qsprl uMoul Suqearl';eteuaF u;

'saqseD asoq+ o1 polnqlrluole^pq qJrqM sarnlee+ {1pou o} ture pue soqsprl Tsed p ri;uo 1oo;

'pallpl oslp erp ,{aq1 se',suer8o.rd

lueulperl uorl?rol qsprf,, ro suuerSord (dlV) uor+uena.rd pue uotle8glsenul

Page 78: Highway Safety Handbook

1

'sroui?q qs€r3 qtrrM poplo[ls lo 'slle^ puapalSue qll/v\ Jo 'sulerp paro^or qlr^ par€ldar

oq u€3 'spEor rPou ;r 'sua^ln3 Jo slle/!\ pul

\rt r u,ltl4,; ,7 ; .i

{l --+i;Yi !

'rorPs p?or orll olleu,seq solocl 3u11q8r1 orluol arll Jo le^ouau

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t*' *f;oouilffii"qci

'wezet4 peor alrurlap e ore 'puoq P uol[enna8er.lrca oql ol osolJ sere;d pasodxo

ur {;;errodso 'soloel 1q3;1 a;qrFuer;-uo11

0l

'pri.r:1s uoqm {.rnlurpue o8eruep s!tL)r,!ososnes ue3 l)tre solSrtloA:!rrer.,o ol. 3u rn;8,lo;:J0rr o.,B so;orN o:1o..rruo3

'o1ocJ Fur1q311oseq e1r;s truorulpe oqtr

;o splouoq {1o;es oqtrs{uan su.ros ur 3uttre8elu'ozrs

lBllu€lsqns Po1 mor8 llr/\A sso.llossr.l1'polrfinu {;o;uso(l uer (:!rl3l.r) soorl 1uu;tloi u,ie.i3ri.;cl V "oiJiiion

lue.uo e q:! ,lcl struednrrooqtr o.tr {ln{u; Sutstu.rtutur' popuolr! r sc pou-r.lo;rocl(:Uol) e,lo(l osecl-dr1s srq r

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Page 79: Highway Safety Handbook

trpne ̂tajes peoJ e Surlfnpuo]

zLuelqord aql pe^ouer lno^Pl pPor aql o+ eSueql

+ueler {ue spq :}upnelar llrls lp ere {aq1 1eq1 )Jeql 'sproler

+uepolp Suuaptsuor +l 'sonssl

Jeqlo uo snlo+ upl eaqueu raqlo leql os 'uorpadsur eql aroleq splolal luapole aql

+e Iool requeui upol auo {;uo aneq o1 eq lq8ru uo4do auo 'splolar }uopolp Sutmetnaterolaq suoqradsur lprlrur roql ra4p lrlun +tem o1 e)tl eamarlal ,{1e1es eLuos 'srua;qotd qcnspro^e oI 'suor+elol qsplo +o lueuleer+ eq+ uo eptn8 speotlsny uotueduuol eq] ur pe;e^olsl slqt 'ryom

,uorleSrge^ur luepnlp, sr req+Br 1nq ',Surmarnar {1ertes, ro ,8ut1tpne, 1ou

sr seqsprl ernlnl iaqlo ro,r ;er1ua1od aq1 Surssesse +noq+rM seqsprl ped 1o uorlplaprsuol'oslv 'sprezpq

Je4uelod req+o uor+ ,{eme uol1ua}+e snlo+ }ou saop uor}ploprsuolroqt lPql arnsua o+ uo)e+ oq plnoqs arPl euerlxe 1nq 'matna; u{lartes e ul pessessP eqo+ uor+pturo+ur aLl+ +o yed luepodur up aq upl sp;oler luepolv 'ppor p 8uo;e sad{1

luapolp ernln+ rol ;er1ue1od eq] lnoqp sluau,ra8pnf peruro+ur se^lo^ur Marner {lertes y

z^^ar^ar AlaJes peor e ur paraprsuof aq sprofor ]uaplffe plnoqs

'e8eureP Pue Lrnlursernper luauuor!^ue splspeol 8u;a;8ro1 y

'allrqe^ luerJaue o1 sno.re8uep

eq uec sSur;re.raBpl,rq pepelo.rdup

'sprPpu?ls r'|lrM Prol)eu! PallPlsul eslMreqlo

PUP paroqluP aqplnoqs rarjlPq eql Pue

'vezeq P aq lou Plnoqsspua eql 'qfuerls

elenbepe e^Pq ol rsprou1 8uo; I;1ua1rr;ns eqol Peau sroureg qser]

Page 80: Highway Safety Handbook

ZI

I

'ernln+ elqBeasajo+ eql ut pat+t+snl.,{;;eruouo:e eq o1 {;e1r;un sr +pql suor+epuerrtruoler }o ,lsrl qsrm, p pup seouaor+apper+rluepr +o ,lsll Surddoqs, 3uo; e ut llnser uel 'ppor

,Lo qfuel 1ue:rruu8rs {ue renoua)Blepun 1

'smalne; ,to sedr{1 aseql 's}ue{luoltnuo peol a+es uo saurJaprn8 }uallnl q}tm

pa.ledruor'peor Surlsrxa ue uo pet+tluapt aq uel qltqm senuertr;ap;errs{qd;o taqLunuaql o1+rLurl ou lsorrtlp sr areql 'I;eleunportun '+uerrl+pe;l ptpeuar ro; suorldo e;qlssod pueuollerol sT'Vezeq oql ]o ern+pu aql lnoqp sltplep q+tM'pomatner Sulaq elrs eJFurs e+p ro e+nor e 8uo;e sryezeq:rrtrreds lnoqe slueurrrol ut +lnsel lltm smetnel Xlarres aseql

sMernej {1a1es peol ,a}ts elSuts, Jo ,elnol elSuts, peltp}eC

)nor^pqeq e+ps s+srsse suorlrpuol lelol +o uorldaueds,resn peor aql+pq1 qlns splppupls;o {:uelsrsuof, e aq plnoqs ereql arn+tu)n}peo)pue 1no{e; 'u8rsep

+o saouent+ep {lartes Surlsrxe Iue Irrrluapr ol st Matner p +o LUtp aq1

speol Surlsrxa Jo smat^at /1a;es peor Jo sad/1

rpqM ur pup are sualqord qsprr aq] araqM ,o Mar^ paruprpq oror..r.r E urErqo * nr,rrrl""Jllt ;lii[J:i:::iiJi:l1a;es peot paruauedxa ,{q speoL Sutlsrxa 1o smarnar {1a,res ppo! splolar luapole uo paspq aq +ouupl suetSord

]uaullearl uollPlol qsPll puP elqPlleAP 1ou ,{ldLurs aie sprolar luapDlP a+Prnlle 'sarj}unol Surdopanep aLuos ul x

'aleudordde orou eq plnoM sMatnar peltelap upq+ reqlprp'eorq 'peMer^al aq ol st ryomlau aloqM eql ,tt 'snqf

xspeol Surlsrxa rto snnerna; {1a,tesuo luads +ro#a eql ueql raleer8 eq s{enn;e plnoLls ,suot+plol qsprl +o +uaulpar} eq},ro uorlua^ord pue uorleSrlsanut +uapole uo luads Uo#e eql :Lua;qold aq1 o1 uorpodotdur 1da1 oq plnoqs Uo#a oq+ 'uasoql st ronoqltLlM 'sresn ol Vpzer4lerlualod palear8

1o Sutaq se papte8el e;p lplll )lomleu eql +o suotpas ol sppol Surlsrxa ,o smotnol{1a;es peo.l lraql }r.utl ure8e staqlo eltqM 'sppol

,to e;duues [!opupr e +]elas slaqlo 'stseq

re;n8ar p uo )roMleu ppol oloqM Jteql Matnal I1ales o1 leos set+uoq+ne peol euros

2]l ]o sued ro )ro^ ]ou aloLlM aq] ̂ or^ou

'vezeq e 1,usr ,ilqeqo;d 1r 'alnlea+ alll ruol+SurlJnsar luapnlp ,to ad{ e }o )utq} }ouupl no{;1 ,aetnlee} slql }o llnsal p se lnf,loplno: 'fun[ur

lpuorlrppe leqm ro 'Juepr]le +o adll ]pqM, Isp o] sr p)ezeq;er1ua1od

e sr oJn+?e] e raqlaqm epoep ol lsa+ aldulrs y ',r{lertes ;enba ,{;uesseleu }ou op

sprppu?ls, +pq1JaqLueuag ',1tapad, +ou elp qltqm Jo splppupls +uernt ol lou arp

+Pql sajnlea+ ,il+uapt o1Ispo aq upl lt 'ppoj Surlsrxa up +o Met^er ,{1a;es e Surrnq

2vezeq e sr ]eL{M

'srasn lplol Jo sluerlrlor aq1 8ur4a8 ;o s,{e,rn leptsuo3 'ssoll ol palredxa eq plnom

sueulsapad ereL{M ppor aq} Sulssot: {q pue '}eM eql ut pup fip aq1 ur 'Iep pue lqFru1e'spaads Jesn lpru;ou 1e Surpu;o Surnup,(q 'a;dLuexa Jol - op siesn ppor se peo; aq+Sursn ,{q pe^erqlp oq iseq upl stqf 'ppor eql 3uo1e 3ur;;anut )o+ sp llem se '1r Surnee; rouearls lr#prl aql Suualue 'peol aqt Surssor: sp qlns '+ueue^ou

;o sad,{1 lue;eJ;tp aqlro+ pup dnor8 "tasn {;e1rJ qree +o Met^ ,to lurod aql ulor} pe1:adsur aq plnoqs peor eql

a^rlfadsrod ,s;asn peor aLl] ulol, ^^atAal ,fa;es alll oC

Page 81: Highway Safety Handbook

t.Llrpne ̂ta]es peor e Surlfnpuo]

'speeu ,srasn +aeu of peSueqr aq upl sejnpelold elueua+uleur .

pup 'st!pr8o.rd Surlsrxa o+ ap?LU eq upl satluoud pue srseqduue ut sa8ueq: .'(LuerSord SuruSrs uor+lerp e 'a;dLuexa ro+) pelet+tut aq up: sLuetSotd sUoM ̂ au .

'per+rluapr aq upl sartlrerd luarue8eueLu peot elenbepeut .

:sMer^ej eseq+ +o llnsaj P sv

'Mollo+ uer uorpedsur +o le^el ,pelrp+ep, puoJos p 'suot+plol 1su-q8rq pat+quept Aue rc1

'uorlrpuol pue {renbapp :uotleeutlecsuor+plol lueorlap 1e Sururenn rto uotstnotd :lueuu8l;y

,{rualstsuor pup uorsr^ord - s;olluor pue {1r;rqrstn :suot+lasla}ulsp)ezeq 01 eluPrPal)

s+uaulee;l pue pue uotstnord :elue+ pienD :lplnu

'fuualsrsuor pue uorsr^ord - s;orluor pue ,{1r;rqrsrn :suot+lasla}ul(anssr {1a,tes p se) uor+rpuol ele}rns peo;

af,upuelureu +o lanol :sBurlreLu peoXuor+rpuol pup uorsrnord :su8ts aulpu loel+s pue su8ts uot+leltC

luaua:e;d a;od pue sarf,ue+srsuolut :3ul1q8t; laarls :ueqrn

:epnllur upr senssr lecrd,{1 'uotpadsut polrp}ep lo}el

ro,t suor+elol 1su-q8rq rrpads ,{ue ,{;rluapr osl'e lltm Iaql 'arueue}uteu ,to }ue}xe pue

uorsrnord ,to ,{:enbape ',{ruaptsuor +noqp suor}pnlesqo ppolq ur +lnsal lltm smot^al asellf

,sMerner {1a;es peoj uoM}eu, pPolg

' ruB;So;d el uEuelu !eueleydordde ue

{q passerppe eqplnor /v\ar^er pEor3u11sgxe ue Supnp

polllluepr suelr euos

' uorle8rlsenu I uorlelol qserle o1 luaLua;dluol ln+asn p osle sr 1; 'seutnbua ro suotlredsut snotnerd q8notql pat]t+uaplsuorlplol >1su-q8rq 'rrpads o1 parldde lseq sr qreordde polrelap srql 'I;luanbasuo3

'aurl elqpaese;o+ p ulq+l^ pesselppp aq o1 s8urpur;1o {lr.rofeLu e

lrurad +ou op selrnosor +r smer^er {1a1es pa;re1ep Sutlrnpuor ut lt+eueq el}+tl st oraql .'sMer^er Ala+Ps lPr.ujo, luenDar+ul

uo SurI;ar upql req+pr 'u;erSord elupuolurptu aleudotdde ue ,{q passatppP aqplnol osaql 'senssr elueue+utptu arp seouent+ep pa+tluapt aq1 ,to {uer"u '{11e:td{1 .

:senssr Surnno;;orr aq+ sesrer snlf

Page 82: Highway Safety Handbook

vt

'af,ualradxa qlrM e8ueql seltppjd paldaltv .

se8Essau +o,{rernle 'Ilnrpapa.r 'sseusnonrrdsuor 3u4ra;4e 'aut1 lano a8e saf,rneq

saurl lq8rs pup selt^ep selnlsqo pue snnolS Sulderspuel

sarnlpa, lueura8eueu 4!+u4 lo uorstnord ;o ,irenbape aqi 4taq) oI

sernlpe, p?or eql;o {rualstsuol aql llsql oI

auJ4 Jano a8ueqr upf, ppoJ aql apseq puel puepeoj aql,o sasn 'saqs?r) ol peal ,{aq1 aro;aq seSueqr ol pueilP 01

(3u;;rer adrd ;eluozuoq,tole^ouer

'alduexe Jo]) quaullpaJl uolpe ssprrl ro, suotlpf,ol !11uap1 o1

sarnparold af,upueluptu auqnol ulsuralqo:d $guap1 o1

olueualu|Eulourlnor uo {;alaldruor Surr{;e.r ueql reqpl ',!artes ssalppe ,{;;ecr4rads o1 .

luaurleall lodslrelq luepolp p wefiotd e luaualduor o1 .

zspeoJ Surlsrxa /\Aotnar ,!a;es {qnn

'rr;qnd 3ur;Jane;1aqt o+ )su uo pedr-ur s+r pue lueuJlpa;J p +o slr+auaq pup slsol +o +uat.llssesspue arnbar llrM arnlrpuadxe ro; sarluoud uo Surprre6 'par11snI eq ]ou {eu uotln;ose uo arnlrpuadxe 'sasel req+o ul 'uorlnlos a^rlla#e {Juo aq1 aq ,{er-u uorldo antsuadxeeql'sesp3 atrjos ul 'uorldo antsuedxa oq] upql sse; {J;eulSreLu {Juo (seqsPjl laMe+'a;duexa ro+) slr+eueq aprnord ,{eu ,{aq1 pue alqplre^p aq Ier-u suotldo lsol;aano;

'sesel

auos ul 'enrsuadxe aq Ieu (sqrel Jo salod Surlerolar olll) suotlnlos euos 'suotlnlos

olqelrpnp eql +o s+rlauaq pup slsol {Je>1rJ aql ro +uaussassp up e)pu o+ peeu ;1rnn Iluoqlne{ennq8rq aq+'ppor Surlsrxe ue rcsyodat Mar^or ,{1e1es peor aql lo uorla;duuo:3urmo;;o1

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^^arnor {1a;es peor aLl} dn 3ut^ ollol

Page 83: Highway Safety Handbook

]tpne ̂]ajes peor e Sullrnpuol

[€ uolpes eas :suorl?pueuuoJel ol le]ej slaqunNl upld ells :L elntll

@)r't/ (q)s te

(e)v't

'poda; lrpne {lartes Peota1a;dLuor p +o lpLuro+ eql ut +no 1as st a;duuexe stql'poulturalep Sulaq uotldo pajno^P+

aq1 o1 roud 'suotldo luauu8rle raqlo +o requnu P uo lno poulel ueeq peq llpne ,{lartesppol snor^ard y 'seue; l

Jel+ eql uor+ tu L saul qltm ,rnouoH +o enue^V, Sutlstxe

ue st areql uorlerrldnp +o uotllas auo 3uo1y '{11er1rur ulelue; lllM suol}leslalut aperS-1p euos 1nq

'lennaar; paleredes aper8 ,{;1n; P eq lllM peor eq} ,{;a1eLur1;1 'Sutssor:

;ana; {em;rer pue uorllesralut lln)r#tp P pto^P pue qf ue; a}nor eq} elnper ol uol+Pl^ep

rclew e pue enrnl auo +o luaLuuSt;eer routu e sepnllul lraford aql lnq 'luaLlu8t;e

Surlsrxa eql smollo] ,{;;eraue8 uorle:rldnp aq1 'pa1e:r1dnp eq o} sr {emq8rq P)il V

ase] aq] ol punolS)le8

lpodax llpnv /1a;e5 peo6 alaldruol e +o aldluexa uV)uorldo ]uaruuSrlV Xennr-18r;-1 iernU e uo ]loda5 ]ipnv {1a;e5 peo1

'Surpodar ,ro se;fis +ua;e#tp se llem se

'spa[ord pazrs-luere#rp +o s]rpnP a]erlsnllt ,{aq1 'sasodrnd uotleluasetd lo; pare+le ueeq

eneq spoder ltpne ;eut8uo eql +o s+uoulala lere^es :{;uo antlerlsnlll eJP sa;dLlexa aq1'slrpne {1a;es peor lenlrp uo peseq setpn}s asef pastreuuns suleluol reldeql slqf

salPnls ase]

Page 84: Highway Safety Handbook

[€'9 alqet ]o sautl eql Suole '4sU ]o p^el aql aJDtput

tqtttlm s8ur4ueJ uoqepueuuo)al aptnotd o? ueel ypne aLD qsmt Aew luatp e ;a?o/V/

'po)uprun {;durs aJp lnq 'luepodurrun lou a;p pe)uerun orp qlrqM sua;qord reqlo'palear8 poreprsuol sr ta8uep

rol Jerluelod eql sp 'anloser ol po#a +sou eq+ Suurnbe; uue;qord p :,1_NV1_UOdWl, .

:se pe)uPr ueaq aAPq suorlepuauuoler auos

sSurluey uorlepuauuolau €'t

'qlu)Ot L eq lllM peoi eql uo +r.url paeds eq1 '{emaarl e

ol uorsranuol elpur+ln rorr uorsrnord q+rM 'suorllasre+ur euos aneq l;;erlrur llrM ppor aql'1e1t ,{;;eieueF sr pueJ aqf 'uosrqrrnW

}spl ssedr{q o} uorlprnap e 3urpn1:ur 'prpelrv pup8uuqery1 uee^ laq {ennq8rg {a11e1 urnqlnoD eq},to uorlerrldnp elll sa^lonur paford aq1

slrPlec elrs puP ]leford e',

'X1r;r:e1 eq1 ,to {lartes +o la^al eq1 enorduur plnoqs suorlepueuuoleraq1lo uorldopp loqlp; l,e1es, sr elrs eql lpq+ oe+uprpn8 1ou plnoM srql 'pamollo+ eq olere,rnpodar srql ur suotlepuorur.llolol oql lle +r reLlUnl'palllluepr ueeq sEq {ruarrr;ep,{lene 1eq1 eppu sr ealueren8 ou teql 1no slurod sro+rpne aq1 )aneanoH 'sprpzpq

,i1e;es ;er1ua1od {rrrluapr o1 lq8nos spq }r pup {larres resn p€or pa#e ,{eu q:rqnn pafoldaql +o sarnlee+;errs,{qd sra^ol }rpnP eqf '(L)oa ypny fia|e5 peoa ro} saurpptnDspeoqsnv eql ur +no les sernpelord aq1 Surnno;;o; lno peurel ueeq seq lpnp eq1

'pea{) Arcnue1 q}9 L uo re8eueuLueal u8rsep eql qllm SurleaLu uorla;duor e pue QeeA) Arcnue1q1E; '{epseupeM uo

lq8ru 1e pup uooura+,te eLll ur elpl ppor +o suorlles Iqreau pup elrs eql +o uorlledsur ue'1, xrpuaddy ur pelsrl sluarunsop eq] ]o uorlpur.upxe 'selr#o {1uoq1ny ppou elpls aqtp 1rce41 Arcnuel ql€1, uo uueel u8rsap eql qllm SurlaaLu lpr+rur ue pasuduor lpnp eql

' luo4esr ue8ro' uorlrsod'suorleorrtrpn b'eLUpN)

pup (uorlpsrue8ro'uorlrsod'suo4ecrru;enb'aue5;

:3ututer1 ,Losasodrnd eql ro+ 's;a^rasqo sp tueal lrpnp eq+ paurof a;doad SurnnoJ;o; aq+ 'uorlrppp ul

'luollustue8ro' uorlrsod'suo4e:rru;enb'oulpN)

pup (uo[esrue8ro'uorlrsod'suoqe:rru;enb'auue51)

:r{q 1no peujel seM }rpnP eq1

'€ uorpes ur sBurpurrt

lrpnp aql ro+ sreqrunu aluere+er q1r,rn .raq1a8ot 'elrs aq] 1o 1no{e; eql sMor]s ; arn3r1

',i1uoq1ny ppou elpls eql +o luaLupedeq u8rsa6 eql ro+

lno paurel ueeq seq +rpne eql '{ennq8rpl {eg1e1 urnqlnoD aql +o uoq)es p a}pl^ep pupa1e:r;dnp o1 ;esodord aq+ uo lrpny {1a1e5 peox a8e15 ,{1r1rqrsea3 p ruor} s1;nser podar srql

sllPlec sserord 1!pnv pue ro+rpnv ,'L

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uor]f,npoJlul L

Page 85: Highway Safety Handbook

lrpne ̂]ales peor e Surllnpuo]

{;Sutptor:e u8rsap pue e}nor o;r{rtq euturo+ec:uollPPustutuoleu

l(er,neetS eqi uo pallruured aq {aq1 ;1rnn to '{eanq8tq Surprxa aq1 8uo;e pe}lalrp 3q{aql llnn

'sisr;r{r }o spaeu eq+ }o uorleraptsuol parrp ,(ue aq ol readde +ou saop areqj

slsr;r{r ro} uotslnold (3)

(j_NVIUOdWI) puelul u8tsap )lnll asnluoll?pueululofeu

releuuered 3ur;;o4uor P eq lltM pue suolllasre+ul

aperS-1e 1;e 1e sr{enna8purel utpul aq13uo;e eluept6 1q8r5 uotpesla+ul e+PS reJ pealxe

o1 Ila1r; sr ppor eq1 ,to peads u8rsep eq] lo+ eluplsrp 1q8r5 Surddo+S )lnr11eq1 reJnrrpedur pup 's>llnrl ro1 pau8rsap aq plnoqs sluauela ,{ennaa4 aq} leq+ suesru srql 'rie,rnq8rg

{a;;e1 urnq;noD eq+ uo s)lnrl sr lr;Jer+ }o }uel sed y7 Moqs s}unol uollPll+lssell ll#erf

s)lnl+ ro+ u8tseq 1q;

(1NVIUOdWI) suor+lesre+ur lP q+prM uPrpeu aseorlul:uollPPueuluoleu

'suotpas auos ur eptM tu g; {1uo eq lllM uetpeu aql lPq+ sreadde

11 'luarudo;enap

lprlrur aq1 se pasodord ate aseq] aleqm runurtuttu sal+eu tZ eq Ll+plm

uprpeu aq1 serrnbar aprnB u8rsep aq1 'suotlcasle+ut +o sad,{1 esaql qltm erueuadxa qserl

ol an6 'suorlf,as;o+ur ape.r8-1e lpqrur eql ;;e 1e pasodold a;e ,sluaul+eal+ uelparu aplM,

slueu+Perl uerpeu aplM (P)

senssl I'eleueD L'E

suorlepuaLuurofal pue sSulpu!] ]lpne aSels ,Qr;rqrseal €

'(epPLU Sl UO[epuoultuo]ale pup paqulsep sr ensst Surpuelslno eq+ 'palsll st requnu uo+l s,llpne snolnold eLlf) .

(epPu sr uoqepuauurolerp pup peqursep sr onssr Surpueplno eql 'pa+stl st loqunu urell s,ltpne snolneld aql; .

:ldarxa ';esodord luelnl aq+ qilm

pesserppp uaaq lp aneq suotldo luauuu8t;e +o +tpne snotneld eq+ ul pel+lluap! senssl eql

sa8els ]!pne snolnald uloJ1 suollepuaulluof,a1 (.

'ln+asn eq {euu

ue)pl eq llrM uor+lp eql uoqM lo ^ oL.l ,Lo uorleueldxe lnq '+ueuuol )aL1UnJ ou e;tnba;

{euu uoqepuouLuof,al e ,to erueldellv 'uoqepueuuolel +lpne uP ;o uotllelal qlPe lo+

suospor Surnr8 '8ut1unn ul o1 papuodsal eq plnoqs podar lrpne {1e;es peol leulo+ slqf

'suorlereprsuor pafo;d laqlo llp q+tm uot]lunluor ut la8eueu ]raford aq1 ,{q pa;aptsuol

{lpuuro,r ueq+ a^pq pup suelqord ;er1ua1od lq8lltlSlq o1 {lrunpoddo aql sepl^old ltpneoql ,eqieu '1pne eql o1 asuodsa; qn?euew l:afotd aq1;o eno;dde lo ol aalSe ol lollpne

eql +o alor alll lou sr +r 'oslv 'suorlppueuuoler llpne aq1 ;;e ldarre o1 uorle8t;qo ou rapun

sr ra8Bueuu palord V ]o+rpnp aq] q1M ]ou pue )e8eueuu pafordTtauSlsep aql qllm slsalslem;e u8rsep peor aql to1 {1r;rqtsuodsar 'seur;aprn8 lrpne Ilartes peor aL{l ul +no +es sV

Uodau llpnv eql o+ Surpuodse1 t't

Page 86: Highway Safety Handbook

(INVIUOdWt) ',(seerl eql +orpell uorllellop laureq lo+ serl3r.u z +noqP 8urnno11e 'sl

lPrll) seu€l 3u+3r1 eql uor+w g +o +as#o uP +P rerJJPq {1a;es adol arM asn 'eslMJeqlo 'pelnpel eq uPl saqselll1;enser ppo;-JJo-unr +o reqrunu eql +r oas o+ arnln+ rpeu eq] ur seurl e8pe a;rpe1 qltm,{emq8rq Surlsrxe aq1 aprnord 'uor}las prpplrv ul 'sauoz )eep +o uotslnord aql Mat^eu

:uorl?pueuuolgu'pereprsuol aq plnoqs uot+lo+ord +o uorsr^ojd 'euoz

reell eql eprslno lsnf sarl plpzpLl Surueleatql -a+ll p ,tl lpLl+ ]no slutod aprn8 u8rsep aq1'lanannog 'saluelsurnlJo

leurou repun sldarre r{1uoq1ne {ennq8rq eq+ leql )sll +o leneleql lllrrrJdr-ul sl slql 'qiplM euoz rpall srql ulq+lm lorluol re^oler ro dols sallrqeA ppor-JJo-unJ ]o %08- %gL {;u6r'uorssncsrp sarrnbar euozrpell w 6e +o uorldope aql

'Lua;qord aq1 alenladrad ,{;uo ;;rnnsrql 'podeg uorldopy elnou eq] ul umoqs se uerpeu r{enneer,t pesodord eq} ul saar} }oMol lpuorlppe ue 1ue;d o1 ;esodord eq] qll/! aa;8e 1ou seop urpa+ +rpnp eq+ 1nq

',irrlod

Lural-3uoJ elqpuospel p sr sauel lr#erl eq+ wots Aeur- saarl ppap ;o lueu,raru;deJ aqf

'eu?l lr#Prl eql LU04 LU / lnoqe arP rnouoH +o enueAV eq+ ul soarl eq+ esneleqsallserl {lJenser eroru seq uor+les prppl;V eql }pql +nq'uot}los,{er,tq8rq eloqm aq}3uo;e re;rLurs e;p slrlsua]lueq) pec.'l-J+o-unJ oql +eql olpllput o+ r.tlees plpp +uapolpeql 'uor+les prpplrv aql uo rnouoH +o anuoAV aq+ sr anss! lPUorlles ssorl ulPu eqf

uot]les ssor) t't

uorlena;aradns ro lueuu8r;e aq1 uFrsapaX:uoll€pueuuoJau

'arn+lnrls eq] ssorlp llplssorl +up+suol sr areql os a8puq aq1

,o qlnos pernpo;lur oq plnoqs uorlenalaradns aql 'palsnfpe eq louuer luaLuu8t;e aq11;'aBpuq eq+ ssorlp rnllo o+ sreadde luauudolanap uorlena;eradns p OOO'EL qf reaN

a8puq uo luaLudo;e^ep uorlpnolaradn5 1q;

'uorldo ern+n+ p se srql Mollp ol puel erueseu:uoll?pueuuoleu

's1ods 1e;1 o^ l eleururla pue r{ema8eurereuo uo pasn aq ol llP+ssojl esra^pe MollP plnoM qlrqM 'snrpPr LUnLururLu ejlaLU 000t+o o^Jnl e o1 {lrunpoddo eq1 sr ereq} O6O'tt qf pup OOO'ZL q3 xordde ueem+ag

',fiessacau +r pelnporlur umorl lpuorlrppp

up alnporlu; 'lsrnnpadns qlpe +p lueLuaned eql uo qldep moJrt ra+pm eql )laqf:uollPpueuuoJou

'lueurdo;enep uor+p^alaradns ,{rana uo - I;,rno;s oo1 {emeurejp,{eLu relpM araqM - slods }pl+ aq lltM oraql supeLu stq+ pup (%d+e} sr 3u1per3aql Ja^aMoH 'snrper salleru OOOZ +noqe to senrnl +o slsrsuol I;;eraua8 luaLuu8tle eq1

slueudolenap uorlp^eleredns ur sqldep relpM (p)

lueLUuSrlv z't

'dLue; ,{r1ua punoqLltnos aq1 ;o ped

luerefpe elll pue Aenltet aql ueeMleq elua+ uaarls e.rc13 e eprnord '3uuqe41 +e

'oslv's,{enna8erlef urelu aLl} o} 1a1p.red sr p€ol a8eluol; p ereqM sespf, llp ur 8ur1ue;dueerfs a.re13 lq8r;peeq ro,r Suruue;d aderspue; ur pup uoqles ssorJ ut uotstnord a1ey1

:uorlEPueuuotau'sronup {ennq8rq esn+uol ro per}srp {eu speor a8eluorl uo saptqen 1o slq8rJpeap

Suruee;cs are13 lq8rlpueH (p)

Page 87: Highway Safety Handbook

Upne ̂]ajes peor e Surllnpuo]

{3a1e4s Sur8els ql'eo lo+ s;ollert u{1e,tes aq1 ssessv:uollEPueuuoJou

'uor+f,nrlsuol a8ep ro; pedo;enap ueeq e^Pq o1 sleedde u{3e1er1s rrrtr:ads op

,{3a1er1s 3ut8e15 1e;

uot]lnrlsuol eSels E't

(INVIUodWI) 'eruplsrp 1q3rs uorpesre+ur alps eprnord pue peeds u8rsep eql Mer^auluo!l?Pu9tutuOleu

'qlLU) OOt eq o1{;a1t; alou.t sr ppou uMol

+elorn-uosrqlrnw aql uo punoqlsem paads Sutlerado aql 'qlu) 08 sl peor lellepe eql

ro+ uasoql paads u8rsep aq1 q8noql;e 1eq1 s1sa33ns ruPa+ +lpne eqf 'saal1 Sutlslxa pue

3ur;re; aFpuq 'lueu)uequa lauuPql eq+ o+ anp 'peor ulPul aq+ uo ll#erl punoq+sem

ro+ eluelsrc 1q8r5 uorlrasralul alps aptnord o1 ,{;a1r;un st leuueql uotle8tttl eq} +o }sa^pnl peoX uMoI lalorn-uostq]rnw q+tm leer]S eolsPd ]o uol]leslolur pesodord eq1

+aerls eorsed (q)

',{;rsee luaua8uetrc pellol+uol-ssollB e}Puqln aq+ ol pafe^uol aq ol elqe sl uol}nlosuesoql oq+ arnsul 'eerp srql ur suorlfesralul aql ,to 1no{eJ eq+ loplsuol ,illn;ale3

:uollPPueuuolau

)o+lp+ SurlerrldLuor P st esnoqpeol luerelpe aq1 1e ssat8a pue sselSut

ro,t sluaLuaSuprv 'uaas olam alts slq] le luaudo;enap lort suotldo lere^es +o seqrtels

pPoU (ssow) ec;nl- 3uuqe11 1e;

suollresjelul v't

(:ats rs=m No oNtNSolM) Noltcfs vlovcuv

(rols rsv= No gNtNlolM) Nolrcfs vlovcuv

u09 rnouoH lo €nuo v

raptnoqs u€

Page 88: Highway Safety Handbook

08

(alep) uor+les lsel uosrqljnw ̂pMeerl /iallpn urnqlnoD 'suotldo +uauuStlv

a^rlPure+lv +o +lpnv ,{1arte5 peoS a3e15 {1r;rqrseal 'dnor3 u3rsa6 peou vus 't

lunuew u8rseq pPoU VUS 't

,LLO6T olO9LO6Z lnD sueld '1rafo.r6 {ennaarl {e;Je4 utnq;nog '{1uoq1ny ppou elels 'Z

;OOZ 'seurloprn8 lpny ,{1arte5 ppou 'speollsnv 'L

+lpnv oql Suunq pesn s+uaunlo6

L xtpueddv

I

raaur8uS u8rseq peou roruas '(oLueN)

U]CV]I WV]I J.ICNV;aaur8u3 {1arte5 pPoU '(aLupN)

'uorlPlueueloul

ro,t re8eueyy pelor6 eLll ̂q uotlelaptsuol Jo+ premrol 1nd arp suotlppueuruolar3ur{uedLuorle oqf 'podar slq+ ul palou ueeq e^pq sansst pot+t+uept aq1 ';esodord

eql lo {1a1es aq1 anordrur o} penouer ro perallp eq plnol qrrqnn u8rsap aq} +osern+pa+ ,{ue 8ur{;rluapr ,to esodrnd elos eql lo+ lno peurpl ueeq spq +tpnp oqf 'o+ts eq}pepedsur e^pq aM '; xrpuaddy ut pe+stl s+uaunlop pue sue;d eql pautulpxe enpq eM

]uauralels SurpnlfuoJ v

uotloo stql loptsuoJ:uorlPPuauurof,eu

'ppou u^ of +alorn-uostqlrnwqlrm uorpasrolur aLll 3ur1e:oJat {;uerodual 'uotpnl+suol Suunp rrgerl {emqFIq lqesn ro+ prepupls q8rq e 1e seupl oml o1 dLuer fi1ua punoqqpou eql +lnrlsuol o1 uorldoup sr oreLll '{ennq8rq Su4srxa eql ie^ol ;;ran 8urJllrr +ueu}nqp a8puq pasodord eq1

e8ueqorelu; ppou uMoI +alotn-uostL.llrnw eq+ 1e e8pug 1r;

uoqlruFuol Suunp sluaua8uel;e )\+ul ol uoquenp rc;nrrped ,{e6:uotl?puoruruoteu

'Lu z +noqP +o eluere#rp lo^al p q+tM

{ennq8rq Surlsrxa eq+ ssoll lllm (0OO't - OOV'Z q)) leuupqf urpw ulnqlnoD }spl eq} }oqpou pnf s{enna8Bulec Meu eq} 1eq1 sreadde +t 'elqeltp^B

}ou spm aurJapet8 e q8noqlly

3uuqe7il le uorllnrlsuof (q)

Page 89: Highway Safety Handbook

llpne ̂]ales peor e 3ut]lnpuol

'sasnoq oM+ aseql ol ssalleSurprnord serllnlr#rp ralear8 o1 ppel {euu podat stql ut ereqMesle suot}epuotutuof,al

+eql pue duer uo eq+ +o u8rsep ro,t suorldo urprlsuol sesnoq oM] eq+ +Pq+ +uoptnasr il 'oslv 'r{1e,tes ro+ asoll oo+ erp slutod uotpeslelul asoL{l 'uolpesre}ul }uelsej]3ue17peoX slllH f od eql Luor+ ,(eme setleu nna; e {1uo }uolsor3 3urc1 qltnn speee}ulqrrqnn lenn 1o 1q3u e ern pasodord sr peoy suoilnrls ut sesnol.l oM+ aq+ o+ sso)lv .

]uaLudola^ap pue rttadotd ol ssaffv L

'[suopepueuuof,oJ ol relar sraqunNl 1noIe1 peog pesodotd eql to LOZd 'oN uuld

'Lozd oN uPld ulumoqs orp s4rom pesodord eqf 'sppor

lplol eql ol ueql reqler 'slueuianoLu ;oleLu aq1 o1srseqduua enr8 pue alerlo8eu ol s)ln;l +o requnu a8le; aq1 Joj retsee lt e)Pur ,fi1auuoa8aq1 anordLur o1 sdu-rel aq1 uFrsepar o1 pasodord sr lr puP plepue+sqns eJP uotlfeuuof,slql +o sluaruela ruleuuoa8 auos peou slltH Uod qltM +leuuol ol (peou suonnrls)ppor lplol e asn {eana8eurct punoqq+nos aql #o pue uo sduue.l eq1 'suot+lallp

llp ur s+ueue^ou ro+ Suueler 'ppo1 slltH +rod uo suotllesrelut epefi-p q+tm peoleql +louuoJ sdrueg 'peor {enne8eurer e;3urs 'euel oM+ paads-q8rq B st pPoU leuunf'uorllasrolur paleredas eper8 aq1 Luot,t {enny ppou slllH +Jod Ja^o Iennq8rq aq1 3ur1e1sa8puq urml q+r/1 'oFB srBa{ gg pale.redas epe.r8 sEM pPoU leuunl uo uotlfasle+ul uV

asef aq] o] punorS)reB

M0N-

luaura^ordr.ur uorlfasralut paleredas apet8 e uo Uodal ilpne l,1a;es peou

Page 90: Highway Safety Handbook

Z8

l_NVl_UOdWl 'uorlnlos p eprnord ,{eru luetser3 3ure1 Surpn;rur

+noqppunor p 'lueuuol e^oqp eql oi pefqn5 'a8puq aq+ +o q+nos el]rqe^Surpr;;uor ro u8rs ';eu8rs {ue o+ s}suolotu punoqq+nos rto ,fr;rqrsrn lruur; ;;ran srarde8puq eq1+eq+ purLu ur rpag 'srua;qord aseq+ pron'e o1 uol]leslelur eq1 u8rsepay ,'Z

:uollPpueuuloJeu'spEol epts esaq+ +o

euo olur uJnl ol Sutpuelut ellrr.le^ p ,to s+uauo^oLu oq+ lard;alursrr-u {eu spuolor-use snoraFuep sl slql'lsdLuer JJo/uo eq+ lp pup +uolsor) 3ure1 1e; peou sllrH Uodoluo suor+lasrelur paceds {;aso;r oml ur sllnser u8rsap aql 'oslv 'spaads rr;rtet1,{1e111 1e elenbapeur sr srql 'slard a8puq eql }o uorlrsod aq1 o1 anp 'due; uo eq} o+uolq8u Surulnl lsuolour p ro+ alup+slp lq8ls pipmro+ +o w gV {;uo sr ereLll 'setue}srp

lq8rs sernper e8puq eLll o+ resoll peo1 sllrH pod JJo lurod urnl-1q8u aq1 Surnoyy .

sduer rlo puE uo aq] qllM peou slllH Uod jo uotlrasralul Z.

J.NVJUOdWI'uels^s pPoJ lesol eq+ PrA p'eou suoilnrls r.uor+/o+ ssaf,fe e+enoapP spr^ord z'L

:uotlEpuouuorau'eJeqMasle sluotuonor.u {enn-Suornn ;o

'ppou louunf uo surn+-n snora8uep ol peel plnol srqt 'druer

;;o eql #o urnl Uel p

ern lderxa 'p'eo1 suoilnrls o+ur peurplurpur ueeq spq ssef,lp lpql lueprne lou sr +l

INVlUOdWI'sluauuanordLul or.ll a)eu o+ suorlplol reqlo ro s{em reqlo ro+ )ool puepaford eq+ ro+ ,{pn1s ,i1r;rqrspo+ oq} uedoel 'euop eq louuel srql rtl 'a8eluorrt

luelser) 3urc1 qr ern {;uo eq o} euo r{;raqlnos alou oql o+ ssarlp ellrqe^ arrnbarpup euo {J.raqpou erou eql errnbre ro 'sesnoq oml asoql Suunbn Jeplsuo3 t',

:uotlEPuauuotou

'p?ou leuunl oluo

sselre eql 8u;nordug lo;elq?llp^P uere eJp;; ftenseq e8uequalul eql

Page 91: Highway Safety Handbook

'pEou leuunl

relua sllnrl eSrEl

'urnl lqSu Meu e JolpasodoJd uollslol aql lP

esuPlsrp lq8ls pr?Mro,

llrlser srald e8pu8

€B]rpne ̂lales peor e Sullf npuol

'pPoE lauunf puP dLuPJ uo aql +o uol]laslelul eq+ punore

Sururenn pup uorlpaullep of uotlue]]e teln:tped le4 'uollrsuell :trlauuoa8p epnllur ol ppou lauunf ol uor+leuuol s+t pue durpr uo eq1 u8lsapag 7'g

:uorlEPueuuolau'saqreordde qloq

uo lr#pr] o1 uant8 eq plnoqs ,euel poppe, eql ]o 3ulurel4 'seuel qleo;dde onnl

eql uo pue e8puq elll uo sauel oml aq1 aleredes o1 partnbar sl uolleeullap 3uor15'QUJul tllLU) O0t a^eq llrM LlllqM) suel pueq-+q8u aq1 olur qleolrua llrM s>pnrl

asrMreqlo 'aBpuq eql uo IennqFlq aql ol diuet parunr aq1 urof o+ snlper ralearB

+o e^rnl uorlrsuprl e sattnbar 11 'alenbapeut lltls st 1nq luasard +P ueql ralealS

sl snrppr eLli 'ppo1 leuunf So Ae,v'e?ettter qFnorql aql sleeu dLlel uo aql ereqM

'u o'(. +sPal lP ol uelpau eql +o qlplM eql esPerlul , t

:uorlPpuauuoleu'su8rs {ue ro+ Molle ol lo sallrllen e8te; Sursoddo ueaM}oq elueleall alenbape

enr8 o1 Morpu oo1 st duer Jlo aql pue duet uo eql ueemlaq uelpeu aql +o qlplM

aql sel+au 7'y1e'dwet stql Sursn s1rnr1 e8te; +o raquJnu aq1 Sutleptsuol ueqM

clLuer uc punoqqln(}s f

rrt- --

tr

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Page 92: Highway Safety Handbook

ernln, eql

'sdLUpr panrn3 oq+ lp seare ppor-#o-unr )sr;-q3rqpue 'a8puq punoqqlnos eq+ +o lualutnq? uraqpou gal aL{} r

pup 'ppou slllH Uod uo srerd a8pr;q aq1 .'.+o sp)ezeq Surlsrxa aq1 pelord o+ reureq qsprl p aprnord 1,'9

:uollPpueuuoleu'alrs srql +e svezeq 1:afqo paxr,t Surprxa lerenas ere ereqf

uotlfalold L{seJJ g

INVIUOdWl (s)uor+lasraluI,{q.reau aq1 q8norql sqled a;rI:rq luenbasuor eq} o} uor}uo}lp re;nrrped{e4 '{ennloo+ parpqs e o1 qledloo; eql Surpenuor {q se;r{rtq )o}ept^ud Z'g

:uorl?puouil.uof,eu'rl#Prl lolor.u pue slsr;r,{r {q asn peJPqs ro} MoJPU ool erP sAertne8eulPr eseqf

's{Bnne8Bum aql rto sa8pa relno eq} ol luarelpe pup uerpau eq1 ur srard a8puq qlrnn's{eme8euler eue; e;8urs oml o}ur s1r;ds peor aq1 'a8puq eql repun peo1 sllrH }od uO

tNvluodwl 'peol sllrH +rod ol 'auel uor+erelelap eql +o +rP+s

aq+ LUor+ slsr;cft rcS /rerttra8eue) +o uorlles pelpeurlop r{;eleledas e opr^ord ,'g:uorlPPusruruolgu

'sall^lrq

pup sllnrl lq asn porpqs ro; alenbapeur ere sqlprm aue; pesodord aq1 se 'duue;

#o pue auel uor+prelerep eql +oede aql ur peprnord aq p;noqs qlprm,ienna8eureralerede5 ppou sllrH Uod rro qUou ppou lauunl osn 01 pal1ru-uad are slsr;rI3

sal]llrfej olfAf,rB I

'pPol suoilnrls o+ur reoel uor+Prolalap urnl-++el P ro+ peeu eql )leqf 9't'fiBssarau

ll puela;rnb:y pue; alenr,rd rro rpell sr uorllasrelur eql uror+ lq8rs rLo aurl eLil +eq+ )leqf t't

lNVtUOdWt 'elqrsr^

ere ,{e,rnq8rq aql Surlrxa sallrqe^ +eql os dLuer ;rto eq} q}lm ppo1 suolJnn5 u8rJy E'y'epelu

]ou arp s]ueuanouu {enn-8uormelnsue o+ ppou suo+lnrls ur puplsr ra11r;ds e )o/pue uorlpeurlep 'su8ts ;eptsuo) e',

:uo!lBpuauuolau'paeds le Luaql pulqaq uorl Suruor aq {eiu dLue.r

#o eql uo lr#erl lpql pue 'lrrel urnl lsnu {aq1 lpr.ll peo1 suo}+nrls tuor} s+srro}otlosrnpp o+ luepodur oq lllm ll

'ppou suoilnrls pue duer #o eql ,to uorllasra+ul eq+ +V

'uorllesrelur ppou suoilnrls oq+ +e sanssr pun! ur Suueaq'snrppl e^rnl eql 8urua11e;rt reprsuo) 'aue; q8norql eql +o reall uorlpralelepSurpruurad 'spaeds ellrqe^ I;a>1r1 aq1 ro,t eupl uorlprelelep aq1 u8tsapau t't

:uo!l"pueuuolau'(duer pa^rnl eq+ +o uels eql lP seqsers

peor-#o-unr pup eupl qFnorql eq+ ur seqsprl lrpl-o+-asou pro^p o+) dLUer penrnlaql +o elup^pp ur pepaeu sr euel uorlerelelep eprm pup 3uo; ,{;alenbepp up 'ramol

{;qeraprsuor sr peads duer a,res eql pup q/ur) OOt eq lll/v\ spaads qreordde 1eq1uanrD 'llrqumop sr aper8 aq1 'dLuer aq+ uo erunl esre^er e {q pamo;;ort 'eue; q8norqlpunoqqlnos a;8urs eq1 ;rro ledel loqs p +o s+srsuo) dLuer ;rto punoqqlnos oqf

I

dr-uet #o punoqqlnos

Page 93: Highway Safety Handbook

9B]rpne ̂]ajes peol e Surllnpuol

'uel eql uo ar? €€ PUE zE salod'lllnq eq lllM pu?lsl egnlal /'^eu eql elaq/r^ ol uotllesrelul eql uoll lsea-qlnos 8u;1oo1

'poda5 uor]lv a^t+lelloJ s,;e8eueLu lreford eql se+nlllsuof 'o[uau

Swtenot e qllm 8uo;e 'sasuodsat lo alqel stq,L 'elqel aqi ut u^ olls oslP ere sasuodser

osoq+ pu? 'pode; s,ro+rpnp aql o1 papuodsar uFtsep stql ro+ ra8eueu pefold aql

'ssaro;d lrpne oq+ +o suorlepueuLuof,el pue s8utputrt aql sluasald ,'6ePeL

'suelqotd Surlsrxa aq1Surn;os elrq^ suralqord qsen nnau Sutleerr +o )stJ eql estuluttllo1 u8rsap aq+ +o lrpnp ue Surlaes stra8eueuu lcalord eql 'luaur+Pe;11ods1re;q +uapllleue sr lralord eql sV 'laerls pro+sloqqV ut uoqtosrelut aql +o opts qlnos aql uo ouo puPpeoy uolSuruJel1 ut uorJf,es;alur eql ,o epts ]sea-qlnos eql uo ouo 'spuPlst Meu omlo1 dols Luprl aL{l SutleroJar senlo^ur paford eql 'soqser] {11enser uetrlseped ol pel seqsrqf 'seuel qloq ul paddols eq plnoM lrllprl 'seupl eql ]o auo ur paddols lr#Prl qlrm'1Pq+ pa^erleq ,{;ua1e1srr-u eAPq suPll}sopad ar-uo5 'seuq luele+}rp 1e saseqd ;eu8ts per pueuaer8 aneq uel qlrqm'eupl urnl-lq8u auo pue auel q8notql auo aspdtuol ssolr,{aq1saupl lr#pr+ oM] eql 'qlou eq+ o1 uoqelue;d eql puP peog uolSurua;1 ur qreoldde pam-r1;.tou eql uo a8n,ter dols Luerl oq+ ueeM+aq Sutssotr suetllsaped enlo^ut s+uapolP aql'puplsr a8n;er dols ruerl p tuor+ pue o+ peor oq+ Sutssotc suertlsapad Sutn;onut sluapl3leueulsepad snoleunu peq seq ppor upqrn reuur {enneSpu;pl-t+lnul e uo uotllesla+ut uV

asef aLl] o] punolS)feg

uorlefolaj a3n;al dols uuetl uollfaslalul ue uo uodar ]!pnP ̂]ales peou

Page 94: Highway Safety Handbook

9B

dols uer

'PorE padlrls eql ra^o PePuelxe aq lll/'^a8n;ar dols r.u?rl oql lee4s prolsloqqv ul

lr'6 elqel aas :suorlepueuLUoJer o+ ro,|-aj sreqLUnNl

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luauanud pellu.tl'l'qreotddu lsa^ -tlilou

eql uorl 3u;1oo1

Page 95: Highway Safety Handbook

IBltpne ̂]ares pPor e 3ul]lnpuo]

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Page 96: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 97: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 98: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 99: Highway Safety Handbook

L6 llpne ̂]ajes Peol e SullrnPuol

(e z- BM) o up, pe p pv ;1T [: :ilJ"j'; :il' ;1": iiii|^l :Jl,?:':i]i];l :::,,:uorlEpuauuolau

'auel (e8raur-ou) a^rsnllxa up sr auel {"r1ua aq1 se aleudolddeur ate uotlrutrIelE^uelV eq] ]Pslenna8eu.rB: urpu aq+ relue saupl dr;s utnl-1ta; q+oq eraqm su8rs rr;rLet1 Sur8tayy aq1

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a8uuqr;elul llelpuel tP{emqtlg rPr.uef lsel

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eql ,Lo qUou aLll o+ )aarl spleurpB rano aBptrq Sutptxe uP +P spua lraford eq-L 'qlnos

aql rrror+,{eanq8rq pepl^lp peper8dn {;1ua:er P ol uorsualxa {eana8etrler a;3uts e,^^ ", .r.,^ ,-,^,, tv )+),)uwJ q; ,r1rv lyrwuiAo;d e 1o Sqlnqns u.ia[.i+]ou oqi punolE +ilnq ulcq seq ssedlq ;'

asef aq] o] punolSlreB

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Page 100: Highway Safety Handbook

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'uorlrqrqord eql arro+uler o1suSrs (8Et-6lD) ^pM 3uor7i4 pup (Bt-ZU) {.r1u1 op aq1 alerr;dnp 1ltal Sururnl oro+aqIem anr8 ol paeu alll sesrlper rr;rter1 u{emq8lH plo ernsue }nq ((l)Vt t-79; u8rsurnl lr#erf llV up q+rm (V9-ZU) u8rs u;n1 +q8l1 oN aq1 Surre;dai reprsuo1 E'L

:uo!l?pueuuof,eu'du-rer-;rto aq1 Suuelua {emq8rg plo eq+

u.o;;)Ule;.+ +o olupql eql esrulrur.! o1 su8rs lle+sur o+ anrleradur sr 1r 'e8ueqrrelul

lp+pupl eq11e duer-;rto punoqqlnos aqt ol s>lurl uo4leuuor {ennq8rp plo eq} ereqM

'{em ant8 o1{lptrrt poou eql }o erpmp {Jlnrr ales+suoloru +pq+ orel3ur>1e1 '((U)tt-ZU) u8rs urnl )Ulr."ll llv up esn pue aurlqre)eql rellp 'urnl

Uel aq1 luena.rd o1 zfuessalau peueap sr 1r ;J 'u8rs oq+ e^oueu Z'L

:uollPpuoruruofsu'araq

Ual Sururnl uor+ pelue^erd aq lou paauaue; drJs urnl-Uol aLll sessr.u oq^ ronup y fuessarau lou sr uoqlunl a;enue;y aq1 1eAer,ne8eurct ssedriq aq1 1e IeanqSlq plo eql uor+ ll#erl 3ur:e; u8rs urnl Uel oN eqf

ez. i'i4

ospJeurPg

1"+

Page 101: Highway Safety Handbook

]lpne ̂lales pPol e Sutl)npuo]

le^erl +o spuolas LO w OOg r{;alerurxo.rdde a8puq eql ssorl lltM septqa^ punoqq+nos'uorparp qlPe ur s)ln4 e)Pfa^o ol s+slrolol.! ro+ uollPloLUel P eq lll^^ olaql 's)lnjl

3ur33o; Lueq+ +o {ueLu 'spnrl sr lr#er+ eLD +o %Oe {;aleLurxolddy 'paads q8tq lBLueql +o ,{ueLu 'aper8

llrquMop 8uo; e uo Sulqreoldde aq lllM q}nos eq} Luor+ selllqan's;Jem ledered q1t e8puq Ienna8eure: a;8uts e ol peol plppuels {eiuaarrt pepl^lp

epr^ ? tror+ luauuo;r^ue ppo; ut e8ueqr luect;tu8ts eLl+ o+ enp 'suelqold ,{1a1esro; ;er1ue1od q8lq p sr areql 'a8puq Suqstxa up uo )eer3 sprpureB sossoro lt eleqmleanq8rq Surlsrxa eql o+ur slur; ssed{q eLll e;eqm 'erueqls eq} +o pua uraqf ou aq+ }V

speor Surlsrxa o] sur-all g

'uol+p:ol srLll le lrprprpnB e rcS peeu aql ale8rlsanu; g'7:uollePueuuof,eu';rerplen8 ou seq ll

ouo relJPl eLll e)rlun +nq 'o€ L L'qf +P euo aql o+ lelrurs s! 08t t'qf }E f e^lnl IPLUS v

1NVIUOdW; 'Suruado ol roud lrerpren8 eql llp+sul Z Z

:uoll"puauuoleu'saue1 Sutleua^O pup seutl euel uo umoqs lou st +l +nq 'pellplsul

eq ol pelnpaqls sr sr.l+ pooprepun sr 11 'a8puq

)aal) spJPUlPg eql puu a8ueq:ra1u1

llp+pupl aq11e Surpnl eql ueem+eq ppor aqt ro soprs qloq uo pepeeu sr lrerprenS y

'railpq +nl eql qllM oPpo^o o+ Lu 0€I1e1er-urxordde ,{q pee eq} ol ppor eql Jo aprs q+nos aq} uo ;te;p;en8 aq+ pua+xl ,'Z

:uollEPueuuoleu'(eprs qlnos) 0ots'qf 1e ;te;pren8 aql purqeq ssed plno: ellrqa^ +uerle uv

uorlfalojd Llsejl z

'aro8 palured aq+ +o upls eq1 alsoddo reprm sr euel

+rxo oql +eLll os 'ea;e e;o8 palured aq+ uepoqs pup eurl ,{lrnutluor aq1 uaqf ua1 1'1,:uorl?Pueuuof,eu

'eupl lu#rl q8notql alll ut eler alqpllsapun uP 1P umopSurnno;s )oeue ero8 palured eql re^o 8ur;Janerl solltqa^ ol peel lltm pue loqs oolsr a8uequelul lle+pupl eq+ +e lrxa punoqqlnos aql ]o +Porql eql le eurl Iltnutluor eq1

'spaeds

aleudordde e8ernolue pue erunl aql +o sseulLlSt+ eqt elroluter plnonn dLuer qoea

+o sapls L.l+oq uo eur;a8pe uy 'duer qlee +o eprs+no eql uo aur;a8pa ue \ew g','Z'eVL;5y red sp 'sre)rpw lueLuu8rly uor^aq3 llplsul g't

:uorl?pueuuoteu'su8rs paads

ftosrnpe pue Sururenn a^Jnl eql sp llaM se'uol1eeut;op enlnl alenbape sa;tnbale8uequaluy llp+pupl aq1 1e sduel-JJo pup-uo perunl eq+ lo snrpPr 1q8r1 {;anr1e;at eqt

lNVl_UOdWl 'aplM Lu g'; I;aleLurxorddB 'puelsr

lerluol (paqra) P,{lqerartard ro; palured e 3ur;;e1sur ,{q uorlres,{em-o,rn1 aql uo seutl retJJPq eqlalu'equl uor+leuuof {emq8rp plo eLll o1 qreordde eql uo Uel eql spremo},{;1q8r;s 1r radel pue duer-;,to aq1 3uo;e aurla8pa eprs pueq-}q8u e 1e1su; y'1,

:uo!l?pueuuorou'uorllos r{enn-on4 eq1 qreordde r{aq1 se +}ol aq+ o+ ulEtlel o1 arueptn8 uant8 alB

duer-;;o eql uo Sulqreordde s;anup lpLll e;nsue ol peeu e st ereql uot+Plol slq+ lV

Page 102: Highway Safety Handbook

v6

'3u;uap;rvr etnln;3u;puad 'el!s slql l?)|su luaPltle aslululll.lo1 padleq a^Pq sretJJPqqspr) PUP uoReeu!lePeql 'l!pn? ieuv

l

'Suruado eql erolaq +no peurpl s1 Ilrcrlqnd ptpau alenbape lpql alnsul ,'V:uollPpueuuolau

uorleredo +o s{ep Frr+ eql ur seqsprl

luanbesuor pue uorsn+uol ranup alnpar ue: Sutuado peol Mau e;o ,i1rtr;qnd pooS

,Qrrr1qn6 V

'ilpne eqla.ro;eq e8p;rg 1eal3sprPuJ?E o1 qreo.rdde

lllqu/nop 8uo1 eql

'e8puq leer3 spreurpg aql ,to uorlel;dnp eq] ol ,{lrtoud q8rq antg 9'g

'z'zvL tsv reose su8rs (Z-9U) ,e8pug uo 3ut>lepano oN, fto1e;n8ar pup (UBlt-rc) sreUPLUqlprnn 'aFpuq oq+ o+ saqlpordde qloq uo su8ts (t-tM) ,aFpug MolrpN, lle+sul

'sarBds w ZL +e 'ppor popr^rp eql +o Uels aql olq8norqi pup ppor ,Lo uorlras srql q8norql eurl raurpq aql 8uo;e sWdUU lleisul

'e8puq aql uo ;;enn ladered ,to ad,{1aq1 uanr8 'a8puq aq1qSnorql l hnt pue (seprs qloq; aSpuq aql ol qreordde qree uo ;rerprenS IPFUI t'€'a8puq aql uo Surlepano ,Lo >lsu oq+ osrururur ol '(8t-6D) ,ppaqv LUI L euelSur4epeng, ue qlrm a8essau eq+ elro+urar pue a8puq eql +o qpou tu OOLauos,{;lueuwotd 17g-5g; u8rs,ppeqv ur xxx auel Surlepe^O, uP llP}sul Z'€

q+oq uo saqreordde pue a8puqpPor eq+ lo soprs

eql ssorle sFurryeu aFpa e;r1re1 enurluo) L'tlNl DU n :uollepuoultuoleu

'a8puq aq1

lp seqspro edrmsaprs pup uo-peeq ro1 ;er1ua1od lper p sr ereql leql s1se33ns peor

+o uorpes peads-q8rq Mau e puo{aq pnI slurod azaanbs rplr.urs qltm erueuadx3'uoqpn+rs srql ur 3ur>;epeno Surluana;d ut en;en pallLull +o eq llrm saurl leureg

'uerpor.u eq+ +o pue aq1 puor{aq (le^Prt +o spuolas 8 L)Lu OO9 pue a8rau euel euo ol auel oml erll +o pue aq1 puo,{aq (q/LU) OOL +P

I't

v'E

Page 103: Highway Safety Handbook

96]rpne ̂lales peor e Sullfnpuo]

{;peroru ; pedde;.rano sla!r,teE'eru;1 1q8gu 1e {J;egredse 'tulsn;uor

eJp s/ooup pup seull lueueaed lno-pellelg

llale/'^ qll^I\ pell!l ro

req1e8o1 pelleuuol lou eJe sle;r.req ,{1e;e5

'pedur; uo Suturnpenoro 3u;qrune; elr!qe^ Pu! llnsar plnol ,alilPquurpau elerluor eql

;o pue paradel aql

'Ll/w\ OL ol pelnper uaeq sPLl lttutl paads elll 'PolP s)lom eql lnoq8norql '1t;un

s|pPoleqf.sja)loMp|e|qsolseuP|]UJelleqt}oap|S}noel]luosje|lleqo}uo|}|ppPul 'rl#prl Sursoddo uaeMleq pellelsul ueeq seq )eyeq 1,{esra1 MeN,) e}erluofp pup pa6o;pu uaaq e4pq seupl afpuq eql 'uotpnllsuol lo+ q+plM alenbepe apl^old

oI peuoptMSuteqslre^uple^oeFptlq3uo1urOOLe'sllo^ aseql+oUedsV'uol+lerlpqlee ut eueg Sulddols IcuaS;aua ue pue seuPl ll#Brl oml eplnold ol sel+aLuoll) lela^esreno pelpltldnp Suteq st ,^eMlo+otu uPqJn, ,{Bane8etrrer elSuls pa}Predas-aper8 {lln} V

asef aLl] o] punorS)fe8

]raford uor]errldnp a8puq e ie s)io^ uo ilodal ]!pne {1a;es peod

Page 104: Highway Safety Handbook

96

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Page 105: Highway Safety Handbook

]lpne ̂lales peol e 3ul]lnpuol

o o- --l (r,f=f

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Page 106: Highway Safety Handbook

B6

leell daol ol srpl Surlrenn ello+ pue lt#prl Mols o1 peu8rsap duet e llplsut ro'ssaf,lp ueulseped eql re^o enenb +,usoop 1r os q8norq+-e^up eq1 u8rsepag 1.,

:uollEpueuiuoleu'uerplrql

llPLus epnllut lltMsuettlsaped eseql 'aupl q8no.rql-anup eql ul Surlrenn )lJ+ul +o enenb aq1 q8norqlssorl +snu luprnp+sol or.l+ pup lted te: aql ueeMleq s+uatuanotu uerrlsepad ;;y .

/^]ajes uetrlsapad L

'[suorlepueuruo]e.r ol re]er sJequnNl lueudo;anep luelnelseJ pesodord eq1 1o ue;d qr1e15

9Z @1aw Oil

<Yol oN3

' uorlerr Jdde luaudoJanapeL{} ur +sare}ur ou spL.l oqm roltpne paltpalllp ue {q lrpne u{lartes peot luapuedapurue palsanbar spq +uaLu+redep Suruue;d s,;lcuno3 'ppor

lpueue ue uo ;esodord eq1 ,touor+p3ol eql +o esnp3eB 'pale

luprnplsol pue ryed lel eq];o Surqruaq pup ssalle pedLuetsa^lo^ur ;esodord aql 'uot+pls utpl+ pue erluel Surddoqs duls luerefpp eql uor+ sselrpueu5epod aq lllm oloLl1 ']noqepunor aq+ +e urnl-n e ptn eppur aq {;uo upl e}ts aqlLuor+ pup ol s+uauonou't )U+e)+ otlos :lno uln] Uel euo pue ut surnl Ual oM] {q sr sserce'slurPrlsuos alrs oql jr.o esnef,ag 'lnoqppunol e z{q pe;lot1uol st qltqM,uot}lesjalut eql o+paper8 {;dae1s oslp st anuony s(tny'+eerls utew sprpmol uMop ado;s daals e sELl a+tsol..ff '(enuoAV s(tall ppol ro]lellos e pup (+earls utpw) ppor leueup up +o uot]lesje+uleq] +p'alrs reurof e uo pasodotd sr luetnelset z{ennee1e1 q8norql-ent;p pue ut-eutp V

asef, aq] o] punorS)fe8

lesodord ]uernelsor poolJsej e uo Uodal ]tpne {1a;es peo;

l.a:]UIs

Page 107: Highway Safety Handbook

trpne ̂]ajes peor e Surllnpuo]

srql ro+ parnber e;p ,speeds eal+,) e+eudordde 1ou sr pup lunol eqn+ lrlptuolneue uor+ sr p+pp srq+ la^a^^oH 'ppor srq+ uo Ll/w\ aV +o speeds alrluarjad q+E8salonb podag lredrul llJ+pl1 eqf 'elqple^p sr erup+srp lq8rs rto Lu t9 +noqp

'penoLue.r

e8erlort eq+ q+l7i4 'r{erinenup pesodord eq+ uor+ MarA oq} spu}ser enuelv s[le1 g7y'oN LUor+ a8er;ort aerf 'eluelsrp +Ll8ls alenbepeur seq anueAV sfura1o1uo +rxa aq1

]urod ssaffe ]no-ualanua^V szfurafl €,

'sluroo

sselle pup suorlplol alrs-uo lp )reqf '1:nr1 u8rsep aq+ o+epourruocre {;a1es o1

suor+Plol par+r+uopr eq1 ,{rupoyl 's)lnr+ rfianr;ep r{1e>1r1 1o suorsuerljrp eLl+ )laqf L Z:uorlePuauuofeu

'MOllPU OO] Sr enueAV Sr{lla1 O1 llxs eq} -

erBds Suunneoupr.u alenbepeur spq lprol a8eqre8 aq1 -

ll'e+ssoll es;e^pp v q , e spq pup 1q8r1 oo1 sr ,q8no;q1 e^up, aql ra+rp uJnl Uel -

q8noue aprm +ou :ryed rer reddn aq1+o pua qlpo lp eeu;ol eql -

qFnoua epl^ +ou :+aorls utpw #o dLuer aq1 -

:ap n llu I uorlelr+r pour 3u u r n bar s uorlplol'sape;3-ssorrdaap uo Surddrpano ro 'peacord ol replo ur s>ped rpl pup sperp upulsepad urSursrenar 'sqral reuoc Suruunr-rano lnoqlm e1s eqt ssellp ol sellrqe^ a8eqre8 puesalllqa^ rtenr;ap lLurad plnoqs u8rsep eqf 'pesn uaaq e^pq ol readde 1ou seop 'adr{1

srql;o s4red )eJ )o+ parrnbe; ',>pnr1 prSu {neaq, 3uo1 Lu L'ole',aprqen u8tsep, aq1

ssafse )f,nJl z

1NVIUOdW; 'pa.rnbel arc s;eu8rs ueulsapad req+aqm eurnjro+ep pup lnoqppuno;

oq+ le seunlo^ 3t#er+ aql elPutFe-eu 'suotlPlol lPlil.urs ur pa{aruns adril s1q1,tos+uprnp+ser ro+ saunlon a;rluacrad qlgg Sursn uorleraua8 lr#erl eqt ssesspau t'L

:uollPpustutuofeu'pollplsur are s;eu8ts ueulsepad sselun +lnsar lltm

sluapolp ueulsapad 'os +l

'lr#'erl eq1 ur sde8 Surpurl {1;nrr;rup aneq ,{euu sueulsapad'palrrpard ueql ralear8 aq tnoqppunol aq+ qSnorql s+uouenour lrjlp;l plnoqs'seunlo^ lr#prl lPoo ,elrluelred q198, J|.o pPolsur posn uaaq e^Pq seunlo^ lr#ej+

lead ,a8elenp, esnpf,eq pernllo spq srqf 'lueLudo;anap eql ̂q paleraua8 rrgetl

,to Surlelsrapun ue q8norq+'pe+pLurlserepun uaeq spq lredur slq+ leq+ a;qtssodsr il 'lnoqPpunor eql +p slueue^orrj lr#ej+ ur as€arf,ur u€ aq llrM ereq+ tPq+ sesr^pP

luaudo;enap srq+ ro+ podeX 1:edLul )t!+r.llaq1 qFnoql;y 'uorleurupxe-ar se;rnbar(anua^V sr0rel tro qpou pn[) laor+S urpw Sutssorr sueulsapad ,ro ,{lartes eq1

'xew OZ ul t o+ lle+ssorl ueulsapad ellt ual+pl,r o1 {eanenup }rxe eq} ,{+tpoW g't,: uo!lEPu0ru ruotsu

'p0lqesrp ropullq 'ller+ aqi ,{q pasn oq }ouuel pue deap ool rp+ sl slql 't ul , p lP+ssorl e SutneqonueAV sfura6 Suop qledlool eql ur sllnsal enua^V sfulal oluo Uallrxe ,{ennenup eql

'( r1a 'Surruerr uel.rlseped 'eFnlar ueulsapade Sursn 'e;dLuexa rol) araq^ as;e {;a,Les ssorl ueq} e^pq ol ue;d e do;ene6 7'L

:uollPPusurtuof,su'sluaua^ou Suturnl eq1 uanr8 'sno;a8uep aq

llu\ slql 'anuoAV s,{:ra1 ur sselfP {emanup oq} lp }uPrnPlser eql 01 ssorl o1 {;1 J;rmenua^v srfue11o eprs Lllnos aq+ uo looqls fuepuoras eql Luorjt uerplrql 1eq1 ,{1e1t1 sl 11

Page 108: Highway Safety Handbook

00t

'luaueAPd Iennanup eq1 o1I1r;rqrsrn uo sdap aq1;o pedLut eql )leqf

'z{;rsee alouu palerlo8au eq upl +t os,f1ua aql ueilpll '+noqppunor oql Luo;rr rell1ln+ fi1ua z{ennenpp eql elplolau ,'b

:uotlupuauuosau',{lartes .ro1 petrnbat st uot}plolel 1nq 'duer aq1 uedeap ;;rnn

{ennanup aql Sur4rqs lpq+ palenerdde sr 11 '(lpal:Un a.re sue;d eql) &}ue ,{ennanr.lpaq+ o1 Mer^ eq+ lco1q {Jyed llrM +uelnp+ser eq+ o1 dn sdap ueulsapad eq+ }pq}{lrpqrssod e oslp st eloql '+noqppunor eq} olut )leq suorssntradat enpq lltm stqf 'ulnl

aq1 Surlerlo8eu pue ,{emanup aq1 3ul1:aJas {1;nrrgtp e^eq lltm sre^up le3 'r{;daa1s

oo+ solueuuol pup lnoqepunol eq+ ol asoll oo+ st +oal+S utew #o fi1ua aq1 .

lutod ssa)fe ul-ual laarls ulew v

'elenbape urpuer ppou oul ,to +no saur; lq8rs lpq+ )laqf €.t:uotl?pueuluJoleu

')lPq +es aq o+ e^Pq llrM peou

oul ur eurl Surp;oq eq+ sueeu u8rsep s+t pup peou oul ol asoll ,ten sr {eananup aq1'('enua^V s{;le1 ur uetporu e SurlJelsur {q

'a;dLuexe ro+) +no sulnl-1q8u luenetd {lJerrs{q4 'saper8 lemenup eql ue}}pll Z.€:uotlEPusruuoteu

'I1r;rqrsrn )lolq plnom +noqepunor eql uror+ lreq panenb

srpl uellM {;;erradsa 'snola8uep eq plnom aseql '+no sutnl-1q8u luanard {1lerrsr{qdo18urq1ou sr ereqf 'ft ul D daals ften st 'enuonv s&:ag sleau lt ereq^ Ieananup aq1

lNVlUOdWt 'pesn

eq lou plnoqs lurod lrxa stq+ 'leu Suraq 1ou a)uelstp lq8rs io +ue^e oql ul'slueuelrnber aluplstp lq8rs pru1 pue )e) +up^alal pue spaads ll#pr] eq+ ssasspeu Vt

:uorl?Pueuuolou'(rer Surlrxe up qltm Surpr;;or llnrl e ,to )su lper p sl

eiaq+ 'e'r) paprnold aq o1 {Ja1r;un sl 'lllq aq} umop 's)rnr} ro} elup+srp lq8rs Surddolsle;nrped u1 'alenbapeut eq ol l;e1r; sr z{1r;rqrsrn 'spaads req8rq tV '(uot}plnllpl

'pPoU oul lerye pn[pesodord sr lennenpp aqt'p?ou oul ruo/l enue^vsrtrel urnop 8ur1oo1

Page 109: Highway Safety Handbook

)rpne llaJes peoi e Surlrnpuol

'sllr)s e+eudordde aq1 qlrm auoauos ,iq passesse

lr e^pq pue ue;d Surryeuuaur; pue suFrs e aprnord o1 lueuodord aq1 panbag 7'9:uotlPPueuuoleu

'ouop oq plnoqs srqf papr^ord senn ue;d SutryeLueurl pu'e su8rs o11

'Suunneoueu;o Sursrana; aq lllMsrer araqm ro luesard oq lllm sueupaped areqm spaads urpluol o1 sdals a\el'g

:uollPpuauuolau'elqersep

upql reisp+ 3uro3 srBc ur llnser {euu qrrqnn 'deap fuen orp o}rs uo s{ennanup lpre^es

sla]]eul lall]o g

tNrDun 'e8eluorrr ,{pedord srql 3uo1e qledloorL p }o uorsrnord ro luaruaned peor 1aar15urpw oql 1o Suruepr,rn oln+n+ a;qrssod eql uo elr^pp {1uoq1ne Iemq8rq )aes Z'g

:uollEpueuuoleu'1q1ed1oo1 ro )upr rxel 'do1s snq p ro+ uane) ppor aq1 ;o Suruaprm ern+n] Aue rcS

uorloo eql #o slnl srLlf 'uor+P^resej pPor eql ulqllM sr +aorls ulPW #o durPJ eqf

tNlDUn 's;eu8rs rrgetl Sursn

uoqleee+urellllo lor+uol ernln,r a;qrssod eql uo alrnpe r{1uoq1ne,{ennqSrq lees L'g:uollepu9ruruoreu

'os op ol e;qrssod eq lou llrm +r '+noqppunor p ,to peelsur s;eu8rs Sursn uorlrasrelur

aq1 aleledo ol (supu+sapad ro,r 'a;duuexa ro+) e+pp relpl p lp ra+ps peroprsuol sl]l +l

'uor+lesrelur eql 1e Sururnl-1 ,{q epeuu eq ,{;uo upr sluotrlenou 1xe pue ,{l1ueeuos esnpf,eq 'uorpun+ ol rapro ur lnoqepunor e serrnbar ;esodotd luprnplser eql

'quou oql olleerls urew pup uorlresralur enueAV s{re14ear15 urew aq+ 1o luaLua8eueu"r ern}n} oqlrort suorldo #o s+nl ;esodord slq+ +eqi areMp eppu eq plnoqs {1uoq1ne ,{ennqFrq aql

laojls ulew Jo lno^el ajnln, aq] uo suotlf tJlsau g

Page 110: Highway Safety Handbook

II

ZOL

'slsllr^l )o] vezeq Ate+esp sr lpq] e8puq peog e8uorool eq+ rapun qled perpqs eql uo lener8 asooJ sr eleql

lNVlUOdWl 'q+ed parells aql +o ale+rns urp+ureur pue rPdeu L'zruollppueuuof,eu

'uor+p+s Aenpet reurprpD eql rpau elppnsue)orq e sPq (+uelser] llorp] ol luarefpe; ppou eUnB Jto lsaM qled pareqs aq1

apts ]sa qlnos aq] uo sqted

'peou )erool aprsaq qleo eql ueplM t',

:uotl?pu9ru[rof,ou'umor8;eno sr pue Mor;pu ool sr ppor eq+ eprseq qled aql

lurod srql 1y 's;eu8rs ueulsepad +e ppor aql sessorl qled pereqs eql 'ppou

)proof +V

'eurlerluel eq+ ssorle1 elelol ro 'se8Bssau

;te1 deey eq+ LUoJ+ Mo;re +ueuened 1ta; aq+ e^ouau t'1,:uollePueuuof,eu

'1q8u aq1 uo sr qlrqM 'peou )proof o1 qled )ull eqt

asn plnoqs sueulsapedTslsr;rlc raqlaqM pue qled aq+ +o +ueuu8r;e lnoqe a8BssauSurpee;srLu e sanr8 More eql 'peo1

)elool +o q+nos lsnf 'punoqquoN 'sprom eq+enoqe Morrp pal8ue-1ta; p apnllur qled eql SuoJe spuaq 1e s8urlteLu 1ta1 daa; aq1

INVIUOdWI 'suor+elol pesodxe ur asoql {ppoLu ro

plerqs pup qled aq1 aprsaq slrpl pup slsod ;p ]o uotlplol pue u8rsap elll Mer^au Z't:uorlPPueuuoleu

'1sr;:,{r que.ua Aue ol Vezeq p ojp leq}qled aql rro eEpa eq+ +p slrpr +o spue pue slsod are araq+ suorlelol ,to requnu e lV .

lNVlUOdWt 'pPoU

)ProolLUor+ raqpnJ w OL-g lnoqe sqled oml aql ;o luauuu8rlpal pue uorlelolelJeprsuo) 'uorlrun[ eq] +o sueulsepadTslsr;r{r ul?M o+ su8rs 1o uorslno;dsp qlns 'sq1ed aq1 ,to uorpunf aq1 1e {1e,res Surnotdr"ur torr suorldo leptsuoJ ,'t

:uorluPueuuofeu'+lnlr#rp Aro^

ureql ueem+oq sluauenouJ se)pu sqled om1 asaq+ +o uorllauuol ;o a;3ue elnreeq1 'la8puq eql repun) qfou aql o1 qled utpu eLll pup ppo; )eroo1 r-uor,t qled

)ull aqt ueeMleq elue+srp lq8rs lood st ereql ppou )elool +o epts q+nos eq+ uO

apts ]sellquoN aLli uo sLlled

'peford eloqm eql

,o lrpnp eql ,to ped perrnbal {;;errlrads p spm satltloerr a;c{:rq aq1 Surlrpny 'pefold

uors;enuof, {emaarrt aq} +o e8els Suruado-erd eq+ +e a:e;d 1oo1 lrpne aqf 'sar+rlop}

aJc{rq ol suor+elr+rpotu pe^lo^ur spq plppup+s {enneat; lln+ ol ppor rofeuu eq1 UaAuoJo11:eford V ppor rofBuu e eprseq pado;enap uooq enpq sqled ueulsepadTaJr,{rrq perpqs

asef aql ol punorS)f,e8

,Qr;rrel oll^rrq e uo uodar ]rpne {1ayes peoX

Page 111: Highway Safety Handbook

lrpne ̂]ales peor e Surtf npuol

'oluPlsl p lt{tls peplrlsorqll/l^ 'el8uP alnl? uE lP sulol

peou lBrool urorl qlPd {u!l eql

'un orSla^o puP /v\orEusl sl?u8ls u?ulsePed ol qlsd eql

'su3rs lPUorperp

leuor+rppe aprno;d pue sLllpd poleqs aql Suolp Sutu8ts leuorllerp Mer^o1 L'E:uorlEpuauuofsu

'le^prl o1 pe1:adxe are slsr;r{r eraLlm {;pexe rpollun st lt apts }sam/q}nosoql uo suorlplol IueLu 1y

'q1ed pareqs aq1 3uo;e su8rs uorlra;rp +o )lpl p sr oraqf

IBJaue D

t_NVIUOdWt eprs qlea uo sqled oql ol +r )urt'ppou

)proof +o aprs q+nos eql uo eurl ,{enn;rer 3ql ssorle q1ed1ool e apl^old t'z:uorlPpuauuoJeu

'pPou )Proof

seqlpel qled pareqs aql ereqM eut; ,{em;ter aq} ssorle qledloort ou st araql

INVIUOdWI 'q+pd oq+ leas

'q1ed pareqs aLl+ LUor+ ;ener8 esoo; eq+ e^oueu Z'Z:uorl?pueuuoleu

a

(-

Page 112: Highway Safety Handbook

voL

o<^ .J,Y

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b'r 6'

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-- -oY:--Ppo o--Vr^^;-di H

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Page 113: Highway Safety Handbook

tlpne ̂]ales peor e 8ur]lnpuol

sNJ\o!Ol

+o3

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Page 114: Highway Safety Handbook

'IUALUAAeO

^ olleu pup lueuu8rl? rood qlrm esoql oslp e;p q8nor ,{Jte;ncqted an qlrqm suorpes .'erueplnF ranup ero+eraql pup 3ur>1teuu

-aurl ,Lo ssol snoaue+uplsur ur s+lnsol srql lq8ru lV 'paleasun

Uel seul4orlos seqtlpd .'lor+uol olllLlaA +o ssol ol o+nquluol ol

{1e1r1 lsoLu sr ssauq8nor ereqm senlnf uo ueryo 'q8nor elrnb Illensn >1lonn 3urqr1e6 .

ssauqSnor luaua^ed

'readdestp ol srloas ppol eql se:e1d auuos ut lq8ru 1y 'seo8 ppor eq+

e;eqm lnoqp sranr;p ro+ senl Me+ oof '1uaruu3;Je Sutsnrruo: pup aluplsrp lq8rs roo6 .'s+sarf, le11e Surpua sa8rauu aue; 3ur>lepan6r

'urpre+ 1e1,t {ran uo sa^rnl-S lp+uozuoH

'1xau seo8 ppo; eql araqm Jnoq? elupptn8 ou

Jsotrllp saprnord luaLuu8r;e srql lq8ru 1y 'slq8terls 8uo; uo serunl lplrpe^ +o saues'+serl p rerye lsnf Surpels se^Jnr le+uozr;oH

]uaLuuSrle peou

'lueurssasse relpl ro] paprolar eq plnoM suralqord eseql +o suotlelol eql 'uotlladsut eql3uun6 'Molaq pequlsap e;e seuo8alel oseql +o uorllalas e wd+ sLua;qord ;ecrdll auo5

a

a

a

a

s;a)rPtu a8pug

sro+laltor Jrerpren8 pue slsod aprng

uorleaurlap uorl)ee3+u Iseue; Surlepano puP seurl euel

saurlaBpl

seurlerlua)

uorlrpuor uFr5

syezeq se su8r5

slaplnolls o1 s;rto-dorp pue 'sa8pe ]uauenedo S+uaul)uequl

o SUe^lnJ

r sulPlp elqP-|

o llPrplPnDsllarqo aprspPoj ol asuPlPelf, lerelPl

Ll+plM replnol{s psou .

uor+rpuol replnoqs p?ou .

pJ'epuPls ur sa8ueq3 .

lueulPeJ+ puP uollelol uol+laslalul .

sseuqFnor +uauaAPd .

qlplM +uaLua^ed .

luau-ru8r;e peoy .

a

a

a

a

a

a a

a

a

a

su8rs o1 a:uelsrp 1q8r5 .

azrs UFIS .

su8rs ;o roqtunN .

se8BssaruFurlsodu8r5 .

:Mer^ar I1ales eql Suunp pe;eprsuol eraan seuo8ale:3urmo;;o1 eq1

'sanssr {1a;es 1ue:rlu8rs pup lplnlrilpd Sutneqsp por,tr+uapr arom Lllrq^ suor+plol cr,urads ,{ue 1e mo;;ort plnom ̂ arner {1a;es peor palte}epe +eql papuelur osle spm +l 'uorSer aql ur selr+le;d ecueuelurptu ro sarqrerd u8tsapo1 sa8ueqc perrnber qlrqM senssr ,{1e1es Suunfar aroM a;elll reqlaqm qstlqp}se ol semasodrnd sll '(t'g uoqles aes) ,^ ar^o1 r{1arte5 peoX >pom}eN, pporq p;o e;I1s ell} ur MatnerI1a;es peor ,teurur;a;d e uanr8 senn {emq8r14 p)il Surlsrxa +o uor+les papualxa uV

asef oq] o] punorS)tre8

{emq8rq lernr e Jo ,,rnorna.r {}a;es peo; 1rom}ou, peoJq V

Page 115: Highway Safety Handbook

t0LUpne ̂lales peoJ e Surtlnpuo]

'(llom sp ezrs uSrs o+ polpler) anrnl eql ol esoll oo+ suSts Sutu;enn arun3 .'s+serl regre 1snI paleco; su8r5 .

'su8rs reqlo ro uotlela8e^ aprsppor ,(q pern:sqo ,{;ped to parncsqo su8r5 .'se8reu eue; Sutlepano ;o Sututem alue^pe luallu;nsul .

'speads r{ennq8rq leurou +Pelue^pP ur re; ,{;1uar:r#ns peer oq lou p;nor suSrs uolllellp uolllas.lelul auos .

afuelsrp tqSts

'p)ezeqp ere ppor eql ol esoll su;elp deap papaloldul

'luauaned eq1 1o a8pa eq+ +o Lu L ulqllm sa;od taanod auo5 .'luauaned aql rLo e8pe eq+ +o Lu L ulqllm seer+ pa+elost puP seal] +o spuels .

slfafqo optspeor ol afueiealf lelalel

'luauaned q8nor pue Moll?upue 1uauu311e rood qlr,rn r{emq8rq }o suor+las uo lue}stxa-uou ueryo eJe sJeplnoLlg o

'ueeq e^pq p;nor {aq1 sE eptM se +ou llom Mau euos uo slsplnoqs .'suolllesrelul-f ol.uos }P qlplM laplnoqs lualll#nsul .

'srenup ro+ selnor aderse ou septnordpue slurod eseql le ramorpu st peor aqf 'spenlnr pue sa8pttq uo sleplnoqs oN .

lpace;dar Suraq lnoqltmseupl prlxa 0q+ ro+ dn ue)q sraplnoqs) suo4las pept^lpun auelv )o t uo sleplnoqs oN .

Lllp!/!\ raplnoqs peod

'suorllesrelur ol eluplstp lq8rs poqs ,{la1 .'peurlep {pood suotllasla+ul .

'paprnord lou seupl Sututnl lo peutJtep 1ou sqled ;ene.t1 .'saue1 Sururnl e1e;edas ]noqllm pup slsell laUP pelelol suot]lesJalul r

'seue1 Suturnla1e;edas lnoqlrm orunf, p +o elppLu aq+ ut pelelol 'souo toleuu Surpn;rut 'suoqras;a1u;

'1q8ru 1e r{;prradsa 'ees o} pleq aJeM suotpeslelulloutu {ue141

a

a

]uaurlear] pue uollefol uol]laslalul

Page 116: Highway Safety Handbook

'Surnr8torr lou elp

slsoo arue+ pue qrlrp aptspPoroq] 'uorllesjelur aql looqsre^o

s;e^up +l ppoi Sulpasraluraq+ uo requrPl eql ol enp uaas

aq +ouuPl uorllesjalur aqf

'Mar^ lo pler+ s,re^up eql

+o +no pue ezrs trjnujtutLu slu8rs ;otluor aq1 uotlloslelul

aq] ees louuPl arunl aqlalerlo8eu op oqm asoql duer

eql looqsre^o sa^lsstuaqluFr;e o1 1r Sursn sla^rJC

'a^rnl aq] +o )rPq aq] ]P lou slJe)iPLu uor^aql lsel aql ]ng .

' pueq orPqs eql o1 sro^rjp

}]elP sle)rPtu uor^eql eql .

'Suru8rs ,pippuels upql ral+eq,

salnber uorlrnpat paadsaia^es aq1 'paads u8rsap

s,pPor eql q+rM +uelstsuof ut slu8rs paads +rxe q/LU) gZ aLlI .

lrxe aq+ 3uo;e pearotd s;enupsV 'OL raldeq3 ur sa;dr:uud z{larteselll +o reqrunu p sltp} ppoj ptppuEls-{emaa.r; P }+o 1xa ,ulue}ut, stql

ssal lou 'uor1ua1le

ororrj paau suStsap ulualulluFl fio;e5

Page 117: Highway Safety Handbook

60t

satd!ru!,rd l+ates

..+::

Page 118: Highway Safety Handbook

Lt.tsaldrruud ^lales

'ra8uep asrspqdue ol +ueuruad araLlm NO;-LVWUOINI CllvldlU SICIAOEd .'(aluo +P

Lpnur ool lou) uor+Pluro+ur lue^olar +o lSVlllU CIIIOUINOf V SlClnoud .'(sro+rp+ {cue1:adxa; lor+uol )\}e)l )o u8rsap ppor ur SlSlEdUnS ON SlClnoud .

:+Pql 3uo sl +usuluoll^ue pPol alPS e elolajaqf

'uor+peurlep ,to )lPl e ;o sa8esseLu 3ut1:t;;uor 'suFls

peot ,{ueLu oo+ tuol} llnsel Upl peoliano 'uot}Ptrl;o+ut leltn Ssll"u ol slonllp asner ,{eu

1r se 'pepro^e aq plnoqs peopa^o re^LC peor P +o uotleeutlep aql uaqlSuarls o1 pasn aqplnoqs Sururem pue uo[erl;o]ur elue^pv 'utPrrs+ sP qlns sluterlsuol 3ul;renald all] q+lm

lualstsuol'a;qrssod sp uauo sP pasn eq plnoqs sreleutered u8rsap roj senle^ u.rnurrldg

'11ena1 aleudordde aq1 ol pelearl uaaq ,{peet;e e^eq qlrqM suollen}ls rellurs

reqlo 3ur>;seu {qa;eq1 ,'Ilartes elou ro+ }uau}Perl aroLl, Sutsl-1) }uaul+Por} e^lssslxl .'(uorlen+ts eql ro+ luauleerl 3uo;ru aq1 3uls1) lueurlPe.,/l aleudolddeu; "'(;ana; aleudordde ue ol uotlen+ls e 3ul1eal1 +oN) lueLu+Per1 alenbapeul .

:ale pepto^p aq o1 sEurql 'uottlsP+ rPltttlts ut peleall eq plnoLls suorlenlls rPllLlrls

'rnor^pqaq aleudorddeurJo +uele s,la^trp atll lAlDUOl .

pue 'suot+les ro slutod lltl+uol q8norql a8essBd s,ra^rrp eql IOEINO) .

re^lrp oq+ lClnD .'peaqe suolllpuol +o re^lrp aul wuolNl .

'sernlpe+ lensnun ro prppup+sqns {uB }o ra^trp aLlt NUVM .

:plnoqs ]uatrJUoJlAua pPol a+es v

'luauruornue ppo; e+ps p +o olupua+urptl pup luaudo;anap aq1 ur lueuodLUol lettltll P slpadse stqf 'lpsnolp

+o le^al urnLututLu p e^oqp pue ele; Surleur-uotstlep pue Sutssarotd

lnlsserls P Moleq ;;a,u Surlerado arB slslroloLrl ueqm slnlfo Surpu pue Sutntrp artespuP elqeuo+Lxo] slulel+suof et!l+ utqltnn 'lolruoul puP pe 'suolsllep a)P|.U 'uollPLrlo+ul

ssa:ord pue anta:rad lsnu slesn peol leqlo pue slsntlp '{1;eLulort aloul slql 3utpn6

'Lna;qord aq+,to elrnos aql pur,t o+ pesn oq plnolls (,L"'ereqm

uaqan 'r{qnn 'nnoq, 'alduexe lo}) suotlsanb uado;o salles P ',so^, s! leMsue 3q} +l

Ls\ezeq lo sellP+sqo ulPluol ll ssop .

auotst^ o] suot+lnrlsqo ro X1;rqrsrn alenbapeul aptnord +l seop .

,;ffi1:,jlJ;ffi il;:l: l, ::il .i,{lrn8rqLle e+Perl lt ssoP .

auolsn+uol esn'eJ +l SeoP .

as;esn ppor eql {q poolsrapunstru 3q uFtsep eLl} uel .

:3ur>Jse 'slesn +o speeu aql

uo snlo+ 'peue Suru8rsap uaqll 'Suuaaut8ua {1a,tes peor +o sllseq eql ol )lPq alueja+al

luelsuol lq panerq:e st ellrerd {1a1es lsaq 'ssarotd

lPLUro+ P sl llpne llarLes peol a;tq14

slosn peor roJ 3ulu8lsacl

Page 119: Highway Safety Handbook
Page 120: Highway Safety Handbook

€LLsoldI]urJd ilajes

'suo!l3ajlp

qloq uorl 8u;qreo.rdder!#Ell ql!/r^ P?ol aql lo

elpplur eq1 u; lqtner1eF pue ll#?rl eql ul

sde8 e;es pelos ol lrulsue;rlsepad rep;o Iue6y

'sua;qotd esner {eutr;ger1 {ervr-orq sP qlns

suollenl!s xa;duor'sue;rlseped raplo rol

'1#?rl ssorle uJnl puEq-1q3;r e Sugqeur sP qf,ns

ehnsoueu xe;duore 3u;1due11e s! re^rJP

raplo sql sP rnf,rouogo osl? {eq1 'speeds

q3;q pue rt#Prl rosaunlo^ qtgq 'eruels;p

1qt;s rood qlgmsuolpesrslul s? qlns'suorl?rol xe;duror 1e

Jnf,ro uello saqsPJtr'sre^rrp rePlo JoJ

'suorlenlrs xaJdurorqlrnn adoc o1 Ilrreder

oql elnPeI sall!llqPSursserold lelustu pue

,{.roureur paqslultu IP'uo!l!ppE ul 'srosn

peor reqlo 8u;pe1eppue sqrol 3u;aas 'su81s

Sugpeer fi;nr1g;p 1eal8ur llnssr u?3 slr?JelE)

;o eruasa,rd eql pue{1;n;1;suas lserluor seqrns suorlf,unl Pns!n

ul au!llep peleJer-e8y

.slasn ppor la8uno^ upq+ sulailpd qsetr +ueje#tp e+tnb e^eq sresn peor replo

'luanbetrt erour eLuolaq suotltpuot qllPeq puP eutllap selllllqP {ueuu'sasea;lul e8e sV

'uorlelndod eq+ ur Ipeple aLll +o uorpodord

eql ut aspelrut pepaford eql q+lm esPellut o1 palradxa elP salluenbal] qsell lleql

'qleap pue {.rn[ur snoues Surn;onur saqspr] ur pa]uaseldal-le^o ele slasn peol Jeplo

slssn peor laplo roj 3uru3rsa6

Page 121: Highway Safety Handbook

'{s?l SutssoJtr-peor eql {1;dru;suPf, sPer? ueplsepad-q8lq ut 8ug.raeul8uar;;;er1 peno.rdrul

'suorsrf,eP

alepdoldde e4eupue uorpesralur u?

;o erueserd eql llelepsre^up rep;o sd;eqsu8;s ;o uo;1g1edarpuP etruPualurPu'ezrs'lueuare;d alenbapy

'sresn pEoJ llErc1 llaps ssnorduJrpue 'sdu8 eles pelaso1 8u1nuq lo {sel eqlsalPululle seseqd urnl-1q3;r 1gn; q1;an s;uu8;s)u+ul lo uorsr^ord

'ura1s{s peor eql Sursn uaqnn arueuadxe slesn ppor replo lpqlsLua;qord eql ]o euos elprnallp upr leq+ selnlpe] uFrsap ppol +o laqunu p ere eleq_L

Page 122: Highway Safety Handbook

saldrruud ^]ales

'seluPlst! nllrf,oLuos ur reJres eq ,{er"u eur; )eueq 'Lo qfual e q+lM se^lnl lPllua^ ja+roqs 'e^lnl

lplrpan aq1 ,ro qf ual enrsselxa aql +o esnpleq palnper aq ,{;;enpe ,{euu sarlrunpoddoSurleyeno a;es elenbapp lenamoH 'seurl reulpq ;o 3urlreu,r eql sptone leql o^lnl

lelruan e ldope Ieu u8rsap p 'eluplsrp lq8rs ,aletpeulo+ur, ure+ureur o1 SutldLuape u1

'uollPnlls snole8uep earnpo.rd {eu pue arunr

leluozlroq aql lo uElseql lo /'AalA s,Je^llP

aql slrulssr erunl

ler!ua^ l!uuns v

'sorp ro slsorl q+r^ uor+eulquolur se^rnf, leluozuoq (snrper LUnLUTUTLU) 1q8t1 ptony 'e^lnl

leluozuoq eq+ ro Molrt eql

lseuu leLu +serl e 1eq1 alqrssod sr 1r '3urpt1 utplal puP s+ueuuFt;e 1o uotleutpro-ol

e anarqle o1 SurldLuaue ul 'riruenber; qsp;J eseallur ol spua+ osl'e aJnlP^lnf

lpluozuoq 1o ear8ap aq1 Sursearrul 'sdrp ur pue s+sell lp sospolfur {ruanbetl qset3

saN nf lef rua^ pue leluozt)oH

')iomlau ppor e+ps e ro; eltstnbarardfuBssarau e sr Iquerarq ppor elqrper) pue aleudordde ue :(s)alor aql lnoqe sa8essauuSurpr;;uoc enr8 1ou plnoqs quarulparl pup sresn s+t o+ reell eq plnoqs pPol P +o (s)eloraqg 'slodspelq iuepolp euoloq pup uorlerlsnr+ asnpl ;;ann {er-u slutod azeanbs qrns'speor rofeuu uo 'ranennog ',i1a,tes anordtut pue lt#pl+ Mols o+ speor routtrt uo alqeltnsaq {euu slurod ano;s ro suor+les MorpN 'Jo#rp sppor JouLu pue tofeLu ro,t suFtsap e;e5

]xaluof u3rsa6

'A+rArllP uor+lasralu Ipapadxa qlrm a;qrledruol aq plnoqs rgerl Suturnl rort paads u8rsap ell+ 'suotpesra+ul

lV 'pellorluoc ,{;ped ro ,{|;nrt sr ssallp ,{padord oraqM aleudoldde aq lllM spaads u8tsep

raqFrq 'sespl Jeqlo u; 'seper8 daap uo sluauuFt;e paads-q8tq Aten rc slq8re.rls 3uo;plrnq lou op 'a;dLuexa rol '1+o orem? ueL{l e)pu o} anut+uol plnoqs peor aql 'uterrs}

snourp+unour ur are sre^rjp +l 'urellel pue ,{lrnrpe eplspPol Sururolpe eqt ro] elerjdoldde

aq pup sanrlrafqo lraford qlrnn alqrledurol oq plnoqs paldope paads u8tsap aql

paads uBrsa6

Page 123: Highway Safety Handbook

'I1r;rqrsrn eprs ro prpmro+ pellLUll uo 3ur{;arIq speeds ef,npa; o1 lduepe +ou oC 'a8e1s uorlrnrlsuol .ro u8rsap aq1 1e rea;c 1da1{;;euorlualur eie {aq1 areqm ua^a 'sourl

lq8rs olur q)eoiluo {;qeuenur Surderspue;pup selua+ 'sFurp;rnq se 'sarunr

+o eprsur eq+ uo suoqlesrelur prone 'Ipe1ru.rr5 ',{1r;rqrsrn

eprs pup preruo+ llu+sar osoql se 'sa;8ue e+nle lp suor+leslelur pup suor+lun[-,.t plonV

'ser^noouPr.u +uenDssqns Jreq+lort uorlrsod porol aq+ o+ur ,{;e;es sranup eprn8 o1 su8rs pue Surryeueur; asp '8ur1eLu

uorsrJap Jo] elqrsr^ eq o+ peau ,(aq1 1er{ uepplq eq uPl selr^ep reqlo puP SurueuaurJ'senrnl pup slser: uo :sernlpe, lorluol o1 {1r;rqrsrn elenbape apr^ord 'Surderspue; toern+rurn,t 1aer1s {q suorllnr+sqo Surleetr prony 'su8rs do15 tort slupl;pn qlrm selu€}srp{1r;rqrsrn asn}uor l,uop :lr++pr1 Sur8raLua ro+ seluplsrp ,(1r;rqrsrn elenbape eprAord

{1r;rqrsrl .

's;eryptu Vezeq pue sluaue8uere puplsr xa;duor

qlrm s+suolou esn+uol o1 a;qrssod lllls sl +l ',{1uoud a;durs qlrm suor+las;alur urqlrM

'suqep +lellolllrm pup pepr#prl eq lou lpm seurlqre) re+no uo senrnf, +uer+ue-el :e;qrssod se lq8retlssp seurl ur enup ol pue+ spuolou lpq+ pup snrpp; lrxa aq+ upq+ ralq8rl oq plnoqssnrppr qlpordde eq1 leql requouar 'slnoqppunoi +V 'sluau+perl puplsr uoqlesre+ul

;o sad{l raLllo o+ luoroJ+rp )ool tnq 'slnoq'epunor elrl )ool s}noqppunor lpr.{+ lpr+uessesr ll 'solnr {1uoud +o les umo raq} qlrm lorluol uor}lere}ur +o turo+ p erp s+noqppunou

'Pueq ? sel"l{;;enpe ll uaqm

1q8;el1s senurluof,peor P lPql pa88nsuPf, searl lo seullsP qtrns sanl l?nsrn

'slsrjolor.u auos r{q palrlou lou arP sSurlleupue u8rs lorluol eql +pr.{i {;3uot1s os ppol oql +o uoqenurluol eq1 1sa33ns uer s8a;rouru aql uo sael+ +o saurl ro saurl elue] e)rl sanl lpnsrn 8uor1s Surlsrxe auos '1q8rer1s

sl {1uoud araqm uanl 'lueuello}urer lpnsrn leuoryppe arrnbar u?f, srq+ o+ suor}plr+rpotu

+ptll pue pepedxe {;;ensn sr {1uoud lq8rerls leql reqluaue1 's+suoloru Surqreotddeol snornqo pue e;durs eq plnolls uor+raslo+ur ue 1e luaua8uplle loi+uof pue 1no{e; aq1

+no/{Pl puP ̂luoud .

suorlfasrolul

Page 124: Highway Safety Handbook

ILLsaldrruud ^]ales

'{1e;es

8u;pege ul lerllpleq upl sr{lpl^ euP'l

'pa+dopp erp seupl MoJpu ueqM /to+lplsrlesun ere ̂aq+ +nq pasn arP souPl aplM ueqM,{ro1re;sr1es aq {eLl asaql 'Suruaprm pue suor}rsupr} erunl ro+ eprnord lou op sp;ppup+suSrsap ueqrn Su4srxa aql ')lprl o1 qlprm erlxa peeu selltqan ra8re; araq^ sarunl

leluozuoq uo luepodrur ,{;reJnrrped sl slql 'saue; ;euotlrppe elpell ol sppol ueqrn +o

soupl eq+ Surnnoreu ul rpl ool auo8 ualto seq lueuue8eueu lu+er+ +pq1 MetA p st eleql

SeUPI MoJ.lPfrl o

'l|JJPr+ eql +o rallerPql aql pue luJPrl +oeunlo^ oql ,iq pe+la#P sr z{lerres puP s+uoruola lPuollles ssorl ueeM+oq d;qsuorle;ar aq1

uorlfas ssorJ

'euo s!r{l s?qlns suorpesrelu!

Sugsn;uor plony

'sqra>1 Surprq ro opr^ 1no SutFutnns sellrqeA eseq+ ut +lnsei lltM paeds ano; e lP alltqeAu8rsap e ,to qled Sururnl oql ueql ralq8rl erp +pq+ rppr 'pupt1 raqlo eql ug 'sueulsapad

)olsryezeq esnpl pup spaeds enrssofxo Mollp npe; a8rel 'rrpel rourof aleudordde es1

'aurlerluel e uo Surlrean upq+ relps pup aluo lp suorltorp r.l+oq ul sde8 Sur8pnf ueql

)sel rarsea qf,nu e sr qlrqM 'alurl e lp uor]lellp euo [uo;] lr#p;l ssolf, o1 a;doad ltutad,{aq1 :saSnrtar lp;}uef, raprsuo) 'slurod Sursso.ro pr;o{c pue ueulsepad e}ps eptnord

'q1ed :r;rter1 Surr-uoruo aq+ olur sluatrja^our {Bnn-Suoran luenard ol '^ et^;o aur; pue qledqreordde aq1,to lq8u eql o+ sr asou puplsr aq+ leL{l llpq rp} ,{;1uatr;rtns (+noqppunor eo1 qreordde aql uo 'aJduexe ro+) puplsr repr;ds e Up+s le;nrrped ul serunl pueq-Uel uO

suolllesle+Ul +P senssl laLllQ o

Page 125: Highway Safety Handbook

I

'ol rersuPtl lll/vl3urryed aql eJaqm

;o seruenbesuor

fiales eq1 euluPxe'leerls

lPllueP!sar1e1nb e u; 8u;1redSugpylsa.r e.ro;eg

's+urod sself,e pue suot+leslalut +p {1r;lqrsrn )lolq +pLll suotpnrlsqo pup supu}sepedaplq +pq+ suor+lnllsqo 'sjoop Suruedo Luor+ (sall^lrq Surpn;our) selltqo^ Surssedol sprpzpq 'sq1ed eJlqen luarefpe o+ut sol3lqe^ l]egap +pql suot]Jnl+sqo ,sluepnlp

ltpl-o+-esou pue Surlelq uoppns esnet +pq+ suotllnllsqo 'padrmsaprs lo olut unl ale lpqlsuoqlrulsqo ;errslqd su :s,{enn lplonas ur{1a;es paye Ae,v'e?pu;el oq} uo paryed selltqen

salf tLla^ pa)ted

't(866t) 'alpuugl 'seqsprl )eMe+ yoog ol dn aneq upf, ssotre pellulsal q+rMse+nol :ppoj +elll ,to ,{1a1es Lural-8uo; eq+ uo peduur rc[ew e o^pq up] peu e aptseqsrnlf,o luar-udo;enap sp lol+uol ssef,f,p ,to uorlepetSop lpluoulellur eL.lI ',{neeq a;esl olJr lr#pl+ aioqM {;te;nrrped 'slulod ptl}uol ueam+oq )u!q} o} eutl paeu slsuolow'slPerq uprpeu q+tM anll st eulps aql 'pjepup+s unultutru eql of pelnper aq +ouplnoqs s)ee;q ;o Surreds elll 'slueue^ou lt#pl+ lelol tuor+ rr;rtet1 qFnotql aleledesol peprnord uoaq enpq sppol allnles aloqg 'seqsprl pup +ltlluol to; ;equalod aq1sr eraq+ 'pue;

luarefpp ol ssolop e^pq salltqaA ereqM uelsr{s ppol eql uo lurod Lllpe +V

lolluof, ssaffv

'slrurad areds ateqnn a;qerelard sl qtplm Lr Z e +nq '(3ulq1ou upq+ ralps ate {aq1)

w Z'L se ̂ olleu sp suptpau esn upf sueulsapad 'seole upqln ul 'eptm ru O L upq+.ra1ee.l8suprpeu ur eSeluenpe ,{lertes elpl; st eleq+ 'q+plM lalear8 e alrnbar }ou op salltqenSursso;r ro Sururnl aloqg 'pepto^e eq plnoqs aptm LU € ueq+ ssal suptpeu 'spalp

lp;ni ul

sq+plM u?rpe!! o

'sauPl lr#Prloq+ +o ree;r pauado eq ol sloop s,elf,tqan &euor1e1s e to; q8noue aptm eq plnoqs ll'sollrqen u^ op-ue)orq lo+ alqpltp^e areds ,i;uo aq1 st replnoqs paned aq1 ,sz{enneatrt ug'suor+reslalur ro seupl 3ur>lepano 'se8puq 'spanlnl

lp slaplnoqs a+putrutle lo sqlptMelnper ol lou +seq sr 11 'spaads anrsselxe o1 Surpeel Uo+tuol +o asues eslp+ e uane pupSurlepeno ;e8a;;r a8ernorua {euu sal+eur e ueL} telealS q)nLu sqlptm paned lenerrnog'peor eql rto qf ual aql lnoq8norL{} slaplnoqs aprnn Surprno;d ul 1r;euaq ,{lertes e sr elaql

8il

sqlplm replnoLl$ o

Page 126: Highway Safety Handbook

sald|]Uild ̂ta]es

's+srll^l rosuelllseped )oJ vezeq P elPerl ro srosn peor Suqlrl+uol uea^ +eq l ar^ aql +lnrlsqo louop '('lle 'su3rs reqlo 'sleuSrs) salr^ap roq+o ]o I1r;rqrsrn pnrlsqo lou op spoddns rreqlro su8rs +pq+ ernsul 'sare;d olqpraulnl raqlo pue serunf, +o eprs+no eqt uo spoddns uSrs

lralord ro pro^V 'Ienna8Bu;Bc aq1 ,to a8pa eql Luorrr ,{enne sarnlrnrls poddns u8rs daa;

vezeq e lou ajp suoddns s+r ro uSrs eLll ]eli] ernsul o

'pepeeu sr uorlerr;o+ur eql ereqm +r elplol e;durs 1rdaa; '8ulryeueurl e)rl selr^ep req+o +o sa8essau eql qllm aJqrledr,uo: a;B sa8Bssauu u8rsernsul 'elr^pp padxa )aos

'asr^ Jaq+O 'suorlpn+rs prppupls ro, uosoql aq plnoqs pup llr)sslql qllm peu8rsap uaaq oneq saurleprn8 pup sprppuels ur su8r5 ';;t>;s pedxa ue sr u8rse^rpe#a ue u8rsap pue e8esseuu aleudordde pup enrlle#e ue esooql o1 {1r1rqe aq1

suorlrpuol llPrepun sresn lle ol eSesseu rpall p s{anuor uSts aLl} JPr..l} aJnsul e

auorlpn+rs srql ro+ popoou euo s; '{qra

)se 'slsrxe u8rs prepuels ou +l

'seur;eprn8 Jo sprppuels eq+ ur sesn eleudordde pueslupr;p^ oq+ ))aq)

'poeu aq] eurure+ep ol ]ueussesse Suueaur8ue lt;Jerl punos p esn

uSrs eql ro+ peeu P elerlsuoLUee o

:u8rs rgerl e Sursn ero+eg 'Lua;qord panra:rad Jo lper p e^loso11duua11e ue ur uFrsap aleudordde +o pee+sur suFrs rr;rrer1 esn o+ 3ur1due1 ua4o sr ll

suSrS

'sernlea, eprspPor sseqlalerrerddereu8rsep eq1dleq,{er-u sqderSoloqd'uor}erado ur pue+llnq sl peor aql aurlaql ̂q ellplsqo eprspeo; e aruoraq ;Jann ,{eru a8els u8rsap aql }p aar} llptus V

'seorl

eprsppor Sugttti saprqon lsure8e uorlralord paprno.rd ro qlprm euoz Jpell elenbape uepaqsrlqelsa aneq sue;d eql lpql oJns eq louuel 'ero+ereql lau8rsap eq1 'erueser peor eqlulqllm sear+ +o ezrs pu? uorlelol asr:erd eql uo lueor+ep uaryo sr uorleurolur Ienrn5

saarl

'Vezer4 e alperl +les1 lou plnoqs Suoua,r aq1 '3ur4red Sur8ernorsrp ur e^r+leJJe,{ran eq uer Surcue,r upu+seped 'elqplre^e aq sr{e,rn;e +ou llrm +uauarro+ua :suoqelolsnoprpzpq ur 8urryed a+pur.urla o1 su8rs lorluol 8ur>ped uo ,(;ar +,uo6

'suorlelol oseq+ur sellrqa^ 3ur8;aLua panenb r(ue pue sellrqen Suru;n1 'sallrqal pa>;red ]o uorlopreluleql )reqf

'saprqon Sururnl ol Vezeq p eq upl speor lpueup {snq o1 asoll s+eer}s eprsur 3ur1le6 'ueJd u8rsap eLl] ,to s+rLUrl eql puo{aq ;;ann Sur4red +o eluenl+ur eq+ )leqf'olrs eq+ 1o ,{1e,res pue uorlerado eql eluenl+ur uef (e+rs eql uor+ aruP}srp aLuos ua^a)3ur4ed 'slueuleerl uorpasralur o)rl sauoqls luauuenorduur po+elosr qlr6 'seuel luJpr+ ul3urryed a+plolar/o^ouar ro prone {;;eapr plnoqs su8rsaq 'seqserl +eerp plol ,to uoq;odordraqFrq p pue saqsprl ppor lpueup ueqrn +o o/ooL Inoqe ur penlonUr e;p sellrqe^ pe)Jed

Page 127: Highway Safety Handbook

'966D uepSo +otf-8 sre+deq) pue (V66) uepSo +o / reldpq) ut puno, eq uPl s+ueuala uSrsap peotsnoreunu q+r^ alueuadxa ,{lartes pue ectperd uFrsap poo8 uo uor}eullo+ut laqunJ

SANSSIraLllo

'{ressarau ,{;;ensn st sro)rpul lueuuened entllelrtel pestel se qlns uo4eeutlapfueluauuapddns '+ueulperl uo[]asralul pe;pp e q8norql Surlernep +o +ua]xa pa]tutl ot.llol ue^e 'e^rnl saurl araqM 'urct Aq palra#p st SutpeLuaurl pue salelns peol +o ,i+tltqtstn

'pesn eq plnoLls uorleaurlop pue Surlq8r; learls +o prPpuels q8rq e 'peol

eLi+ MorPU Ol spuelsr ere ajaq+ ro pesn elP seuPl LllplM urnullUl[u ajaqM 'suol]lpuol

1q8rl rood +o saurl +p pu'e eutl lq8tu +p +lnlt#tp eroul sotuelstp sp llam sP sqlptm +ouorldarad raq+ se)'eu oslp pup +lnrl#lp su8ts uo sre11a; Surpeo; se)pu qclqan '1q8tsa,{a

rarood aneq {;;eraua8 eldoad rep;gr 'Sura8e st uotle;ndod Surnup eql leq+ requreuau

]qBtN

'uorlena;aredns eql ol onp 'la^er+ +o uotllalp qlee Jo+ ]uaie#tp eq

upJ sanrnl leluozr;oq uo lcedut ,to sa;8ue aql +pq1 upeu seop 1r 'slq8rutls uo Lua;qo.rdp aleerr lou seop srql q8noqllv 'lplruan eq ol pellera ,{J;ensn de eoueq a+alluo3

sralJeq alalfuo]

'1le#e srql ro, elesuaduuor ,{;ped o1 pasperlut eq ol peeu Ier-u s;;e,tssot3'seper8 unnop daals uo serunf leluozuoq punole pelnper sr uorle^eleledns anrpaga aql

uorle^olarodns Jo ssol

'suorpasrolur {snq o1 saqceotdde uo pareptsuol eqo+ peau ,{Br-u 'anenb aq+ +o Uels eq1 1e lurod lor}uo3 eql ol uPLl} req+PJ 'anenb e ;o puaeql ol eluplslp tqSls lallpnl 'a)ll aq+ pup s;eurpq elerluol 'salue+ plen8 'suetpau pastel'saar1 {q po}ra#p oq osp uel elup+srp lq8rs lanamog 'u8tsep peor Suunp peutulexa{Jeso;r ,{;;ereue8 sl uor}les ssorl aql pup sorunl pltfen pue lpluozuol1 +o llaJle eqt

af uelsrp lqSts

'saue; SurlepenoSuru8rsap uoqM osle padse srql reprsuol 'anrnl aql eletlo8eu o+ Uel eql ol +ueue^or!e gllivr parel I;alerpeuur eq ueLll pue a8rauu o1 1q3u eql ol Jee^ o+ eu€l pueq-++el aqluo opqe^ eql elro+ Iaql sarunc pueq-Uel +o Uels aq1 o1 roud pnf paptone aq plnoqsse8reryll 'ar^neoueu SurSraiu oql ro+ pepales aq o1 de8 aLll Moll? o1 1q31s l?nlnut1o qfual e aplnord o1 luepodLur sr +r 'uor+rppe uJ 'a8rau rraql ue;d pue e1e;rerdde o1s;e^llp Mollp ol eare Sur8raLu Aue So e)uenpp u1 pe:rnba; st eluplstp lq8ts alenbapy

saBraW

Page 128: Highway Safety Handbook

'sallrqaA Surqreordde eq+ llp aas ,{pee;o upl re^upaq+ qlrqM u.ro.r1 uorlrsod e ur allrqen Surlrean aq1 are;d plnoqs sule:8erp uot+taslalul

'1;nser r{eu s+uopDlp a18ue-1q8ry'luauu8rle uorllesrelur pup ppo4o suor+purquof, or.uos lapun 'alllqen Surano;;o;e Surprq ellrqe^ Sururnl-ge1 p ur +lnsel upl slueuele oml asaql Sururquol lng

'sluepllrp lrpl-o]-asou +o )srl aq1 Suonpar

Mols ol sallrqa^ sMollP auPl uorlPielelep v

'pPor aprs eql Luor+ aluPlsrplq8ts Jeluozuoq poo8 saprnord erunl lpluozuoq ? jo eprslno eql uo uor+leeeJur uV

ialduexe rol 'suelqord ,{larres01 aurqruof ue: ,{1a;es aluPque {1;enprnrpur qlrqM slueuala uSrsap seur+euos

rrgerl q8noll+ +o rpell umop

sluauala uSrsap Jo uorlJeralul aql

Page 129: Highway Safety Handbook

reqJPe^l lureM Suunp qrPaq PrPeu slnlSo erunl P +o aptsul

aql uo 3urryed pue lt#p.ll

'etrjr] la^o ssaueAtlle#araql esol sleualeu u8r5

.JALULUNS UI

r?l P uPqJ ta11e1 ul,rotSsPq Jelurm ur aleudordde

sr qlrqm Surderspuel .

'os aq ra8uol ou{er-u 1;rnq lsr+ spm }t ueqMalPs peloplsuol sPM lPqM .

'aBueqr suoseespue z{1rnr1:e }o sle^el 'suollelradxa

JeAup 'seunlo^ lt#Pl} sP '3t!t+

qlnn a8ueq: uer {1a4es }o sla^al

Aiojes ]raJla uef aLUtIlulrl fie;e5

Page 130: Highway Safety Handbook

EELsaldDUUd ^]ares

'Og-Lg dd'qpe6'oruora+uo3 BUUV qlgL rord a1 paaN aMoC ,{qM pup }t st +pqM - lrpny {1a,te5 peod G66D Al

'NOIUVB CNV Md

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Page 131: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 132: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 133: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 134: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 135: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 136: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 137: Highway Safety Handbook

Checkl ist2 - Prel iminary design stage audit

2,5 Special road users2.1 Ceneral tooics

1

2

3

46

5

Changes since previous audit

Drainage

Climatic condit ions

Landscaping

Services

Access to propertyand developments

Adjacent developments

8 Emergency vehicles and access

9 Future widening and/orrealignments

10 Staging of the scheme

11 Staging of the works

12 Maintenance

2.2 Design issues (general)

'1 Design standards

2 Typical cross sections

3 The effect of cross sectionalvariation

4 Roadway layout

5 Shoulders and edge treatment

6 Effect of departures fromstandards or guidel ines

2.3 Al ignment detai ls

1 Ceometry of horizontaland vertical alignment

2 Visibi l i ty; s ight distance

3 New/existing road inter{ace

4 'Readabi l i ty ' of the al ignmentby drivers

2.4 lntersect ions

1 Visibi l i ty to and visibi l i ty atintersections

2 Layout,Including theappropriateness of type

3 Readability by drivers

Adjacent land

Pedestrians

Cyclists

Motorcyclists

Equestrians and stock

Freight

Publ ic transport

Road maintenance vehicles

1

2

3

4

o

8

2.5 Signs and l ight ing'1 Lighting

2 Signs

3 Marking and delineation

2.7 Trafl ic management

1 Traffic flow and accessrestrictlons

2 Overtaking and merges

3 Rest areas and stopping zones

4 Construction and operation

2.8 Addi t ional quest ionsto be considered fordevelopment proposals

1 Horizontal al ignment

2 Vertical alignment

3 Parking provision

4 Servicing facilities

5 Signs and markings

5 Landscaping

7 Traffic management

8 Other

2.9 Any other matters

Page 138: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 139: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 140: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 142: Highway Safety Handbook

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Page 143: Highway Safety Handbook