Upload
doreen-kelley
View
212
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Higher Biology
Effects of Chemicals and Light on Growth in Plants
2
Effects of chemicals and light on plants
By the end of this lesson you should be able to:
Know the symptoms of deficiency of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium in plants.
Describe the effect of light on shoot growth and development.
Understand what is meant by phototropismand etiolation.
Describe the effect of light on flowering inlong day and short day plants.
3
Introduction
Elements play an important role in the growth and development of organisms.
If an element is missing then this can lead to nutrient deficiency.
In addition to carbon, oxygen and hydrogen for photosynthesis plants also need other elements.
How do plants take up these minerals? Through the root hairs in the soil-
(remember?)
4
Macro-elements in plants
Macro-elements are required by plants in small but significant quantities for normal growth to occur.
Four of these elements are: Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Magnesium (Mg)
5
Macro-elements in plants
Element Function Deficiency
Growth reduced, leaf bases red
Role in transport of molecules
across membranes
Nitrogen
Required for chlorophyll formation
Magnesium
Potassium
Phosphorus
Growth reduced, death of older leaves
Chlorotic leaves, leaf base red
Amino acids, proteins & nucleic acids formation
ATP & nucleic acid formation
Growth reduced, chlorotic leaves
6
Macro-elements in plants
Water culture experiments
Complete your “Macro-element Deficiency” Sheet from your diagram pack.
7
Effect of Light on Shoot Growth1. Read page 273 of Torrance and then
answer the following questions:2. Name the term used to describe a plant
which has grown in the dark.3. Describe the appearance of such a
plant in terms of:a) Colourb) Size of leavesc) Internodesd) Stem
4. Briefly describe the role of light in phototropism.
8
Effect of Light on Flowering
Many plants stop producing leaves and instead start to produce flowers at certain times of the year.
This occurs in response to changing periods of light and darkness.
Photoperiodism is a response (e.g. flowering) to changing daylength.
9
Long day plants Also called short night plants. Usually flower in spring. Only flower when the numbers of hours
of light is more than a critical level. Critical length of light varies from
species to species. Normally 11-13 hours of light E.g. spinach only flowers when there is
more than 13 hours light.
10
Short day plants Also called long night plants. Usually flower in autumn or winter Only flower when the numbers of hours
of light is less than a critical level. Critical length of light varies from
species to species. Can be less than 12 hours of light. E.g. strawberry only flowers when there
is less than 10 hours light. (i.e. must have at least 14 hours of darkness).
11
Practice Questions
Torrance1. TYK page 270 Q1, p277 Q1-3
12
Effects of chemicals and light on plants
Can you do it?
Know the symptoms of deficiency of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium in plants.
Describe the effect of light on shoot growth and development.
Understand what is meant by phototropismand etiolation.
Describe the effect of light on flowering inlong day and short day plants.