HEMISPHERE

If you divide the world into halves. Each one is a hemisphere. “Hemi” means half..

NORTERN HEMISPHERE

SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

LATITUDE

Equator

Latitude lines

Lines of latitude run from west to east like this little guy. But they MEASURE north of the

equator and south of the equator.

30° north

60° north

30° south

60° south

LONGITUDERuns from

north to south.

Remember “long hair”.

But it MEA-

SURES how far east or

west of the Prime

Meridian a place is.

Longitude lines

PRIME MERIDIAN

east

west

ISTHMUS

A narrow strip of land that

connects two larger land masses. It

looks like a land bridge.

land with water on

three sides

peninsula

ARTIFACT

A human made object- often found or dug

up by scientists. It

leads to ideas about the

people who made it.

a person who moves from place to place searching for

food

nomad

AGRICULTURE

Planting seeds to grow

crops and helping the plants grow.

Having more than what is

needed

surplus

the watering of crops

irrigation

people having similar

customs, income, and background

social class

Those who lead and make laws to keep order in a

community.

GOVERNMENT

ARTISANS

belief i

n

many

gods

polytheism

a belief in one God

mon

othe

ism

scent

Locate the Fertile

Crescent, Mesopotamia, the Tigris River

and the Euphrates

River

Fertile Crescent

THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION

Code of lawA set of written rules for

everyone to obey

Hammurabi’s Code of Law

Hebrews:Ten Commandments-given to Moses

12 Tables of Roman Law

EMPIRE: a group of lands and different

peoples under one ruler

EMPERORA ruler of many lands and many different cultures

ALEXANDER THE GREAT

a payment made by a less powerful state or

nation to a more powerful one

trib

ute

TAXA payment expected to be paid by citizens to help pay for government

services

the title of king in ancient

Egypt

pharao

h

a body that has been dried to prevent decay

mummy

DECAYDecomposition or rotting

away of matter

JUDAISMReligion of the Jews who were once

called Israelites or Hebrews

a public market and

meeting place in ancient Greece

agora

a high city part of Athens

acropolis

government in which citizens make political

decisions

democracy

CITIZEN

A person who is loyal to a

government and in return he or she is protected by that

government. Some governments allow citizens to take part in ruling by voting.

What do Mount Olympus in Greece and the Olympics games have in common?

This guy!Zeus was the leader of

the Greek gods who were supposed to have

lived on Mt Olympus. The Olympics began as a festival to honor Zeus.

MYTHSStories told about beliefs about

the world. The characters include gods and goddesses

a long poem, such as the Iliad that tells

a story

epic

Whoa) Took over Greece

b) Conquered lands from Greece to India?

ALEXANDER THE GREAT

ROMULUS AND REMUS

Legendary twins who fought over the first settlement of

Rome. Romulus killed Remus and became the first ruler.

a government in which the people elect their leaders

republic

to murder for political reasons

assassinate

Julius: War hero who tried to be dictator for life in

Rome. He was assassinated by some

Roman senators

Augustus: Nephew of Julius. First true emperor of Rome.

Famous for the Pax Romana ( Roman Peace)

THE MOST FAMOUS CAESARS

Christianity: founded by

Jesus Christ who was

crucified-put to death and

was resurrected

Crucifixion: a form of execution

Resurrection: come back to

life

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

Architecture is the art of building

Aquaduct: carried water to townsColosseum: like a

stadium where Romans went to be

entertained. Gladiators, mock

ship battles, Christians martyred

MOSAIC: (Roman) piece of art made of little tiles or

stone

FALL OF ROME

When the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire was

removed by invaders (476 BC)

Fall of Rome

Middle Ages: the time between

Rome and the Renaissance

Renaissance

The Frankish king Charlemagne was a devout Catholic and maintained a

close relationship with the pope throughout his life.

CHARLEMAGNE: CHARLES THE GREATFrankish emperor with the biggest empire since the

Roman Empire

a system of power in Europe in the

Middle Ages

feudalism

a large estate, often

including a village and farmlands,

ruled by a lord

manor

FIEF

A plot of land given to a vassal

by a lord (landowner) in

return for service in the lords court

or army

fief

SERF

A peasant that was “bound to the soil” or couldn’t leave the manor land. He or she could be sold right with the

land like they were a piece of property!

the noble character

that knights were

supposed to have

chivalry

MONASTERY

Where Christian monks lived a quiet prayerful life. Also where reading and writing survived the Middle Ages.

Monks copied the Bible by hand.

GUILD:A group of

people in the same

occupation (job) who watch out

for their members and work to make

sure the members get employment

and fair treatment

Symbol for the Glazer’s

Guild (glassmaker)