Handbook - FibeAir IP-20G Advanced Training Course T8.0 ver1.pdf

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Ceragon Course Handbook

www.ceragon.com July 2015

COURSE HANDBOOKCommissioning | Installation | System Configuration

FibeAir IP-20G Training Course

Updated for T8.0

Visit our Customer Training Portal at training.ceragon.com or contact us at [email protected]

Trainee Name: _________________

Copyright 2012 Ceragon Networks Ltd. cts.ceragon.com



Version 3

Introduction to Radio Systems

October 2014

Proprietary and Confidential

Agenda

2

Radio Relay Principles

Parameters affecting propagations:

Dispersion

Humidity/gas absorption

Multipath/ducting

Atmospheric conditions (refraction)

Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)

Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)

Rain attenuation

Modulation

Page 5




Digital Transmission Systems

3


RF Signal

Path Terrain

f1

f1

Radio Relay Principles

A Radio Link requires two end stations

A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required

Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz

4

Page 6




High and Low frequency station

Local site

High station

Remote site

Low station

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1)

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1)=11000 MHz Tx(f1)=11000 MHz

Low station means: Tx(f1) < Rx(f1)

Full duplex

5


Standard frequency plan patterns

Frequency reuse:

2,4V

1,3V1,3H 1,3H 1,3H

Reduced risk for overshoot

Frequency shift:

1,3V1,3H 2,4H

Reduced risk for overshoot

Only Low stations can interfere High stations

1,3H

Tx in upper part of band

Tx in lower part of band

1,3VLow High Low High

6

Tx Tx Tx

TxTxTx

TxTx

TxTx

Tx

Tx

Page 7




Preferred site location structure

7


RF Tx Filter Branching

Network(*) Feeder

Z' B' C' D' A'

Feeder

DBranching

Network(*)

C BRF Rx Filter

A

Receiver

E

Demodulator

Z

Modulator

E'

RECEIVER PATH

TRANSMITTER PATH

Transmitter Digital

Line interface

Digital

Line interface Output

signal

Input

signal

Radio Principal Block Diagram

8

Page 8




RF Principals

RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves(EMW) propagated through space

EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)

The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows -

Wave Length

Microwave refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically

relates to frequencies above 1GHz:

300 MHz ~ 1 meter

10 GHz ~ 3 cm

9

f

c

where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic

waves in vacuum (3x108 m/s)


RF Principals We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitude

using this animation

10

Page 9




Radio Spectrum

11

Parameters Affecting Propagation

12

Page 10




Parameters Affecting Propagation

Dispersion

Humidity/gas absorption

Multipath/ducting

Atmospheric conditions (refraction)

Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)

Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)

Rain attenuation

13


Parameters Affecting Propagation Dispersion Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded

because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths)

have different propagation velocities within the physical medium:

Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more

14

Page 11




Parameters Affecting Propagation Atmospheric Refraction

Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical

characteristics of the atmospheres is called Dielectric Constant .

The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature &

humidity in the atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease

with altitude

Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the

wave will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend

downwards, following the curve of earth

15

No Atmosphere

With Atmosphere


Wave in atmosphere

16

Page 12




Parameters Affecting Propagation Multipath

Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiverwith different amplitude or phase

Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies

17

Direct beam

Delayed beam


Parameters Affecting Propagation Duct

Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with

vertical refractive index gradients causing radio signals:

Remain within the duct

Follow the curvature of the Earth

Experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not

present

18

Duct Layer

Terrain

Duct Layer

Page 13




Parameters Affecting Propagation - Polarization and

Rain

Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimeters

mean diameter (above that they tend to break up)

Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical.

As a raindrop increases in

size, its shape becomes more

oblate, with its largest

cross-section facing the

oncoming airflow.

19

Large rain drops become

Increasingly flattened on the

Bottom;

very large ones are shaped

like parachutes


Parameters Affecting Propagation Rain Fading

Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice

Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz

Signal quality degrades

Represented by dB/km parameter which is related the rain

density which represented mm/hr

Rain drops falls as flattened droplet

V better than H (more immune to rain fading)

20

Page 14




Parameters Affecting Propagation Rain Fading

21

Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.

Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation


Parameters Affecting Propagation Fresnel Zone

22

Terrain

Duct Layer0

1st

2nd

3rd

TX RX

1. EMW propagate in beams

2. Some beams widen therefore, their path is longer

3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirect

beam

4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created

Page 15




Parameters Affecting Propagation Fresnel Zone

Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees out

of phasein the 2nd zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phasein 3rd zone,

they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on

Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive.

When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are kept

free of obstructions.

In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnel

zone should be kept free.

23


Example: First condition

24

Page 16




RF Link Basic Components Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)

25


RSSI Curve for RFU-C

1,9V

1,6V

1,3V

-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm

26

Page 17




Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)

Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is not

normally possible due to poor front to back ra tio.

High performance antennas (HP)

Used for high and low capac ity links where only one polarization is used. Re-using

frequencies is possible. Can not be used with co-channel systems.

High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)

Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using

frequencies is possible. Can be used for co-channel systems.

Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)

Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using

frequencies is possible with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems.

Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)

Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using

frequencies in many directions is possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.

Main Parabolic Antenna Types

27


Passive Repeaters

Planereflector

Back-to-backantennas

28

Page 18




Link Calculation Basic Example (in vacuum)

Lfs

TSL Ga Lfsl Ga Lw

Lb

Lf

RSL

RSL=TSL+Ga‐Lfsl+Ga

‐Lw

‐Lb

‐Lf

RSL ‐ Received Signal Level

TSL Transmitted Signal Level

Lfsl ‐ Free‐space loss = 92.45 + 20 log x(distance in km x frequency in GHz)

Lf ‐ Filter loss

Lb ‐ Branching loss

Lw ‐ Waveguide loss

Ga Antenna gain

29


Atmospheric attenuation

][ dBd A aa

Starts to contribute to the total attenuation above approximately 15GHz

Parameters in a:

Frequency

Temperature

Air pressure

Water vapour

30

Page 19




Objective examples

Typical objectives used in real systems

99.999% Month: 25.9 sec

Year: 5 min 12 sec

99.995 % Month: 2 min 10 sec

Year: 26 min

99.99% Month: 260 sec

Year: 51 min

Performance requirements generally higher than Availability.

ITU use worst month for Performance Average year for Availability

31

Modulation

32

Page 20




Modulation

Modulation

Analog

Modulation

Digital

Modulation

AM - Amplitude modulation ASK Amplitude Shift Keying

FM - Frequency modulation FSK Frequency Shift Keying

PM Phase modulation PSK Phase Shift Keying

QAM Quadrature Amplitude modulation

33


Modem

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

1 0 1 1 0 11 0

Modem

1 111 10 0 0

0111 0 11

F1F2F1 F1F2F1 F1

Modem1 1 1 1 10 0 0

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

1800 phase shift

ASK modulation changes the amplitude to the analog

signale.1 and 0 have different amplitude.

FSK modulation is a method of represent the two

binary states 1 and 0 with differentspcific frequencies.

PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmittedsignal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800 .

Digital modulation

34

Page 21




QAM Modulation

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation(PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)

The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the numberof modulation states used.

In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7)alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight uniquemodulation states

In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on

4QAM 2bits/symbol 256QAM 8bits/symbol




64QAM 6bits/symbol128QAM 7bits/symbol

35


Why QAM and not ASK or PSK for higher modulation? This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent points

in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly

The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors are

reduced

Higher modulation >> more bits per symbol

Constellation points are closer >>TX is more susceptible to noise

36

Page 22




Constellation diagram

In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may be

selected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane.

Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of

interference and distortion in a signal.

37


8 QAM Modulation ExampleWe have stream: 001-010-100-011-101-000-011-110

Bit sequence Amplitude Phase (degrees)

000 1 None

001 2 None

010 1 pi/2 (90°)

011 2 pi/2 (90°)

100 1 pi (180°)

101 2 pi (180°)

110 1 3pi/2 (270°)

111 2 3pi/2 (270°)

How does constellation diagram look?

DIGITAL QAM (8QAM)

38

Page 23




4QAM VS. 16QAM

4QAM 16QAM

39


2048 QAM

40

Page 24




2-PSK

4-PSK

8-PSK

16-QAM

64-QAM

Bandwidth

DecreasesModulation

Complixity

Increases

Bandwidth vs. Modulation

41


P o w e r

Noise

Signal

S/N

P o w e r

Noise

S/N

Signal

P o w e r

Noise

S/N

Signal

P o w e r

Noise

S/N

Signal

Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator

Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors

BER=10-3BER=10-6BER<10-13BER≈0

Signal / Noise

42

Page 25




10 -3

10 -4

10 -5

10 -6

10 -7

10-8

-75 -72 -69 -66Receiver input level [dBm]

BER change ratio vs. Noise is

dependent on Noise Power distribution

and coding

BER Impact on Transmission Quality

BER�

43


RSL Vs. Threshold

Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)

S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)

BER>10-6RSL (dBm)

-20

-30 Nominal Input Level

-99

-96 Receiver amplifies thermal noise

-73 Threshold level BER=10-6

Fading Margin

K Boltzmann constant

T Temperature in Kelvin

B Bandwidth

Time (s)

BER>10-6

44

Page 26



Thank you

45

Page 27



Page 28



Version 3

Introduction to Ethernet

November 2014


Agenda

2

Local Area Network (LAN)

Network Devices

OSI Layers

Ethernet Frame

VLAN concept

Page 29




The Local Area Network (LAN)

3


Network Devices

The various devices used to build a data communication network can be classified into type of

equipment depending on how Ethernet packets are forwarded.

HUB

BRIDGE / SWITCH

ROUTER

4

Page 30




Functions of OSI layers

5

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

OSI model layers

Type of communication: e-mail, file transfer, web browsing

Encryption, data conversion: ASCII to EBCDIC, BCD to binary et.

Starts, stops sessions. Maintains order

Routes data to different LANs and WANs based on network addresses

Transmits packets from node to node based on station address

Electrical signals and cabling (physical medium)

Ensure delivery of entire file or message


Protocols in OSI layers

6

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

OSI model layers

HTTP, FTP, IRC, SSH, DNS, SNMP

SSL, SFTP, IMAP, SSH, Jpeg, GIF, TIFF, MPEG, MIDI, mp3

VARIOUS APIS, SOCKETS

IP, IP Sec, ICMP, IGMP

Ethernet, Token Ring, SLIP, PPP, FDDI

Coax, Fiber, Wireless

TCP, UDP, ECN, SCTP, DCCP

Page 31




Ethernet frame

7


OSI and TCP/IP model

8

Physical

Data Link

Layer 2,5

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Physical

Data Link

Layer 2,5

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Network

Interface

Layer 2,5

Internet

ApplicationSession Protocol

Presentation Protocol

Application Protocol

P SFD MAC MPLS IPv4/6 TC P/ UDP DATA FC SS‐VLAN

DATA

MAC MPLS IPv4/6 TCP/UDP DATA FCSS‐VLAN C-VLAN

MP LS I P v4 /6 T CP /U DP D AT A

IP v4/ 6 TC P/ UD P D ATA

T CP /U DP D AT A

TCP/IP modelOSI model

layers

OSI model

layers

E

L

E

L

7 1 12 4 4 4 2 20/40 20/8 4

46-1500P Preamble TCP Transmission control protocolSFD Start frame Delimiter UDP User datagram protocol

MAC = Destination + Source MAC Address FCS Frame check sequenceEL Ether Length/Type

VLAN Virtual local area networkMPLS Multiprotocol Label SwitchingIP Internet protocol

C-VLAN

Size in bytes:

Transport

Page 32




L2

9


L3

10

Page 33




L4

11

UDP Header

TCP Header


Inter-frame gap

Ethernet works in Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 2,5

12

Page 34



TCP Protocol

13


Transmission Control Protocol

14

A TCP packet walks into a bar and

says, Id like a beer.

The bartender replies, You want a

beer?

The TCP packet replies, Yes, Id

like a beer.

Page 35




Transmission Control Protocol

15


TCP- Segment format

16

Page 36




TCP- Control field

17


TCP- Connection establishment using three-way handshake

18

Connectionopened

PassiveopenActive

open

SY N

U AP R S F

seq: 8000

S Y N + AC K UA P R S F

seq : 15000

ac k : 8001

r w nd: 5000

ACK

U AP R S F

seq: 8000a ck : 15001

r w nd : 10000

Means no data !

seq: 8001 if piggybacking

Page 37




TCP- Numbering System

19

The bytes of data transferred in each connection are numbered.Numbering starts with an arbitrarily generated number.

The value in the sequence number field of a segment defines the

number assigned to the first data byte contained in that segment.

The value of the acknowledgment field in a segment defines the

number of the next byte expected to be received.


TCP- Data Transfer

20

Sendrequest

Receive

Receive

Sendrequest

Sendrequest

U AP R S F

seq: 90 0 1

Da t a by t es: 90 0 1-10 0 0 0

U AP R S F

seq: 80 0 1

Da t a by t es: 80 0 1-90 0 0

a ck : 150 0 1

a ck : 150 0 1

U AP R S F

seq: 10 0 0 0 a ck : 17 0 0 1

UA P R S F

seq : 15001

ac k : 10001

Da ta

b y tes: 15001-1 7000

r w nd :10 0 0 0

Connection Termination

Page 38




TCP- Connection termination using three-way handshake

21


TCP- Congestion Control:Slow start, exponential increase

22

cwnd

1

cwnd

2

RTT

cwnd

4

RTT

cwnd

8

RTT

Page 39




TCP- Congestion Control:Congestion avoidance, additive increase

23


TCP- Congestion example

24

Page 40




TCP- Calculating maximum throughput of one TCP stream

25

* Example:

TCP ideal window size = 1*109*30*10-3 /8 = 3.75MBytes

TCP window size [Bytes] = Bandwidth [bps] * RTD [Sec] /8

VLAN concept

Page 41




Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept

27

Imagine that you have a network and three different customer

Customer 1

Customer 2

Customer 3

NETWORK


Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) concept

28

The most common protocol used today in configuring virtual LANs is IEEE 802.1Q

VLANs are created to provide the segmentation services traditionally provided by routers

in LAN configurations

Page 42




OSI and TCP/IP model

Physical

Data Link

Layer 2,5

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Physical

Data Link

Layer 2,5

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Network

Interface

Layer 2,5

Internet

ApplicationSession Protocol

Presentation Protocol

Application Protocol

P SFD MAC MPLS IPv4/6 TC P/ UDP DATA FC SS‐VLAN

DATA

MAC MPLS IPv4/6 TCP/U DP D ATA FCSS‐VLAN C-VLAN

MP LS I P v4 /6 T CP /U DP D AT A

IP v4/ 6 TC P/ UD P D ATA

T CP /U DP D AT A

TCP/IP modelOSI model

layers

OSI model

layers

E

L

E

L

7 1 12 4 4 4 2 20/40 20/8 4

46-1500P Preamble TCP Transmission control protocol

SFD Start frame Delimiter UDP User datagram protocolMAC = Destination + Source MAC Address FCS Frame check sequence

EL Ether Length/Type

VLAN Virtual local area networkMPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

IP Internet protocol

C-VLAN

Size in bytes:

Transport

29


Ethernet frame

30

Page 43




Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes

Length / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)

Preamble + SFD DA SA Length / Type DATA + PAD FCS

6 Bytes 6 Bytes8 Bytes 2 Bytes 46 - 1500 Bytes4 Bytes

(32-bit

CRC)

FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver

Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes

Untagged Ethernet Frame

31


Additional information is inserted

Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes

Tagged Ethernet Frame

4 Bytes

TPID = Tag protocol ID

TCI = Tag Control Information

CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator


3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit

TCI

CFI

VLAN TAG

P‐TAG VLAN ID

TPID = 0x8100

32

Page 44




VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is 4096:

212 = 4096

VID 0 = reserved

VID 4090-4096 = reserved (dedicated for IP-10s internal purposes such as MNG etc.)

VID 1 = default

After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated

CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over

ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)

Tagging a Frame

33


TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type

34

TPID in tagged frames in always set to

0x8100

It is important that you understand the

meaning and usage of this parameter

Protocol type Value

Tagged Frame 0x8100

ARP 0x0806

Q ‐in‐Q (CISCO) 0x8100

Q ‐in‐Q (other vendors) 0x88A8

Q ‐in‐Q (other vendors) 0x9100

Q ‐in‐Q (other vendors) 0x9200

RARP 0x8035

IP 0x0800

IPv6 0x86DD

PPPoE 0x8863/0x8864

MPLS 0x8847/0x8848

IS‐IS 0x8000

LACP 0x8809

802.1x 0x888E

Page 45




Additional VLAN (S-VLAN) is inserted

Frame size increases to 1526 Bytes

Q-in-Q

4 Bytes


3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit

CFI

S ‐ VLAN

TPID = 0x88A8

P‐TAG VLAN ID

TCI

CFI P‐TAGVLAN ID

TCITPID = 0x8100

C ‐ VLAN

4 Bytes

3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit

35

Thank you

36

Page 46



Version 4

IP-20G Overview

July 2015


Agenda

2

FibeAir IP-20 Product Family

Network topology with IP-20G

IP-20G Introduction and Highlights

IP-20G Front Panel Description

IP-20G Block Diagram

Page 47




FibeAir IP-20 Product Family

3

IP-20Platform

IP-20LH

IP-20A= IP20N + RFU-A

Available only for US & NA market

IP-20N 1RU & 2RU

IP-20G

IP-20S

IP-20C

IP-20E

IP-20GX


IP-10CIP-10EIP-10G

Ethernet + Optional TDM

IP-10Q

Ethernet Only

Compact

All-OutdoorTerminal /

Single-Carrier

Nodal

Terminal /

Single-Carrier

NodalAggregation

FibeAir IP-10 Product Line - 2011

Optimized for Full GE

Multi-Carrier pipesUltra-high density

Optimized Solution for Any Network

4

Page 48




IP-10CIP-10EIP-10G

Optimized for Full GE

Multi-Carrier pipesUltra-high density

Ethernet + Optional TDM

IP-10Q

Optimized Solution for Any Network

Ethernet Only

FibeAir IP-X0 Product Line - 2012 (Introducing IP-20G)

Compact

All-OutdoorTerminal /

Single-CarrierTerminal /

Single-Carrier

Aggregation

IP-20G

5


IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐20G

Network Topology Example (Tree)

6

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

1+1

2+0

1+1

IP‐10G

C

C

IP‐20G

C

C

1+0

1+02+0IP‐10G

C

C

1+0

C

2+0

C

C

1+0

IP‐20N

C

Page 49




IP-20G Introduction

7

IP-20G hardware characteristics:

6 x 1 GE interfaces total

2 x dual mode GE elec trical or cascading interfaces (RJ-45)

2 x GE electrical interfaces (RJ-45)

2x GE optical interfaces (SFP)

Optional: 16 x E1 interfaces

Single or dual radio interfaces (TNC)

Single or dual power-feeds (-48v)

Sync in/out interface

Management interfaces

Terminal RS232 (RJ-45)

2x FE electrical interfaces (RJ-45)

External alarms interface

RFU-C/Ce, RFU-HP (1Rx or 2Rx), RFU-Ae/Aep support

IEEE-1588 TC

IP-20G maintains high capacity, with up to 1024QAM modulation in its first SW release (T7.7),and up to 2048QAM from SW release T8.0


IP-20G Highlights

8

Optimized tail/edge solution supporting seamless integration of radio (L1)

and end-to-end Carrier Ethernet transport/services (L2) functionality

Rich packet processing feature set for support of engineered end-to-end

Carrier Ethernet services with strict SLA

Integrated support for multi-operator and converged backhaul business

models, such as wholesale services and RAN-sharing

Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency

High precision, flexible packet synchronization solution combining SyncE

and 1588v2

Best-in-class integrated TDM migration solution

Specifically built to support resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links,scaling to GE capacity

Future-proof with maximal investment protection

Supports RFU-Ce for modulations up to 2048QAM.

Page 50



Reference Configurations

9


IP-20G Dual Modem Activation

10

A single-carrier IP-20G unit with dual-modem hardware can be converted via

software upgrade to a dual-modem unit

Page 51




IP-20G IDU Cascading with Dual Modems

11

A dual-modem IP-20G in an East-West configuration, with a cascading link to a pair

of IP-20G units

A cascading connection between these two units enables hybrid Ethernet/TDM traffic

to pass among all three units


IP-20G Chained Network

12

Page 52




IP-20G Ring with Spur

13

A ring consisting of three IP-20G nodes connected via 1+0 radio links, with a spur to

a fourth IP-20G node

All of the IP-20G units in the ring utilize dual-modem configurations, except for the

node at the bottom in the figure


IP-20G Aggregation/POP Site

14

Page 53



IP-20G Front Panel Description

15


FibeAir IP-20G Front panel description

16

Terminal(RJ45)

ExternalAlarms(DB9)

16 x E1/DS1s(optional)

MDR69 connector

Sync in/out(RJ45)

2 x GEElectrical(RJ45)

2 x GEOptical(SFP)

1 or 2 RFUinterfaces

(TNC)

Power -48V DC

(Single-feed &

Dual-feed options)

2 x FEManagement via

splitter cable(RJ45)

Purpose-built for tail/edge nodal sites

Same features/capabilities as IP-20N/A Aggregation Nodes

1RU

2 x Dual-Mode:GE Electrical orCascading

(RJ45)

Passive cooling

(Fan-less design)

Page 54




SM- Card

17

The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SM-

Card is embedded in the SM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card

Cover is necessary to ensure that the units software and configuration is

maintained.

Contains only software with configuration


Ethernet Management Interface IP-20G

18

FibeAir IP-20G contains two FE management interfaces, which connect to a single RJ-45 physical

connector on the front panel (MGMT).

If the user only needs to use a single management interface, a standard Cat5 RJ-45 cable (straight or

cross) can be connected to the MGMT interface.

To access both management interfaces, a special 2 x FE splitter cable can be ordered from Ceragon.

Port Status LED The LED for management interface 1 is located on the upper left of the MGMT

interface. The LED for management interface 2 is located on the upper right of the MGMT interface.

Page 55




E1/DS1 - Interface

19

Optionally, FibeAir IP-20G can be ordered with an MDR69 connector in which 16

E1/DS1 interfaces are available (ports 1 through 16).

In SW 7.7. is E1 option only available

In SW 7.9. also DS1 option available

The E1/DS1 interface has the following LEDs

ACT LED Indicates whether the TDM card is working properly (Green) or if there is

an error or a problem with the card s functionality (Red).

E1/DS1 LED Indicates whether the interfaces are enabled with no alarms (Green),

with alarms (Red), or no interfaces enabled (Off).


Radio Interfaces

20

In 7.7 is supported only single radio carrier.

In 7.7.5 is supported 2x 1+0 East / West Terminal

In 7.9 is supported 2+0 XPIC

In 7.7 is supported only RFU-C (up to 256QAM) and RFU-Ce (up to 1024

QAM)

In 7.9 RFU-HP, 1500HP, RFU-A supported

In 8.0 release is supported 2+0 ABC

The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (100 m/300 ft),

Belden 9914/RG-8 (300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector

(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the IDU.

RFU-C / RFU-Ce RFU-HP / 1500HP RFU-A

Page 56




Radio Interfaces - LEDs

21

ACT Indicates whether the interface is working properly (Green) or if there isan error or a problem with the interfaces functionality (Red), as follows:

Off The radio is disabled.

Green The radio is active and operating normally.

Blinking Green The radio is operating normally and is in standby mode.

Red There is a hardware failure.

Blinking Red Troubleshooting mode.

LINK Indicates the status of the radio link, as follows:

Green The radio link is operational.

Red There is an LOF or Excessive BER alarm on the radio.

Blinking Green An IF loopback is activated, and the result is OK.

Blinking Red An IF loopback is activated, and the result is Failed.

RFU Indicates the status of the RFU, as follows:

Green The RFU is functioning normally.

Yellow A minor RFU alarm or a warning is present, or the RFU is in TXmute mode, or, in a protected configuration, the RFU is in standby mode.

Red A cable is disconnected, or a major or critical RFU alarm is present. Blinking Green An RF loopback has been activated, and the result is OK.

Blinking Red An RF loopback has been activated, and the result isFailed.


Power Interfaces

22

FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or two power

interfaces (the second power interface is optional for power redundancy).

The IP-20G monitors the power supply for under-voltage and includes reverse

polarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and negative (-) inputs are mixed up, the

system remains shut down.

The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under voltage

alarm is triggered if the power goes below the allowed range, and an over voltage

alarm is triggered if the power goes above the allowed range.

There is an ACT LED for each power interface.

The LED is Green when the voltage being fed to the power interface is within range,

and Red if the voltage is not within range or if a power cable is not connected.

Page 57




Synchronization Interface

23

FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 synchronization interface for T3 clock input and T4 clock output.

The interface is labeled SYNC.

The synchronization interface contains two LEDs, one on the upper left of the interface and one

on the upper right of the interface, as follows:

T3 Status LED Located on the upper left of the interface. Indicates the status of T3 input clock,

as follows:

Off There is no T3 input clock, or the input is illegal.

Green There is legal T3 input clock.

T4 Status LED Located on the upper right of the interface. Indicates the status of T4 output

clock, as follows:

Off T4 output clock is not available.

Green T4 output clock is available.

Blinking Green The clock unit is in a holdover state.


External Alarms

24

IP-20G includes a DB9 dry contact external alarms interface. The external alarms

interface supports five input alarms and a single output alarm.

The input alarms are configurable according to:

1 Intermediate

2 Critical

3 Major

4 Minor

5 Warning

The output alarm is configured according to predefined categories.

Page 58




Terminal Interface

25

FibeAir IP-20G includes an RJ-45 terminal interface (RS-232). A local craft

terminal can be connected to the terminal interface for local CLI

management of the unit.

Bits per Second 115,200

Data Bits 8

Parity None

Stop Bits 1

Flow Control - None


IP-20G Block Diagram

26

Page 59




Unique Feature Set

27

Extended Modulations Range ACM

4‐

2048QAM

(11 ACM points)

Frequency bands 6‐42GHz

Wide range of channels10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60MHz (FCC)

7, 14, 28, 40, 56MHz (ETSI)

System Configurations

1+0

2x 1+0 EW

1+1 HSB

2+0 XPIC

2+0 ABC

Traffic ManagerTraffic Aware Smart Pipe

Multi Service, Carrier Ethernet 2.0 Switch

Radio Connection RFU‐C, RFU‐Ce, 1500HP, RFU‐HP, RFU‐A

Thank You

28

Page 60



IP-20G

December 2014

Radio Frequency Units

V1

1


Agenda

2

Radio Frequency units for IP20

RFU Selection Guide

RFU-C

1500HP / RFU HP

Split Mount Configuration and Branching

New Outdoor Circulator Block OCB

Split Mount Configurations

Page 61




Radio Frequency units

3

Standard Power

FibeAir RFU-C

High Power

FibeAir 1500HP SD

FibeAir RFU-HP

The following RFUs can be installed in a split-mount configuration:

FibeAir RFU-C (6 42 GHz)

FibeAir 1500HP (6 11 GHz)

RFU-HP (6 8 GHz)

The following RFUs can be installed in an all-indoor configuration:

FibeAir 1500HP/RFU-HP (6 11 GHz)

The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (up to 100 m/300 ft),Belden 9914/RG-8 (up to 300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the RMC in the IP-20N chassis.


Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm)

6-8 GHz

7-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth

Low Loss Chaining

QPSK-2048QAM

Standard Power (Max 24 dbm)

6-42 GHz


QPSK-2048QAM

Very Compact

FibeAir ® Radio Frequency Units

4

FibeAir RFU-C

FibeAir RFU-HP - 1RX

HighPower (Max 33 dbm)

6-11 GHz


QPSK-2048QAM

Low Loss Chaining

Dual RX with IFC (Single Rx available for 11GHz)

FibeAir 1500-HP/SD

Page 62




RFU Selection Guide

5

Character 1500HP

(6 11 GHz)

RFU‐HP

(6‐8 GHz)

RFU‐C

(6 42 GHz)

RFU‐Ce

(6 42 GHz)

Installation Type

Split Mount √ √ √ √

All‐Indoor √ √

Configuration

1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √ √

N+0 ( N>2) √ √

SD support √ (IFC, BBS) BBS √ (BBS) √ (BBS)

Power Saving Mode Adjustable Power

Consumption √ √

Modulation

QPSK to 256 QAM √ √ √ √

512 to 2048 QAM √ √ √

1500HP 1RX for 11GHz supports channel bandwidth 10-30 MHz

RFU-HP does not support 56 MHz channels at 11 GHz

IFC at 40MHz is supported only for the 11GHz frequency band

RFU C

6

Page 63




RFU C 6-42GHz

7

Standard RFU C

Support up to 256 QAM modulation

Premium RFU-Ce

Support up to 1024 QAM modulation

RMC-B is required for radio link with IP-20N

Main Features of RFU-C:

Frequency range Operates in the frequency range 6 42 GHz

More power in a smaller package - Up to 26 dBm for extended distance, enhancedavailability, use of smaller antennas

Configurable Modulation QPSK 1024 QAM

Configurable Channel Bandwidth 7 MHz 56MHz

Compact, lightweight form factor - Reduces installation and warehousing costs

Supported configurations:

1+0 direct and remote mount



2+2 remote mount

4+0 remote mount

Efficient and easy


Example of RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations

8

1+1 direct

Page 64




Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation for 2+0 Configuration

9

Switch to the circular adaptor

(removing the

existing rectangular transition,

swapping the O-ring, and

replacing on the circular

transition).


OMT Installation Example

10

Note: RFUs are at sub 11GHz band

Page 65



1500HP / RFU HP

11


Main Features of 1500HP/RFU-HP Frequency range:

1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz

1500HP 1RX: 11GHz

RFU-HP 1RX: 6-8GHz

Frequency source Synthesizer

Installation type Split mount remote mount, all indoor (No direct mount)

Diversity Optional innovative IF Combining Space Diversity for improved system gain (for 1500HP), as

well as BBS Space Diversity (all models)

High transmit power Up to 33dBm in all indoor and split mount installations

Configurable Modulation QPSK 1024 QAM

Configurable Channel Bandwidth

1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz

1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz

1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide): 24-40 MHz

RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 7-56 MHz

System Configurations Non-Protected (1+0), Protected (1+1), Space Diversity, 2+0/2+2 XPIC, N+0, N+1

XPIC and CCDP Built-in XPIC (Cross Polarization Interference Canceller) and Co-Channel Dual Polarization

(CCDP) feature for double transmission capacity, and more bandwidth efficiency Power Saving Mode option - Enables the microwave system to automatically detect when link conditions allow it

to use less power (for RFU-HP)

Tx Range (Manual/ATPC) Up to 20 dB dynamic range

ATPC (Automatic Tx Power Control)

RF Channel Selection Via EMS/NMS

NEBS Level 3 NEBS compliance

12

Page 66




1500 HP 2RX in 1+0 SD Configuration

13


1500 HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration

14

Page 67




RFU-HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration

15


HP Comparison Table

16

Feature 1500HP 2RX 1500HP 1RX RFU‐HP Notes

Frequency Bands Support 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8GHz

Channel Spacing Support Up to 30 MHzUp to 30 MHz

11 GHz version for

40 MHzUp to 56 MHz

Split‐Mount √ √ √ All are compatible with OCBs

from both generations

All‐Indoor √ √ √ All are compatible with ICBs

Space Diversity BBS and IFC BBS BBS IFC ‐ IF Combining

BBS ‐ Base Band Switching

Frequency Diversity √ √ √

1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √

N+1 √ √ √

N+0 ( N>2) √ √ √

High

Power √ √ √

Remote Mount Antenna √ √ √

Power Saving Mode ‐‐ ‐‐ √Power consumption changes

with TX power

1500 HP (11 GHz ) 40 MHz bandwidth does not support IF Combining. For this frequency, space diversity is only available via BBS.

Page 68



Split Mount Configuration and Branching


Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network

18

Outdoor Circulator Block OCB The Tx and the Rx path

circulate together to the main OCB port. When chaining

multiple OCBs, each Tx signal is chained to the OCB Rx

signal and so on (uses S-bend section). For more details,

refer to 1500HP/RFU-HP OCBs

Indoor Circulator Block ICB All the Tx signals are

chained together to one Tx port (at the ICC) and all the Rx

signals are chained together to one Rx port (at the ICC). The

ICC circulates all the Tx and the Rx signals to one antenna

port.

Page 69



Proprietary and Confidential19

Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network

All- Indoor Vertical Branching Split-Mount Branching and All Indoor Compact

New OCB

20

Page 70




New OCB Outdoor Circulator Block

The OCB has the following main purposes:

1. Hosts the circulators and the attached filters.

2. Chain and accumulate radio signal ( multiple carriers )

3. Routes the RF through the filters and circulators.

4. Allows RFU connection to the Main and Diversity antennas.


New OCB Components

22

RF Filters - are used for specific frequency channels and Tx/Rx separation. The filters are attached to the OCB,

and each RFU contains one Rx and one Tx filter. In a Space Diversity using IF combining configuration, each RFU

contains two Rx filters (which combine the IF signals) and one Tx filter. The filters can be replaced without

removing the OCB. The RF filter is installed with every configuration.

DCB - Diversity Circulator Block An external block which is added in Space Diversity configurations. DCB is

connected to the diversity port and chains two OCBs.

Coupler Kit is used for 1+1 Hot Standby configurations. (loss 1.6 /6dB)

Symmetrical Coupler Kit is used for: (loss of 3/3 dB) When chaining adjacent channels (only 28/30 MHz) 1+1

Hot Standby configurations with a symmetrical loss of 3dB in each direction Note: CPLRs loss tolerance is ±0.7

dB

U Bend The U Bend connects the chained DCB (Diversity Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.

S Bend The S Bend connects the chained OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.

Pole Mount Kit The Pole Mount Kit is used to fasten up to f ive OCBs and the RFUs to the pole. The kit enables

fast and easy installation.

Page 71




1+1 and 2+2 HSB Configuration

23


N+0/N+1 Configuration

24

Page 72




2+0 XPIC

25


Split mount applications

26

Page 73




Split mount applications 4+0

S-Bend

27


Split mount applications 4+0 SD

S-Bend

U-Bend

DCB DCB

28

Page 74



Thank You

Page 75



Version 2

IP-20G Installation Guide

July 2015


Agenda

2

Electromagnetic Fields, ESD and Laser Protection

General Requirements for Packing and Transportation and

Environment

IP-20G Rack Installation

Rack Installation

Grounding the IP-20G

Replacing SM-Card

Power Cable

Mechanical Specifications

Earth Bonding of Equipment

IP-20G to RFU-C connection Antenna Installation

RFU-C Installation

Page 77




High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields!

3

Exposure to strong high frequency electromagnetic fields may cause

thermal damage to personnel. The eye (cornea and lens) is easily exposed. Any unnecessary exposure is undesirable and should be avoided.

In radio-relay communication installations, ordinary setup for normaloperation, the general RF radiation level will be well below the safety limit.

In the antennas and directly in front of them the RF intensity normally willexceed the danger level, within limited portions of space.

Dangerous radiation may be found in the neighborhood of open waveguideflanges or horns where the power is radiated into space.

To avoid dangerous radiation the following precautions must be taken:

During work within and close to the front of the antenna; make sure thattransmitters will remain turned off.

Before opening coaxial - or waveguide connectors carrying RF power,turn off transmitters.

Consider any incidentally open RF connector as carrying power, untilotherwise proved. Do not look into coaxial connectors at closer than

reading distance (1 foot). Do not look into an open waveguide unlessyou are absolutely sure that the power is turned off.


ESD & LASER

4

ESD

This equipment contains components which are sensitive to "ESD" (Electro

Static Discharge). Therefore, ESD protection measures must be observed

when touching the IDU.

Anyone responsible for the installation or maintenance of the FibeAir IDU

must use an ESD Wrist Strap.

Additional precautions include personnel grounding, grounding of work

bench, grounding of tools and instruments as well as transport and storage

in special antistatic bags and boxes.

LASER

Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than

those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

The optical interface must only be serviced by qualified personnel, who areaware of the hazards involved to repair laser products.

Page 78



General Requirements


Transportation & Inspection

6

The equipment cases are prepared for

shipment by air, truck, railway and sea,

suitable for handling by forklift trucks and

slings. The cargo must be kept dry during

transport and storage.

It is recommended that the equipment be

transported to the installation site in its

original packing case.

If intermediate storage is required, the

packed equipment must be stored in a dry

and cool environment, and out of direct

sunlight, in accordance with ETS 300 019-

1-1, Class 1.2.

Check the packing lists and verify that the

correct equipment part numbers and

quantities are in the delivered packages.

Page 79




Packing & Transportation

7

The equipment is packed at the factory, and sealed moisture-absorbing bags

are inserted.

The equipment is prepared for public transportation. The cargo must be kept dry

during transportation.

Keep items in their original boxes till they reach their final destination.

If intermediate storage is required, the packed equipment must be stored in dry

and cool conditions and out of direct sunlight

When unpacking

Check the packing lists, and ensure that the

correct part numbers and quantities of

components arrived.


General Requirements

8

1. Environmental specification for IDU: -5C (23F) to +55C (131F)

2. Environmental specification for RFU: -33C (-27F) to +55C (131F) high reliability

3. -45C (-49F) to +60C (140F) with limited margins

4. Cold startup requires at least -5C (23F)

5. Humidity: 5%RH to 95%RH for IP-20G

6. Humidity: 5%RH to 100%RH for RFU-C

7. IDU standard Input is -48VDC (-40 to -60VDC)

8. This equipment is designed to permit connection between the earthed conductor of

the DC supply circuit and the Earthing conductor at the equipment.

9. The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded supply system

10. The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same premises as the equipment

11. A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit between the DC supply

source and the frame/grounded circuit connection.

8

Page 80



IP-20G Rack Installation


Installing the IP-20G IDU

10

Kits required to perform the installation:

IP-20G chassis 1x

19 rack/ sub rack 1x

SM-Card Cover 1x

Tools:

Philips screwdriver

Flat screwdriver

Page 81




Rack Installation

11

Insert and hold the IP-20G IDU in the rack, as shown in the following

figures. Use four screws (not supplied with the installation kit) to fasten the

IDU to the rack.


Grounding the IP-20G

12

Connect a grounding wire first to the single-point stud shown in the figure

below, and then to the rack, using a single screw and two washers.

The grounding wire must be 16 AWG or thicker

Page 82




Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card

13

If you should need to replace the IP-20G IDU, you must first remove the SM-Card Cover so that

you can insert it into the new IDU. The SM-Card holds the configuration and software for the IDU. The SM-Card is embedded in the

SM-Card Cover, so re-using the existing SM-Card Cover is necessary to ensure that the units

software and configuration is maintained.

In some cases, you may need to replace the SM-Card itself in order to upgrade the un its

configuration.

To remove the SM-Card Cover:

1. Loosen the screws of the SM-Card Cover and remove it from the IDU.


Replacing an IP-20G IDU or SM-Card

14

2. In the new IDU or, if you are upgrading the SM-Card, the old IDU, make sure that there is no

foreign matter blocking the sockets in the opening where the SM-Card is installed.

3. Gently place the SM-Card Cover in its place and tighten the screws, using a Phillips screwdriver.

Page 83




Power Requirements

15

When selecting a power source, the following must be considered:

DC power can be from -40 VDC to -60 VDC.

Installation Codes: The equipment must be installed according to country national

electrical codes. For North America, equipment must be installed in accordance to the

US National Electrical Code, Articles 110-16, 110-17 and 110-18, and the Canadian

Electrical Code, Section 12.

Overcurrent Protection: A readily accessible listed branch circuit overcurrent

protective device, rated 15 A, must be incorporated in the building wiring.

Grounded Supply System: The equipment shall be connected to a properly grounded

supply system. All equipment in the immediate vicinity shall be grounded the same

way, and shall not be grounded elsewhere.

Local Supply System: The DC supply system is to be local, i.e. within the same

premises as the equipment.

Disconnect Device: A disconnect device is not allowed in the grounded circuit

between the DC supply source and the frame/grounded circuit connection.

15


Power Interface

16

FibeAir IP-20G receives an external supply of -48V current via one or

two power interfaces (the second power interface is optional for power

redundancy). The IP-20G monitors the power supply for under-voltage

and includes reverse polarity protection, so that if the positive (+) and

negative (-) inputs are mixed up, the system remains shutdown.

The allowed power input range for the IP-20G is -40V to -60V. An under

voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes below the allowed range,

and an over voltage alarm is triggered if the power goes above the

allowed range.

Make sure to use a circuit breaker to protect the circuit from damage

by short or overload. In a building installation, the circuit breaker shall

be readily accessible and incorporated external to the equipment. The

maximum rating of the overcurrent protection shall be 10 Amp, while

the maximum current rating is 5 Amp.

Page 84




Power Cable

17


Power cables

18

Page 85




Mechanical Specifications

19

Copyright © 2009 2013 Nera Networks AS All rights reserved. I-79113-EN rev. A

Earth Bonding of Equipment

Page 86




Note 1: Structure or cable riser directly connected to StationEarth Network.

Note 2: Main Earth Bar in equipment room, connected toStation Earth Network.

Note 3: Earth Bus Bar/Cable connected to main earth bar.

Note 4: Coax Signal Cable.

Note 5: Over voltage protection integrated in units.

Note 1

Typical Earthing Network


There are three logical positions where

a Waveguide/Feeder Earthing Kit should be installed:

1. Highest priority is at the bottom of the vertical

feeder run, on the straight section just above the

bend where it transitions from vertical to

horizontal.

2. Jumper Leads from the kit should be bonded to

the Tower Structure:

- directly (bolted connection)

- via a earth termination plate (if provided)

- stainless steel angle adaptor (ANDREW)

3. Earth Kit on the feeder should be positioned

so that each jumper lead has a uniform smooth

transition down to the point of bonding this may

mean staggering their position as shown here.

4. It is preferred that each jumper is bonded

separately.

SEE NEXT TWO SLIDES

Jumper lead between Earthing Kit

and buried earth radial bonded to baseof the Tower Leg.

Recommended 70mm² PVC Coated Conductor

Earthing Kit staggered to ensure smooth,

uniform jumper transition to point of bonding.

Custom Earthing Kit supplied from the

Feeder Manufacturer use only kit that are

compatible.

Never intermix components from different

Manufacturers.

Ceragon Networks provides one

Earthing kit per feeder as standard

Feeder - Earthing Kit (pos.1)

22

Page 87




The second position in order of priority is just before the

waveguide/feeder enters the shelter through the wall plate.

1. Again it is important that the jumper lead forms a smooth

transition downwards to earth. In this case the bonding

point is on the earth termination plate mounted below the

cable bridge.

2. It is preferred that each jumper is bonded separately. Earth

Termination Plate usually have multiple bonding holes pre-

drilled.

3. To shape each conductor correctly begin at the earth

termination plate and form the cable to the best transition

back to the feeder. From there you will establish the

location to fit the earth kit. Treat each earthing kit

separately.

Common ErrorsFitting or, finding the Earth Termination Plate too high on the

shelter wall often prevent achieving the required earth

jumper transition.

Second line of defence

Jumper lead between Earthing Kit

and Earth Termination Plate outside

shelter.Recommended 70mm² PVC Coated

Conductor or 3mm x 25mm CopperTape.

Conductor / Tape should be run outto the

Buried earth loop at a depth of600mm.

Earth Kit

Earth Termination Plate


23


The third position in order of priority is at the antenna position.

Here, the Earthing Kit is fitted on the vertical straight

section of feeder just after the transition from horizontal to

vertical.

1. Once again it is important that the jumper lead forms a

smooth transition downwards to earth. It is usual to use thetower structure itself as the main down conductor.

2. To shape each conductor correctly begin at the bonding

point and form the cable to the best transition back to the

feeder. From there you will establish the best position to fit

the earth kit to the feeder. Treat each earthing kit

separately.

3. If using a Stainless Steel Angle Adaptor this will provide

flexibility to establishing a bonding point on the tower the

Angle Adaptor does not require you to find or drill a hole inany structural members.

The tower structure orclimbing ladder are

both commonly used

for bonding the earth jumper.

Angle Adaptors are the

most convenient

bonding method as thisavoids finding or

drilling holes at heightin the tower.

Additional Earthing Kit:

If a customer specifies additional earthing kit to be fitted, these

would normally be positioned between the two kit installed at thetop and bottom of the feeder.


24

Page 88




RSSI

EARTH TERMINAL

N-Type to IDU connection

4. BOND TO TOWER STRUCTURE.CLAMP TYPE DEPENDENT ONTOWER MEMBER PROFILE

3. SUPPORT EARTH JUMPERWHERE NEEDED

1. SMOOTH JUMPER TRANSITION

2. SHORTEN THE JUMPER IF TOO LONG

EACH ODU IS SEPARATELYEARTHED DO NOT JUMPER

BETWEEN ODU

ODU Earthing

25


With All Cable Installations

Avoid leaving coils along

feeder cables

Avoid kinking the cable

Avoid cable loopbacks

Applying the same principles to all cables

26

Page 89




Weatherproofing

Each Earthing Kit should be protected with a waterproof weather seal

If the weather seals are not provided as part of the main Earthing Kit, they must be

ordered

Each kit is provided with an installation instruction (or, Bulletin)

Always follow the advice given in the instruction to achieve the best possible

installation

27

ODU to IDU connection

Page 90




IP-20G to RFU-C connection

29

TNC females

N-type female

TNC

The cable should have a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 350 MHz.

N-type male

TNC male


N-type connector installation

30

http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=cAV_xhP3FNA

http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=Mo9LwdHe39M

Page 91




TNC connectorinstallation

instructions

31

http://www.youtube.co

m/watch?v=XfA0JVR

JSxU


Self sealing vulcanized tape

weather kit should be

applied to the connector at

the ODU to make it fully

water tight.

Make sure the vulcanized tape and PVC tape

overwrap extends right up to the ODU casing

and is hand moulded around the connector to

form a water tight joint

Fit a small cable tie at the top andbottom of the weather kit to

prevent the PVC tape over wrap

from loosening

Failure to follow every detail of

the installation instructions will

result with water damage to the

connector and cable

The vulcanized tape must

be overwrapped with PVC

tape tied off at the top and

bottom with cable ties.

Also is possible to use cold

shrink medium instead of

tapes

32

Protecting the IF Connector for Split Mount

Page 92




When securing cables with cable

ties the method shown here can

normally be achieved using a single

tie.This method will keep the cablestraight and provide the best

support

Avoid this method which isless secure and will cause

unsightly bending of the

cable

Tower Cross Member

IF Cable

33

Cable Clamping


Cable Installation and Grounding

34

For optical cables no grounding is required

For Ethernet cables, the cable should be grounded to the antenna tower

every 50m using the kit CAT5E_gnd_kit.

Procedure see installation Guide

Page 93



Antenna Installation


1,9V

1,6V

1,3V

-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm

RSSI Curve

36

Page 94




Receiving AntennaSIDE LOBE

SIDE LOBE

MAIN BEAM

AZ I M UT H

Important to establish which are the side lobes

and what is the main beam

Position can be marked onto the column or

interface using a felt tipped pen

For Azimuth panning it is important to establish the

strongest possible signal but remember, further improvement

should be expected once elevation adjustment is carried out

Always Pan antenna

beyond each side lobe

37

Antenna Panning - Azimuth


SIDE LOBE

SIDE LOBE

MAIN BEAM

E L E V AT I ON

HORIZONTAL

Determine from available data if the antenna direction

of shoot is above or below horizontal to ensure the

elevation is adjusted in the correct direction

With the main beam having already been established

it is not necessary to find the side lobes again

Once the best signal strength has been found using

elevation minor azimuth panning can oftenimprove the signal strength further

Receiving Antenna

Note:

It should not always be expected to establish the strongest receive signal at

first attempt to align an antenna

Antenna may need to be panned several times before the optimum signal

strength is established

38

Antenna Panning - Elevation

Page 95




Dual Polarized Antenna connection

To fit the Duel Polarized WaveguideInterface

Remove the two Waveguide Interface

securing screws.

Replace the Waveguide Interface with the

Dual Polarized Waveguide Interface.

Secure the Dual Polarized Waveguide

Interface to the antenna by means of twoscrews M8.

Remount the two Waveguide Interface

securing screws.

Note: There may be some variation in of the

Duel Polarized Waveguide Interface -

always refer to the installation Bulletin before

attempting to install this unit

39


Dual Polarized Antenna connectionWAVEGUIDE

Waveguide ports on feedhorn

clearly marked to show polarization

DUEL POLARIZED FEEDHORN

V

H

40

Page 96



RFU-C Installation


RFU-C waveguide flanges

42

Page 97




RFU-C direct mount configurations

1+0 direct

43


RFU-C and Antenna Interface Direct Mount Polarization

44

Page 98




1+0 remote

45

RFU-C remote mount configurations


RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations

1+1 direct

46

Page 99




RFU-C 1+1 Coupler Direct Mount Polarization

47

Vertical Polarization Horizontal Polarization


RFU-C remote mount configurations

1+1 remote

48

Page 100




Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation

49

Switch to the circular adaptor

(removing the

existing rectangular transition,

swapping the O-ring, and

replacing on the circular

transition).


OMT Installation Example

50

Page 101




RFU-C Mediation devices losses

51

Thank you

52

Page 102



July 2015, v4

First login

Ceragon Training Services


Agenda

2

CLI and Web login

General commands

Get IP address

Set IP address

Set to default

Web Management

Page 103




Connecting to the Unit

3

CLI via Serial

Web/Telnet

Default Username/password is admin/admin

Baud rate =

115200

Bits per Second 115,200

DataBits 8

Parity None

Stop Bits 1

Flow Control - NoneIP address = 192.168.1.1


General commands

4

Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directoryUse the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax

Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands

Question mark to list helpful commands

Page 104




Get IP address

5

CLI Command:

platform management ip show ip-address


Changing Management IP Address

6

CLI Command:

platform management ip set ipv4-address <IP Address> subnet <Mask >

gateway <default gateway >

Example

Web

expand Platform branch, then Management branch and click on IP, set

accordingly and click Apply button

Page 105




Set to default

7

CLI Command:

platform management set-to-default

Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!


Other CLI commands

8

For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual

Open Index html file

Find out in Topics submenu required configuration

Page 106




Ethernet Management Interface IP-20G

9

FibeAir IP-20G contains two FE management interfaces, which connect to a single RJ-45 physical

connector on the front panel (MGMT).

If the user only needs to use a single management interface, a standard Cat5 RJ-45 cable (straight or

cross) can be connected to the MGMT interface.

To access both management interfaces, a special 2 x FE splitter cable can be ordered from Ceragon.

Port Status LED The LED for management interface 1 is located on the upper left of the MGMT

interface. The LED for management interface 2 is located on the upper right of the MGMT interface.


Enable Second MNG port via Splitter

10

CH2 used for the same MNG IP address

CH1

CH2

Page 107




Enable Second MNG port via Splitter

11

Web Management

12

Page 108




First Web login

13

Default IP address is 192.168.1.1 /24

Default Username/password is admin/admin


Main View

14

Menu

Finding topic

Picture of

managed

element

Page 109




Platform / Management / Unit Parameters

15


Platform / Management / NTP Configuration

16

Page 110




Platform / Management / Time Services

17


Platform / Management / Interface Manager

18

Default status is

! DOWN ! Managing of all ports

Page 111




Platform / Management / Inventory

19

Serial Number

important for

activation key

generating


Platform / Management / Unit Info

20

Create Unit Information file, see

configuration in Backup chapter

Page 112




Platform / Management / Reset

21

Provide software reboot


Platform / Management / Set to Factory Default

22

Clear configuration database

Page 113




IP address settings

23


SNMP Parameters

24

Setting for NMS system

Page 114




Trap Managers

25

Up to 4 Trap Managers


V3 User

26

Setting for SNMP v3

Page 115



Thank You

Page 116



July 2015, version 4

Radio Link Parameters



Agenda

2

MRMC

TX & RX Frequencies

Link ID

RSL

MSE

Current ACM Profile

Page 117




High and Low frequency station

Local site

High station

Remote site

Low station

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1)

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1)=11000 MHz Tx(f1)=11000 MHz

Low station means: Tx(f1) < Rx(f1)

Full duplex

3


IDU ODU IDUODU) ))TSL RSL

Radio Link Parameters

4

To Establish a radio link, we need configure following parameters:

1. MRMC Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)

2. TX / RX frequencies set on every radio

3. Link ID must be the same on both ends

4. Max. TSL Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]

5. Unmute Transceiver Transceiver is by default muted (is not transmitting)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To verify a radio link, we need control following parameters:1. RSL Received Signal Level [dBm] nominal input level is required

2. MSE- Mean Square Error [dB]

3. Current ACM profile

Page 118




Modulation RFU‐C RFU

‐C Premium

QPSK Profile 0 Profile 0

8QAM Profile 1 Profile 1





256QAM (strong FEC) Profile 6 N/A

256QAM (weak FEC) Profile 7 Profile 6

512QAM N/A Profile 7

1024QAM (Strong FEC) N/A Profile 8

1024QAM (Light FEC) N/A Profile9

MRMC Multi Rate Multi Coding Profiles

5


MRMC Scripts 1st

steep

6

Changing script automatically resets modem inside IP‐20G

Page 119




Radio Parameters settings

7

2nd step

3th step

4th step

5th step


To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the same

frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.

Link ID Mismatch

# 101

# 101

# 101

# 102Link ID

Mismatch

LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

8

Page 120




Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link IDOtherwise, Link ID Mismatch alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window

Link ID Mismatch

# 101

# 101

# 101

# 102Link ID

Mismatch

LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

9


Questions?

10

Page 121




Radio Link Setup Exercise

11

Thank You

Page 122



July 2015, version 4

ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation

MSE Mean Square Error



Agenda

2

Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Using MSE with ACM

What is MSE?

Link Commissioning with MSE

Triggering ACM with MSE

Page 123




Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)

3

In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality.

When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust

modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.

When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original

setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).

During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings.

In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation

state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.

H i g h P r i o r i t y

T r a f f i c

L o w P

r i o r i t y

T r a f f i c

1 0 2 4 Q A M

L F E C

1 0 2 4 Q A M

S F E C

5 1 2 Q A M

2 5 6 Q A M

1 2 8 Q A M

6 4 Q A M

3 2 Q A M

1 6 Q A M

8 Q A M

4 Q A M

2 0 4 8 Q A C M


Hitless and Errorless switching

4

Page 124



Using MSE with ACM


MSE - Definition

6

MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated

(expected) value and the true value of the quantity being

estimated

MSE measures the average of the squared errors:

MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs

from the quantity to be estimated.

The difference occurs because of randomness or because the

receiver does not account for information that could produce amore accurate estimated RSL

Page 125




To simplify.

7

Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert

one part into the other

Both devices must perfectly match

Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide

We took a few of parts and measured them to see how

many can fit in.


The Errors Histogram(Gaussian probability distribution function)

8

To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many

parts differ from the expected value

9 parts were perfectly OK

10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm

width

Quantity

3

23

1

9 Expected value

Page 126




The difference from Expected value

9

To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) wemeasure how much the errors differ from expected value


width

Quantity

Error = + 6 mm

Error = - 3 mm

Error = + 2 mm

Error = 0 mm

Error = - 4 mm


Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller

differences

10

We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them

The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,

resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:

16cm parts are 36 units away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away


width

Quantity

+ 6 mm = 36

-3 mm = 9

+ 2 mm = 4

Error = 0 mm

- 4 mm = 16

Page 127




Calculating MSE

11

To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:

16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13

The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes

width

Quantity

+ 6 mm = 36

-3 mm = 9

+ 2 mm = 4

Error = 0 mm

- 4 mm = 16


Calculating MSE

12

When MSE is very small the Bell shaped histogram is closer to perfect

condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0

10mm

width

Quantity

MSE determines how narrow / wide the Bell is

Page 128




MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

13

Let us use QPSK (4QAM)

as an example:

QPSK = 2 bits per symbol

2 possible states for I signal

2 possible states for Q signal

= 4 possible states for the

combined signal

The graph shows the expectedvalues (constellation) of the

received signal (RSL)

0001

1011

I

Q



14

The black dots represent the

expected values (constellation)

of the received signal (RSL)

The blue dots represent the

actual RSL

As indicated in the previous

example, we can say that the

bigger the errors are theharder it becomes for the

receiver to detect & recover the

transmitted signal

0001

1011

I

Q

Page 129





15

MSE would be the average

errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4.

When MSE is very small the

actual signal is very close to

the expected signal

0001

1011

I

Q

e1

e2

e3e4



16

When MSE is too big, the

actual signal (amplitude &

phase) is too far from the

expected signal

0001

1011

I

Q

e1

e2

e3e4

Page 130




Commissioning with MSE in EMS

17

When you commission your

radio link, make sure your MSE

is small

Actual values may be read

-39dB to -41dB

Bigger values will result in loss

of signal


MSE and ACM

18

When the errors is too big, we need

a stronger error correction

mechanism (FEC)

Therefore, we reduce the number

of bits per symbol allocated for data

and re-assign the extra bits for

correction instead

For example

256QAM has great capacity but

poor immune to noise

64QAM has less capacity but much

better immune for noise

ACM Adaptive Code Modulation

Page 131




Triggering ACM with MSE

19

When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link

When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required

modulation per radio to maintain service

Profile Mod MSE Down-Threshold MSE Up-Threshold

0 QPSK -18

1 8PSK -16 -19

2 16QAM -17 -23

3 32QAM -21 -26

4 64QAM -24 -29

5 128QAM -27 -32

6 256QAM -30 -34

7 512QAM -32 -37

8 1024 QAM SFEC -35 -38

9 1024 QAM WFEC -36 -41

10 2048QAM-39

Applicable for both 28/56MHz

The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU

type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative


ACM & MSE: An example

20

It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with

respect to measured MSE.

As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 till MSE improves to -38dB:

MSE -39 -36 -35 -32 -30 -27 -24 -21

Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8 Profi le 7 Profile 6 Profile 5 Profile 4 Profi le 3

-41

-38

ACM

Profile

-37

-34

Downgrade

2048 QAM

Downgrade

1024 QAM 1024 QAM 512 QAM 256 QAM 128 QAM 64 QAM 32 QAM

Page 132




ACM & MSE: An Example

21

When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will

switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.

When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) ACM

waits till MSE improves to the point of next available upgrade point ( takes longer time to

switch back to the higher profile).

MSE ‐39 ‐36 ‐35

Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile

8

‐41 ‐38

ACM

Profile

Thank You

Page 133



Page 134



November 2014, ver 3

Automatic Transmit Power Control - ATPC


Agenda

2

Why ATPC?

How does ATPC works?

ATPC Vs. MTPC

ATPC Configuration

Page 135




ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control

3

The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies

significantly with time and environment.

This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range,

and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.

Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter

Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)

Main Lobe

Side Lobe


ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control1. Enable ATPC on both sites

2. Set Input reference level (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)

3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)

4. Transmitters will reduce Output power to the min. possible level

5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. input level

6. ATPC is strongly recommended with XPIC configuration

ATPC module

Radio Transceiver

Radio

Receiver

Radio Receiver

Signal

Quality

Check

‐

Site A Site B

TSL Adjustments

Radio

Feedback

Ref. RSL

Monitored RSL

RSL

required

change

4

Page 136




ATPC Example when ATPC is OFF

MTPC

TSL A = 30dBm

RSL A = ?

MTPC

TSL B = 30dBm

RSL B = ?

RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL) RSL B = -30dBm (TSL A + FSL)

FSL= -60 dBSite A Site B

5


ATPC

Example when ATPC is ON (One site ATPC, second site MTPC)

ATPC

IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm

TSL A = ?

RSL A = ?

MTPC

TSL B = 30dBm

RSL B =?

RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL)

RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)

You want -50dBm on Site B, so what is TXA in Site A?


6

Page 137




ATPC Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites)

ATPCIRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm

TSL A = ?

RSL A = ?

RSL A = -50dBm (TSLB + FSL) RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB - FSL)

ATPCIRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm

TSL B = ?

RSL B = ?

TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA-FSL)


7


ATPC

Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites), ATPC range


ATPCIRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -60dBm

TSL A = ?

RSL A = ?

RSL A = -50dBm (TSL B + FSL) RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)

TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)

ATPCIRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm

TSL B = ?

RSL B = ?

TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA - FSL)

RSL B is -50dBm because typical ATPC range for TX level is 20dB (depend on RFU type)!!!

It means that TSL A cant be 0dBm because possible min is 10dBm (Max is 30dBm)

8

Max TSL is 30dBm

ATPC range is 20dBMax TSL is 30dBm

ATPC range is 20dB

Page 138




ATPC Configuration

9

Thank You

10

Page 139



Page 140



Version 5

IP-20G Activation Key

July 2015


Agenda

2

Activation Key in General

Demo License

CeraOS License concept

IP-20 Activation Key Scheme

Licensed Features

Page 141




Activation Key

3

IP-20N offers a pay as-you-grow licensing concept in which

future capacity growth and additional functionality can beenabled with Activation key.

For purposes of Activation Key, each IP-20N chassis is

considered a distinct device, regardless of which cards are

included in the chassis. Each device contains a single

Activation key.

Licenses are divided into two categories:

Per Carrier The license is per carrier

Per Device The license is per device, regardless of the

number of carriers supported by the device.

Ceragon provides a web-based License Management

System (LMS). The LMS enables authorized users to

generate Activation keys, which are generated per IDU serial

number.

A 1+1 HSB configuration requires the same set of licenses for

both the active and the protected interfaces.


License Management System

4

Page 142




Activation key generating

5

Serial Number

important for

activation key

generating


DEMO License

6

A demo license is available that enables all features for 60 days.

The demo license expires 60 days from the time it was activated,

and the most recent valid license goes into effect.

The 60-day period is only counted when the system is powered up.

10 days before the demo license expires, an alarm is raised

indicating to the user that the demo license is about to expire.

Page 143




License violation

7

License violation yellow color screen has been implemented from sw. T7.9


IP-20 Pricing Concept (Value Structure)Hardware, Software & Licensed Features

8

Hardware Product Models (e.g. IP‐20N, IP‐20G, IP‐20C, IP‐20LH)

Assembly options (e.g. single/dual modem in IP‐20G)

Add‐on modules (e.g. RMC in IP‐20N)

Smart‐Pipe services (L1)

10M radio capacity

1x GE user interface Native TDM services

Licensed Scalability Radio capacity

2nd modem/core

activation (IP‐20G/C)

Additional GE user

interfaces

Additional CET‐Node

services/EVCs (L2)

Licensed Premium Functionality Advanced radio configurations

Advanced QoS

Ethernet OAM

TDM PW services

Synchronization

Network Resiliency

Advanced Security

Licensed Mode ‐ CET‐Node CET services/EVCs (L2)

2x GE user interfaces

Base‐line

functionality

CeraOS (Software)

Page 144




IP-20 Activation Key Scheme

9

Per Node

Premium Functionality

QoS group

Enhanced Packet Buffer

Frame Cut Through

H-QoS

Sync group

Sync-Unit

IEEE-1588 TC

IEEE-1588 OC

IEEE-1588 BC

Redundancy/Resiliency group

Network Resiliency

Main Card Redundancy - HA

Ethernet OAM group

Eth-OAM FM

ETH-OAM PM

TDM group

TDM PW Security

Secure management

Per Carrier

Scalability

Radio capacity

Advanced radio configurations

ACM

XPIC

Multi-Carrier ABC

MIMO

Header De-duplication

Per Node scalability

CET-Node mode/scalability

Edge (8 services/EVCs)

Agg-Lvl-1 (64 services/EVCs)

Agg-Lvl-2 (1024 services/EVCs)

General node scalability

2nd modem activation (IP-20G only)

2nd core activation (IP-20C only)

GE user interfaces


Licensed Features

10

License Name Description

Radio Capacity License

Enables you to increase your systems radio capacity in

gradual steps by upgrading your capacity license.

Without a capacity license, each carrier has a capacity

of 10 Mbps. Licensed capacity is available from 50

Mbps to 500 Mbps. Each RMC card can be licensed for

a different capacity.

IP‐20‐SL‐ACM

Enables the use of Adaptive Coding and Modulation

(ACM) scripts. A separate license is required per core.

IP‐20‐SL‐MC‐ABC Enables Multi‐Carrier ABC.

IP‐20‐SL‐Header‐DeDuplication

Enables the use of Header De‐Duplication, which can

be configured to operate at L2 through L4.

IP‐20‐SL‐XPIC

Enables the use of Cross Polarization Interface

Canceller (XPIC). A separate license is required for each

core in the XPIC pair.

Page 145




Licensed Features

11


IP‐20‐SL‐GE‐Port

Enables the use of a TCC/LIC Ethernet traffic port in GE

mode (10/100/1000baseT or 1000baseX). An activation

key is required for each Ethernet traffic port that is used

on the device. An activation key can be installed

multiple times with dynamic allocation inside the unit

to enable multiple GE ports.

Note: All Ethernet traffic ports are enabled in FE mode

(10/100baseT) by default without requiring any

activation key.

IP‐20‐SL‐Main‐Card‐Redundancy

Enables the use of a second TCC in a 2RU chassis for

High Availability.


Licensed Features

12


Edge CET Node

Enables Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET) and a number

of Ethernet services (EVCs), depending on the type of

CET Node license:

Edge CET Node Up to 8 EVCs.

Aggregation Level 1 CET Node Up to 64 EVCs.

Aggregation Level 2 CET Node Up to 1024 EVCs.

A CET Node license also enables the following:

Network resiliency (MSTP/RSTP) for all services.

Full QoS for all services including basic queue buffer

management (fixed queues buffer size limit, tail‐

drop only) and eight queues per port, no H‐QoS.

LAG Support

P‐20‐SL‐Network‐Resiliency

Enables the following protocols for improving network

resiliency:

G.8032

TDM (PW) services 1:1/1+1 path protection

Page 146




Licensed Features

13


IP‐20‐SL‐H‐QoSH‐QoS

Enables H‐QoS. This license is required to add service‐

bundles with dedicated queues to interfaces. Without

this license, only the default eight queues per port are

supported. (Planned for future release)

IP‐20‐SL‐Enh‐Packet‐Buffer

Enables configurable (non‐default) queue buffer size

limit for Green and Yellow frames. Also enables WRED.

The default queue buffer size limit is 1Mbits for Green

frames and 0.5 Mbits for Yellow frames.

IP‐20‐SL‐Sync‐Unit

Enables the G.8262 synchronization unit. This license is

required in order to provide end‐to‐end synchronization

distribution on the physical layer. This license is also

required to use Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE).

P‐20‐SL‐Frame‐Cut‐Through Enables Frame Cut‐Through.

IP‐20‐SL‐TDM‐PW

Enables TDM pseudowire services on units with TDM

interfaces. Without this activation key, only native TDM

services are supported.


Licensed Features

14


P‐20‐SL‐Secure‐Management Enables secure management protocols (SSH, HTTPS,

SFTP, SNMPv3, and RADIUS).

IP‐20‐SL‐Eth‐OAM‐FM Enables Connectivity Fault Management (FM) per

Y.1731/ 802.1ag and 802.3ah (CET mode only).

IP‐20‐SL‐Eth‐OAM‐PM Enables performance monitoring pursuant to Y.1731

(CET mode only).

Page 147




Activation Key Configuration

15

Sanction state

If an Activation Key Violation alarm has occurred, and the 48-hour activation key violation grace period

has expired without the system having been brought into conformance with the activation-key-enabled

capacity and feature set, Yes appears in this field to indicate that the system is in an Activation Key

Violation sanction state.

All other alarms are hidden until the capacity and features in use are brought within the activation-key-

enabled capacity and feature set


Activation Key Overview

16

Page 148



Thank You

Page 149



Version 5

Service Model in IP-20

November 2014


Agenda

2

IP-20 Ethernet Capabilities

Service Model in General

What is a Service ?

What is a Service point?

Services in IP-20 Family & Services attributes

1. Point to Point Service

2. Multipoint Service

3. Management Service

Service Point in IP-20 Family

1. Pipe Service Point

2. Service Access Point (SAP)

3. Service Network Point (SNP)

4. Management Service Point (MNG)

Service Points classification and attributes

Examples for Services and Service points

Logical VS. Physical Port

Page 151




IP-20s Ethernet Capabilities

3

Up to 1024 services (1025 reserved for Management) Up to 32 service points per service (30 SPs for MNG service)

All service types:

Multipoint (E-LAN)

Point-to-Point (E-Line)

Point-to-Multipoint (E-Tree)

Smart Pipe

Management

128K MAC learning table per service - ability to limit MAC learning perservice

Split horizon between service points

Flexible transport and encapsulation via 802.1q, 802.1ad (Q-in-Q), andMPLS-TP, with tag manipulation possible at egress

High precision, flexible frame synchronization solution combining SyncEand 1588v2

Hierarchical QoS with 8K service level queues, deep buffering, hierarchicalscheduling via WFQ and Strict priority, and shaping at each level


IP-20s Ethernet Capabilities

4

Hierarchical two-rate three-Color policers

Port based Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, Ethertype

Service-based

CoS-based

Up to four link aggregation groups (LAG)

Hashing based on L2, L3, MPLS, and L4

Enhanced <50msec network level resiliency (G.8032) for ring/mesh support

IP-20 is fully MEF-9 and MEF-14 certified for all Carrier Ethernet services.

Page 152



Service model in General

5


What is a Service?

6

A virtual bridge, connecting two or more interfaces

Bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments

within one logical network

Interfaces are usually referred to physical ports but can also be logical

ports

Page 153




4

3

1

2

Service Model

7

Service #1

Service #2


Service points

8

Service points are logical entities attached to the interfaces that make up the

service. Service points define the movement of frames through the service.

Without service points, a service is simply a virtual bridge with no ingress or

egress interfaces.

The Route is your first service point

towards the bridge

Rails are second service point

towards the bridge

Page 154




4

3

1

2

What is a service point?

9

Service #1

Service #2

SP SP

SP SP

SPSP

Services in IP-20 Family

10

Page 155




IP-20 Services

11

IP20 supports the following services types:

1. Point-to-Point Service (P2P)

2. Multipoint Service (MP)

3. Management Service (MNG)

4. Point-to-Multipoint Service (E-Tree)

E-Tree services are planned for future release.


3

Point to Point Service (P2P)

12

Point-to-point services are used to provide connectivity between two

interfaces of the network element.

When traffic ingresses via one side of the service, it is immediately directed

to the other side according to ingress and egress tunneling rules.

This type of service contains exactly two service points and does not require

MAC address-based learning or forwarding

41

2SAPPIPE

SAPPIPE

Page 156




Multipoint Service (MP)

13

Multipoint services are used to provide connectivity between two or more service points.

When traffic ingresses via one service point, it is directed to one of the service points in the

service, other than the ingress service point, according to ingress and egress tunneling rules, and

based on the learning and forwarding mechanism.

If the destination MAC address is not known by the learning and forwarding mechanism, the

arriving frame is flooded to all the other service points in the service except the ingress service

point.

3

41

2

SNP

SNP

SAP

SAP


Management Service (MNG)

14

The management service is a multipoint service that connects the two local

management ports, the network element host CPU, and the traffic ports into a single

service. The service behavior is same as the Multipoint service behavior.

The management service is pre-defined with Service ID 1025.

4

1

2

M a n a g e m e n t p o r t

1

2 T r a f f i c p o r t s

CPU

SNPSAP

Service ID 1025

Page 157




Service Attributes

15

Service ID - 1 - 1024

Service Type P2P, MP, MNG

Service Admin Mode Operational, Reserved

EVC-ID - Ethernet Virtual Connection ID (End-to-end).

EVC Description

Maximum Dynamic MAC Address Learning per Service

Static MAC Address Configuration

CoS Mode & Default CoS

xSTP Instance The spanning tree instance ID (1-63)

Split Horizon Group - (Enable/Disable)

IP-20 Service Points

16

Page 158




Service points

SAP SNP

Pipe Service Point

Management Service Point


Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP

18

Page 159




Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP

19


Management (MNG) Service Point

20

Only used for management services

Page 160




Pipe Service Points

21

Pipe Service Point Used to create traffic connectivity between twopoints in a port-based manner (Smart Pipe). In other words, all the

traffic from one port passes to the other port. Pipe service points are

used in Point-to-Point services

SAPSAPPIPE PIPE

SAPSAPPIPE PIPE

Service points classification

22

Page 161




Service Point Interface Types

23

Interface Type Types of Frames Applies to SP Type

Dot1q A single C‐VLAN is classified into the service

point

All

S‐tag A single S‐VLAN is classified into the service

point

SNP and MNG

Bundle‐C A set of C‐VLANs is classified into the service

point

SAP

Bundle‐S A single S‐VLAN and a set of C‐VLAN are

classified into the service point

SAP

All‐to‐One All C‐VLANs, S‐VLANs with TPID diff than the

system one and untagged frames that enter

the interface are classified into the service

point

SAP

Q ‐in‐Q A single S‐VLAN and C‐VLAN combination is

classified into the service point

SAP and MNG


Service Points

24

Service

Page 162




Service


Service Point Types that can Co-Exist on the Same Interface

26

Service point type

MNG SAP SNP Pipe

Service Type Management Yes No No No

Point-to-Point No Yes Yes Yes

Multipoint No Yes Yes No

Service point Types per Service Type

MNG SP SAP SP SNP SP Pipe SP

MNG SP Only one MNG SP is

allowed per interface.

Yes Yes Yes

SAP SP Yes Yes No No

SNP SP Yes No Yes No

PIPE SP Yes No No Only one Pipe SP is

allowed per interface.


Page 163






Example of dot1q services

28

SAP1

ptp 1

ptp 2

C‐Vlan

10 SAP 1

20 SAP 2

C‐Vlan

10 SAP 3

C‐Vlan

120 SAP 4

SAP

SNP

SAP2

SAP3

SAP4

Transport Vlan EVC

100 ptp1

200 ptp2

The classification to PtP1 and PtP2 is based

on one c‐vlan.

PtP 1 uses same c‐vlan as the classification

at both ends

PtP 2 uses different c‐vlan as the

classification at both ends.

PtP1 and PtP2 uses the transport vlan

inside the network. The original c‐vlan is

not sent inside the network.

Page 164




Example of bundle services

29

SAP1

ptp 1

ptp 2

C‐Vlan

1 0, 11 S AP 1

2 0, 21 S AP 2

C‐Vlan

1 0, 11 S AP 3

C‐Vlan

20 ,2 1 S AP 4

SAP

SNP

SAP2

SAP3

SAP4

Transport Vlan EVC

100 ptp1

200 ptp2


on several c‐vlans.


inside the network. The original c‐vlan is

preserved and sent inside the network.


Example of Q-in-Q services

30

SAP1

ptp 1

ptp 2S‐Vlan C

‐Vlan

230 10 SAP 1

240 20 SAP 2

S‐Vlan C‐Vlan

230 10 SAP 3

S‐Vlan C‐Vlan

340 320 SAP 4

SAP

SNP

SAP2

SAP3

SAP4

Transport Vlan EVC

100 ptp1

200 ptp2


on a pair of c‐vlan and s‐vlan.


inside the network. The original c‐vlan and

s‐vlan is not sent inside the network.

Page 165



Service points Attributes

31


Service Point Attributes

As described above, traffic ingresses and egresses the service via service

points. The service point attributes are divided into two types:

Ingress Attributes Define how frames are handled upon ingress, e.g.,

policing and MAC address learning.

Egress Attributes Define how frames are handled upon egress, e.g.,

preservation of the ingress CoS value upon egress, VLAN swapping.

Page 166




Service Point Attributes

33

General Ingress Egress

Service Point ID Learning Admin C‐VLAN CoS Preservation

Service Point Name Allow Flooding C‐VLAN Preservation

Service Point Type Allow Broadcast S‐VLAN CoS Preservation

Interface CoS Mode Marking Admin

Interface Type Default CoS Service Bundle ID

C‐VLAN Encapsulation

S‐VLAN Encapsulation


Service Point General Attributes

34

General

Service Point ID

Service Point Name

Service Point Type

Interface

Interface Type



Service Point ID number for service point inside

the same service

Service Point Name The Name for service point

if is needed

Service Point Type- SAP, SNP, MNG, PIPE

Interface - The logical interface on which the

service point is located

Interface Type Dot1q, S-Tag, Bundle-C, Bundle-

S, All-to-One, Q-in-Q

C-Vlan Encapsulation - The C-VLAN classified

into the service point

S-Vlan Encapsulation - The S-VLAN classifiedinto the service point

Page 167




Service Point Ingress Attribute

35

Ingress

Learning Admin

Allow Flooding

Allow Broadcast

CoS Mode

Default CoS

Learning Admin - Indicates whether MACaddress learning is enabled or disabled

Allow Flooding - Indicates whether incoming

frames with unknown MAC addresses are

forwarded to other service points via flooding

Allow Broadcast - Indicates whether frames with

a broadcast destination MAC address are allowed

to ingress the service via this service point

CoS Mode - Indicates how the service point

handles the CoS of frames that pass through the

service point.

Default CoS The service point CoS. If the CoS

Mode is set to overwrite the CoS decision made at

the interface level, this is the CoS value assigned

to frames that ingress the service point.


Service Point Egress Attribute

36

Egress

C‐VLAN CoS Preservation

C‐VLAN Preservation

S‐VLAN CoS Preservation

Marking Admin

Service Bundle ID

C-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the

original C-VLAN CoS value is preserved or

restored for frames egressing from the service

point

C-Vlan Preservation - Indicates whether the

original C-VLAN ID is preserved or restored for

frames egressing from the service point

S-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the

original S-VLAN CoS value is preserved or

restored for frames egressing from the service

point

Marking Admin - Indicates whether re-marking of

the outer VLAN (C-VLAN or S-VLAN) of tagged

frames that pass through the service point isenabled

Service Bundle ID - This can be used to assign

one of the available service bundles from the H-

QoS hierarchy queues to the service point

Page 168




Egress

C‐VLAN CoS Preservation

C‐VLAN Preservation

S‐VLAN CoS Preservation

Marking Admin

Service Bundle ID

Ingress

Learning Admin

Allow Flooding

Allow Broadcast

CoS Mode

Default CoS

General

Service Point ID

Service Point Name

Service Point Type

Interface

Interface Type



Ethernet Service Points GUI

Logical Vs. Physical Interface

38

Page 169




Logical and physical interface

39

Service Demo

40

Page 170




The Setup

41

IP-20N

IP-20C/S/E

IP-20G


Creating the Service

42

Page 171




Attaching Service Points

43



44

Page 172





45


Questions?

46

Page 173



Thank You

Page 174



IP-20G

May 2015, ver5

Quality of Service


Agenda

2

Standard QoS VS. H-QoS

QoS in General

QoS in IP-20C

Classification

Marker

Bandwidth Profile

Policing

Queues Manager

WRED

Scheduler

Shaper

Page 175




Hierarchical QoS (H-QoS) vs. Standard QoS

3

Differentiation between

different traffic classes (CoS)

Services within the same traffic

class are treated as a single

aggregate with no isolation

Limited per-service visibility

and control

Each service gets its own

personalized treatment

TDM-grade performance

providing per-service full

visibility and control

Standard QoS

EthernetRadio

Eth.traffic

Service 1

Service 2

Service 3

Voice

Streaming

Data

V

S

D

V

V

S

S

D

D

H-QoS

EthernetRadio

Service 1

Service 2

Service 3

V

S

D

Service 1

Service 2

Service 3

V

S

D

V

S

D


Backhaul Sharing Fairness & Bursts Isolation

4

MSC/RNC/S-GWOperator 2

Shared Backhaul

MSC/RNC/S-GW

Operator 1

Shared Site

Shared Site

Shared Site

Operator 1

Operator 2

Operator 1

Operator 2

Operator 1

Operator 2

Operator 1

Operator 2

Same CoS

Same CoS HQoS

Standard

QoS

N >> 8

Page 176






How does it Work?

7

E gr e s s P or t

I n

r e s s P or t

Ethernet frame

V.ID = 100

P-Bit = 5

IP Packet

DSCP = 0


General Overview

8

Service

E gr e s s P or t

I n gr e s s P or t

Policers

Shapers

Queues

Scheduler

Priority WFQ

Ingress Egress

WRED

Marker

Page 178



Classification

9


Classification

10

3 Hierarchies

Port (aka 1H)

VLAN (aka 1.5H)

Service Point (aka 2H)

Service (aka 3H)

Port level classification

VLAN P-bits

DSCP

MPLS EXP bits

Default classification

Port

VLAN

SP

Service

Page 179




Classification Hierarchies

11

SAPSNP

SAPSAP

SAPSNP

SAPSAPPortPortPort VLANVLANVLAN

Service H3

SP H2Port H1VLAN H1,5

Port level classification1. VLAN P-bits

2. DSCP

3. MPLS EXP bits

4. Default classification

Service Points classification1. Preserve previous decision

2. Default CoSService classification1. Preserve previous decision

2. Default CoS

Calculated CoS =H3>H2>H1

Service #1


CoS Classification

12

SNP

SNP

SAP

SAP

SNP

SNP

SAP

SAP

VLANVLANVLAN

Service H3

SP1 H2Port1 H1 VLAN H1,5

SP2 H2

Port 2Port 2Port 2 VLANVLANVLAN

Port2 H1 VLAN H1,5

Port 1Port 1Port 1


2. DSCP

3. MPLS EXP bits



2. Default CoS

Service classification1. Preserve previous decision

2. Default CoS


2. DSCP

3. MPLS EXP bits



2. Default CoS

Calculated CoS =H3>H2>H1

Page 180




4

Classification example

13

Customer 1

Customer 2

Customer 3

Customer 3


Classification 1H

14

1st Priority 2nd Priority 3th Priority 4th Priority

Page 181




Classification 1.5H via CLI

15

VLAN CoS Override

For SP type Dot1q, QinQ, Bundle C, Bundle S


Classification 1.5H via GUI

16

VLAN CoS Override for Bundle C/S SPs

Page 182




Classification 2H

17

Service Point CoS Mode


Classification 3H

18

Service CoS Mode

Page 183



Policing

19


Ingress Policing

20

We can configure ingress policing based on

two rates three colors token bucket (MEF 10.2 TrTCM).

The token buckets order shall be as follow:

Service-Point+CoS - service policing

Service-Point - service policing

Ethertype - port policing

Frame type (unicast, multicast, broadcast) port policing.

There are 256 profiles

There are 1024 policers.

F r a m e T

y p e

E t h e r t y p e

S e r v i c e - P o i n tCoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

Page 184




Meaning of Colors

21

Guaranteed

Non Guaranteed

Dropped


Bandwidth Profile (BWP)

Two Rate Three Color Marking Policer Rates & Bursts

Committed Information RateThe rate at which tokens fill the 1st bucket

CIR & CBS defines the assured bandwidth and burst

EIR & EBS improves the networks Goodput (best effort)

Committed Burst SizeThe size of the 1st bucket

Excess Information RateThe rate at which tokens fill the 2nd bucket

Excess Burst SizeThe size of the 2nd bucket

22

Page 185




Bandwidth Profile (BWP)Two Rate Three Color Marking Policer Modes Of Operation

Color Modes (CM)Color Blind Frames are uncolored and aremarked following policer operation

Color Aware Frames were marked before. Yellow frames jump to 2nd bucket

Most Operators use CM & CF default values (CM = blind, CF = 0)

Coupling Flag (CF)

CF = 0 the 2nd bucket is filled based on

EIR value only

CF = 1 2nd bucket is filled based on EIR

and excess tokens not used in 1st

bucket

23


Defining Policer Profile

24

128000 bps

Page 186




Assign a Policer to a Port

25


Assign a Policer to an SP

26

Page 187



Queues Manager & WRED & Marker

27


Queues Manager

28

Service #1

CoS 0

CoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

CoS 4

CoS 5

CoS 6

CoS 7

Queue 1

Queue 2

Queue 3

Queue 4

Queue 5

Queue 6

Queue 7

Queue 0

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS Single Shaper

Service

SAPSNP

SAPSAP

SAPSNP

SAPSAP

Page 188




WRED

29

Weighted Random Early Detect

Sliding window example

Maximum physical BW of the line


WRED

30

IP-20 can hold 32 WRED profiles.

For each queue (in L4)

we can attach one of the WRED profiles.

Page 189




Creating WRED Profile

31


Queues Manager with WRED

32

Service #1

CoS 0

CoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

CoS 4

CoS 5

CoS 6

CoS 7

Queue 1

Queue 2

Queue 3

Queue 4

Queue 5

Queue 6

Queue 7

Queue 0

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS Single Shaper

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

Service

SAPSNP

SAPSAP

SAPSNP

SAPSAP

Page 190




Creating WRED Profile

33

Marking

34

Page 191




Painting a Frame

35

CFI = 0, it is an Ethernet Frame, it means green color

CFI = 1, it is an Canonical format, it means yellow color


CoS Preservation Marking Result

Enable Dont Care

IP‐20

Disable Enable

IP‐20

Marker

36

5

Calculated

Cos = 3/Y 3

5 Calculated

Cos = 3/G 5

Page 192




MARKING

MARKING

MARKING

MARKING

MARKING

MARKING

MARKING

MARKING

MARKER

38

Service #1

CoS 0

CoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

CoS 4

CoS 5

CoS 6

CoS 7

Queue 1

Queue 2

Queue 3

Queue 4

Queue 5

Queue 6

Queue 7

Queue 0

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS Single Shaper

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

Service

SAPSNP

SAPSAP

SAPSNP

SAPSAP

Scheduling and Shaping

39

Page 193




8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Traffic Manager Example

40

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Service #1

1

2 4

3

Service #2

1

23


D u a l S h a p e r

D u a l S h a p

e r

W F Q

W F Q

W F Q

W F Q

SP +

WFQ

SP +

WFQ

Hierarchical QoS

41

CoS Queue Level (Within a service)

Service Level Port Level

CoS 0

CoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

CoS 4

CoS 5

CoS 6

CoS 7

CoS 0

CoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

CoS 4

CoS 5

CoS 6

CoS 7

Service #1

Service #n

1st priority2nd priority3rd priority4th priority

Service Bundle Level Port Level

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS Single Shaper

SP Strict Priority

WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

S P

M A R K I N G

S i n g l e S h a p e r

Page 194




D u a l S h a p e r

D u a l S h a p e r

W F Q

W F Q

W F Q

W F Q

Hierarchical QoS now

42

Service Level Port Level

CoS 0

CoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

CoS 4

CoS 5

CoS 6

CoS 7

CoS 0

CoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

CoS 4

CoS 5

CoS 6

CoS 7

Service #1

Service #n

1st priority2nd priority

3rd priority4th priority

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS

SS Single Shaper

SP Strict Priority

WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

S P

M A R K I N G

Port LevelCoS Queue Level (Within a service)

CoS 0

CoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

CoS 4

CoS 5

CoS 6

CoS 7

CoS 0

CoS 1

CoS 2

CoS 3

CoS 4

CoS 5

CoS 6

CoS 7

Service #1

Service #n

Service Bundle Level


SP + WFQ

SP+WFQ Scheduling Example for one Service Bundle

43

WFQ

Service Level

S P

1st priority2nd priority3rd priority4th priority

CoS Level Port Level

CoS 7

CoS 6

CoS 5

CoS 4

CoS 3

CoS 2

CoS 1

CoS 0

WFQ

Queue 0

Queue 1

Queue 2

Queue 3

Queue 4

Queue 5

Queue 6

Queue 7 Mixed scheduling 4 strict priorities

WFQ within same priority

Shaping per port/queue8 Queues

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

S i n g l e S h a p e r

Page 195




Scheduler Priority and WFQ

44

User shall can create up to 8 profiles of

priority/weight.

Class Of

Service

Priority

when

green

Priority

when

yellow

Weight

when

green

Weight

when

yellow

Service Name

CoS 7 4 4 20 20 Management (synch, PDU etc ...)

CoS 6 3 1 20 20 Real Time 1 (Voice small buffer)

CoS 5 3 1 20 20 Real Time 2 (Video large buffer)

CoS 4 2 1 20 20 Data Service 1




CoS 0 1 1 20 20 Best Effort

The profile is attached on logical port. All the service bundle inherit

this configuration.


Creating a Shaper

45

PIR = CIR + EIR

Page 196




Assign a Shaper

46


Creating Scheduler Priority Profile

47

Page 197




Creating WFQ Profile

48


Assign a Scheduler

49

Page 198




H-QoS Summary

Policer level 1

Policer level 2Policer level 3

Service Bundle #1

Service Bundle #32

MARKING


Standard QoS vs H-QoS - Summary

51

Capability Standard QoS Hierarchical QoS

Number of transmissionqueues per port

8 256

Number of service bundles 1 (always service bundle id equal 1) 32

WREDPer queue (two curves for green traffic and

for yellow traffic via the queue)

Per queue (two curves for green traffic and

for yellow traffic via the queue)

Shaping at queue level Single leaky bucket Single leaky bucket

Shaping at service bundlelevel

Dual leaky bucket Dual leaky bucket

Shaping at port levelSingle leaky bucket (this level is not relevant

since it is recommended to use service bundle

level with dual leaky bucket)

Single leaky bucket

Transmission queues priority Per queue priority (4 priorities).

Per queue priority (4 priorities). All service

bundles for a specific port inherit the 8-

queues priority settings.

Weighted fair Queue (WFQ) Queue level (between queues)Queue level (between queues)

Service Bundle level (between service

bundles)

Marker Supported Supported

Statistics

Queue level (8 queues)

Service bundle level (1 service bundle)

Port level

Queue level (256 queues)

Service bundle level (32 service bundles)

Port level

WFQ inside service bundle level is planned for future release.

Page 199



Thank You

Page 200



Version 2

IP- 20G XPIC Configuration

July 2015


Agenda

2

System Spectrum Utilization

ACAP

ACCP

CCDP

Co-channel System

IP-20G & XPIC

XPIC Recovery mechanism

XPIC Settings

Page 201








RSL Vs. Threshold for system without CCDP

7

Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)


BER>10-6RSL (dBm)

-20

-30 Nominal Input Level

-99

-96 Receiver amplifies thermal noise

-73 Threshold level BER=10-6

Fading Margin = 43dB

K Boltzmann constant

T Temperature in KelvinB Bandwidth

Time (s)

BER>10-6


RSL Vs. Threshold for CCDP system without XPIC

8

Interference


BER>10-6RSL (dBm)

-20

-30 Nominal Input Level H

-99

-96

Threshold level without interference BER=10-6

Fading Margin = 12dB

Time (s)

-65 Interference level in H (interference from V,

separation between H & V with very good antenna is35dB)

-73

-42Threshold level because of interference without XPIC

BER=10-6

BER>10-6

Page 204




RSL Vs. Threshold for CCDP system with XPIC

9

Interference level


BER>10-6RSL (dBm)

-20

-30 Nominal Input Level H

Fading Margin = 38 dB

Time (s)

-65Interference level in H (interference from V, whenXPIC is not enabled

-73

Threshold level when XPIC is ON

BER>10-6

-91

XPIC will

improve

interference

for extra

26dB

-68

Interference level in H (interference from V, when

XPIC is enabled

Original Threshold level without CCDP and XPIC

configuration


XPIC Recovery Mechanism

The purpose of the XPIC recovery mechanism is to save the working link whileattempting to recover the faulty polarization.

The mechanism works as follows: The indication that the recovery mechanism has been activated is a loss of

modem preamble lock, which takes place at SNR~10dB.

The first action taken by the recovery mechanism is to cause the remotetransmitter of the faulty carrier to mute, thus eliminating the disturbing signal andsaving the working link.

Following this, the mechanism attempts at intervals to recover the failed link. Inorder to do so, it takes the following actions:

The remote transmitter is un-muted for a brief period.

The recovery mechanism probes the link to find out if it has recovered. If not,it again mutes the remote transmitter.

This action is repeated in exponentially larger intervals. This is meant to

quickly bring up both channels in case of a brief channel fade, withoutseriously affecting the working link if the problem has been caused by ahardware failure.

The number of recovery attempts is user-configurable

Every such recovery attempt will cause a brief traffic hit in the workinglink.

10

Page 205




MRMC selection

11

X means XPIC scriptN Normal script


XPIC settings

12

Page 206



Thank you

13

Page 207



Version 2

Protection System Configuration

July 2015


Agenda

2

What is Protection?

General Guidelines

HSB Configuration in general principals

1+1 HSB Configuration

1+1 HSB SD Configuration

Page 209




Different types of protections systems

3


What is Protection?

4

A method of using one or more devices in a standby mode in order to

have a secondary link up when failure occurred to the active link

In order to achieve a full protected link each and every device should

be protected

The number of multiplied devices depends on the link importance

The process of keeping (something or someone) safe

Wikipedia.com

Everybody needs Protection

Page 210




Protection Protection

Hot standby in general

5

1

1

1

In case of ch1 failure, will be traffic

switched to Protection channelCh1 Ch1Main Main

HSB system is using same frequency for Main and Standby channel (f1 & f1 )

HSB system is typically 1+1

Protection channel is internally muted. Just in case Main channel failure will be Protection channel Unmuted.

Space diversity with baseband switching is based on HSB system (selection of better input level)

In Hot Standby mode only one transmitter is active, the other transmitter is standby. Both receivers are active

and hitless switching is performed if Space diversity was configured. The TX- and RX- switching at a terminal

normally operates independently, but they may be configured to operate together.

1′


HSB Protection

6

IP-20G offers radio redundancy via 1+1 HSB protection. 1+1 HSB protection provides

full protection in the event of interface, signal, or RFU failure

The interfaces in a protected pair operate in active and standby mode. If there is a

failure in the active radio interface or RFU, the standby interface and RFU pair

switches to active mode

Each carrier in a protected pair reports its status to the CPU. The CPU is responsible

for determining when a switchover takes place.

In a 1+1 HSB configuration, the RFUs must be the same type and must have the

same configuration

Page 211




HSB Protection Revertive mode

7

In an HSB protection scheme, the active and standby radios are usually

connected to the antenna with a coupler.

This causes a -6dB loss on the secondary path on each side of the link,

resulting in a 12dB increase in the total path loss for the link.

This additional path loss will either reduce the links fade margin or increase the

power consumption of the Power Amplifier (PA) in order to compensate for the

additional path loss.

The system monitors the availability of the primary path at all times. Whenever

the primary path is operational and available, without any alarms, but the

secondary path is active, the system initiates a revertive protection switch.

Every revertive protection switch is recorded as an event in the event log.

Revertive time from Secondary radio back to Primary radio is 10 min

EACH PROTECTION SWITCH CAUSES TRAFFIC DISRUPTION!!!


Switchover Triggers

8

The following events trigger switchover for 1+1 HSB protection according to

their priority, with the highest priority triggers listed first.

1. Hardware module missing

2. Lockout

3. Force switch

4. Traffic failures

5. Manual switch

Page 212




ACM and 1+1HSB

9

When ACM is activated together with 1+1 HSB protection, it is

essential to feed the active RFU via the main channel of the coupler(lossless channel), and to feed the standby RFU via the secondarychannel of the coupler (-6db attenuated channel). This maximizessystem gain and optimizes ACM behavior for the following reasons:

In the TX direction, the power will experience minimal attenuation.

In the RX direction, the received signal will be minimally attenuated.Thus, the receiver will be able to lock on a higher ACM profile(according to what is dictated by the RF channel conditions).

The following ACM behavior should be expected in a 1+1configuration:

In the TX direction, the Active TX will follow the remote Active RX ACMrequests (according to the remote Active Rx MSE performance).

The Standby TX might have the same profile as the Active TX, or mightstay at the lowest profile (profile-0). That depends on whether theStandby TX was able to follow the remote RX Active units ACM

requests (only the active remote RX sends ACM request messages). In the RX direction, both the active and the standby carriers follow the

remote Active TX profile (which is the only active transmitter).


10

Page 213





11

1+1 HSB only for non ABC radio configuration

1+1 HSB SD only for ABC radio configuration

Select Member 2

Summary Submit

Select Member 1


Copy to Mate

12

Configure first (Main) radio link (MRMC, Freq., Link ID)

1. Select first radio link for Primary radio location

2. Select Copy to mate source radio location (In this case 1st link)

3. Apply new setting

4. Click on the Copy to Mate button

Page 214



Multi-Carrier ABC 1+1 HSB SD Configuration

13


There must be enable CMR mode for both radios to be able create 1+1

HSB SD configuration

Multi Carrier ABC 1+1 HSB SD

1 Enable CMR mode via CLI

Page 215




1+1 HSB only for non ABC radio configuration

1+1 HSB SD only for ABC radio configuration

Select Member 2

Summary

Submit


2 - Protection Groups

Select Member 1



3 - MC-ABC pre-configuration

16

1. Configure Multi Carrier ABC group. Create Group 1, use any name (1+1 HSB SD),

press Finish Submit (not next)

2. Edit created group and Enable protection

3. In next step add to this group Protection Group #1

1

2

Page 216





4 - MC ABC Configuration Adding member

17

1. Add Protection Group #1 into ABC


Copy to Mate

18






Page 217





Version 1

Multi Carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control

MC-ABC

July 2015


Agenda Multi-channel ABC in general

Multi Carrier ABC engine

Multi Carrier ABC & ACM

Multi-Carrier ABC 2+0 Configuration


2

Page 219




Multi-carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control (ABC)

Multi-channel Adaptive Bandwidth Control-ABC is the unique technology for traffic distribution over several

RF carriers.

The Multi-channel ABC dynamically adjusts the total link capacity depending on the number of channels and

their available capacities to provide the highest throughput at any time.

The traffic from the Ethernet WAN port is distributed to all available RF channels in a round robin fashion,

independent of packet sizes and flows. This results in a single high-capacity Ethernet link, with a high level of

resilience and efficiency. If an RF-channel fails, the overall throughput will drop, but the remaining capacity will be fully utilized. The

QoS scheduler ensures that high priority traffic is transmitted unaffected, while low priority traffic may be

dropped if the link becomes congested. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBVL1Ac9xJU

3


Multi Carrier ABC Multi-Carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control (ABC) is an innovative technology that

creates logical bundles of multiple radio links and optimizes them for wireless

backhaul applications.

Multi-Carrier ABC enables separate radio carriers to be shared by a single Ethernet

port.

This provides an Ethernet link over the radio with multiple capacities, while still

behaving as a single Ethernet interface.

In Multi-Carrier ABC mode, traffic is divided among the carriers optimally at the radio

frame level without requiring Ethernet link aggregation (LAG).

Load balancing is performed without regard to the number of MAC addresses or the

number of traffic flows.

During fading events which cause ACM modulation changes, each carr ier fluctuates

independently with hitless switchovers between modulations, increasing capacity

over a given bandwidth and maximizing spectrum utilization.

The result is 100% utilization of radio resources in which traffic load is balancedbased on instantaneous radio capacity per carr ier.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBVL1Ac9xJU

4

Page 220






Multi-Carrier ABC engine

ABC Engine

Network

Processor

1Gbps connection for

Ethernet and TDM

Ethernet ports Channelized STM-1 or E1/DS1

1x Up to 2+0 MC-ABC (Up to 1Gbps)1+1 HSB BBS MC-ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)

7


1. System is highly resilient to

carrier failure/degradation

Multi-Carrier ABCChannel failure/degradation

Network

Processor

E t h e r n e t

T r a f f i c

ABC Engine

R a d i o

R a d i o

Simple and Powerful Traffic Allocation TDM & Ethernet Simple and Powerful Traffic Allocation TDM & Ethernet

1 2 N

8

Page 222



2+0 MC-ABC Configuration


Multi Carrier ABC 2+0

2 MC ABC Configuration

1. Create ABC Group 1 consists of slot 1 (channel 1) and slot 2 (channel 2)

2. Check if ABC group has Admin status Enable

3. Setup MRMC, Freq., Link ID per each radio link

4. Check IF Manager MC ABC Grop1 is enabled

10

Page 223




11


There must be enable CMR mode for both radios to be able create 1+1

HSB SD configuration


1 Enable CMR mode via CLI

Page 224







4 - MC ABC Configuration Adding member

15

1. Add Protection Group #1 into ABC


Copy to Mate

16






Page 226



Thank You

Page 227



July 2015, ver5

Configuration Management &

Software Download



Agenda

2

Backup and Restore

Software Download

RFU Software Installation

Unit Info

Page 229





Backup Process


Backup Configuration File Idea

6

1. Install FTP server We recommend to use FileZilla Server (not Client)

2. Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders)

3. Synchronize Time via CLI

platform management time-services utc set date-and-time 30-01-2014,15:07:58

4. Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server

5. Create Configuration Backup inside IP20 unit

6. Export Configuration Backup to FTP server

Export

File

FTP IP address

Page 231




2. FTP Setup FileZilla Settings

7

1. Install FileZilla Server and Run it

2. Create User in FileZilla Server


2. FTP Setup FileZilla Settings

8

3. Create shared folder in FTP Server PC (C:\ Backups)

4. Setup all permissions for this folder in FTP Server

5. Check Firewall settings in FTP Server PC and if port 21 is used only withFileZilla

FTP SERVER PC

FileZilla settings in FTP SERVER PC

Page 232




3. IP20G Configuration Management Settings

Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection

Status for File transfer

User name and passwordmust be same as in FileZilla

Server

FTP Server IP address

Path in Server (This setup means that

file will be uploaded in C:\Backups)

Name.zip (.zip is MANDATORY)

Restore point selectionTime installation for future releases

Status for Backup creation

9

!!!


4. Backup process

10

3. Backup

4. Check Status

5. Export

6. Check Export status

1. Setup Configuration parameters

included Restore Point which will beused for Configuration Backup inside

the system

2. Apply

Page 233








Config_Dump File

15

Software Download for IDU

16

Page 236






Software process download

19

1. Setup Parameters

2. Apply

3. Download Software Files from FTP Server

4. Check Download Status

5. Install Downloaded Software

6. Check Installation Status

RFU Software Installation

20

Page 238





Unit Information file

23


Unit Info

24

Status for File transfer

User name and password

must be same as in FileZillaServer

FTP Server IP address

Path in Server (This setup means that

file will be uploaded in C:\Backups)

Name.zip (.zip is MANDATORY)

Status for Unit info creation

!!!

Includes technical data about the unit and also backup f iles placed in restore points

This file can be forwarded to customer support, at their request, to help in analyzing issues

that may occur

Page 240




Create and Transfer process

25

3. Create

4. Check Status

5. Export

6. Check Export status

1. Setup Configurationparameters included Restore

Point which will be used for

Configuration Backup inside thesystem

2. Apply

Thank You

Page 241





Proprietary and ConfidentialProprietary and Confidential

3

Native TDM Services

3

IP-20G provides integrated support for transportation of TDM (E1) serviceswith integrated E1 interfaces.

Two types of TDM services are supported using the same hardware:

Native TDM trails

TDM Pseudowire services (enabling interoperability with third party

packet/PW equipment)

IP-20G provides native TDM support, utilizing a cross-connect module to

support up to 512 TDM trails.

The IP-20G Web EMS provides a simple and easy-to-use GUI that enables

users to provision end-to-end TDM trails. The Services Provisioning GUI

includes the following trail-creation end points:

TDM interface

Radio interface


4

Hybrid Services Engine Ethernet + TDM

4

Hybrid

Radio

Packettraffic

TDMtraffic

TDM cross-connect (VCs)

Network processor (EVCs)

GE/FE

E1

Ch-STM1

Native TDM Services (VCs)

Ethernet Services (EVCs)

Ethernet switched (L2) services E-Line (PtP), E-LAN (MPtMP)

Ethernet port based (L1) services (smart pipe)

TDM Pseudowire services Unstructured (SAToP), Structured (CESoP)

TDMPW

Services engine

Page 244





HybridRadioPacket

traffic

TDM

traffic

Hybrid services example: Ethernet EVCs + Native TDM

5

PtP Service

SAP

SAPSNPSAPSAP

MPtMP Service

Port

Port

Port

User Port

(UNI)

User Port

(UNI)

GE/FE

GE/FE

E1/DS1

TDM cross-connect (VCs)

Port

Network

Port

GE/FE

SNP

SNP

SAP

SAP


PacketRadio

Port

Port Port

All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire

6

Port

PtP Service

User Port

(UNI)

User Port

(UNI)Network

Port

GE/FE

SAPSNPSAPSAP

SAPSNPSAPSAP

SNP

SNP

SAP

SAP

PtP Service

MPtMP Service

S-VLAN =

200Packettraffic

GE/FE

GE/FE

E1/DS1


TDMPW

Page 245



How to Setup Native TDM

7


ETSI and ANSI

8

For IP-20G default standard is ETSI

To change the TDM interfaces to operate according to the ANSI (FCC) standard

(DS1), results in system reset and restores the default configuration.

Page 246




Native TDM Configuration

9

E1#1-16

VC‐1 VC

‐2 VC

‐3 VC

‐4

VC‐5 VC‐6 VC‐7 VC‐8

VC‐9 VC‐10 VC‐11 VC‐12

VC‐13 VC‐14 VC‐15 VC‐n

9

TDM

Network

Loop Timing


10

TDM Service Configuration 1

10

As first we have to create any Eth. service for Radio port, because we need specifywhich type of traffic will be carry by Radio.

Create any service point which is connected to the radio port in Ethernet/Services

Page 247




TDM Service Configuration 2

11

1

23

1 Select required TDM card

2 Select required E1or VC

3 Select Timing

Loop Timing Timing is taken from incoming traffic.

Recovered Clock Clock information is recovered on the egress path. Extra information may be located

in an RTP header that can be used to correct frequency offsets. Recovered Clock can provide very

accurate synchronization, but requires low PDV (Packer Delay Variation).

System Reference Clock Trails are synchronized to the system reference clock.

Front Panel Trails are synchronized from Front Panel synch. port.


12

Native TDM Configuration

12

Select Required TDM Card and Timing

E1#1-1

Page 248






TDM Service Configuration

15

Selection Summary

TDM Path Protection

16

Page 250




TDM Path Protection

TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate networkpaths for a single TDM service.

Two different kinds of path protection are available, each suitable for a

different network topology:

1:1 and 1+1 TDM path protection is suitable for ring networks that consist

entirely of IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements with two end-point interfaces for

the TDM trail.

1+1 Dual Homing TDM path protection is suitable for networks in which the

IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements are set up as a chain connected to the third

party networks at two different sites.

The ring is closed on one side by the IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements,

and on the other by third party equipment supporting standard SNCP.

In this case, there are three end-point interfaces in the IP-20N and/orIP-20G section of the network.

17


1:1 TDM Path Protection

18

1:1 TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate network paths for a singleTDM trail.

Each trail has the same TDM interface end points, but traffic flows to the destination via different

paths.

Bandwidth is utilized only on the active path, f reeing up resources on the standby path.

For native TDM services TDM path protection is done by means of configuring active and backup

path at the TDM service end-points.

Active

Path

Backup

Path

Page 251








Configuration 1:1 or 1+1 TDM Path Protection

23

1 2

45 or

Trail ID 1

Radio Slot 1VC-1

Trail ID 2

Radio Slot 2VC-1

1:1 or 1+1 TDM Protection

1:1 or 1+1 TDM Protection

Active

PathBackup

Path

E1#1

Slot 1

BypassconfigurationBypassconfiguration

3


TDM Service

24

Interface #1 Interface #2 Protection Interface

Page 254





July 2015, ver 4

Troubleshooting



Agenda

2

Faults and Alarms

Performance monitoring

RMON statistic

Loopback

Page 273



Faults and Alarms


Faults

4

Current Alarms

Event Log

Page 274








MRMC actual status

9


Signal Level

10

Page 277




MSE Mean Square Error

11


MRMC

12

Page 278




Radio Thresholds

13

Displays a table of every radio threshold settings


Radio Traffic Capacity/Throughput

14

The Capacity PM Table page displays Radio Ethernet Capacity in Mbps for either radio for 15 minutes or 24 hours intervals

Page 279




Radio Traffic - Utilization

15

The Throughput PM Table page displays Radio Ethernet Throughput in Mbps for either radio for 15 minutes or 24 hours intervals


Radio Traffic - Frame error rate

16

The Frame error rate PM Table page displays Radio Frame error rate for either radio for 15 minutes or 24 hours intervals

Page 280




Header Compression counters

17

Performance Monitoring Ethernet Services

Page 281




ETH PM RMON

19


PM RMON Special Registers

20

RMON register / Counter Description

Undersize frames received Frames shorter than 64 bytes

Oversize frames received Frames longer than 2000 bytes

Jabber frames received Total frames received with a length of more than 2000 bytes,

but with an invalid FCS

Fragments frames received Total frames received with a length of less than 64

bytes, and an invalid FCS

Rx error frames received Total frames received with Phy‐error

FCS frames received Total frames received with CRC error, not countered in

"Fragments", "Jabber" or "Rx error" counters

Pause frames received Number of flow‐control pause frames received

Page 282




Troubleshooting with RMON: Oversized frames

21

When ingress frames exceed the maximum frame size, RMON counter Oversized frames received

is updated accordingly

Tagged Frames with frame

size > 2000 bytes

T AT T

Site BSite A


Troubleshooting with RMON: Discarding Example

22

Discarding Examples:

Ingress rate > Rate Limiter

Ingress frames do not qualify to Policer rules

Ingress traffic does not

comply to Policer rules

T AT T

Site BSite A

Page 283




Troubleshooting with RMON: Monitoring specific

traffic types

23

Video streams are generally transmitted over UDP

with multicast addresses

To monitor traffic, check out the Multicast Frames

Received register

To limit MC traffic, assign a Policer with a MC CIR

rules

T T

Site BSite A

Monitor

Rate Limiter


Ethernet TX / RX PM - Enabling

24

Enable Tx / RX Performance collection for specific Ethernet / Radio Port

It will enable TX and RX Performance collection

Page 284




Ethernet TX / RX PM

25

Performance based on 15 min and 24 hours


Ethernet TX / RX PM View / Threshold window

26

Page 285



Performance Monitoring TDM Services


TDM Line Alarms

28

An example: Line alarms number 1040 = ( 10000010000 ) = 1024 + 16

It means that 1024 is Transceiver Loss of Multi-frame and 16 is Transceiver AIS alarm

Page 286




TDM port PMs Table

29

Loopbacks

Page 287




RFU RF Loopback

31

RFU RF LB

IF LB


TDM Loopback

32

Page 288




Ethernet Loopback

33

Select port and click to Loopback button


Ethernet Loopback Setting

34

Enable Swapping MAC addresses

Enable admin status

Page 289



Thank You

Page 290



Version 1

Synchronous Ethernet

December 2014


Agenda

2

Synchronization in General

Jitter

Synchronization Effect

Concept of Synchronization in IP-20

Implementation

T3 Input & T4 output

SSM and ESMC

Sync E Clocks types

Synchronization modes of operation

Synchronization example

IP-20G Synchronization Settings

Page 333



Version 1

Cascading port

December 2014


Agenda

2

Hybrid TDM + Eth Concept

Configuration of Cascading port

Page 363




Hybrid (TDM + Eth) services over IP-20N cascading port

3

Cascading interfaces can be configured on ports 3 and 4 of an Ethernet LIC.

When operating in cascading mode, these interfaces can handle hybridEthernet and Native TDM traffic, enabling operators to create links among

multiple IP-20 units in a node for multi-directional applications based on hybrid

Ethernet and Native or Pseudowire TDM services


Configuration 1st Auto negotiation - OFF

4

Cascading ports

Page 364




Configuration 2nd Cascading Port Configuration

5

Cascading ports


Configuration 3rd Configure service

6

Create service point for Cascading Interface

Management or Pipe service point

Page 365




Configuration 4th Configure TDM Trail

7

Configure required TDM Trail by using cascading port


Configuration 5th Configure Ethernet Service

8

Configure Ethernet Service where Cascading port will be one Service point with

specific Interface type and C & S-VLAN encapsulation

Page 366



Thank You

Page 367



Version 3

Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)

December 2014


Agenda

2

Link Aggregation Introduction

LAG Advantages

LAG mechanism

Page 373




Introduction to Link Aggregation

3

IEEE Definition:

Link Aggregation allows one or more links to be aggregated

together to form a Link Aggregation Group, such that a MAC

Client can treat the Link Aggregation Group as if it were a

single link

The Link Aggregation Group is consisting of N parallelinstances of full duplex point-to-point links operating at the

same data rate

Traffic sent to the ports in such a group is distributed through aload balancing function

N


Link Aggregation Groups (LAG)Link aggregation (LAG) enables users to group several physical interfaces into

a single logical interface bound to a single MAC address. This logical interface

is known as a LAG group. Traffic sent to the interfaces in a LAG group is

distributed by means of a load balancing function. IP-20N uses a distribution

function of up to Layer 4 in order to generate the most efficient distribution

among the LAG physical ports, taking into account:

MAC DA and MAC SA

IP DA and IP SA

C-VLAN

S-VLAN

Layer 3 Protocol Field

UDP/TCP Source Port and Destination Port

MPLS Label

Page 374




LAG

5

LAG can be used to provide redundancy for Ethernet interfaces, both on the

same card (line protection) and on separate cards (line protection andequipment protection). LAGs can also be used to provide redundancy for radiolinks.

LAG can also be used to aggregate several interfaces in order to create a wider(aggregate) Ethernet link. For example, LAG can be used to create a 4 Gbpschannel.

Up to four LAG groups can be created.

LAG groups can include interfaces with the following constraints:

Only physical interfaces (including radio interfaces), not logical interfaces,can belong to a LAG group.

Interfaces can only be added to the LAG group if no services or servicepoints are attached to the interface.

Any classification rules defined for the interface are overridden by theclassification rules defined for the LAG group.

When removing an interface from a LAG group, the removed interface isassigned the default interface values.

IP-20N enables users to select the LAG members without limitations, such asinterface speed and interface type. Proper configuration of a LAG group is theresponsibility of the user.

Advantages

Page 375




1. Increased aggregate bandwidth

Link Aggregation allows the establishment of full duplex point-to-point links

that have a higher aggregate bandwidth than the individual links that form the

aggregation.

The capacity of the multiple links is combined into one logical link.

100 Mbps

Benefits of using Link Aggregation

7


2. Improved Resiliency

In case of a failed link, remaining links take over utilization of new available BW

Traffic via LAG is distributed according to user s policy improved reliability

8


Page 376




3. Reduced Complexity & Administration

When multiple ports are allocated between two ETH switches, broadcast storms are

created due to physical loops. STP is required to eliminate loops by blocking the redundant

port.

When multiple ports are allocated between 2 Routers, Routing Protocols are required to

control traffic paths.

With LA STP or routing protocols are not needed, therefore, less processing is involved.

STP requires blocking and

path cost calculations

9



4. Reduced Cost

Instead of utilizing an expensive GbE port(s) to transport 200Mbps

>> we trunk N x FE ports

10


Page 377



Documents

Handbook - FibeAir IP-20G Advanced Training Course T8.0 ver1.pdf