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Green Infrastructure
in the Merseybelt –
catalysing growth,
transforming land and
sustaining ecosystems
Francis Hesketh CMLI – Partner, TEP
April 27th 2010
Collective of;
open spaces,
public places,
rivers & coast,
farmland,
woodlands,
natural elements
&
Gardens.
All we call our
“outdoor
environment”
Green Infrastructure Resource
Green Infrastructure Assets:
Particular areas of land and water, which
by virtue of use, location or intrinsic value
serve one or more functions of public
benefit. Multifunctionality is generally
desirable
Green Infrastructure Functions
Stimulating sport & recreation;
Improving health;
Sustaining biodiversity;
Protecting soil, water & natural resources;
Buffering extreme weather events
Providing a comfortable urban environment;
Creating distinctive settings;
Improving coast and river water quality;
Sustaining cultural and historical places;
Stimulating business and regeneration;
Creating meeting points for cohesive societies;
Inspiring community environmental stewardship;
Maintaining productive rural and urban landscapes
Sustaining jobs in the natural/visitor economy
Life or Death
Issues
C21 Resilience
Quality of Life
Issues
Planning for Green Infrastructure at a
range of spatial scales
Neighbourhood Scale
Street Trees / Home Zones
Roof Gardens (& Green Roofs?)
Pocket Parks
Collective / Private (?) Gardens
Urban Plazas
Village Greens
Local Rights of Way
Dedicated Gardens / Cemeteries
Institutional Open Spaces
Ponds & small woodlands
Play Areas
Local Nature Reserves
Town / City Scale
City Parks
Urban Canals & Waterways
Green Networks
Multi-user routes
Urban Commons
Forest Parks
Country Parks / Estates
Continuous waterfront
Municipal / Cathedral Plazas
Lakes
Major recreational spaces
Landmarks & Vistas & Gateways
City-regional Scale
Regional Parks
Rivers & floodplains
Shoreline & Waterfront
Strategic & Long-distance Trails
Major (>100ha?) woodlands
Community Forests
Open Access Sites
Landmarks & Vistas
Reservoirs
Environmental Management
Initiatives
Strategic Corridors & Gateways
Strategic Scale
Coastline Management
Planning
Cross-boundary green
networks
Strategic River Catchment
Plans
National Trails & Destinations
Strategic Infrastructure
corridors
Behavioural & Societal
Change
We will make our cities
sustainable by a few major
projects and a thousand
and one small changes
From Low N. Sustainable Cities
GI in UK Policy Context 2000-09
GI in UK Policy Context
Planning Policy Statements (1 & 12; 7, 9, 22, 25)
Draft Planning Policy Statements on “planning for a healthy natural environment” & “planning for a low-carbon future in a changing climate” (Open for consultation till June 2010)
PPS4 – Planning for sustainable economic growth – defined in terms of environment. Includes DM policy for high standards of environmental design
Case Studies
Case Study: Oldham Metrolink & A62
Corridor
Location: Victoria Station to M60
Long-term physical regeneration: new Metrolink, New East
Manchester housing renewal, Central Business Park, Eastlands,
Sportcity, Velodrome, Housing and Schools PFIs
Social Needs and Environmental stress-points: Poor health,
image, deprivation, potential heat island effects, local flooding
and brownfield contamination are significant drags on the area’s
self-esteem and investment potential
Long-term investment in GI: NEWLANDS (Moston Vale &
Moston Brook), Medlock Valley, Phillips Park, Rochdale Canal,
Green Streets, community projects
Insert Green Infrastructure plan for the area
(still to be drawn up)
Case Study: Roch Valley
Case study: Oxford Rd Corridor Manchester
By 2020, the Corridor will generate
£4.7bn GVA (from £2.8bn now).
22,000 jobs created.
“Such ambitious targets rely on the
Corridor Partnership enabling
development opportunities – our
businesses demand exceptional
facilities and will want to locate in an
area that demonstrates investment
and a commitment to excellence”
Environment & public realm
recognised as critical economic drivers
to attract businesses, grow GVA and
create a liveable centre, adapted to
climate change
Strong leadership is attracting £m
funds for green infrastructure in the
public realm
Need for leadership and skills during
GI delivery phase
Case Study:
Transforming EstatesPriory Green (Peabody Trust, London)
“The Red Rose Forest’s Green
Streets programme has
transformed neighbourhoods
through street and garden tree-
planting.
Not only has the area been
improved visually, but the activity
has brought people together in a
way that will really benefit the
community.
Although this is not the sort of
thing that NWDA are known for
funding, it hits all our targets for
cohesive communities,
transformed neighbourhoods and
new skills”
Joe Dwek, NWDA Environment
Board member
Case Study: Green Streets
“Urban areas can be exciting and fulfilling places to
live. Compact urban areas can also offer significant
environmental advantages such as public transport
and efficient energy systems …..
PUSH Green Infrastructure Strategy: Research Phase
G
“Urban areas may experience environmental
problems within their own boundaries.
Tackling these problems not only benefits the
environment but improves the health and
wellbeing of citizens and should be seen as central
to economic viability by making towns and cities
more attractive places to live and work”
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution – March 2007http://www.rcep.org.uk/urban/report/urb_env_summary.pdf
Growth of the Merseybelt as a world-class place
includes Chester, Dee valley, Weaver & mid-Cheshire, Pennine/Peak
uplands, Manchester’s Pennine towns, Wigan & West Lancashire
1 We are ready for sustainable economic growth – defined as
“growth that can be sustained and is within environmental limits, but also
enhances environmental and social welfare and avoids greater extremes in
future economic cycles” (PPS4)
2 NWDA’s Atlantic Gateway concept makes the case for growth in
precisely these terms.
3 Let’s translate this aspiration into an agreed approach for the
environment of the Merseybelt.
4 Lets advocate the role of the Community Forest partnerships in
delivering this aspiration
The Thames
Gateway..
..what can we learn for the
Merseybelt’s green
infrastructure plans?
Merseybelt’s Green Infrastructure – catalysing
growth, transforming land and sustaining ecosystems
A statement of ambition and intent…..
We have the green infrastructure resources to sustain growth
We have the knowledge, the partnerships and the track record to
deliver green infrastructure for multiple benefits
We have the environmental and spatial capacity for growth
We can grow in a way that enhances and transforms the environment;
and improves opportunity and health in our deprived areas
Like any other infrastructure, green infrastructure needs continual
investment
We will continue to invest in green infrastructure and people who care
for their neighbourhoods – and we continue to seek the support of our
leaders in this investment.
Introductory slide - logo soup & title
URS Corporation
WXY Studio
West 8
Urban Practitioners
Barnes Walker
Creative Concern
Mersey BioregionScenario One
Scenario graphic - Innovation Axis
Innovation AxisScenario Two
Mersey PlaygroundsScenario Three
Landscape: adaptedPotential outcomes
Hartshead Power StationPossible signature project
Signature project - Irwell City Park
Irwell City ParkPossible signature project
Signature project - Mosslands Carbon Bank
Mosslands Carbon BankPossible signature project
Signature project - Lower Gowy Marshes
Lower Gowy MarshesPossible signature project
Signature project - The Dream, St Helens
The Dream, St HelensPossible signature project
Signature project - Greening Fiddlers Ferry
Greening Fiddlers FerryPossible signature project
Upper Mersey Valley Forest ParkPossible signature project
Signature project - Liverpool Riverlands
Liverpool RiverlandsPossible signature project
Kings Dock ParkPossible signature project
Signature project - The Mersey Observatory
Mersey ObservatoryPossible signature project
Signature project - Bromborough Pool
Bromborough PoolPossible signature project
Agriculture, food and productivitySignature theme
Signature theme - coppicing, food waste, energy
Energy, biomass, wasteSignature theme
DIY DownshiftersSignature themeSignature theme
Access, proximity and connectivitySignature themeSignature theme
Signature theme - greening the city
Greening the CitySignature theme
Health & wellbeingSignature theme
Valuing Green Infrastructure
Developing a Toolbox
Bruce Bendell
Green Infrastructure for the
Mersey Belt
Presentation structure
1. Background
2. The GI valuation Toolbox
3. Dissemination and further work
Presentation structure
1. Background
2. The GI valuation Toolbox
3. Dissemination and further work
Background
Consortium led by TV JSU and NENW, involving
4 RDAs (NE, NW, YF + AWM) +LDA, the
Northern Way, Defra, Natural England, CABE
Running through 2009 – completion mid 2010
Main output – Toolbox of GI valuation tools,
tested on real projects
1. Background
2. The GI Toolbox
3. Dissemination and further work
GI Toolbox –
Target audience and purpose
Non-specialist project developers and promoters to help make
the development or funding case for GI + project appraisers and
potential investors
Aid decision-making on investments in environmental projects as
part of wider mainstream economic development investment
Self-contained, single resource balancing best available
approaches and simplicity - set of usable, pragmatic valuation tools
– the ‘Toolbox’
Living set of Tools – can evolve over time and help point the way
to further research
Green Infrastructure - Building Natural Value for Sustainable Economic Development
Valuation Toolbox - User Guide Draft V4.5
April 2010
GI Valuation Toolbox - What is it?
Toolbox User Guide describing benefits, valuation techniques
and ‘state of the art’ (and of the ‘possible’)
Qualitative, quantitative and monetisable
Spreadsheet based input / output model
Calculates the monetised, and summarises the non-
monetised, public and private sector benefit values for a
given GI investment
NPV basis over the expected life of the GI investment
GI Toolbox:
The 11 GI Benefit streams
Groups benefits in a way
which is understandable for
potential funders who may
be interested only in one or
more of the benefits.
Not perfect – overlaps and
gaps – but using as the
framework for shaping the
Toolbox
*(adapted from NENW/ECOTEC/AMION)
1. Climate change adaptation/mitigation
2. Water management/flooding
3. Quality of place
4. Health and Wellbeing
5. Land and property values
6. Investment
7. Labour productivity
8. Tourism impacts
9. Recreation and Leisure
10. Biodiversity
11. Land managment
Research, anecdotal
evidence, case studies,
departmental appraisal
tools, assertions,
received wisdom
etc etc....INTO THIS
GETTING THE BEST OF
ALL THIS...
GI Toolbox – Developing tools
TOOLBOX
Benefit Group 1:
Climate Change
Benefit Group 2:
Flood Alleviation
Benefit Group 3:
Quality of Place
GI Toolbox – How does it work?
Standard valuation techniques for assessing
the potential benefits provided by a project,
drawing on:
1. ‘Scientific values’ eg run-off coefficients
2. ‘Market values’, eg price of energy, carbon
3. ‘Benefit transfer values’ eg recreational
user values
Benefits assessed in terms of the functions
the GI may perform, support or encourage,
depending on the type of project envisaged.
Significant use of Benefits Transfer
approach – using evidence of benefits
derived from similar circumstances
“A greater use of benefits transfer is
seen to be the key to the more
practical use of environmental
values in policy making……”
[p.38, Defra 2007]
GI Toolbox – Getting from GI
intervention to benefit value
EVAPO-
TRANSPIRATION
CARBON
SEQUESTRATION
PARTICULATE
FILTERING
GI OUTPUT /
INTERVENTION
GI FUNCTION GI BENEFIT GI VALUE (£)
CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION -
URBAN COOLING
CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION
IMPROVED AIR
QUALITY
£ REDUCED
AIRCONDITIONING
COSTS/HEALTH
£ MARKET VALUE
OF CO2 STORED
£ REDUCED
HEALTH COSTS
GI Toolbox – VFM Testing GI PROJECT:PUBLIC SECTOR PROJECT
COSTS
1. GI project investment
(capital) Description Funding source Gross Total
1.Insert GI component 0 Insert source £0
2.Insert GI component 0 Insert source £0
3.Insert GI component 0 Insert source £0
4.Insert GI component 0 Insert source £0
5.Insert GI component 0 Insert source £0
Sub-total capital investment
(gross) £0
2. GI recurring maintenance
investment (revenue)
1.Insert management proposal Insert source £0
Sub-total capital investment
(revenue) £0
TOTAL PUBLIC SECTOR
COSTS Gross investment £0
NPV investment £0
BENEFIT GROUPS GI TOOLBOX BENEFITS
NPV Economic Value (of
interest to RDAs, BIS,
CLG)
NPV Economic Value (of
interest to others)
1a Climate Change Adaptation
Tool 1.1: Energy cost savings - heating reductions £0.00
Tool 1.2: Saving in carbon emissions from energy savings
associated with Tool 1.1 £0.00
Tool 1.4: Reductions in peak summer surface temperatures; (potential
estimate of GVA impact)£0.00
Tool 1.5: Energy savings in use of building air conditioning £0.00
Tool 1.6: Saving in carbon emissions from energy savings associated with
Tool 1.5 £0.00
1b Climate Change Mitigation Tool 1.7: Market value of carbon stored and sequestered in woodland and
forests £0.00
2Water management & Flood
Alleviation
Tool 2.1: Avoided energy costs and carbon emissions from reduced water
treatment£0.00
Tool 2.2: Avoided cost of water treatment - residential and commercial
surface water drainage - savings to home owners and businesses£0.00
3 Quality of place
Tool 3.1: Landscape / amenity of land uses (application of average values
for given land use typology) OR£0.00
Tool 3.2 Estimate of the willingness to pay for a view of urban green space,
characterised by a mixture of woodland interspersed with open space.£0.00
4 Health & Well-being
Tool 4.2: Calculation of reduction in mortality rates from take-up of moderate
physical exercise through walking or cycling; OR£0.00
Tool 4.7: Calculation of savings from other pollution control measures taken
to prevent sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10 emissions£0.00
5 Land & Property ValuesTool 5.1: Residential land and property uplift within 450 metres of park /
open space£0.00
7 Labour Productivity Tool 7.3: Cost saving to business through reduced absenteeism £0.00
8 Tourism Impacts Tool 8.1: Tourism expenditure; jobs supported and GVA £0.00
9 Recreation & leisure Tool 9.1: Recreational value / use of the GI asset by the local population £0.00
10 Biodiversity Tool 10.1: WTP for protection or enhancement of biodiversity £0.00
11Land management & products
from the landTool 11.2: Employment supported £0.00
12 OTHER £0.00
TOTAL PUBLIC SECTOR BENEFIT
VALUE Gross Benefit value (over 50 yrs) £172.80 £0.00
NPV Benefit Value £137.32 £0.00
VALUE FOR MONEY TEST OVERALL GROSS BENEFIT OR COST -£172.80
OVERALL NET BENEFIT OR COST
(NPV) -£137.32
Spreadsheet
summary output –
NPV of costs and
benefits
Presented with
other quantifiable
(but non-
monetisable)
benefits to make
the case......
Monetisable and non-monetisable
benefits, GVA and TEV
Capital cost
Ongoing maintenance
cost - NPV
Monetisable
‘GVA’ benefits,
for RDA, CLG
BIS etc VFM
case making.
NPV
Monetisable
Other economic
benefits – eg wtp
for recreation,
Biodiversity NPV
Non-monetisable
benefits
COSTS £ ‘GVA’ £ TEV £ WIDER CASE £ +
Target for
benefits
GI benefits and Ecosystem Services
– compatibility of approaches
PROVISIONING
SERVICES
REGULATING
SERVICES
CULTURAL
SERVICES
SUPPORTING
SERVICES
Land management and
products, (biodiversity)
Climate change,
Flood alleviationRecreation and leisure,
Tourism, Quality of
place
Health and Wellbeing, Labour Productivity,
Land and property values
(Sustainable Economic) Growth and Investment
GI B
EN
EF
ITS
11
BE
NE
FIT
S
NE
NW
/EC
OT
EC
MIL
LE
NN
IUM
EC
OS
YS
TE
M
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
GI functions and valuation
PROVISIONING
SERVICES
REGULATING
SERVICES
CULTURAL
SERVICES
SUPPORTING
SERVICES
Land management and
products, (biodiversity)
Climate change,
Flood alleviationRecreation and leisure,
Tourism, Quality of
place
Health and Wellbeing, Labour Productivity,
Land and property values
(Sustainable Economic) Growth and Investment
GI B
EN
EF
ITS
11
BE
NE
FIT
S
NE
NW
/EC
OT
EC
MIL
LE
NN
IUM
EC
OS
YS
TE
M
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
NUMBER OF USERS?
DEMAND
ESTIMATION
BENEFIT TRANSFER +
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
APPLIED TO LOCAL
CIRCUMSTANCES
Key issues
Beneficiaries/users – baseline and demand
estimation essential (for recreation, tourism,
health, labour productivity)
Scientific research developing (eg adaptation)
but not complete
Recognise this is a new area – techniques will
develop BUT
Some areas likely to remain out of reach –
investment and quality of place
1. Background
2. The GI valuation Toolbox
3. Dissemination and further work
Toolbox launch and dissemination
Toolbox and Guidance Note made generally available
after testing on London, Liverpool and Tees Valley
projects.
Opportunity to mainstream with RDAs and other
public agencies.
Looking for host for Toolbox – website and continuous
development (open source)
Launch through relevant seminars, conferences etc
Timing – May 2010
Improves consideration of:
GI benefits for the funding of economic development
projects +
Wider benefits of environmental funding streams
Brings together monetised & non-monetised tools eg for
Quality of Place and Quality of Life benefits of GI
Provides delivery tools for GI in the Single Regional
Strategies currently being drafted
Links ecosystem services with those that benefit, for
funders to better consider investments
Contributes to the repositioning of GI in relation to
sustainable economic recovery
Summary – Toolbox application
Community Forests Adapting the Landscape
Paul Nolan, The Mersey Forest and Community Forests Northwest
Community Forests Northwest
Forests Identified in Adapting the Landscape
“These areas can be enhanced to build onexisting work by the Community Forests to provide a series of products and acts as leisure and recreation destinations.”
This study seeks to build upon the many key initiatives set in place –such as the Community Forests – and set out a coherent framework.
“This would build off of existing resourcesand efforts, such as Red Rose Forest in the Greater Manchester area and Mersey Forest in the Liverpool area, which are the two largest Community Forests in England.”
As is Green Infrastructure
Priorities: Initiatives and Exemplars
Green The Cities -Green and blue the edges Reengage the land ?Revalue the landConnect the dots Build on innovationTurn Weakness into strength
Green Infrastruture
The region’s life support system –The network of natural
environmental components and green and blue spaces that lies within and between the North West’s cities, towns and villages
which provides multiple social, economic and environmental benefits.
RSS Policy EM3NW GI Guide (2007)
Experience
•Partnership•Land •Communities• Delivery•Funding
Thinking and doing
Planning Ahead Delivery now
Adapting the landscape Themes
energy
Play
Business and Lifestyle
So What ?
Supposing….
That highlighted our partnershipThat linked well with our plansFor which we have a track record of deliveryOf some of the things the plan aspires toWhere we could use our resources even betterAnd assist “thinking” as well as doing
What would we do?
TalkCollaborate
DO
Thank You
Sharing Information to Develop a Comprehensive Land
Transformation for the Mersey Belt
• Need robust information to guide our planning and make the case for resources.
• Much information has been gathered over recent years but rarely across an area as wide as Mersey Belt
• Parallel workshop is focussing on plans and strategies - obviously these area grade into each other but will try to focus on information
Land information can be relevant at range of levels:
• Local
• District
• Cross-boundary
• Sub regional
• Mersey Belt
Need to gather at smallest scale and filter depending on the target audience
Questions to answer
• What information do we need to gather – and what have we already got?
• How consistent or complete is the information ?
• How should we gather the information and check it for compatibility?
Economic Benefits of
Green Infrastructure
Climate Change Adaptation &
Mitigation Flood Alleviation and Water
Management
Quality of Place
Health and Well-being
Economic Growth and Investment
Land and Property Values
Labour Productivity
Products from the Land
Land and Biodiversity
Recreation and Leisure
Tourism
Adapting The Landscape
• Connection
• Business
• Lifestyle
• Play
• Creativity
• Foof
• Environment
• Energy
