GIS Overview

What is GIS?

GIS (Geographic Information System): computer information system that can input, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced (spatial) data to support decision making processes.

Tools for a GIS• Hardware

- Computer- Printer / Plotter - Digitizer- Scanner

• GIS Desktop Software (ESRI, Inc. – ArcView)• CAD Software (AutoDesk - AutoCAD)• Multimedia (Photos, Video, 3D Models)• World Wide Web (ESRI, Inc. – ARCIMS)• Personnel

GIS Data Sources Digitized and Scanned Maps

• purchased, donated, free (Internet)• created by user

Data Bases – Tables of data GPS – Global Positioning System

• accurate locations Field Sampling of Attributes Remote Sensing & Aerial

Photography

Conventional Information Systems • Answer the following questions:

- Who ?- What ?- When ?- Why ?- How ?

GIS answers the following• Location: What is at...?

• Condition: Where is it?

• Trends: What has changed since...?

• Patterns: What spatial patterns exist?

• Modeling: What if…?

Exploring data using GIS turns data into information into knowledge

Data Data Data• Location Data

How Many? – What Kind? – Where?

• Scale of Data Global to Local

• Data Presentation Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, Maps, Photos

Databases• Not easy to interpret

Visualizing DataA picture is worth a thousand words

GIS Data Raster Images - grids

• “pixels”• a location and value• satellite images and aerial photos

Vector - grids• Features: points, lines & polygons• Attributes: size, type, length, etc.

“Layers” of GIS InformationMunicipalities

“Layers” of GIS InformationCensus Tracts

“Layers” of GIS InformationLakes and Rivers

“Layers” of GIS InformationPolluting Companies

“Layers” of GIS InformationSchools

Maps and Databases are Interactive

GIS Connects Graphics to Data

Maps and Databases are Interactive

Queries and Restrictions

GIS Turns Data into InformationA picture is worth a thousand words

GIS Analyzes Information

GIS Examples

World and Country Level

State Level

Township Level

State level analysis results indicated Transylvania County as the high risk area in terms of number of children per each HSDS,

County level analysis results indicated Brevard Township as the high risk area in terms of combined effect of young population density and HSDS density,

Township level analysis results indicated •4 different HSDS located at the southern region of Brevard Township as potential risk-producing areas,•2 public schools within 10 minute walking distance buffer of previously detected HSDS,•4 public water supply sources (PWSS) two of which may supply water to public schools and daycare centers,•A total of 2,593 people living within 10 minute walking distance of specified HSDS, and total of 506 people (between the ages of 0 and 17) within the same distance.

Conclusions

Obesity ResearchObjectives• To evaluate if the degree of pediatric obesity, assessed by

BMI Z scores, is related to proximity to fast food restaurants or distance from parks.

• To determine if the effectiveness of treatment of obesity is related to the following: age, gender, race/ethnicity, number of follow up visits, and proximity to the treatment center.

Design/Methods• Patient addresses (n=1,014) were mapped with GIS, and

then overlaid with parks, fast food locations, and additional layers including socioeconomic, political, school, and neighborhood districts.

• Distance buffers from the WMWC were created and overlaid with patient addresses and BMI Z score changes following treatment.

Travel Distances : Z Score Change (-.5 to -2.16), Total 38

Travel Distances: Z Score Change (.5 to 2.81) Total 8

Results

Proximity to the center was unrelated to success in BMI decreases

Results

• Of patients with moderate BMI decrease (Z score change > -0.5), 43.7% live within 600 feet of a park and 56.3% farther than1200 feet. Mean distance to fast food is 1.1 miles.•Of patients with moderate BMI increases (Z score change > 0.5), 16.7% live within 600 feet of a park and 83.3% farther than 1200 feet. Mean distance from fast food is .8 miles.

Patient Locations Compared to Fast Food and Parks

Property Value and Street Trees

An Analysis of the City of Pittsburgh Neighborhoods, 2009

City of Pittsburgh NeighborhoodsResidential Sales, 2009

Note: white areas indicate no salesSource: Allegheny County

Average Sale Price by Neighborhood

City of Pittsburgh Neighborhoods and Street Trees, 2009

Number of Trees per Neighborhood

Source: Friends of the Pittsburgh Urban Forest

Property Sales Compared to Number of Trees per Block

A “High Risk” Poverty IndexGeospatial Analysis Methods for the Greater Pittsburgh Community Food Bank

Heinz College: School of Public Policy & Management

Brandon C. Loughery, MAMKristen Kurland, Faculty Advisor

Larry Hokaj, Chief Technology Officer GPCFM

Spring 2009

IntroductionThere are three project objectives:

•Provide background information to use additional geospatial information systems (GIS) technology for evaluation and predictive processes

•Gain a more thorough understanding of the communities GPCFB serves.

•Create and implement a delimited index to help identify populations that need the Food Bank’s services the most.

Poverty Variables•Householders in renter-occupied housing with income below the poverty level who receive public assistance income

•Total number of the youth population 18 years and younger, by block group, who live at or below the poverty line

•Total number of elderly population 65 years and older, by block group, who live at or below the poverty line

•Total number of families, by block group, who have a female household head (no husband present) with related children under 18 years of age

•The number of elderly population 65 years and older with income below the poverty level and a disability

•Total number of families who have a female household head (no husband present) where the household head worked full-time, year round in 1999 and lived below the poverty level

•The total number of adults over the age of 18 with no high school diploma

*The variables are taken directly from the Sample File 3 (SF 3) sample population data from the U.S. Census.

“High Risk” Poverty Areas1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Contour Line ≥ 9

Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk

GPCFB Program Locations and High Risk Poverty Areas1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk

FIGURE 3 Buffer Zone around “High Risk” Poverty Areas1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk

1,500’ Buffer Zone

TABLE 1: Total “High Risk” GPCFB Member Agencies (Raster Value of 12)

Agency Name Shipping Address Agency Type Raster ValueAction-Housing-Youthbuild 2237 East Hills Drive SENIOR 12Addison Terrace Resident FP 2136 Elmore Square PANTRY 12BTC Center Inc. 7241 Race Street PANTRY 12Bedford Dwellings Food Pantry 2305 Bedford Avenue PANTRY 12Bedford Dwellings Afterschool 2217 Bedford Avenue SCHOOL 12East Hills High Rise 2360 Bracey Drive PANTRY 12FFC-Addison Afterschool Prog. 2136 Elmore Square SCHOOL 12Good Samaritan COGIC FP 1030 N. Lang Avenue PANTRY 12Good Samaritan COGIC OS 1030 N. Lang Avenue SOUP KITCHEN 12Second East Hills Afterschool 2291 Wilner Drive SCHOOL 12St. Clair Emergency Food Ctr 930 Cresswell Street PANTRY 12St. Clair Em. Afterschool Prog 930 Cresswell Street SCHOOL 12Addison Terrace Farm Stand 2136 Elmore Square NONMEM 12Bedford Dwellings Farm Stand 2411 Bedford Ave. NONMEM 12Northview Heights Comm Pantry 101 Hazlett Street PANTRY 12Northview Heights After School 101 Hazlett Street SCHOOL 12The NorthShore Commun. Allianc 816 Tripoli Street SENIOR 12The NorthShore Commun. Allianc 816 Tripoli Street PANTRY 12

TABLE 2: Total “Low Risk” GPCFB Member Agency (Raster Value of 1)

Member Agency Name Shipping Address Agency Type Raster ValueCircle C - Patak House 1105 Island Avenue GROUP HOME 1Estelle Cambell Boys & Girls 4600 Butler Str SCHOOL 1Glen Hazel Tenant Council 948 Johnston Avenue PANTRY 1Hazelwood YMCA Child Care FP 4713 Chatsworth Avenue PANTRY 1Hazelwood YMCA Child Care O/S 4713 Chatsworth Avenue SCHOOL 1Salvation Army-Social Service 1323 Forbes Avenue PANTRY 1Salvation Army-West Side 1821 Broadhead Fording Road PANTRY 1Salvation Army-West Side A/S 1821 Broadhead Fording Road SCHOOL 1Shepherd's Heart Fellowship 13 Pride Street GROUP HOME 1SIDS of PA 810 River Avenue PANTRY 1Smithfield United Presbyterian 620 Smithfield Street PANTRY 1S.O.A.R. - Bethlehem Haven 1323 Forbes Avenue GROUP HOME 1Squirrel Hill Food Pantry 5842 Forward Avenue PANTRY 1St. Catherine of Siena Church 1907 Broadway Avenue PANTRY 1Tadiso Incorporated 1425 Beaver Avenue SOUP KITCHEN 1Youth Places/Tides Center 2934 Smallman Street SCHOOL 1Hazelwood YMCA Farm Stand 4713 Chatsworth Avenue NONMEM 1Lincoln Place Church of the Na 114 W. Eugene Avenue PANTRY 1Lynn Williams 3710 Brighton Road PANTRY 1Miryam's 1410 Fifth Avenue GROUP HOME 1Most Holy Name Church 1700 Harpster Street GROUP HOME 1Renaissance Ctr-Liberty Place 955 Liberty Place SOUP KITCHEN 1Safe Haven 8701 Bricelyn Street SCHOOL 1Seton Brookline Farmstand 1900 Pioneer Avenue NONMEM 1

TABLE 3: Variable Data Summary

Risk Factor Sum MeanStandard Deviation

Householders in renter-occupied housing with income below the poverty level who receive public assistance income 4,329 23.92 34.53Total number of the youth population 18 years and younger, by block group, who live at or below the poverty line 81,713 200.28 141.32Total number of elderly population 65 years and older, by block group, who live at or below the poverty line 65,843 161.38 100.16Total number of families, by block group, who have a female household head (no husband present) with related children under 18 years of age 7558 18.52 39.15The number of elderly population 65 years and older with income below the poverty level and a disability 4,590 25.36 23.53Total number of families who have a female household head (no husband present) where the household head worked full-time, year round in 1999 and lived below the poverty level 886 4.90 9.19The total number of adults over the age of 18 with no high school diploma 47,533 262.61 197.90

High Risk Poverty Index Results by Neighborhood

ESRI To learn more, visit: http://www.esri.com/industries.html