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Geophysical Prospecting EAGE OF (; EOSCIE:-ITISTS & 1, I\GIl\I , ERS Geophysical Prospecting doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.01052.x Large-scale 3D inversion of potential field data Martin Cuma 1 *, Glenn A. Wilson 2 and Michael S. Zhdanov 3 1 Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, 155 South, 1452 East, Room 405, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA and Technolmaging, 4001 South, 700 East, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA, 2Technolmaging, 4001 South, 700 East, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA, 3 Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 115 South, 1460 East, Room 383, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA and Technolmaging, 4001 South, 700 East, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA. Received July 2011, revision accepted November 2011 1 INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT Inversion of gravity and/or magnetic data attempts to recover the density and/or magnetic susceptibility distribution in a 3D earth model for subsequent geological interpretation. This is a challenging problem for a number of reasons. First, airborne gravity and magnetic surveys are characterized by very large data volumes. Second, the 3D modelling of data from large-scale surveys is a computationally challenging problem. Third, gravity and magnetic data are finite and noisy and their inversion is ill posed so regularization must be introduced for the recovery of the most geologically plausible solutions from an infinite number of mathematically equivalent solutions. These difficulties and how they can be addressed in terms of large-scale 3D potential field inversion are discussed in this paper. Since potential fields are linear, they lend themselves to full parallelization with near-linear scaling on modern parallel com- puters. Moreover, we exploit the fact that an instrument's sensitivity (or footprint) is considerably smaller than the survey area. As multiple footprints superimpose them- selves over the same 3D earth model, the sensitivity matrix for the entire earth model is constructed. We use the re-weighted regularized conjugate gradient method for minimizing the objective functional and incorporate a wide variety of regularization options. We demonstrate our approach with the 3D inversion of 1743 line km of FALCON gravity gradiometry and magnetic data acquired over the Timmins district in Ontario, Canada. Our results are shown to be in good agreement with independent interpretations of the same data . Key words: Footprint, Inversion, Parallelization. Reliance on desktop computing has limited the use of 3D potential field inversion, making it impractical to achieve an appropriate level of resolution and detail for geological in- terpretation of entire airborne surveys that are characterized by very large data volumes. Such surveys typically contain hundreds to thousands of line kilometres of data with mea- surement locations every few metres, covering thousands of square kilometres in an area. Regional surveys may be even larger and denser as the result of merging multiple and/or historic surveys. For large surveys, structural interpretations are usually based on a choice or combination of Euler decon- volution (e.g., Thompson 1982), eigenvector analysis (e .g., Beiki and Pedersen 2010), wavelet analysis (e .g., Hornby, Boschetti and Horowitz 1999), analytic signal (e.g., Salem and Ravat 2003; Beiki 2010), or depth-from-extreme-points (DEXP) methods (e.g., Fedi 2007). While such methods may provide information about the sources of the potential field, it is not immediately obvious how this information can be quantified in terms of the physical properties in a 3D earth *Email: [email protected] © 2012 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers 1

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Page 1: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

Geophysical Prospecting ~ EAGE ~~:(~(I:'Il~~'~O:-l OF (; EOSCIE:-ITISTS &

1, I\GIl\I , ERS

Geophysical Prospecting doi: 10.1111/j .1365-2478.2011.01052.x

Large-scale 3D inversion of potential field data

Martin Cuma 1 *, Glenn A. Wilson2 and Michael S. Zhdanov3

1 Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, 155 South, 1452 East, Room 405, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA and Technolmaging, 4001 South, 700 East, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA, 2Technolmaging, 4001 South, 700 East, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA, 3 Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 115 South, 1460 East, Room 383, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA and Technolmaging, 4001 South, 700 East, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA.

Received July 2011, revision accepted November 2011

1 INTRODUCTION

ABSTRACT

Inversion of gravity and/or magnetic data attempts to recover the density and/or

magnetic susceptibility distribution in a 3D earth model for subsequent geological

interpretation. This is a challenging problem for a number of reasons. First, airborne

gravity and magnetic surveys are characterized by very large data volumes. Second,

the 3D modelling of data from large-scale surveys is a computationally challenging

problem. Third, gravity and magnetic data are finite and noisy and their inversion is ill

posed so regularization must be introduced for the recovery of the most geologically

plausible solutions from an infinite number of mathematically equivalent solutions.

These difficulties and how they can be addressed in terms of large-scale 3D potential

field inversion are discussed in this paper. Since potential fields are linear, they lend

themselves to full parallelization with near-linear scaling on modern parallel com­

puters. Moreover, we exploit the fact that an instrument's sensitivity (or footprint) is

considerably smaller than the survey area. As multiple footprints superimpose them­

selves over the same 3D earth model, the sensitivity matrix for the entire earth model

is constructed. We use the re-weighted regularized conjugate gradient method for

minimizing the objective functional and incorporate a wide variety of regularization

options. We demonstrate our approach with the 3D inversion of 1743 line km of

FALCON gravity gradiometry and magnetic data acquired over the Timmins district

in Ontario, Canada. Our results are shown to be in good agreement with independent

interpretations of the same data.

Key words: Footprint, Inversion, Parallelization.

Reliance on desktop computing has limited the use of 3D

potential field inversion, making it impractical to achieve an

appropriate level of resolution and detail for geological in­

terpretation of entire airborne surveys that are characterized

by very large data volumes. Such surveys typically contain

hundreds to thousands of line kilometres of data with mea­

surement locations every few metres, covering thousands of

square kilometres in an area. Regional surveys may be even

larger and denser as the result of merging multiple and/or

historic surveys. For large surveys, structural interpretations

are usually based on a choice or combination of Euler decon­

volution (e.g., Thompson 1982), eigenvector analysis (e.g.,

Beiki and Pedersen 2010), wavelet analysis (e.g., Hornby,

Boschetti and Horowitz 1999), analytic signal (e.g., Salem

and Ravat 2003; Beiki 2010), or depth-from-extreme-points

(DEXP) methods (e.g., Fedi 2007). While such methods may

provide information about the sources of the potential field,

it is not immediately obvious how this information can be

quantified in terms of the physical properties in a 3D earth *Email: [email protected]

© 2012 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers 1

Page 2: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

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✵ ✹✺ ✻✼✺✽✾ ✿❀❂

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✏✌✓✘✌♣t t☛ t✑✌ ✸❉ ☞✌✔✓✒t✚ ✭❄✧ r✔☞ ♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ✓✙✓♣✌✘t✒s✒✍✒t✚ ✭❅✧

☞✒✓t✏✒s✙t✒☛✔✓ r✓ ✘✌✏ t✑✌ ❢✒✏✓t✲✗✒✔☞ ❋✏✌☞✑☛✍♠ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓❇

❯❃✭❏❑✧ ◆

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❑❳ ❏✧❄✭❏✧❛✈❳ ✭✶✧

❯❍✭❏❑✧ ◆

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❱❙❨✭❏

❑❳ ❏✧❅✭❏✧❛✈❳ ✭✷✧

✇✑✌✏✌ t✑✌ ✖☛✍✙♠✌ ✒✔t✌❣✏rt✒☛✔ ✒✓ ☛✖✌✏ t✑✌ ✖r✏✒rs✍✌✕ ❏ r✔☞ ✇✑✌✏✌

t✑✌ ✗✌✏✔✌✍ ❢✙✔♣t✒☛✔✓ ❙❃ r✔☞ ❙❍ r✏✌ t✑✌ ✏✌✓✘✌♣t✒✖✌ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ r✔☞

♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ✘☛t✌✔t✒r✍ ✛✏✌✌✔❬✓ ❢✙✔♣t✒☛✔✓✎ ❆✍✍ ♣☛♠✘☛✔✌✔t✓ ☛❢ t✑✌

❣✏r✖✒t✚ r✔☞ ♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ❢✒✌✍☞✓ ♣r✔ s✌ ☞✌✏✒✖✌☞ ❢✏☛♠ ✓✘rt✒r✍ ☞✒❢❢✌✏✲

✌✔t✒rt✒☛✔ ☛❢ ❙❃❭❍ ✒✔ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓ ✭✶✧ r✔☞ ✭✷✧✕ ✏✌✓✘✌♣t✒✖✌✍✚✎ ■❢ t✑✌

☞✌✔✓✒t✚ r✔☞ ✓✙✓♣✌✘t✒s✒✍✒t✚ r✏✌ ♣☛✔✓tr✔t ✒✔ ✌r♣✑ ♣✌✍✍✕ P☛✒✓✓☛✔❬✓

✏✌✍rt✒☛✔ ♣r✔ s✌ ✙✓✌☞ t☛ t✏r✔✓❢☛✏♠ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ☞rtr r✔☞ ✸❉ ☞✌✔✓✒t✚

♠☛☞✌✍✓ t☛ ♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ☞rtr r✔☞ ✸❉ ✓✙✓♣✌✘t✒s✒✍✒t✚ ♠☛☞✌✍✓ r✔☞

✖✒♣✌ ✖✌✏✓r ✭✌✎❣✎✕ ▲✒ r✔☞ ❖✍☞✌✔s✙✏❣ ✶✢✢✤✧✎ ✴✍☛✓✌☞✲❢☛✏♠ ✓☛✍✙✲

t✒☛✔✓ ❢☛✏ t✑✌ ✖☛✍✙♠✌ ✒✔t✌❣✏r✍✓ ✒✔ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓ ✭✶✧ r✔☞ ✭✷✧ ☛✖✌✏

✏✒❣✑t ✏✌♣tr✔❣✙✍r✏ ✘✏✒✓♠✓ ☛❢ ♣☛✔✓tr✔t ☞✌✔✓✒t✚ r✔☞♥☛✏ ✓✙✓♣✌✘t✒✲

s✒✍✒t✚ ✇✌✏✌ ☞✌✏✒✖✌☞ ❢☛✏ s☛t✑ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ✭✌✎❣✎✕ ❖✗rs✌ ✶✢❪✢✧ r✔☞

♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ✭✌✎❣✎✕ ❫✑rttr♣✑r✏✚✚r ✶✢✤✦✧ ❢✒✌✍☞✓✎ ✱✑✒✍✌ ✌❡r♣t✕ t✑✌✓✌

r✔r✍✚t✒♣ ✓☛✍✙t✒☛✔✓ r✏✌ ✒✔✌❢❢✒♣✒✌✔t t☛ ✒♠✘✍✌♠✌✔t✎ ❋☛✏ ✌❡r♠✘✍✌✕

t✑✌ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ✏✌✓✘☛✔✓✌ ☞✙✌ t☛ r ✏✒❣✑t ✏✌♣tr✔❣✙✍r✏ ✘✏✒✓♠ ☛❢ ♣☛✔✲

✓tr✔t ☞✌✔✓✒t✚ ♣☛✔tr✒✔✓ ✶✣ ✍☛❣r✏✒t✑♠✓ r✔☞ ✤ r✏♣tr✔❣✌✔t✓ ✭▲✒

r✔☞ ✴✑☛✙t✌r✙ ✶✢✢✤✕ ✘✎ ✸✪✪✧✎ ❴☛✇✌✖✌✏✕ t✑✌ ✖☛✍✙♠✌ ✒✔t✌❣✏r✍✓

✒✔ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓ ✭✶✧ r✔☞ ✭✷✧ ♣r✔ s✌ ✌✖r✍✙rt✌☞ ✔✙♠✌✏✒♣r✍✍✚❇

❯❃✭❏❑✧ ◆

❵❜❝

❞❥❦

❙❃✭❏❑❳ ❏❞ ✧❄❞♦①❞♦②❞♦③❞ ❳ ✭✸✧

❯❍✭❏❑✧ ◆

❵❜❝

❞❥❦

❙❍✭❏❑❳ ❏❞ ✧❅❞♦①❞♦②❞♦③❞ ❳ ✭✪✧

✇✑✌✏✌ ④⑤ ✒✓ t✑✌ t☛tr✍ ✔✙♠s✌✏ ☛❢ ♣✌✍✍✓ ✒✔ t✑✌ ✌r✏t✑ ♠☛☞✌✍

r✔☞ ❏❞ ◆ ①❞❳ ②❞ ❳ ③❞ ❳ ✥ ✐ ◆ ✶❳ ⑥ ⑥ ⑥ ❳ ④⑤✎ ★✑☞r✔☛✖ ✭✷✦✦✢✧ ✓✑☛✇✌☞

t✑rt ❢☛✏ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ❣✏r☞✒☛♠✌t✏✚✕ ✓✒✔❣✍✌✲✘☛✒✔t ✛r✙✓✓✒r✔ ✒✔t✌❣✏r✲

t✒☛✔ ✇✒t✑ ✘✙✍✓✌ sr✓✒✓ ❢✙✔♣t✒☛✔✓ ✇r✓ r✓ r♣♣✙✏rt✌ r✓ t✑✌ r✔r✍✚t✒♣

✓☛✍✙t✒☛✔ ✘✏☛✖✒☞✌☞ t✑✌ ☞✌✘t✑ t☛ t✑✌ ♣✌✔t✏✌ ☛❢ t✑✌ ♣✌✍✍ ✌❡♣✌✌☞✌☞

t✇✒♣✌ t✑✌ ☞✒♠✌✔✓✒☛✔ ☛❢ t✑✌ ♣✌✍✍✥ ✒✎✌✎✕ t✑✌ ✸❉ ✌r✏t✑ ♠☛☞✌✍ ♣r✔

s✌ ☞✒✓♣✏✌t✒✜✌☞ t☛ ♣✙s✒♣ ♣✌✍✍✓ ☛❢ ✪✦ ♠ ☞✒♠✌✔✓✒☛✔ ☛✏ ✍✌✓✓ ❢☛✏

r✔ r✒✏s☛✏✔✌ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ❣✏r☞✒☛♠✌t✏✚ ✓✙✏✖✌✚ ✇✒t✑ ✤✦ ♠ ✔☛♠✒✔r✍

❣✏☛✙✔☞ ♣✍✌r✏r✔♣✌✎ ✩☛✏✌☛✖✌✏✕ ✔✙♠✌✏✒♣r✍ ✒✔t✌❣✏rt✒☛✔ ☞✌♣✏✌r✓✌✓

t✑✌ ✏✙✔ t✒♠✌ s✚ ♠☛✏✌ t✑r✔ r✔ ☛✏☞✌✏ ☛❢ ♠r❣✔✒t✙☞✌ ♣☛♠✘r✏✌☞

t☛ t✑✌ r✔r✍✚t✒♣ ✓☛✍✙t✒☛✔✎ ❋☛✏ ✍r✔☞ ☛✏ s☛✏✌✑☛✍✌ ✓✙✏✖✌✚✓ ✇✑✌✏✌

✒✔✓t✏✙♠✌✔t✓ r✏✌ ✍☛♣rt✌☞ ♣✍☛✓✌ t☛ ☛✏ ✇✒t✑✒✔ t✑✌ ♣✌✍✍✓✕ ✑✒❣✑✌✏ ☛✏✲

☞✌✏ ✛r✙✓✓✒r✔ ✒✔t✌❣✏rt✒☛✔ r✔☞ sr✓✒✓ ❢✙✔♣t✒☛✔✓ ♣r✔ s✌ ✙✓✌☞ t☛

rttr✒✔ t✑✌ ☞✌✓✒✏✌☞ ✍✌✖✌✍ ☛❢ r♣♣✙✏r♣✚✎

⑦✒✔♣✌ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓ ✭✶✧ r✔☞ ✭✷✧ r✏✌ ✍✒✔✌r✏✕ t✑✌✚ ♣r✔ s✌ ✇✏✒tt✌✔

✒✔ ☞✒✓♣✏✌t✌ ❢☛✏♠ r✓ t✑✌ ☛✘✌✏rt☛✏ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓❇

⑧❃ ◆ ⑨❃❄❳ ✭✫✧

⑩❶ ❷❸❹❷ ❺❻❼❽❾❿➀➁ ➂➃➃❽➄➅➀➆➅❽➁ ❽➇ ➈❿❽➃➄➅❿➁➆➅➃➆➃ ➉ ❺➁➊➅➁❿❿❼➃➋ ➌➍➎➏➐➑➒➓➔→➣ ↔↕➎➒➏➍➔➙➓➛➜➋ ❹Ð❹➝

Page 3: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ☞

❞❍ ❂ ❆❍✌✍ ✭✎✏

✇✑✒✓✒ ❞❣ ❛✔✕ ❞❍ ❛✓✒ t✑✒ ◆✖ ❧✒✔✗t✑ ✈✒✘t✙✓✚ ✙✛ ✙✜✚✒✓✈✒✕ ✗✓❛✈rt✢

❛✔✕ ♠❛✗✔✒tr✘ ✕❛t❛✣ ❆❣ ❛✔✕ ❆❍ ❛✓✒ t✑✒ ◆✖ × ◆✤ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ❛✔✕

♠❛✗✔✒tr✘ ✙✥✒✓❛t✙✓✚ ❛✔✕ ✦ ❛✔✕ ✌ ❛✓✒ t✑✒ ◆✤ ❧✒✔✗t✑ ✈✒✘t✙✓✚ ✙✛

✕✒✔✚rt✢ ❛✔✕ ✚s✚✘✒✥tr✜r❧rt✢✧ ❊★s❛tr✙✔✚ ✭✩✏ ❛✔✕ ✭✎✏ ❛✓✒ ✗✒✔✒✓❛❧

r✔ t✑❛t t✑✒ ✕❛t❛ ❞❣ ❛✔✕ ❞❍✣ ❛✔✕ ✙✥✒✓❛t✙✓✚ ❆❣ ❛✔✕ ❆❍ ✘❛✔ ✜✒

✥❛✓trtr✙✔✒✕ t✙ ✘✙✔t❛r✔ ♠s❧tr✥❧✒ ✘✙♠✥✙✔✒✔t✚✧ ■✔ t✑✒ ✛✙❧❧✙✇r✔✗

✚✒✘tr✙✔✚ ✇✒ ✥✓✒✚✒✔t t✑✒ ✒❡✥❧r✘rt ✛✙✓♠✚ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✘✙✓✓✒✚✥✙✔✕r✔✗

✛✙✓✇❛✓✕ ♠✙✕✒❧❧r✔✗ ✙✥✒✓❛t✙✓✚✧

✷✪✫ ●✬✮✯✰✱✲ ✮✳❞ ✴✬✮✯✰✱✲ ✴✬✮❞✰✵✶✹✱✬✲

❚✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✛r✒❧✕✣ ✴✭✬✏✣ ✚❛tr✚✛r✒✚ t✑✒ ✛✙❧❧✙✇r✔✗✺

✻ ➲ ✴✭✬✏ ❂ ✼✽✾✿✦✭✬✏✍✻ × ✴✭✬✏ ❂ ❀✍ ✭❁✏

✇✑✒✓✒ ✿ r✚ t✑✒ s✔r✈✒✓✚❛❧ ✗✓❛✈rt❛tr✙✔❛❧ ✘✙✔✚t❛✔t ❛✔✕ ✦✭✬✏ r✚ t✑✒

☞❃ ✕✒✔✚rt✢ ✕r✚t✓r✜str✙✔ ✇rt✑r✔ ❛ ✕✙♠❛r✔✣ ❉✧ ❚✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✛r✒❧✕

✘❛✔ ❛❧✚✙ ✜✒ ✒❡✥✓✒✚✚✒✕ ✜✢ t✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✥✙t✒✔tr❛❧ ❯❣✭✬✏✺

✴✭✬✏ ❂ ✻❯❣✭✬✏❄ ✭❅✏

❚✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✥✙t✒✔tr❛❧ ✑❛✚ t✑✒ ✛✙❧❧✙✇r✔✗ ✚✙❧str✙✔✺

❯❣✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤✦✭✬

❇✏❢❏❄ ✭❑✏

▼✚ t✑✒ ✛r✓✚t ✚✥❛tr❛❧ ✕✒✓r✈❛tr✈✒✚ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✥✙t✒✔tr❛❧✣ t✑✒

✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✛r✒❧✕ ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✒❡✥✓✒✚✚✒✕ ❛✚✺

✴✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

✬ ✼ ✬❇

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❖✦✭✬✏❢❏✍ ✭❋P✏

✛✙✓ ✇✑r✘✑ t✑✒ ✘✙♠✥✙✔✒✔t✚ ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✇✓rtt✒✔ ❛✚

✂◗✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

❱❘◗✭✬ ✼ ✬

❇✏

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❖✦✭✬✏❢❏✍ ✭❋❋✏

✇✑✒✓✒ t✑✒ ❦✒✓✔✒❧ ❘◗✭✬ ✼ ✬❇✏ r✚ ✒★s❛❧ t✙✺

❘◗✭✬ ✼ ✬❇✏ ❂ ❙ ✼ ❙

❇✍ ❙ ❂ ①✍ ②✍ ③❄ ✭❋❲✏

❚✑✒ ✚✒✘✙✔✕ ✚✥❛tr❛❧ ✕✒✓r✈❛tr✈✒✚ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✥✙t✒✔tr❛❧✣

✂◗❳ ✭✬✏ ❂❨❩

❨❙❨❬❯❣✭✬✏✍ ❙✍ ❬ ❂ ①✍ ②✍ ③✍ ✭❋☞✏

✛✙✓♠ ❛ ✚✢♠♠✒t✓r✘ ✂✁�✠✐☛② ☛✄✟✆✡✁✺

ö✴ ❂

❪❫

✂❴❴ ✂❴❵ ✂❴❜

✂❵❴ ✂❵❵ ✂❵❜

✂❜❴ ✂❜❵ ✂❜❜

❤❥ ✍ ✭❋✽✏

✇rt✑ ♥✒✓✙ t✓❛✘✒ ❛✔✕ ✇✑✒✓✒✺

✂◗❳ ❂❨✂◗

❨❬✍ ❙✍ ❬ ❂ ①✍ ②✍ ③❄ ✭❋✩✏

❚✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ t✒✔✚✙✓ ✘✙♠✥✙✔✒✔t✚ ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✘❛❧✘s❧❛t✒✕ ✛✓✙♠ ✒★s❛q

tr✙✔ ✭❋❲✏✺

✂◗❳ ✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

❱❘◗❳✭✬ ✼ ✬

❇✏

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❖✦✭✬✏❢

❖✁✍ ✭❋✎✏

✇✑✒✓✒ t✑✒ ❦✒✓✔✒❧✚ ❘◗❳ ❛✓✒ ✒★s❛❧ t✙✺

❘◗❳ ✭✬ ✼ ✬❇✏ ❂

✉④

☞⑦◗⑧❾◗⑨⑦❳⑧❾❳⑨⑩❶❾❶⑧⑩❷

✍ ❙ ❸❂ ❬✍

☞⑦◗⑧❾◗⑨❷

⑩❶❾❶⑧⑩❷✼ ❋✍ ❙ ❂ ❬✍

❙✍ ❬ ❂ ①✍ ②✍ ③❄ ✭❋❁✏

▼ ✘✙♠✜r✔❛tr✙✔ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛✕r✒✔t✚✣

✂❹ ❂❋

❺✂❴❴ ✼ ✂❵❵

❻✍ ✭❋❅✏

r✚ ♠✒❛✚s✓✒✕ ✕r✓✒✘t❧✢ ✜✢ t✑✒ ❼▼❽❿➀➁ ❛r✓✜✙✓✔✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛q

✕r✙♠✒t✒✓✣ ❛✔✕ rt ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✘❛❧✘s❧❛t✒✕ ✛✓✙♠ t✑✒ ✛✙❧❧✙✇r✔✗✺

✂❹✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

❱❘❹✭✬ ✼ ✬

❇✏

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❖✦✭✬✏❢❏✍ ✭❋❑✏

✇✑✒✓✒ t✑✒ ❦✒✓✔✒❧ ❘❹ r✚ ✗r✈✒✔ ✜✢✺

❘❹✭✬ ✼ ✬❇✏ ❂

✭①✼ ①❇✏❩ ✼ ✭② ✼ ②❇✏❩

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❩❄ ✭❲P✏

➂✒✓✔✒❧✚ ✛✙✓ ✙t✑✒✓ ✘✙♠✜r✔❛tr✙✔✚ ✙✛ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛✕r✒✔t✚ ✚s✘✑

❛✚ t✑✙✚✒ ♠✒❛✚s✓✒✕ ✜✢ ➃r✙ ❚r✔t✙➄✚ ➅➂❋ ❛r✓✜✙✓✔✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛q

✕r✙♠✒t✒✓ ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✒❛✚r❧✢ ✕✒✓r✈✒✕✧ ❊★s❛tr✙✔✚ ✭❋❋✏✣ ✭❋✎✏ ❛✔✕ ✭❋❑✏

✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✒✈❛❧s❛t✒✕ ✔s♠✒✓r✘❛❧❧✢ ❛✚ ✥✒✓ ✒★s❛tr✙✔ ✭☞✏✧

■✔ ✥✓❛✘tr✘✒✣ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ❛✔✕ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛✕r✙♠✒t✓✢ ✕❛t❛ ✓✒★sr✓✒

t✒✓✓❛r✔ ✘✙✓✓✒✘tr✙✔✚ ✥✓r✙✓ t✙ ☞❃ r✔✈✒✓✚r✙✔✧ ❚✑✒ t✒✓✓❛r✔ ✘✙✓✓✒✘q

tr✙✔ r✚ ✗✒✔✒✓❛❧❧✢ ✘❛❧✘s❧❛t✒✕ ❛✚ t✑✒ ✓✒✚✥✙✔✚✒ ✕s✒ t✙ t✑✒ ✈✙❧s♠✒

✜✙s✔✕ ✜✢ ❛✔ s✥✥✒✓ ✚s✓✛❛✘✒ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✕r✗rt❛❧ ✒❧✒✈❛tr✙✔ ♠✙✕✒❧ ❛✔✕

❛ ❧✙✇✒✓ ✚s✓✛❛✘✒ ✙✛ ❛ ✥❧❛✔✒ t✑❛t ✥❛✚✚✒✚ t✑✓✙s✗✑ t✑✒ ❧✙✇✒✚t ✒❧q

✒✈❛tr✙✔ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✚s✓✈✒✢ ❛✓✒❛✧ ❚✑r✚ ✈✙❧s♠✒ r✚ ✕r✚✘✓✒tr♥✒✕ r✔t✙

✥✓r✚♠✚ ✙✛ ✘✙✔✚t❛✔t ✕✒✔✚rt✢✣ ✛✙✓ ✇✑r✘✑ t✑✒ ✓✒✚✥✙✔✚✒✚ ✭❋❋✏✣ ✭❋✎✏

❛✔✕ ✭❋❑✏ ❛✓✒ ✚s✜t✓❛✘t✒✕ ✛✓✙♠ t✑✒ ✓✒✚✥✒✘tr✈✒ ✛✓✒✒q❛r✓ ✕❛t❛ ✭✒✧✗✧✣

❃✓❛✔✚✛r✒❧✕ ❛✔✕ ➆✒✔✗ ❲PP❑✏✧ ❼✙✓ ♠r✔✒✓❛❧ ✒❡✥❧✙✓❛tr✙✔✣ ❛ s✔rq

✛✙✓♠ t✒✓✓❛r✔ ✕✒✔✚rt✢ ✜✒t✇✒✒✔ ❲✧✎➇☞✧❋ ✗➈✘♠❖ r✚ s✚s❛❧❧✢ ❛✥✥❧r✒✕✣

✕✒✥✒✔✕r✔✗ ✙✔ t✑✒ ✑✙✚t ✗✒✙❧✙✗✢✧ ❼✙✓ ✚✒✕r♠✒✔t❛✓✢ ✜❛✚r✔✚✣ t✑✒

❧✙✇✒✓ ✚s✓✛❛✘✒ r✚ ✗✒✔✒✓❛❧❧✢ ✕✒✒✥✒✓ ❛✔✕ t✑✒ t✒✓✓❛r✔ ✕✒✔✚rt✢ r✔q

✘✓✒❛✚✒✚ ❛✚ ❛ ✛s✔✘tr✙✔ ✙✛ ✕✒✥t✑ t✙ ✚r♠s❧❛t✒ ✘✙♠✥❛✘tr✙✔ ✭➉✧

➊✙✓✗✒✔✚✒✔ ❲P❋❋✣ ✥✒✓✚✧ ✘✙♠♠✧✏✧

✷✪✷ ➋✮✴✳✹✱✰➌➍ ✮✳❞ ✶✮✴✳✹✱✰➌ ✴✬✮❞✰✵✶✹✱✬✲

■✔ ✇✑❛t ✛✙❧❧✙✇✚✣ ✇✒ ❛✕✙✥t t✑✒ ✘✙♠♠✙✔ ❛✚✚s♠✥tr✙✔ t✑❛t t✑✒✓✒

r✚ ✔✙ ✓✒♠❛✔✒✔t ♠❛✗✔✒tr♥❛tr✙✔✣ t✑❛t t✑✒ ✚✒❧✛q✕✒♠❛✗✔✒tr♥❛tr✙✔

✒✛✛✒✘t r✚ ✔✒✗❧r✗r✜❧✒ ❛✔✕ t✑❛t t✑✒ ♠❛✗✔✒tr✘ ✚s✚✘✒✥tr✜r❧rt✢ r✚

r✚✙t✓✙✥r✘✧ ➎✔✕✒✓ ✚s✘✑ ❛✚✚s♠✥tr✙✔✣ t✑✒ r✔t✒✔✚rt✢ ✙✛ ♠❛✗✔✒trq

♥❛tr✙✔ ➏✭✬✏ r✚ ❧r✔✒❛✓❧✢ ✓✒❧❛t✒✕ t✙ t✑✒ r✔✕s✘r✔✗ ♠❛✗✔✒tr✘ ✛r✒❧✕✣

➐➑ ➒➓➔➒ →➣↔↕➙➛➜➝ ➞➟➟↕➠➡➜➢➡↕➝ ↕➤ ➥➛↕➟➠➡➛➝➢➡➟➢➟ ➦ →➝➧➡➝➛➛↔➟➨ ➩➫➭➯➳➵➸➺➻➼➽ ➾➚➭➸➯➫➻➪➺➶➹➨ ➔Ð➔➘

Page 4: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✹ ▼� ❈✁✂✄☎ ●�✳� ❲✐✆✝✞✟ ✄✟❛ ▼�✠� ❩❤❛✄✟✞✡

❍✵✭r✮✱ t☛☞✌✍✎☛ t☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ s✍s✔✏✕t✓✖✓✗✓t✘ ✙✭r✮✚

■✭r✮ ❂ ✙✭r✮❍✵✭r✮✛ ✭✜✢✮

❋✌☞ ✑✒✘ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ s✍☞✣✏✘✤ t☛✏ ✓✒✔✗✓✒✑t✓✌✒ ✭✥✮✤ ❞✏✔✗✓✒✑t✓✌✒ ✭❉✮

✑✒❞ ✑③✓♠✍t☛ ✭✳✮ ✌❢ t☛✏ ✓✒❞✍✔✓✒✎♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✭✓✒ ❞✏✎☞✏✏s✮ ✔✑✒

✖✏ ✕☞✏❞✓✔t✏❞ ❢☞✌♠ t☛✏ ✦✒t✏☞✒✑t✓✌✒✑✗ ✧✏✌♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❘✏❢✏☞✏✒✔✏

❋✓✏✗❞ ✭✦✧❘❋✮ ♠✌❞✏✗★ ✦t ✓s ✒✌t t☛✏ ✓✒t✏✒t ✌❢ t☛✓s ✕✑✕✏☞ t✌ ❞✓s✔✍ss

☛✌✩ t☛✏ ✦✧❘❋ ✭✌☞ ✏❡✍✓✣✑✗✏✒t✮ ✓s ✔✑✗✔✍✗✑t✏❞★ ✪✏ ❞✌ ✒✌t✏ ☛✌✩✫

✏✣✏☞ t☛✑t ✣✑☞✓✌✍s ✌✒✗✓✒✏ ✔✑✗✔✍✗✑t✌☞s ✏✬✓st t✌ ✔✌♠✕✍t✏ ❞✓❢❢✏☞✏✒t

✎✏✒✏☞✑t✓✌✒s ✌❢ t☛✏ ✦✧❘❋ ♠✌❞✏✗s ✭✏★✎★✤ ◆✯✰✰✮ ✌☞ ✗✌✔✑✗✓③✏❞

♠✌❞✏✗s✤ s✍✔☛ ✑s t☛✏ ✰✍st☞✑✗✓✑✒ ✧✏✌♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❘✏❢✏☞✏✒✔✏ ❋✓✏✗❞

✭✰✧❘❋✮ ♠✌❞✏✗ ✭✏★✎★✤ ✧✏✌s✔✓✏✒✔✏ ✰✍st☞✑✗✓✑✮★ ✯❢t✏✒✤ ✑✓☞✖✌☞✒✏

✔✌✒t☞✑✔t✌☞s ✕☞✌✣✓❞✏ ✦✧❘❋ ☞✏❞✍✔✏❞ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❞✑t✑ ✑s ✑ st✑✒✫

❞✑☞❞ ❞✏✗✓✣✏☞✑✖✗✏★ ✪✏ ✑ss✍♠✏ t☛✏ ✓✒✔✗✓✒✑t✓✌✒ ✓s ✕✌s✓t✓✣✏ ✖✏✗✌✩

t☛✏ ☛✌☞✓③✌✒t✑✗✤ t☛✏ ❞✏✔✗✓✒✑t✓✌✒ ✓s ✕✌s✓t✓✣✏ ✏✑st ✌❢ t☞✍✏ ✒✌☞t☛

✑✒❞ t☛✏ ✑③✓♠✍t☛ ✓s ✕✌s✓t✓✣✏ ✏✑st ✌❢ ✒✌☞t☛✤ s✌ t☛✏ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒✑✗

✔✌s✓✒✏s ✌❢ t☛✏ ✓✒❞✍✔✓✒✎ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✑☞✏ ✑s ❢✌✗✗✌✩s✚

✆① ❂ ✔✌s✭✥✮ ✔✌s✭❉❾ ✳✮✱ ✭✜✜✮

✆② ❂ ✔✌s✭✥✮ s✓✒✭❉❾ ✳✮✱ ✭✜✲✮

✆✴ ❂ s✓✒✭✥✮✛ ✭✜✹✮

❚☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞✤ ❍✭r✮✱ ☛✑s t☛✏ s✌✗✍t✓✌✒ ✭✶☛❞✑✒✌✣ ✢✷✸✸✮✚

❍✭r✺✮ ❂ ✻

✺✼✼✼

❱✻

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤➲ ❍

✵✙✭r✮❛✈✛ ✭✜✽✮

✦t ✓s ✩✏✗✗✫✇✒✌✩✒ t☛✑t t☛✏ ✗✑st ❢✌☞♠✍✗✑ ✔✑✒ ✖✏ ☞✏✩☞✓tt✏✒ ✑s

❢✌✗✗✌✩s✚

❍✭r✺✮ ❂ ✾

✵✼✼✼

✿✆ ✺

r ❾ r✺

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀✙✭r✮❛✈✱ ✭✜❁✮

✩☛✏☞✏ ✾✵ ✓s t☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✓t✍❞✏ ✌❢ t☛✏ ✓✒❞✍✔✓✒✎ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✑✒❞ ✿❃✿✆✺

✓s ✑ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒✑✗ ❞✏☞✓✣✑t✓✣✏ ✓✒ t☛✏ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒ ✌❢ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓③✑t✓✌✒✤

■✤ ✩☛✏☞✏ ■ ✓s ✑ ✍✒✓t ✣✏✔t✌☞✤ ✓★✏★✤ ❍✵ ❂ ✾✵■★ ❚☛✏s✏ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒✑✗

❞✏☞✓✣✑t✓✣✏s ✑☞✏ t☛✏ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒✑✗ ✔✌s✓✒✏s ✌❢ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒s ✭✜✜✮ Ð ✭✜✹✮★

◆✌t✏ t☛✑t

✿✆✺

r ❾ r✺

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀ ❂

❾✢

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀

❧ ❾✲ ✭❧➲ ✭r ❾ r✺✮✮ ✭r ❾ r✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❅

✛ ✭✜❇✮

❙✍✖st✓t✍t✓✒✎ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✜❇✮ ✓✒t✌ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✜❁✮✤ ✩✏ ✌✖t✑✓✒✚

❍✭r✺✮ ❂ ❾✾

✵✼✼✼

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀

❧ ❾✲ ✭❧➲ ✭r ❾ r✺✮✮ ✭r ❾ r✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❅

❛✈✛✭✜✸✮

◆✌✩✤ ✏✑✔☛ ✔✌♠✕✌✒✏✒t ✌❢ t☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✔✑✒ ✖✏ ✩☞✓tt✏✒

✑s

✾❊✭r✺✮ ❂ ✾

✵✼✼✼

❱❑❊✭r ❾ r

✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀✙✭r✮❛✈✱ ✭✜✷✮

✩☛✏☞✏ t☛✏ ✇✏☞✒✏✗ ❑❊✭r ❾ r✺✮ ✓s ✏❡✍✑✗ t✌

❑❊✭r ❾ r✺✮ ❂✲❏✆①✭▲ ❾ ▲✺✮ ❖ ✆②✭P ❾ P✺✮ ❖ ✆✴✭◗ ❾ ◗✺✮

❯✭❳ ❾ ❳✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❅

❾✆❊✱ ❳ ❂ ▲✱ P✱ ◗✛ ✭✲❨✮

❚☛✏ ✑♠✕✗✓t✍❞✏ ✌❢ t☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✭✌☞ t✌t✑✗ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ✓✒✫

t✏✒s✓t✘✮ ☛✑s t☛✏ ❢✌✗✗✌✩✓✒✎ ❢✌☞♠✚

✾❊✭r✺✮ ❂ ✾

✵✼✼✼

❱❑❬❭❪✭r ❾ r

✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀✙✭r✮❛✈✱ ✭✲✢✮

✩☛✏☞✏ t☛✏ ✇✏☞✒✏✗ ❑❬❭❪✭r ❾ r✺✮ ✓s ✏❡✍✑✗ t✌

❑❬❭❪✭r ❾ r✺✮ ❂

✲❏✆①✭▲ ❾ ▲✺✮ ❖ ✆②✭P ❾ P✺✮ ❖ ✆✴✭◗ ❾ ◗✺✮

❯❅

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❅❾ ✢✛

✭✲✜✮

❫❡✍✑t✓✌✒s ✭✜✷✮ ✑✒❞ ✭✲✢✮ ✔✑✒ ✖✏ ✏✣✑✗✍✑t✏❞ ✒✍♠✏☞✓✔✑✗✗✘ ✑s

✕✏☞ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✹✮★ ❴✏☞✓✣✑t✓✣✏s ✌❢ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✜✷✮ ✑✒❞ t☛✏✓☞ ☞✏✫

s✕✏✔t✓✣✏ ✇✏☞✒✏✗s t☛✑t ❢✌☞♠ t☛✏ s✘♠♠✏t☞✓✔ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ t✏✒s✌☞ ✩✓✗✗

✖✏ ❞✏t✑✓✗✏❞ ✓✒ ✑ s✍✖s✏❡✍✏✒t ✕✑✕✏☞★

❵ ❵❜ ■❝❣❥❦♥■♦❝

♣✌t✏✒t✓✑✗ ❢✓✏✗❞ ❞✑t✑ ✑☞✏ ❢✓✒✓t✏ ✑✒❞ ✒✌✓s✘ ✑✒❞ t☛✏✓☞ ✓✒✣✏☞s✓✌✒

✓s ✓✒☛✏☞✏✒t✗✘ ✒✌✒✫✍✒✓❡✍✏✤ ♠✏✑✒✓✒✎ t☛✑t t☛✏☞✏ ✓s ✑✒ ✓✒❢✓✒✓t✏

✒✍♠✖✏☞ ✌❢ s✌✍☞✔✏ ❞✓st☞✓✖✍t✓✌✒s t☛✑t ✔✑✒ ✏❡✍✑✗✗✘ s✑t✓s❢✘ t☛✏

✌✖s✏☞✣✏❞ ❞✑t✑★ ✦✒ ✌☞❞✏☞ t✌ s✌✗✣✏ t☛✓s ✓✒✣✏☞s✏ ✕☞✌✖✗✏♠✤ ☞✏✎✍✗✑☞✫

✓③✑t✓✌✒ ♠✍st ✖✏ ✓✒t☞✌❞✍✔✏❞★ ❚☛✏ ✎✌✑✗ ✌❢ ☞✏✎✍✗✑☞✓③✑t✓✌✒ ✓s t✌

☞✏✔✌✣✏☞ t☛✏ ♠✌st ✎✏✌✗✌✎✓✔✑✗✗✘ ✕✗✑✍s✓✖✗✏ s✌✗✍t✓✌✒s ❢☞✌♠ t☛✏ ✓✒❢✓✫

✒✓t✏ ✒✍♠✖✏☞ ✌❢ ♠✑t☛✏♠✑t✓✔✑✗✗✘ ✏❡✍✓✣✑✗✏✒t s✌✗✍t✓✌✒s★ ✪✏ ✒✌t✏

t☛✑t ✌✍☞ t✏☞♠ Ô✎✏✌✗✌✎✓✔✑✗✗✘ ✕✗✑✍s✓✖✗✏q ✓s ✑ s✍✖✉✏✔t✓✣✏ ✌✒✏ ✑✒❞

✖✑s✏❞ ✏✒t✓☞✏✗✘ ✍✕✌✒ t☛✏ ✓✒t✏☞✕☞✏t✏☞qs ✕☞✏✉✍❞✓✔✏★ ✰s ✩✏ ☛✑✣✏

✎✏✒✏☞✑✗✓③✏❞ ✌✍☞ ✓✒✣✏☞s✓✌✒ ♠✏t☛✌❞✌✗✌✎✘ ❢✌☞ ✖✌t☛ ✎☞✑✣✓t✘ ✑✒❞

♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❞✑t✑✤ ✩✏ ❞✏s✔☞✓✖✏ ✌✍☞ ♠✌❞✏✗ ✕✑☞✑♠✏t✏☞s ✖✘ ✣✏✔t✌☞ ④✤

✌❢ ✗✏✒✎t☛ ⑥⑦✤ ✩☛✏t☛✏☞ t☛✏✘ ✖✏ ✣✑✗✍✏s ✌❢ ❞✏✒s✓t✘ ✌☞ s✍s✔✏✕t✓✖✓✗✫

✓t✘★ ❘✏✎✑☞❞✗✏ss ✌❢ t☛✏ ✓t✏☞✑t✓✣✏ s✔☛✏♠✏ ✍s✏❞✤ ♠✌st ☞✏✎✍✗✑☞✓③✏❞

✓✒✣✏☞s✓✌✒s s✏✏✇ t✌ ♠✓✒✓♠✓③✏ t☛✏ ❚✓✇☛✌✒✌✣ ✕✑☞✑♠✏t☞✓✔ ❢✍✒✔✫

t✓✌✒✑✗✤ ⑧❊✭④✮✚

⑧❊✭④✮ ❂ ⑨✭④✮ ❖ ❳✝✭④✮ ⑩ ♠✓✒✱ ✭✲✲✮

✩☛✏☞✏ ⑨✭④✮ ✓s ✑ ♠✓s❢✓t ❢✍✒✔t✓✌✒✑✗ ✌❢ t☛✏ ✌✖s✏☞✣✏❞ ✑✒❞ ✕☞✏✫

❞✓✔t✏❞ ✕✌t✏✒t✓✑✗ ❢✓✏✗❞ ❞✑t✑✤ ✝✭④✮ ✓s ✑ st✑✖✓✗✓③✓✒✎ ❢✍✒✔t✓✌✒✑✗★ ❳

✓s t☛✏ ☞✏✎✍✗✑☞✓③✑t✓✌✒ ✕✑☞✑♠✏t✏☞ t☛✑t ✖✑✗✑✒✔✏s t☛✏ t☞✑❞✏✫✌❢❢ ✖✏✫

t✩✏✏✒ t☛✏ ♠✓s❢✓t ✑✒❞ st✑✖✓✗✓③✓✒✎ ❢✍✒✔t✓✌✒✑✗s ✑✒❞ ✓s ❞✏✔☞✏✑s✏❞

✑s t☛✏ ✓✒✣✏☞s✓✌✒ ✕☞✌✎☞✏ss✏s ✭✶☛❞✑✒✌✣ ✜❨❨✜✮★ ❴✑t✑ ✑✒❞ ♠✌❞✏✗

✩✏✓✎☛ts ✔✑✒ ✖✏ ✓✒t☞✌❞✍✔✏❞ t✌ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✲✲✮ t☛☞✌✍✎☛ ❞✑t✑ ✑✒❞

♠✌❞✏✗ ✩✏✓✎☛t✓✒✎ ♠✑t☞✓✔✏s★ ✪✏ ✔✑✒ ✑✗s✌ ☞✏✫✩✏✓✎☛t t☛✏ ✓✒✣✏☞s✏

✕☞✌✖✗✏♠ ✓✒ ✗✌✎✑☞✓t☛♠✓✔ s✕✑✔✏ ✓✒ ✌☞❞✏☞ t✌ ☞✏❞✍✔✏ t☛✏ ❞✘✒✑♠✓✔

☞✑✒✎✏ ✌❢ ✖✌t☛ t☛✏ ❞✑t✑ ✑✒❞ ♠✌❞✏✗ ✕✑☞✑♠✏t✏☞s★ ❋✌☞ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔

❶❷ ❸❹❺❸ ❻❼❽❿➀➁➂➃ ➄➅➅❿➆➇➂➈➇❿➃ ❿➉ ➊➁❿➅➆➇➁➃➈➇➅➈➅ ➋ ❻➃➌➇➃➁➁❽➅➍ ➎➏➐➑➒➓➔→➣↔↕ ➙➛➐➔➑➏➣➜→➝➞➍ ❺➟❺➠

Page 5: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✺

☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌✓ ✔✒✑☞✕☞✍☞✕✖ ☞✑ ✎✌♥✒✏✗✎✘ ✉✔✒✌ ✕t✎ ✑✉✑✗✎✔✕☞✙☞✚☞✕✖ ✑✒ ❛✑

✕✒ ✒✙✕❛☞✌ ✔t✖✑☞✗❛✚✚✖ ♠✎❛✌☞✌✛♥✉✚ ✑✒✚✉✕☞✒✌✑s

■✌ ✒✉✏ ☞♠✔✚✎♠✎✌✕❛✕☞✒✌✓ ❛✚✚ ✇✎☞✛t✕☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌✑ ❛✏✎ ✑✎✚✎✗✕✎✘

✙❛✑✎✘ ✉✔✒✌ ✕t✎☞✏ ☞✌✕✎✛✏❛✕✎✘ ✑✎✌✑☞✕☞✍☞✕✖ ✭✜t✘❛✌✒✍ ✷✢✢✷✣s ❖✉✏

✇✎☞✛t✕☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌✑ ✔✏✒✍☞✘✎ ✎q✉❛✚ ✑✎✌✑☞✕☞✍☞✕✖ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✒✙✑✎✏✍✎✘

✘❛✕❛ ✕✒ ✗✎✚✚✑ ✚✒✗❛✕✎✘ ❛✕ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✕ ✘✎✔✕t✑ ❛✌✘ ❛✕ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✕ t✒✏☞❤

③✒✌✕❛✚ ✔✒✑☞✕☞✒✌✑s ❚t✉✑✓ ✒✉✏ ✇✎☞✛t✕☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌✑ ❛✉✕✒♠❛✕☞✗❛✚✚✖

☞✌✕✏✒✘✉✗✎ ❛✔✔✏✒✔✏☞❛✕✎ ✗✒✏✏✎✗✕☞✒✌✑ ♥✒✏ ✕t✎ ✍✎✏✕☞✗❛✚ ❛✌✘ t✒✏☞❤

③✒✌✕❛✚ ✘☞✑✕✏☞✙✉✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✘✎✌✑☞✕✖ ✒✏ ✑✉✑✗✎✔✕☞✙☞✚☞✕✖s ❚t☞✑ ☞✑ ✒✌✎

✒♥ ✕t✎ ♠❛☞✌ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✗✎✑ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ✒✉✏ ❛✔✔✏✒❛✗t ❛✌✘ ✕t✎ ✛✎✒❤

♠✎✕✏☞✗ ✇✎☞✛t✕☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌✑ ✘✎✍✎✚✒✔✎✘ ✙✖ ✤☞ ❛✌✘ ❖✚✘✎✌✙✉✏✛

✭✥✦✦✧✓ ✥✦✦✶✣s

❲✎ ✙❛✑✎ ✒✉✏ ♠☞✌☞♠☞③❛✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✎q✉❛✕☞✒✌ ✭★★✣ ✒✌ ✕t✎ ✏✎❤

✇✎☞✛t✕✎✘ ✏✎✛✉✚❛✏☞③✎✘ ✗✒✌❝✉✛❛✕✎ ✛✏❛✘☞✎✌✕ ♠✎✕t✒✘ ✭✩✩✪✫✣s ❚t✎

✑✔✎✗☞♥☞✗✑ ✒♥ ✕t☞✑ ♠✎✕t✒✘ t❛✍✎ ✙✎✎✌ ✔✉✙✚☞✑t✎✘ ✔✏✎✍☞✒✉✑✚✖ ✭✎s✛s✓

✜t✘❛✌✒✍ ✷✢✢✷✣ ❛✌✘ ❛✏✎ ✌✒✕ ✏✎✔✎❛✕✎✘ t✎✏✎s ❚t☞✑ ♠✎✕t✒✘ ☞✕❤

✎✏❛✕☞✍✎✚✖ ✉✔✘❛✕✎✑ ✕t✎ ✍✎✗✕✒✏ ✒♥ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ✬ ✑✒ ❛✑ ✕✒

♠☞✌☞♠☞③✎ ✕t✎ ✍✎✗✕✒✏ ✒♥ ✏✎✑☞✘✉❛✚ ✎✏✏✒✏✑✓ r✓ ❛❦☞✌ ✕✒✮

✬✯✰✱ ❂ ✬✯ ✲ ✳✯❆✴❣✵❍ r✯ ✑✉✙❝✎✗✕ ✕✒ r✯ ✹ ♠☞✌✻ ✭★✼✣

✇t✎✏✎ ✳✯ ☞✑ ❛ ✑✕✎✔ ✚✎✌✛✕t ❛✌✘ ❆✴❣✵❍ ☞✑ ✕t✎ ✗✒✌❝✉✛❛✕✎ ✕✏❛✌✑✔✒✑✎

✒♥ ✕t✎ ◆❞ × ◆✽ ♠❛✕✏☞✾ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✛✏❛✍☞✕✖ ✒✏ ♠❛✛✌✎✕☞✗ ✚☞✌✎❛✏ ✒✔✎✏❤

❛✕✒✏s ❚t✎ ☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌ ✔✏✒✗✎✎✘✑ ✕✒ ☞✕✎✏❛✕✎ ☞✌ ❛ ♠❛✌✌✎✏ ✑☞♠☞✚❛✏ ✕✒

✎q✉❛✕☞✒✌ ✭★✼✣ ✉✌✕☞✚ ✕t✎ ✏✎✑☞✘✉❛✚ ✎✏✏✒✏ ✏✎❛✗t✎✑ ❛ ✔✏✎✑✎✕ ✕t✏✎✑t❤

✒✚✘✓ ✕t✎ ✘✎✗✏✎❛✑✎ ☞✌ ✎✏✏✒✏ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ♠✉✚✕☞✔✚✎ ☞✕✎✏❛✕☞✒✌✑ ☞✑ ✚✎✑✑

✕t❛✌ ✕t✎ ✔✏✎✑✎✕ ✕t✏✎✑t✒✚✘✓ ✒✏ ❛ ♠❛✾☞♠✉♠ ✌✉♠✙✎✏ ✒♥ ☞✕✎✏❛✕☞✒✌✑

☞✑ ✏✎❛✗t✎✘s ❯✔✒✌ ✗✒♠✔✚✎✕☞✒✌✓ ✕t✎ q✉❛✚☞✕✖ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌ ☞✑ ❛✔❤

✔✏❛☞✑✎✘ ✙✖ ✕t✎ ✘❛✕❛ ♠☞✑♥☞✕ ❛✌✘ ✍☞✑✉❛✚ ☞✌✑✔✎✗✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ♠✒✘✎✚s

✩✎✑✉✚✕✑ ❛✏✎ ❛✚✑✒ ❛✍❛☞✚❛✙✚✎ ♥✏✒♠ ❛✌✖ ✔✏☞✒✏ ☞✕✎✏❛✕☞✒✌✓ ✎✌❛✙✚☞✌✛

✕t✎ ✉✑✎✏ ✕✒ ☞✌✍✎✑✕☞✛❛✕✎ ✕t✎ ✎✍✒✚✉✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ★✿ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✘✉✏☞✌✛

☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌✓ ❛✌✘ ✕✒ ✏✎❤✑✕❛✏✕ ✕t✎ ☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌ ♥✏✒♠ ❛ ✔✏☞✒✏ ☞✕✎✏❛✕☞✒✌

☞♥ ✌✎✗✎✑✑❛✏✖s

❀❁❃ ❋❄❅❇❈❊●❏ r❡❏❇❑▼r❊P▼◗❊❄●

❘✚✚ ✛✎✒✚✒✛☞✗❛✚ ✗✒✌✑✕✏❛☞✌✕✑ ♠❛✌☞♥✎✑✕ ✕t✎♠✑✎✚✍✎✑ ❛✑ ✏✎✛✉✚❛✏☞③❛❤

✕☞✒✌ ✕t❛✕ ✗❛✌ ✙✎ q✉❛✌✕☞♥☞✎✘ ✕t✏✒✉✛t ❛ ✗t✒☞✗✎ ✒♥ ✘❛✕❛ ✇✎☞✛t✕✑✓

♠✒✘✎✚ ✉✔✔✎✏ ❛✌✘ ✚✒✇✎✏ ✙✒✉✌✘✑✓ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✇✎☞✛t✕✑✓ ❛✌ ❛ ✔✏☞✒✏☞

♠✒✘✎✚ ❛✌✘ ✕t✎ ✕✖✔✎ ✒♥ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌❛✚s ❚t✎ ✚❛✕✕✎✏ ☞✌❤

✗✒✏✔✒✏❛✕✎✑ ☞✌♥✒✏♠❛✕☞✒✌ ❛✙✒✉✕ ✕t✎ ✗✚❛✑✑ ✒♥ ♠✒✘✎✚✑ ✉✑✎✘ ☞✌ ✕t✎

☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌s ❚t✎ ✗t✒☞✗✎ ✒♥ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌❛✚ ✑t✒✉✚✘ ✙✎ ✙❛✑✎✘

✒✌ ✕t✎ ✉✑✎✏❙✑ ✛✎✒✚✒✛☞✗❛✚ ❦✌✒✇✚✎✘✛✎ ❛✌✘ ✔✏✎❝✉✘☞✗✎s ■✌ ✇t❛✕ ♥✒✚❤

✚✒✇✑✓ ✇✎ ✇☞✚✚ ✙✏☞✎♥✚✖ ✘✎✑✗✏☞✙✎ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✕ ✑♠✒✒✕t ❛✌✘ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛

✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ☞✌ ✒✏✘✎✏ ✕✒ ✘✎♠✒✌✑✕✏❛✕✎ ✕t✎ ✏✎✑✉✚✕✑ ♥✏✒♠ ✕t✎ ★✿

☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✔✒✕✎✌✕☞❛✚ ♥☞✎✚✘ ✘❛✕❛ ✔✏✒✘✉✗✎✘ ✙✖ ✎❛✗ts

❘ ♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✌✒✏♠ ✭❱❳✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏ ✇☞✚✚ ✑✎✎❦ ✕✒ ♠☞✌☞♠☞③✎ ✕t✎

✌✒✏♠ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✗✎ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ✕t✎ ✗✉✏✏✎✌✕ ♠✒✘✎✚ ❛✌✘ ❛✌ ❛

✔✏☞✒✏☞ ♠✒✘✎✚✮

✆❨❩✭✬✣ ❂

❬❬❬

❭✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣

❵❢✈ ✭★✺✣

❛✌✘ ✉✑✉❛✚✚✖ ✔✏✒✘✉✗✎✑ ❛ ✏✎✚❛✕☞✍✎✚✖ ✑♠✒✒✕t ♠✒✘✎✚s ✫✏❛✘☞✎✌✕

✭✫✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ☞♠✔✚☞✗☞✕✚✖ ☞✌✕✏✒✘✉✗✎ ✑♠✒✒✕t✌✎✑✑ ✇☞✕t ✕t✎ ♥☞✏✑✕

✘✎✏☞✍❛✕☞✍✎✑ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑✮

✆❜✭✬✣ ❂

❬❬❬

❭✭❥✬ ❾❥✬❪❫❴ ✣

❵❢✈✻ ✭★✧✣

❛✌✘ ✗❛✌ ✏✎✑✉✚✕ ☞✌ ✑✔✉✏☞✒✉✑ ✒✑✗☞✚✚❛✕☞✒✌✑ ❛✌✘ ❛✏✕✎♥❛✗✕✑ ✇t✎✌ ✕t✎

♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ❛✏✎ ✘☞✑✗✒✌✕☞✌✉✒✉✑s ■✌ ✔✏❛✗✕☞✗✎✓ ❛ ✗✒♠✙☞✌❛❤

✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ✭★✺✣ ❛✌✘ ✭★✧✣ ☞✑ ✒♥✕✎✌ ✉✑✎✘ ✭✎s✛s✓ ✤☞ ❛✌✘

❖✚✘✎✌✙✉✏✛ ✥✦✦✧✓ ✥✦✦✶✣s ❧✒✇✎✍✎✏✓ ✍✎✏✖ ✚☞✕✕✚✎ ✛✎✒✚✒✛✖ ✎✾t☞✙☞✕✑

✑♠✒✒✕t ✘✎✌✑☞✕✖ ✒✏ ✑✉✑✗✎✔✕☞✙☞✚☞✕✖ ✘☞✑✕✏☞✙✉✕☞✒✌✑s ✫✎✒✚✒✛✖ ☞✑ ✉✑✉❤

❛✚✚✖ ✗t❛✏❛✗✕✎✏☞③✎✘ ✙✖ ✑t❛✏✔ ✙✒✉✌✘❛✏☞✎✑ ✒♥ ✗✒✌✕✏❛✑✕☞✌✛ ✘✎✌✑☞✕✖

❛✌✘①✒✏ ✑✉✑✗✎✔✕☞✙☞✚☞✕✖✓ ♥✒✏ ✎✾❛♠✔✚✎✓ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ❛✌ ✒✏✎ ✘✎✔✒✑☞✕ ❛✌✘

t✒✑✕ ✏✒✗❦✓ ✒✏ ❛✗✏✒✑✑ ❛ ✘☞✑✗✒✌✕☞✌✉☞✕✖s ❘✑ ✑✉✗t✓ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ✭★✺✣

❛✌✘ ✭★✧✣ ✒✏ ✕t✎☞✏ ✗✒♠✙☞✌❛✕☞✒✌✑ ✔✏✒✘✉✗✎ ✏✎✑✉✚✕✑ ✕t❛✕ ✙✎❛✏ ✚☞✕✕✚✎

✒✏ ✌✒ ✏✎✚✎✍❛✌✗✎ ✕✒ ✕t✎ ❛✗✕✉❛✚ ✛✎✒✚✒✛✖s

②✒✏✕✌☞❛✛✉☞✌✎ ❛✌✘ ✜t✘❛✌✒✍ ✭✥✦✦✦✣ ☞✌✕✏✒✘✉✗✎✘ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ✑✕❛❤

✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ✕t❛✕ ♠❛❦✎ ☞✕ ✔✒✑✑☞✙✚✎ ✕✒ ✏✎✗✒✍✎✏ ♠✒✘✎✚✑ ✇☞✕t ✑t❛✏✔✎✏

✙✒✉✌✘❛✏☞✎✑ ❛✌✘ ✗✒✌✕✏❛✑✕✑s ❲✎ ✙✏☞✎♥✚✖ ✘✎✑✗✏☞✙✎ ✕t✎✑✎ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③❤

✎✏✑ t✎✏✎ ❛✌✘ ✏✎♥✎✏ ✕t✎ ✏✎❛✘✎✏ ✕✒ ✜t✘❛✌✒✍ ✭✷✢✢✷✣ ♥✒✏ ♥✉✏✕t✎✏

✘✎✕❛☞✚✑s ④☞✏✑✕✓ ✇✎ ✔✏✎✑✎✌✕ ✕t✎♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✑✉✔✔✒✏✕ ✭❱⑤✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✮

✆❨⑥✭✬✣ ❂

❬❬❬

✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣❵

✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣❵ ✲ ✄❵

❢✈✻ ✭★⑦✣

✇t✎✏✎ ✄ ☞✑ ❛ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏ ☞✌✕✏✒✘✉✗✎✘ ✕✒ ❛✍✒☞✘ ✑☞✌✛✉✚❛✏☞✕✖

✇t✎✌ ✬ ❂ ✬❪❫❴ s ❚t✎ ♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✑✉✔✔✒✏✕ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏ ♠☞✌☞♠☞③✎✑

✕t✎ ✍✒✚✉♠✎ ✇☞✕t ✌✒✌❤③✎✏✒ ✘✎✔❛✏✕✉✏✎✑ ♥✏✒♠ ✕t✎ ❛ ✔✏☞✒✏☞ ♠✒✘✎✚✓

✎♥♥✎✗✕☞✍✎✚✖ ✏✎✗✒✍✎✏☞✌✛ ✗✒♠✔❛✗✕ ✙✒✘☞✎✑s ❚t✉✑✓ ❛ ✑♠✒✒✕t ✘☞✑✕✏☞❤

✙✉✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ❛✚✚ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ✇☞✕t ❛ ✑♠❛✚✚ ✘✎✍☞❛✕☞✒✌ ♥✏✒♠

✕t✎ ❛ ✔✏☞✒✏☞ ♠✒✘✎✚ ☞✑ ✔✎✌❛✚☞③✎✘s ❘ ♥✒✗✉✑✎✘ ✘☞✑✕✏☞✙✉✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✕t✎

♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ☞✑ ✔✎✌❛✚☞③✎✘ ✚✎✑✑s ❚t✎ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏

✎♥♥✎✗✕☞✍✎✚✖ ✕✉✌✎✑ ✕t✎ ✘✎✛✏✎✎ ✒♥ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛s ⑤☞♠☞✚❛✏✚✖✓ ✇✎ ✔✏✎✑✎✌✕

✕t✎ ♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✛✏❛✘☞✎✌✕ ✑✉✔✔✒✏✕ ✭❱✫⑤✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✮

✆❨❜⑥✭✬✣ ❂

❬❬❬

❥✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣ ➲ ❥✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣

❥✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣ ➲ ❥✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣ ✲ ✄❵❢✈✻ ✭★✶✣

✇t☞✗t ♠☞✌☞♠☞③✎✑ ✕t✎ ✍✒✚✉♠✎ ✇☞✕t ✌✒✌❤③✎✏✒ ✛✏❛✘☞✎✌✕✑✓ ☞s✎s✓

✑t❛✏✔ ✕✏❛✌✑☞✕☞✒✌✑ ☞✌ ✕t✎ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ❛✏✎ ✔✎✌❛✚☞③✎✘ ✚✎✑✑

✕t❛✌ ✑♠✒✒✕t ✕✏❛✌✑☞✕☞✒✌✑s

❘✑ ❛✌ ✎✾❛♠✔✚✎ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✗✎ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ✑♠✒✒✕t ✭✎s✛s✓ ♠☞✌☞❤

♠✉♠ ✌✒✏♠✣ ❛✌✘ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ✭✎s✛s✓ ♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✑✉✔✔✒✏✕✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑✓

✇✎ ✉✑✎✘ ✙✒✕t ✕✒ ☞✌✍✎✏✕ ✫⑧❚❱❘✫ ♥✉✚✚ ✕✎✌✑✒✏ ♠❛✛✌✎✕☞✗ ✛✏❛❤

✘☞✒♠✎✕✏✖ ♥✏✒♠ ❛ ♠❛✛✌✎✕☞✕✎ ✑❦❛✏✌ ✌✎❛✏ ❚❛✚✚❛✇❛✌✛✓ ❳✎✇ ⑤✒✉✕t

❲❛✚✎✑✓ ❘✉✑✕✏❛✚☞❛ ✭⑤✗t♠☞✘✕ ✎✕ ❛✚s ✷✢✢✼✣s ❚t✎ ✏✎✑✉✚✕✑ ❛✏✎ ✑t✒✇✌

☞✌ ④☞✛s ✥✓ ❛✌✘ ✗✚✎❛✏✚✖ ✘✎♠✒✌✑✕✏❛✕✎ t✒✇ ✕t✎ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌

✏✎✑✉✚✕ ☞✑ ♠✒✏✎ ✛✎✒✚✒✛☞✗❛✚✚✖ ✏✎❛✑✒✌❛✙✚✎ ✕t❛✌ ✕t✎ ✑♠✒✒✕t ☞✌✍✎✏❤

✑☞✒✌ ✏✎✑✉✚✕s

⑨⑩ ❶❷❸❶ ❹❺❻❼❽❿➀➁ ➂➃➃❼➄➅➀➆➅❼➁ ❼➇ ➈❿❼➃➄➅❿➁➆➅➃➆➃ ➉ ❹➁➊➅➁❿❿❻➃➋ ➌➍➎➏➐➑➒➓➔→➣ ↔↕➎➒➏➍➔➙➓➛➜➋ ❸Ð❸➝

Page 6: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✻ ▼� ❈✁✂✄☎ ●�✳� ❲✐✆✝✞✟ ✄✟❛ ▼�✠� ❩❤❛✄✟✞✡

❋☛☞✌✍✎ ✶ ✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✑✘ ✑❢ ❢✑♦✙✗✖✘✚ ✭✒✖✘✖✒✙✒ ✗✙✓✓✑✕✉✛ ✓✔✘♣✜✗ ✔✢♦✣ ✔✘✤ ✗✒✑✑✉♠ ✭✒✖✘✖✒✙✒ ✘✑✕✒✛ ✓✔✘♣✜✗ ✤✢❢✣ ✕♣✚✙✜✔✕✖r✔✉✖✑✘ ❢✑✕ ✸❉ ✖✘✥♣✕✗✖✑✘ ✑❢

✦✧★✩✪✦ ❢✙✜✜ ✉♣✘✗✑✕ ✒✔✚✘♣✉✖♦ ✚✕✔✤✖✑✒♣✉✕❣ ✤✔✉✔ ❢✕✑✒ ★✔✜✜✔❚✔✘✚✫ ◆♣❚ ❙✑✙✉♠ ✬✔✜♣✗✫ ✪✙✗✉✕✔✜✖✔ ✭❙♦♠✒✖✤✉ ♣✉ ✔✜✮ ✷✯✯✰✣✮ ★♠♣ ✥♣✕✉✖♦✔✜ ♦✕✑✗✗✢✗♣♦✉✖✑✘✗

♦✑✕✕♣✗✓✑✘✤ ✉✑ ✓✕✑❢✖✜♣ ✱✯ ✒ ◆✮ ★♠♣ ✚♣✑✜✑✚❣ ✖✘❢♣✕✕♣✤ ❢✕✑✒ ✤✕✖✜✜✖✘✚ ♠✔✗ ❜♣♣✘ ✗✙✓♣✕✖✒✓✑✗♣✤ ❢✑✕ ❢✙✕✉♠♣✕ ♦✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✑✘✮

✲✴✵ ✹✺✼✽✾✿ ❀✺✺❁❂❃✽✾❁ ❄❂❂❃✺❄❅❆

■❇ ❊❍❏❇❑❏❊▲❖P t◗❖ ❍❖❡❘▲❯❍❏❱❖❳ ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❪❖t◗❭❳❬ ❭❘t▲❏❇❖❳ ❯❫❭❨❖

❑❯❇ ❫❖ ❯❊❊▲❏❖❳ t❭ ▲❯❍❡❖❧❬❑❯▲❖ ❊❍❭❫▲❖❪❬❴ ❵❘❪❖❍❏❑❯▲▲❝P ◗❭❞❖❨❖❍P

t◗❖ ❑❭❪❊❘t❯t❏❭❇❯▲ ❑❭❪❊▲❖❥❏t❝ ❏❇❑❍❖❯❬❖❬ ▲❏❇❖❯❍▲❝ ❞❏t◗ t◗❖ ❬❏❱❖

❭❦ t◗❖ ❊❍❭❫▲❖❪P ❪❖❯❇❏❇❡ ♥q ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❦❯❑❖❬ t❞❭ ❪❯s❭❍ ❭❫❬t❯❧

❑▲❖❬❴ ✈❏❍❬t ❏❬ t◗❖ ▲❯❍❡❖ ❯❪❭❘❇t ❭❦ ❑❭❪❊❘t❖❍ ❪❖❪❭❍❝ ❍❖✇❘❏❍❖❳

❦❭❍ ❬t❭❍❏❇❡ t◗❖ ①❖❍❇❖▲❬ ❭❦ t◗❖ ❦❭❍❞❯❍❳ ❪❭❳❖▲▲❏❇❡ ❭❊❖❍❯t❭❍❬P

❞◗❏❑◗ ❳❭❘❫▲❖ ❯❬ ❬❖❇❬❏t❏❨❏t❏❖❬ ❦❭❍ ▲❏❇❖❯❍ ❊❍❭❫▲❖❪❬❴ ②❨❖❇ ❯ ❬❪❯▲▲❧

❬❏❱❖❳ ♥q ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❭❦ t◗❭❘❬❯❇❳❬ ❭❦ ❳❯t❯ t❭ ♥q ❖❯❍t◗ ❪❭❳❖▲❬ ❭❦

◗❘❇❳❍❖❳❬ ❭❦ t◗❭❘❬❯❇❳❬ ❭❦ ❑❖▲▲❬ ❑❯❇ ❖❥❑❖❖❳ ❪❖❪❭❍❝ ❯❨❯❏▲❯❫▲❖

❦❭❍ ❳❖❬①t❭❊ ❑❭❪❊❘t❖❍❬❴ ③◗❖ ❬❖❑❭❇❳ ❭❫❬t❯❑▲❖ ❏❬ t◗❖ ❯❪❭❘❇t ❭❦

④⑤⑥ t❏❪❖ ❍❖✇❘❏❍❖❳ ❦❭❍ t◗❖ ❯❊❊▲❏❑❯t❏❭❇ ❭❦ t◗❖ ❳❖❇❬❖ ❪❯t❍❏❥ ❭❦

t◗❖ ❦❭❍❞❯❍❳ ❪❭❳❖▲▲❏❇❡ ❭❊❖❍❯t❭❍❬ t❭ ❳❯t❯ ❯❇❳ ❪❭❳❖▲ ❨❖❑t❭❍❬❴

③❭ ❪❏❇❏❪❏❱❖ t◗❖❬❖ ❊❍❭❫▲❖❪❬P ❯❇ ❯▲t❖❍❇❯t❏❨❖ ❦❭❍❪❘▲❯t❏❭❇ ◗❯❬

❫❖❖❇ t❭ ❖❥❊▲❭❏t t◗❖ t❍❯❇❬▲❯t❏❭❇❯▲ ❏❇❨❯❍❏❯❇❑❖ ❭❦ t◗❖ ①❖❍❇❖▲❬ ❬❭

❯❬ t❭ ❍❖❳❘❑❖ t◗❖ ❪❯t❍❏❑❖❬ t❭ ❯ ③❭❖❊▲❏t❱ ❫▲❭❑① ❬t❍❘❑t❘❍❖ ❯❇❳ ❘❬❖

✈✈③❬ ❦❭❍ ❪❯t❍❏❥❧❨❖❑t❭❍ ❪❘▲t❏❊▲❏❑❯t❏❭❇ ⑦❖❴❡❴P ⑤❏▲①❏❇❡t❭❇ ⑧⑨⑨⑩❶

❷◗❳❯❇❭❨ ❖t ❯▲❴ ❸❹❹❺❻❴ ❼❘❑◗ ❬t❍❯t❖❡❏❖❬ ❪❏❇❏❪❏❱❖ ❪❖❪❭❍❝ ▲❏❪❏❧

t❯t❏❭❇❬ ❯❇❳ ❍❖❳❘❑❖ t◗❖ ④⑤⑥ t❏❪❖ ❳❍❯❪❯t❏❑❯▲▲❝❴ ❽❭❞❖❨❖❍P t◗❖❬❖

❪❖t◗❭❳❬ ❍❖✇❘❏❍❖ t◗❖ ❳❯t❯ t❭ ▲❏❖ ❭❨❖❍ ❯ ❍❖❡❘▲❯❍ ❡❍❏❳ ❭❇ ❯ ❦▲❯t ❬❘❍❧

❦❯❑❖ ❯❫❭❨❖ t◗❖ t❭❊❭❡❍❯❊◗❝❴ ③◗❏❬ ❏❬ ❯❊❊▲❏❑❯❫▲❖ ❏❇ ❬❭❪❖ ❬❊❖❑❏❯▲

❑❯❬❖❬P ❬❘❑◗ ❯❬ ❪❯❍❏❇❖ ❡❍❯❨❏t❝❴ ❽❭❞❖❨❖❍P ❦❭❍ ❯❏❍❫❭❍❇❖ ❬❘❍❨❖❝❬P

t◗❖ ❳❯t❯ ❪❘❬t ❫❖ ❘❊❞❯❍❳ ❑❭❇t❏❇❘❖❳ t❭ ❯ ❦▲❯t ❬❘❍❦❯❑❖❴ ③◗❏❬ ❏❬

❇❭t ❏❳❖❯▲P ❊❯❍t❏❑❘▲❯❍▲❝ ❦❭❍ ❬❘❍❨❖❝❬ ❏❇❑❭❍❊❭❍❯t❏❇❡ ❨❖❍❝ ❍❘❡❡❖❳

t❖❍❍❯❏❇❴

❾t◗❖❍ ❬t❍❯t❖❡❏❖❬ ❦❭❍ ▲❯❍❡❖❧❬❑❯▲❖ ♥q ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❏❇❨❭▲❨❖ ❬❭❪❖

❦❭❍❪ ❭❦ ❑❭❪❊❍❖❬❬❏❭❇ ⑦❖❴❡❴P ⑤❭❍t❇❏❯❡❘❏❇❖ ❯❇❳ ❷◗❳❯❇❭❨ ❸❹❹❸❶

❿❏ ❯❇❳ ❾▲❳❖❇❫❘❍❡ ❸❹❹♥❶ q❯❨❏❬ ❯❇❳ ❿❏ ❸❹⑧⑧❻❴ ❽❭❞❖❨❖❍P t◗❖

▲❏❇❖❯❍ ❭❊❖❍❯t❭❍❬ ➀➁ ❯❇❳ ➀➂ ❑❯❇ ❬t❏▲▲ ❫❖ t❭❭ ▲❯❍❡❖ t❭ ❬t❭❍❖ ❯❇❳

❪❯❇❏❊❘▲❯t❖ ❭❇ ❳❖❬①t❭❊ ❑❭❪❊❘t❖❍❬ ❦❭❍ ♥q ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❭❦ t❖❇❬ ❭❦

t◗❭❘❬❯❇❳❬ ❭❦ ❳❯t❯ t❭ ❪❭❳❖▲❬ ❞❏t◗ ❪❏▲▲❏❭❇❬ ❭❦ ❑❖▲▲❬❴ ■❇ ❊❍❯❑t❏❑❖P

▲❯❍❡❖ ❬❘❍❨❖❝❬ ❯❍❖ ❘❬❘❯▲▲❝ ❳❏❨❏❳❖❳ ❏❇t❭ ❬❘❫❬❖t❬ ❯❇❳ ❖❯❑◗ ❭❦ t◗❖❬❖

❏❬ ❏❇❨❖❍t❖❳❞❏t◗ t◗❖ ❍❖❬❘▲t❏❇❡ ♥q ❖❯❍t◗ ❪❭❳❖▲❬ ❬t❏t❑◗❖❳ t❭❡❖t◗❖❍

❊❭❬t❧❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ⑦❖❴❡❴P ⑤◗❏▲▲❏❊❬ ❖t ❯▲❴ ❸❹⑧❹❻❴

■❇ ❊❭t❖❇t❏❯▲ ❦❏❖▲❳❬P ❬❖❇❬❏t❏❨❏t❝ ❭❦ t◗❖ ❳❯t❯ t❭ t◗❖ ❨❯❍❏❯t❏❭❇❬

❭❦ t◗❖ ❳❖❇❬❏t❝ ❭❍ ❪❯❡❇❖t❏❑ ❬❘❬❑❖❊t❏❫❏▲❏t❝ ❏❬ ❖❥❊❍❖❬❬❖❳ ❨❏❯ t◗❖

❯❊❊❍❭❊❍❏❯t❖ ①❖❍❇❖▲ ❦❘❇❑t❏❭❇❬ ❭❦ t◗❖ ❦❭❍❞❯❍❳ ❪❭❳❖▲▲❏❇❡ ❭❊❧

❖❍❯t❭❍❬P ❏❴❖❴P ❨❏❯ t◗❖ ❑❭❍❍❖❬❊❭❇❳❏❇❡ ➃❍❖❖❇➄❬ ❦❘❇❑t❏❭❇❬❴ ✈❭❍

❖❥❯❪❊▲❖P q❍❯❇❬❦❏❖▲❳ ⑦❸❹⑧❹❻ ❘❬❖❳ t◗❖❬❖ ➃❍❖❖❇➄❬ ❦❘❇❑t❏❭❇❬ t❭

➅➆ ✷✯➇✷ ✧✙✕✑✓♣✔✘ ✪✗✗✑♦✖✔✉✖✑✘ ✑❢ ✦♣✑✗♦✖♣✘✉✖✗✉✗ ➈ ✧✘✚✖✘♣♣✕✗✫ ➉➊➋➌➍➎➏➐➑➒➓ ➔→➋➏➌➊➑➣➐↔↕✫ ➇Ð➇✰

Page 7: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✼

❋☞✌✍✎✏ ✷ P✑✒✓✑✔✕ ✖✗ ✕✖✕✘✙ ✒✑r✚✖✔r✑ ✖✗ ✕❤✑ ✛✔✕✑✜✒✘✕✑✢ r✑✔r✛✕✛s✛✕✣ ✗✖✒

✕❤✑ s✑✒✕✛✓✘✙ ✜✒✘s✛✕✣ ✓✖❝✚✖✔✑✔✕✤ s✘✒✛✖✈r ✜✒✘s✛✕✣ ✜✒✘✢✛✑✔✕r ✘✔✢ ✕✖✕✘✙

❝✘✜✔✑✕✛✓ ✛✔✕✑✔r✛✕✣ ✘r ✘ ✗✈✔✓✕✛✖✔ ✖✗ ✗✖✖✕✚✒✛✔✕ ✒✘✢✛✈r❛ ◆✖✕✑ ✕❤✘✕ ✘r ✕❤✑

✗✖✖✕✚✒✛✔✕ ✛r r✣❝❝✑✕✒✛✓ ✛✔ ✕❤✑ ① ✘✔✢ ② ✢✛✒✑✓✕✛✖✔r✤ r✖❝✑ ✜✒✘s✛✕✣ ✜✒✘✢✛✑✔✕r

✭✑❛✜❛✤ ❣✥✥ ✘✔✢ ❣✦✦✮ ✖s✑✒✙✘✚❛

✧★✩✪✫✬✧✯✰✬✪ ✰✧✱✲✳✱★✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✳✶✪✬✱✴ ✧★✫✬✱♥✶✪★✬ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✹

✧✬✴✺ ❍✪ ✵✪✶✳★✫✬✱✰✬✪✵ ✬t✰✬ ✰✬ ✫✳✶✪ ❧✧✶✧✬✪✵ ✵✧✫✬✰★❞✪✻ ✇t✧❞t ✇✪

❞✰❧❧ ✬t✪ ♦✡✡☛♣✁✐✟☛✻ ✬t✪ ✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱ ✧✫ ★✳ ❧✳★✯✪✱ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✪ ✬✳ ✬t✪ ✽✾

✪✰✱✬t ✶✳✵✪❧✺ ❚✴✿✧❞✰❧❧✴✻ ✬t✪ ✫✧❀✪ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✧✫ ✶♥❞t ❧✪✫✫

✬t✰★ ✬t✪ ✫✧❀✪ ✳❁ ✰★ ✰✧✱✲✳✱★✪ ✫♥✱✩✪✴✺ ❚t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✫✧❀✪ ❁✳✱ ✯✱✰✩✹

✧✬✴ ❁✧✪❧✵✫ ✧✫ ✿✱✳✿✳✱✬✧✳★✰❧ ✬✳ ❂❃✁❄✻ ✰★✵ ❁✳✱ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✳✶✪✬✱✴

✰★✵ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞ ❁✧✪❧✵✫ ✧✬ ✧✫ ✿✱✳✿✳✱✬✧✳★✰❧ ✬✳ ❂❃✁❅✺

❈✳❆ ✪✬ ✰❧✺ ❇❊●❂●■ ✧★✬✱✳✵♥❞✪✵ ✬t✪ ❞✳★❞✪✿✬ ✳❁ ✰ ✶✳✩✧★✯ ❁✳✳✬✹

✿✱✧★✬ ❁✳✱ ✬t✪ ✽✾ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★ ✳❁ ❏❑▼ ✵✰✬✰✺ ❚t✪✴ ✫t✳✇✪✵ ✬t✰✬✻

❁✳✱ ✰ ✫✧★✯❧✪ ✬✱✰★✫✶✧✬✬✪✱✹✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱ ✿✰✧✱✻ ✬t✪✱✪ ✇✰✫ ★✳ ★✪✪✵ ✬✳

❞✰❧❞♥❧✰✬✪ ✬t✪ ✱✪✫✿✳★✫✪✫ ✳✱ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✧✪✫ ✲✪✴✳★✵ ✬t✪ ❏❑▼ ✫✴✫✹

✬✪✶❖✫ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✺ ❚t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✶✰✬✱✧❆ ❁✳✱ ✬t✪ ✪★✬✧✱✪ ✽✾ ✪✰✱✬t

✶✳✵✪❧ ❞✳♥❧✵ ✲✪ ❞✳★✫✬✱♥❞✬✪✵ ✰✫ ✬t✪ ✫♥✿✪✱✿✳✫✧✬✧✳★ ✳❁ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✫

❁✱✳✶ ✰❧❧ ✬✱✰★✫✶✧✬✬✪✱✹✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱ ✿✰✧✱✫✺ ❩t✵✰★✳✩ ✪✬ ✰❧✺ ❇❊●❂❂■ ✰❧✫✳

✧★✬✱✳✵♥❞✪✵ ✰ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✰✿✿✱✳✰❞t ❁✳✱ ✬t✪ ❧✰✱✯✪✹✫❞✰❧✪ ✽✾ ✧★✩✪✱✹

✫✧✳★ ✳❁ ▼❚ ✵✰✬✰✺ ❚t✪ ❁✱✰✶✪✇✳✱◗ ✳❁ ✬t✧✫ ✰✿✿✱✳✰❞t ❞✰★ ✲✪

✵✪✫❞✱✧✲✪✵ ✰✫ ❁✳❧❧✳✇✫❘ ❁✳✱ ✰ ✯✧✩✪★ ✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱✻ ❞✳✶✿♥✬✪ ✰★✵ ✫✬✳✱✪

✬t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✧✪✫ ❁✳✱ ✬t✳✫✪ ❞✪❧❧✫ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✬t✪ ✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱❖✫ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✺

❚t✪ ✫✧❀✪ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✧✫ ✲✰✫✪✵ ✳★ ✬t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴✺

❏✫ ✰★ ✰★✰❧✳✯♥✪ ✳❁ ✬t✧✫✻ ✇✪ ✧★✬✱✳✵♥❞✪ ✰ ✶✳✩✧★✯ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ❁✳✱

✽✾ ✿✳✬✪★✬✧✰❧ ❁✧✪❧✵ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★✺ ❙✧✱✫✬✻ ✇✪ ✿✱✳✩✧✵✪ ✰★ ✪❆✰✶✿❧✪✺ ❲✪

❞✰★ ✰✫✫♥✶✪✇✪ t✰✩✪ ✰★ ✧★✫✬✱♥✶✪★✬ ❯●✶ ✰✲✳✩✪ ✰ t✳✶✳✯✪★✪✳♥✫

t✰❧❁✹✫✿✰❞✪✺ ❙✧✯♥✱✪ ❊ ✫t✳✇✫ ✬t✪ ✧★✬✪✯✱✰✬✪✵ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✧✪✫ ❁✳✱ ✪✰❞t

✳❁ ✬t✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ❁✧✪❧✵✫ ✰★✵ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✪★✬✫✺ ❚t✪ ❁✧✯♥✱✪ ✫t✳✇✫

✬t✰✬ ✬t✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✪★✬✫ t✰✩✪ ✰✿✿✱✳❆✧✶✰✬✪❧✴ ❱❳❨ ✳❁ ✬t✪

✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✰ ❂❳ ◗✶ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✺ ❬★ ✬t✪ ✫✰✶✪ ❁✧✯♥✱✪✻ ✇✪

✰❧✫✳ ✫t✳✇ ✧★✬✪✯✱✰✬✪✵ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ❁✳✱ ✬t✪ ✬✳✬✰❧ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞ ✧★✬✪★✫✧✬✴

❇❚▼❬■✺ ❚t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❚▼❬ ✇✧✬t ✱✪✫✿✪❞✬ ✬✳ ✬t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬

✱✰✵✧♥✫ ✲✪t✰✩✪✫ ✫✧✶✧❧✰✱❧✴ ✬✳ ✬t✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✪★✬✫ ✇✧✬t ❭❱❳❨

✳❁ ✬t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✲✪✧★✯ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✬t✪ ❂❳ ◗✶ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✺ ❚t✧✫ ✧✫ ❁♥❧❧✴

✪❆✿✪❞✬✪✵ ✫✧★❞✪ ◗✪✱★✪❧✫ ❇ ❂✼■✻ ❇❊●■ ✰★✵ ❇✽❊■ t✰✩✪ ✫✧✶✧❧✰✱ ✫✿✰✬✧✰❧

✵✪✿✪★✵✪★❞✧✪✫✺ ❪✰✫✬ ✰ ❂❳ ◗✶ ✱✰✵✧♥✫✻ ✬t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✵✪❞✰✴✫ ✩✪✱✴

✫❧✳✇❧✴✻ ✬t✳♥✯t ✧★❞✱✪✰✫✧★✯ ✬t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✱✰✵✧♥✫ ✲✪✴✳★✵ ❂❳ ◗✶

✧✫ ★✳✬ ✿✱✰❞✬✧❞✰❧✺ ❚t✪✱✪❁✳✱✪✻ ✇✪ ❞✳★❞❧♥✵✪ ✬t✰✬ ❂❳ ◗✶ ✧✫ ✰★

✳✿✬✧✶✰❧ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✱✰✵✧♥✫ ❁✳✱ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✳✶✪✬✱✴ ✰★✵ ❚▼❬✺

❲✧✬t ✰ ✶✳✩✧★✯ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✻ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✬✳✱✫ ❫❴ ✰★✵ ❫❵

✳✿✪✱✰✬✪ ✰✫ ✫✿✰✱✫✪ ✶✰✬✱✧❞✪✫ ✇✧✬t ✱✪✵♥❞✪✵ ✶✪✶✳✱✴ ✰★✵ ❞✳✶✹

✿♥✬✰✬✧✳★✰❧ ✱✪❡♥✧✱✪✶✪★✬✫ ✰★✵ ✶✧★✧✶✰❧ ❧✳✫✫ ✳❁ ✰❞❞♥✱✰❞✴✺ ❚t✪

★♥✶✲✪✱ ✳❁ ★✳★✹❀✪✱✳ ✪❧✪✶✪★✬✫ ✧★ ✪✰❞t ✱✳✇ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✹

✪✱✰✬✳✱✫ ✧✫ ❥♥✫✬ ✬t✪ ★♥✶✲✪✱ ✳❁ ✪❧✪✶✪★✬✫ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✪✰❞t ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬

✱✰✬t✪✱ ✬t✰★ ✬t✪ ✬✳✬✰❧ ★♥✶✲✪✱ ✳❁ ✪❧✪✶✪★✬✫ ✧★ ✬t✪ ✶✳✵✪❧✺ ❬★

✿✱✰❞✬✧❞✪✻ ✇✪ ✰✩✳✧✵ ✵✧✱✪❞✬ ✫✬✳✱✰✯✪ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✬✳✱✫ ✲✴

✱✪✹❞✳✶✿♥✬✧★✯ ✬t✪✶ ✰✫ ✱✪❡♥✧✱✪✵✺ ❜★ ✳★✪ t✰★✵✻ ✬t✧✫ ✰✵✵✫ ✪❆✹

✬✱✰ ❞✳✶✿♥✬✰✬✧✳★✰❧ ✲♥✱✵✪★ ✬✳ ✪✰❞t ✧✬✪✱✰✬✧✳★✻ ✪✩✪★ ✬t✳♥✯t ✬t✪✫✪

❞✳✶✿♥✬✰✬✧✳★✫ ✰✱✪ ✳❁ ✫✧✶✿❧✪ ✯✪✳✶✪✬✱✧❞ ❁♥★❞✬✧✳★✫ ✰★✵ ❡♥✧❞◗❧✴

✪✩✰❧♥✰✬✪✵✺ ❜★ ✬t✪ ✳✬t✪✱ t✰★✵✻ ✲✴ ★✳✬ ✪❆✿❧✧❞✧✬❧✴ ❞✳★✫✬✱♥❞✬✧★✯

✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✬✳✱✫✻ ✳♥✱ ✶✪✶✳✱✴ ✱✪❡♥✧✱✪✶✪★✬✫ ✰✱✪ ✪❆✬✱✪✶✪❧✴

✫✶✰❧❧✻ ✶✪✰★✧★✯ ✇✪ ✰✱✪ ✪❁❁✪❞✬✧✩✪❧✴ ♥★❧✧✶✧✬✪✵ ✧★ ✬t✪ ✫✧❀✪ ✳❁ ✬t✪

✧★✩✪✱✫✪ ✿✱✳✲❧✪✶ ✬t✰✬ ✇✪ ❞✰★ ❞✳★✫✧✵✪✱✺

❬★ ✳♥✱ ✧✶✿❧✪✶✪★✬✰✬✧✳★✻ ✇✪ ★✳✬✪ ✬t✰✬ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✬✳✱✫

❫❴ ✰★✵ ❫❵ ❞✰★ ✲✪ ✿✰✱✬✧✬✧✳★✪✵ ✬✳ ❞✳★✬✰✧★ ✰★ ✰✱✲✧✬✱✰✱✴ ❞✳✶✹

✲✧★✰✬✧✳★ ✳❁ ❞✳✶✿✳★✪★✬✫ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✳✱ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞ ❁✧✪❧✵✫✻ ✱✪✹

✫✿✪❞✬✧✩✪❧✴✺ ❏✫ ✫♥❞t✻ ✇✪ ❞✰★ ❥✳✧★✬❧✴ ✧★✩✪✱✬ ✰★✴ ❞✳✶✲✧★✰✬✧✳★ ✳❁

✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✳✱ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞ ✵✰✬✰ ✲♥✬ ★✳✬ ❥✳✧★✬ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ �✟❢ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞

✵✰✬✰✺ ❦✳✬✪ ✰❧✫✳ ✬t✰✬ ✳♥✱ ✧✶✿❧✪✶✪★✬✰✬✧✳★ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✹

✬✳✱✫ ❫❴ ✰★✵ ❫♠ ✧★❞❧♥✵✪✫ ✲✳✬t ✬✳✿✳✯✱✰✿t✴ ✰★✵ ✩✰✱✧✰✲❧✪ ❁❧✧✯t✬

t✪✧✯t✬✻ ✳✲✩✧✰✬✧★✯ ✬t✪ ★✪✪✵ ✰✬ ❧✪✰✫✬ ❁✳✱ ♥✿✇✰✱✵ ❞✳★✬✧★♥✰✬✧✳★

✳❁ ✵✰✬✰✺ ❙✳✱ ✧✶✿✱✳✩✪✵ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★ ✱✪✫♥❧✬✫✻ ✬✪✱✱✰✧★ ❞✳✱✱✪❞✬✧✳★✫ ✬✳

✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✵✰✬✰ ✰✱✪ ✫✬✧❧❧ ✱✪❡♥✧✱✪✵ ✬t✳♥✯t✻ ✿✰✱✬✧❞♥❧✰✱❧✴ ✧★ ✱✪✯✧✳★✫

✳❁ ✱✳♥✯t ✬✳✿✳✯✱✰✿t✴✺ ❜✿✿✳✱✬♥★✧✬✴ ✵✳✪✫ ✪❆✧✫✬ t✳✇✪✩✪✱✻ ✬✳ ✿✪✱✹

❁✳✱✶ ✬✪✱✱✰✧★ ❞✳✱✱✪❞✬✧✳★✫ ✰✫ ✿✰✱✬ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★ ✿✱✳❞✪✫✫ ✰★✵

✬t✧✫ ✧✫ ✰ ✫♥✲❥✪❞✬ ✳❁ ✳★✹✯✳✧★✯ ✱✪✫✪✰✱❞t✺

q✉q ③④⑤④⑥⑥⑦⑥ ⑧⑨⑩⑥⑦⑨⑦❶❷④❷⑧❸❶

❜♥✱ ✽✾ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★ ✫✳❁✬✇✰✱✪ ✧✫ ✧✶✿❧✪✶✪★✬✪✵ ✰✫ ✰ ✶♥❧✬✧❧✪✩✪❧

✿✰✱✰❧❧✪❧ ✰✿✿❧✧❞✰✬✧✳★✺ ❚t✪ ✽✾ ✪✰✱✬t ✶✳✵✪❧ ✧✫ ✵✧✩✧✵✪✵ ✧★ ✰ ✵✧✫✹

✬✱✧✲♥✬✪✵ ❁✰✫t✧✳★ ✳✩✪✱ ✬t✪ ▼✪✫✫✰✯✪ ❪✰✫✫✧★✯ ❬★✬✪✱❁✰❞✪ ❇▼❪❬■✺

❜★ ✰ ❁✧★✪✹✯✱✰✧★✪✵ ❧✪✩✪❧✻ ❧✳✳✿✫ ✳✩✪✱ ✬t✪ ✳✲✫✪✱✩✰✬✧✳★ ✿✳✧★✬✫

❇✧✺✪✺✻ ✵✰✬✰ ✿✳✧★✬✫■ ✰★✵ ✰ ❁✪✇ ✳✬t✪✱ ✰♥❆✧❧✧✰✱✴ ❧✳✳✿✫ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✪✰❞t

▼❪❬ ✿✱✳❞✪✫✫ ✰✱✪ ❁♥✱✬t✪✱ ✿✰✱✰❧❧✪❧✧❀✪✵ ✇✧✬t ✰ ✫t✰✱✪✵ ✶✪✶✳✱✴

❜✿✪★▼❪ ✫✬✰★✵✰✱✵✺ ❚t✧✫ ✬✇✳✹❧✪✩✪❧ ✰✿✿✱✳✰❞t t✰✫ ✶♥❧✬✧✿❧✪ ✰✵✹

✩✰★✬✰✯✪✫✺ ❙✧✱✫✬✻ ✧✬ ✱✪✵♥❞✪✫ ✬t✪ ★♥✶✲✪✱ ✳❁ ▼❪❬ ❞✳✶✶♥★✧❞✰✬✹

✧★✯ ✿✱✳❞✪✫✫✪✫✻ ✯✱✪✰✬❧✴ ✱✪✵♥❞✧★✯ ❞✳✶✶♥★✧❞✰✬✧✳★ ✫✬✱✪✫✫ ✳★ ✬t✪

★✪✬✇✳✱◗✺ ❬✬ ✰❧✫✳ ✬✪★✵✫ ✬✳ ✫✰✩✪ ✶✪✶✳✱✴ ✫✧★❞✪ ✬t✪✱✪ ✰✱✪ ✵✰✬✰

❹❺ ❻❼❽❻ ❾✈✒✖✚✑✘✔ ❿rr✖✓✛✘✕✛✖✔ ✖✗ ➀✑✖r✓✛✑✔✕✛r✕r ➁ ❾✔✜✛✔✑✑✒r✤ ➂➃➄➅➆②➇➈➉➊➋ ➌➍➄➇➅➃➉➎➈➏❣✤ ❽Ð❽➐

Page 8: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✽ ▼� ❈✁✂✄☎ ●�✳� ❲✐✆✝✞✟ ✄✟❛ ▼�✠� ❩❤❛✄✟✞✡

s☛☞✌✍☛✌☞✎s ♥✎✎✏✑♥✒ ☛♦ ❜✎ ☞✎❡✓✑✍✔☛✎✏ ❜✕ ✎✔✍✖ ❡☞♦✍✎ss ✔♥✏ ♠♦s☛

♦✗ ☛✖✎ ✏✔☛✔ ✔☞✎ s✖✔☞✎✏ ❜✕ ☛✖✎ ❖❡✎♥✘✙ ☛✖☞✎✔✏s✚ ❋✑♥✔✓✓✕✛ ✑☛ ✔✓❧

✓♦✜s ✗♦☞ ❜✎☛☛✎☞ ✓♦✍✔✓✑☛✕ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✎s♣☛✖☞✎✔✏s ♦♥ ☛✖✎ ♥♦✏✎✢s

❜♦✔☞✏s ✔♥✏ s♦✍✣✎☛s✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ✑♠❡☞♦✤✎s ✏✔☛✔ ☛☞✔♥s✗✎☞s ☛♦♣✗☞♦♠

☛✖✎ ♠✔✑♥ ♠✎♠♦☞✕✚ ❚✖✑s ✏✔☛✔ ✓♦✍✔✓✑☛✕ ✑s ✍☞✑☛✑✍✔✓ ♦♥ ✍✌☞☞✎♥☛

♥♦♥❧✌♥✑✗♦☞♠ ♠✎♠♦☞✕ ✔☞✍✖✑☛✎✍☛✌☞✎ ✭◆✥✘✦✧ ✍♦♠❡✌☛✎☞s ✜✑☛✖

✔ ✒☞♦✜✑♥✒ ♥✌♠❜✎☞ ♦✗ ★✙✥ ✍♦☞✎s✚

■♥ ✔ ☛✕❡✑✍✔✓ ✍✓✌s☛✎☞ ✍♦♥✗✑✒✌☞✔☛✑♦♥✛ ✜✎ ☞✌♥ ♦♥✎ ♦☞ ☛✜♦ ✘✙■

❡☞♦✍✎ss✎s ❡✎☞ ✍✓✌s☛✎☞ ♥♦✏✎ ✔♥✏ ✎✔✍✖ ♦✗ ☛✖✎s✎ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✎s ✓✔✌♥✍✖✎s

✔ ♥✌♠❜✎☞ ♦✗ ❖❡✎♥✘✙ ☛✖☞✎✔✏s ❧ ♦♥✎ ☛✖☞✎✔✏ ❡✎☞ ❡☞♦✍✎ss♦☞ ✍♦☞✎✚

❚✖✎ ✍✌☞☞✎♥☛ ✒✎♥✎☞✔☛✑♦♥ ♦✗ ✍✓✌s☛✎☞s s✖✑❡s ✜✑☛✖ ☛✜♦ ✖✎✩✔❧✍♦☞✎

★✙✥s ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ✶✪ ✍♦☞✎s✧ ❡✎☞ ♥♦✏✎✚ ✫✎ ✗♦✌♥✏ ☛✖✔☛ ✑☛ ✑s ♦❡☛✑♠✔✓ ☛♦

☞✌♥ ♦♥✎ ✘✙■ ❡☞♦✍✎ss ❡✎☞ s♦✍✣✎☛ ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ☛✜♦ ❡✎☞ ♥♦✏✎✧✛ ✜✑☛✖ s✑✩

❖❡✎♥✘✙ ☛✖☞✎✔✏s ❡✎☞ ✘✙■ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✚ ❚✖✑s ✖✔s ☛✖✎ ✔✏✤✔♥☛✔✒✎ ♦✗

❡✑♥♥✑♥✒ ☛✖✎ ❡☞♦✍✎ss ☛♦ ☛✖✎ ★✙✥ s♦✍✣✎☛ s♦ ☛✖✔☛ ✑☛ ✏♦✎s ♥♦☛ ♠♦✤✎

✗☞♦♠ ♦♥✎ s♦✍✣✎☛ ☛♦ ✔♥♦☛✖✎☞✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ✑♠❡☞♦✤✎s ☛✖✎ ♠✎♠♦☞✕ ❡✎☞❧

✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎✚ ✫✎ ✗♦✌♥✏ ☛✖✔☛ ✜✑☛✖♦✌☛ ❡✑♥♥✑♥✒✛ ☛✖✎ ❡✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎

✍✔♥ ✏✎✒☞✔✏✎ ❜✕ ✌❡ ☛♦ ✪✷✬✚

✦♥♦☛✖✎☞ ✑♠❡♦☞☛✔♥☛ ✔s❡✎✍☛ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ ❡☞♦✒☞✔♠ ✑s ✗✑✓✎ ♠✔♥✔✒✎❧

♠✎♥☛✚ ✫✎ ♥✎✎✏ ☛♦ ✓♦✔✏ ☛✖✎ ✑♥❡✌☛s ✗♦☞ ☛✖✎ ✑♥✤✎☞s✑♦♥ ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ♦❜❧

s✎☞✤✎✏ ✏✔☛✔ ✔♥✏ ✔ ❡☞✑♦☞✑ ♠♦✏✎✓✧ ✔♥✏ s✔✤✎ ☛✖✎ ♦✌☛❡✌☛s ✗☞♦♠

✸✮ ✑♥✤✎☞s✑♦♥ ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ❡☞✎✏✑✍☛✎✏ ✗✑✎✓✏ ✏✔☛✔ ✔♥✏ ✗✑♥✔✓ ♠♦✏✎✓✧✚ ❋♦☞

✓✔☞✒✎❧s✍✔✓✎ ✑♥✤✎☞s✑♦♥✛ ☛✖✎ s✖✎✎☞ s✑✯✎ ♦✗ ☛✖✎s✎ ✏✔☛✔ s✎☛s ☞✎✰✌✑☞✎s

✔♥ ✑♥☛✎✓✓✑✒✎♥☛ ✗✑✓✎ ♠✔♥✔✒✎♠✎♥☛ ✏✎s✑✒♥✚ ✫✎ ✑♠❡✓✎♠✎♥☛✎✏ s✎✤❧

✎☞✔✓ ■♣❖ ♦❡☛✑♦♥s✚ ✙✓✔✑♥ ☛✎✩☛ ✔♥✏♣♦☞ ❜✑♥✔☞✕ ■♣❖ ✑s ✤✎☞✕ s✓♦✜ ✗♦☞

✸✮ ♠♦✏✎✓s ✜✑☛✖ ✖✌♥✏☞✎✏s ♦✗ ♠✑✓✓✑♦♥s ☛♦ ❜✑✓✓✑♦♥s ♦✗ ✍✎✓✓s✚ ❋♦☞

✑♠❡☞♦✤✎✏ ■♣❖ ❡✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎✛ ✜✎ ✑♥✍♦☞❡♦☞✔☛✎✏ ♦♥❧☛✖✎❧✗✓✕ ✯✑❡ ✗✑✓✎

✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✑♦♥ ✔♥✏ ❜♦☛✖ s✎☞✑✔✓ ✔♥✏ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ ❍✮❋✱ s✌❡❡♦☞☛✚ ❇♦☛✖

☛✖✎ ✯✑❡ ✗✑✓✎s ✔♥✏ s✎☞✑✔✓ ❍✮❋✱ ✗✑✓✎s ✔☞✎ ✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✎✏✛ ❜✌☛ ✜✎ ✎♥✏

✌❡ ✜✑☛✖ ♦♥✎ ✗✑✓✎ ❡✎☞ ✘✙■ ❡☞♦✍✎ss ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ❡♦☛✎♥☛✑✔✓✓✕ ✖✌♥✏☞✎✏s ♦✗

✗✑✓✎s ❡✎☞ ✸✮ ♠♦✏✎✓✧✚ ✙✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ ❍✮❋✱ ✎♥✔❜✓✎s ✌s ☛♦ ✜☞✑☛✎ ✔ s✑♥✒✓✎

✗✑✓✎ ✗☞♦♠ ✔✓✓ ✘✙■ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✎s✚ ❍♦✜✎✤✎☞✛ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ ❍✮❋✱ ✏♦✎s ♥♦☛

s✌❡❡♦☞☛ ✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✑♦♥✚ ■♥ ♦✌☞ ☛✎s☛s✛ ✜✎ ✗♦✌♥✏ ☛✖✔☛ ☛✖✎ ✍♦♠❧

❡☞✎ss✑♦♥ ✑s ✍☞✑☛✑✍✔✓ ✗♦☞ ✒♦♦✏ ■♣❖ ❡✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎✚ ❋✌☞☛✖✎☞♠♦☞✎✛

☛✖✎ ✯✑❡ ✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✑♦♥ ✑s s✓✑✒✖☛✓✕ ✗✔s☛✎☞ ☛✖✔♥ ❍✮❋✱✛ s♦ ✜✎ ✌s✎✏

✯✑❡ ✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✑♦♥ ✗♦☞ ✔✓✓ ■♣❖ ❡☞✎s✎♥☛✎✏ ✑♥ ☛✖✑s ❡✔❡✎☞✚

■♥ ♦☞✏✎☞ ☛♦ ❜✎ ✔❜✓✎ ☛♦ ✑♥✤✎☞☛ ♠✑✓✓✑♦♥s ♦✗ ✏✔☛✔ ☛♦ ✸✮ ✎✔☞☛✖

♠♦✏✎✓s ✜✑☛✖ ✖✌♥✏☞✎✏s ♦✗ ♠✑✓✓✑♦♥s ☛♦ ❜✑✓✓✑♦♥s ♦✗ ✍✎✓✓s✛ ✜✎ ✎✤✔✓❧

✌✔☛✎ ☛✖✎ ✗♦♦☛❡☞✑♥☛ ☞✔✏✑✑ ✔♥✏ ✓✑♥✎✔☞ ♦❡✎☞✔☛♦☞s ✜✑☛✖✑♥ ✎✔✍✖ ✗♦♦☛❧

❡☞✑♥☛ ✔s ♥✎✎✏✎✏✚ ❋♦☞ ✓✔☞✒✎❧s✍✔✓✎ ♠♦✏✎✓s✛ ✎✤✎♥ ❥✌s☛ s☛♦☞✑♥✒ ☛✖✎

✗♦♦☛❡☞✑♥☛ ✍✎✓✓ ✑♥✏✑✍✎s ✗♦☞ ✎✔✍✖ ✏✔☛✌♠ ✜♦✌✓✏ ✎✩✍✎✎✏ ✔✤✔✑✓✔❜✓✎

s✕s☛✎♠ ♠✎♠♦☞✕✚ ✫✎ ♦❡☛✑♠✑✯✎✏ ✍♦♠❡✌☛✔☛✑♦♥s ✑♥✤♦✓✤✑♥✒ ☛✖✎

✣✎☞♥✎✓s✛ ☞✎❧✌s✑♥✒ ✔s ♠✔♥✕ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ ✤✔☞✑✔❜✓✎s ✔s ❡♦ss✑❜✓✎ ✔♥✏ ☞✎❧

♦☞✏✎☞✑♥✒ ☛✖✎ ✓♦♦❡s ✑♥ ♦☞✏✎☞ ☛♦ ✎✩❡✓♦✑☛ ☛✖✎ ✤✎✍☛♦☞✑✯✔☛✑♦♥ ✑♥s☛☞✌✍❧

☛✑♦♥s ♦✗ ♠♦✏✎☞♥ ★✙✥s✚ ❚✖✑s ☞✎s✌✓☛✎✏ ✑♥ ✔ s✎✤✎☞✔✓❧✗♦✓✏ s❡✎✎✏✌❡

✔s ✍♦♠❡✔☞✎✏ ☛♦ ✌♥♦❡☛✑♠✑✯✎✏ ✤✎☞s✑♦♥s✚ ❖✌☞ ✸✮ ✑♥✤✎☞s✑♦♥ ✑s

☞✎✓✔☛✑✤✎✓✕ ✓✑✒✖☛ ✑♥ ✘✙■ ✍♦♠♠✌♥✑✍✔☛✑♦♥✛ ✓✔☞✒✎✓✕ ☛✖✔♥✣s ☛♦ ☛✖✎

✓✑♥✎✔☞✑☛✕ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ ✗♦☞✜✔☞✏ ♠♦✏✎✓✓✑♥✒ ♦❡✎☞✔☛♦☞s✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ♠✔✣✎s ✔✓✓

✲✴✵✹✺✻ ✼ P✾✿✾❀❀❁❀ ❂❃✾❀❄❅❆ ❁❉❉❄❃❄❁❅❃❊ ❉❢✿ ❏❑ ❄❅▲❁✿❂❄❢❅ ❢❉ t◗❁ ❱✿❁r❁❉❢✿t

❘❙❯❳❨❬ ✾❄✿❭❢✿❅❁ ❆✿✾▲❄t❊ ❆✿✾r❄❢❣❁t✿❊ ❃✾❂❁ ❂t❪r❊ ❢❉ ❫❄❀❂❢❅ ❁t ✾❀❴

❵❝❞❦❦q❴ ✉t✿❢❅❆ ❂❃✾❀❄❅❆ ❄❂ ❂◗❢✈❅ ❄❅ ❭❀❪❁ ✾❅r ✈❁✾✇ ❂❃✾❀❄❅❆ ❄❂ ❂◗❢✈❅ ❄❅

✿❁r❴

✍✎✓✓s ✑♥✏✎❡✎♥✏✎♥☛ ♦✗ ✎✔✍✖ ♦☛✖✎☞✚ ✘♦s☛ ✘✙■ ✍♦♠♠✌♥✑✍✔☛✑♦♥

✑s ✓♦✍✔☛✎✏ ✑♥ ✔✍✍✌♠✌✓✔☛✑♦♥ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ s✎♥s✑☛✑✤✑☛✑✎s ✔♥✏ ✑♥ ☞✎✒✌✓✔☞❧

✑✯✔☛✑♦♥ ✔s ☞✎✏✌✍☛✑♦♥ ♦❡✎☞✔☛✑♦♥s✚ ❚✖✔♥✣s ☛♦ ☛✖✑s✛ ☛✖✎ ❡☞♦✒☞✔♠

✎✩✖✑❜✑☛s ✎✩✍✎✓✓✎♥☛ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ s✍✔✓✑♥✒✚

✙✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✑s ✌s✌✔✓✓✕ ✎✤✔✓✌✔☛✎✏ ✜✑☛✖ ☛✜♦ ✏✑✗✗✎☞✎♥☛ ♠✎☛❧

☞✑✍s✚ ❚✖✎ ✗✑☞s☛ ♦♥✎ ✑s ✍✔✓✓✎✏ ✝①②✞✟③ ✝④✄✆✐✟③✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ♠✎✔s✌☞✎s

❡✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎ ♦✗ ✔ ✗✑✩✎✏ ❡☞♦❜✓✎♠ s✑✯✎ ✜✑☛✖ ✔♥ ✑♥✍☞✎✔s✑♥✒ ♥✌♠❧

❜✎☞ ♦✗ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛s✚ ■✗ ☛✖✎ ✔♠♦✌♥☛ ♦✗ ☛✑♠✎ ☛♦ ✗✑♥✑s✖ ☛✖✎

✜♦☞✣ ♦♥ ♦♥✎ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛ ✑s ①⑤ ✔♥✏ ☛✖✎ ☛✑♠✎ ☛♦ ✗✑♥✑s✖

✜♦☞✣ ♦♥ ⑥ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛s ✑s ①⑦✛ ☛✖✎♥ ☛✖✎ s☛☞♦♥✒ s✍✔✓✑♥✒

✎✗✗✑✍✑✎♥✍✕ ✑s ✎✩❡☞✎ss✎✏ ✔s⑧

⑥①⑤

①⑦⑨ ✶✷✷✬⑩ ✭✸❶✧

✦♥♦☛✖✎☞ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✎✤✔✓✌✔☛✑♦♥ ♠✎☛☞✑✍ ✑s ❷❸✄❹ ✝④✄✆✐✟③✛

✜✖✑✍✖ ☞✎✓✔☛✎s ☛✖✎ ☛✑♠✎ ☛♦ ✍♦♠❡✓✎☛✎ ♦♥✎ ✌♥✑☛ ♦✗ ✜♦☞✣ ♦♥ ♦♥✎

❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛✛ ①⑤✛ ☛♦ ☛✖✎ ☛✑♠✎ ☛♦ ❡✎☞✗♦☞♠ ⑥ ✌♥✑☛s ♦✗ ✜♦☞✣

♦♥ ⑥ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛s✛ ①⑦✛ ✔s⑧

①⑤

①⑦⑨ ✶✷✷✬⑩ ✭❺✷✧

■♥ ❜♦☛✖ ✍✔s✎s✛ ✑✏✎✔✓ ✭✓✑♥✎✔☞✧ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✑s ✶✷✷✬✚ ✦♥✕ s✍✔✓✑♥✒

❜✎✓♦✜ ✶✷✷✬ ✑s s✌❜✓✑♥✎✔☞✚ ✦♥✕ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✔❜♦✤✎ ✶✷✷✬ ✑s s✌❡✎☞❧

✓✑♥✎✔☞✚ ✫✎ ♥♦☛✎ ☛✖✔☛ ✑☛ ✑s ❡♦ss✑❜✓✎ ☛♦ ✔✍✖✑✎✤✎ s✌❡✎☞✓✑♥✎✔☞ s✍✔✓❧

✑♥✒ ✏✌✎ ☛♦ ✖✔☞✏✜✔☞✎ ✔☞✍✖✑☛✎✍☛✌☞✔✓ ✗✎✔☛✌☞✎s ☛✖✔☛ ♠✌✓☛✑❡☞♦✍✎ss♦☞

❡☞♦✒☞✔♠s ✍✔♥ ✎✩❡✓♦✑☛✚

✫✎ ✎✤✔✓✌✔☛✎✏ ☛✖✎ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ ✎✗✗✑✍✑✎♥✍✕ ♦✗ ♦✌☞ s♦✗☛✜✔☞✎ ✌s✑♥✒

☛✖✎ ✥♥✑✤✎☞s✑☛✕ ♦✗ ✥☛✔✖ ★✎♥☛✎☞ ✗♦☞ ❍✑✒✖ ✙✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎ ★♦♠❧

❡✌☛✑♥✒✢s ❻♠❜✎☞ ✍✓✌s☛✎☞✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ✖✔s ✪❼✷ ♥♦✏✎s✛ ✎✔✍✖ ✎✰✌✑❡❡✎✏

✜✑☛✖ ☛✜♦ ✖✎✩✔❧✍♦☞✎ ■♥☛✎✓ ❽✎♦♥ ★✙✥s ✭✶✪ ✍♦☞✎s♣♥♦✏✎✧ ☞✌♥♥✑♥✒

✔☛ ✪✚✽ ❾❍✯ ✜✑☛✖ ✪❺ ❾❇ ♦✗ ❿✦✘ ✔♥✏ ✔ ➀✮❿ ■♥✗✑♥✑❇✔♥✏ ✑♥☛✎☞❧

✍♦♥♥✎✍☛✚ ❋✑✒✌☞✎ ✸ s✖♦✜s ☛✖✎ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✎✗✗✑✍✑✎♥✍✕ ✜✑☛✖

☛✖✎ ➁☞✎✏✎✗♦☞☛ ❋✦➂★❖◆ ✍✔s✎ s☛✌✏✕ ❜✕ ✫✑✓s♦♥✛ ★✌♠✔ ✔♥✏

➃➄ ❝❞❦❝ ➅❪✿❢➆❁✾❅ ❙❂❂❢❃❄✾t❄❢❅ ❢❉ ➇❁❢❂❃❄❁❅t❄❂t❂ ➈ ➅❅❆❄❅❁❁✿❂➉ ➊➋➌➍➎➏➐➑➒➓➔ →➣➌➐➍➋➒↔➑↕➙➉ ❦Ð❦➛

Page 9: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✾

❩☞✌✍✎✏✑ ✭✒✓✔✔✕✖ ■✎ t☞❤ ❝✍✗❤ ✏✘ ✗ts✏✎✙ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙✜ ✍✗ ✌❤❞✛❝t❤✌

❜✢ t☞❤ ❜✚✣❤ ✚✛✎❤ ✛✎ ❋✛✙✖ ✤✜ ✇❤ ❝☞✏✗❤ ✍ ✤✥ ♠✏✌❤✚ ✇✛t☞ ✦✔✔

♠✛✚✚✛✏✎ ❝❤✚✚✗ ✍✎✌ ✦✻✓✓✓✓✓ ✌✍t✍✖ ❚☞❤ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙ ❤✘✘✛❝✛❤✎❝✢ ✛✗ ❤❡✧

❝❤✚✚❤✎t ✘s✏♠ ✔✶★✒✶✶ ❝✏s❤✗✖ ❲❤ ✗❤❤ ✍ ✌s✏❞ ✍t ✺✩✻ ❝✏s❤✗✖ ❚☞✛✗

✛✗ ✌✣❤ t✏ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✔✒ s✍t☞❤s t☞✍✎ ✻ t☞s❤✍✌✗ ❞❤s ❞s✏❝❤✗✗✖ ❚☞❤

♠❤♠✏s✢ ✚✏✍✌ ✛✗ ♠✣❝☞ ♠✏s❤ ✣✎❤✑❤✎ ✘✏s t☞❤ ✗✛✎✙✚❤ ▼P■ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗

✗☞✍s✛✎✙ t☞s❤✍✌✗ ✏✎ ❜✏t☞ ❈P✪ ✗✏❝✫❤t✗ ✇✛t☞✛✎ t☞❤ ✎✏✌❤✜ ✇☞✛❝☞

✌❤❝s❤✍✗❤✗ t☞❤ ❤✘✘✛❝✛❤✎❝✢ ❜✢ ✔✺✬✖ ❚☞❤ ✇❤✍✫ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙✜ ✌❤❞✛❝t❤✌

❜✢ t☞❤ s❤✌ ✚✛✎❤ ✛✎ ❋✛✙✖ ✤✜ ✑✍s✛❤✌ t☞❤ ✎✣♠❜❤s ✏✘ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ❝❤✚✚✗

✘s✏♠ ✦✔✔ ♠✛✚✚✛✏✎ ❝❤✚✚✗ ✏✎ ✔✶ ❝✏s❤✗ t✏ ✦✤✺✓ ♠✛✚✚✛✏✎ ❝❤✚✚✗ ✏✎

✺✩✻ ❝✏s❤✗✖ ❆✙✍✛✎✜ t☞❤ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙ ✛✗ ✎❤✍s✚✢ ✚✛✎❤✍s ✇✛t☞ ✍ ✔✧✒ ✬ ✌✛✘✧

✘❤s❤✎❝❤✜ ✇☞✛❝☞ ❝✍✎ ❜❤ ✍tts✛❜✣t❤✌ t✏ ✗✢✗t❤♠ ✎✏✛✗❤✖ ❚☞❤ ✏✣t❝✏♠❤

✘s✏♠ t☞❤ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙ ✍✎✍✚✢✗✛✗ ✛✗ ✗❤✑❤s✍✚✧✘✏✚✌✖ ❋✛s✗t✜ ✏✣s ✤✥ ✛✎✑❤s✧

✗✛✏✎ ✗✏✘t✇✍s❤ ✗☞✏✇✗ ✎❤✍s✧✚✛✎❤✍s ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙ ✍✎✌ ✛t ✛✗ ❤❡❞❤❝t❤✌ t✏

✗❝✍✚❤ ✇❤✚✚ t✏ ♠✍✗✗✛✑❤✚✢ ❞✍s✍✚✚❤✚ ❝✏♠❞✣t❤s✗ ✇✛t☞ t☞✏✣✗✍✎✌✗ ✏✘

❝✏s❤✗✖ ❙❤❝✏✎✌✜ ✇❤ ✛✌❤✎t✛✘✛❤✌ ☞✏✇ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗ ✍✎✌ t☞s❤✍✌ ✚✏❝✍✚✛t✢ ✛✗

❝s✛t✛❝✍✚ ✛✎ ✍❝☞✛❤✑✛✎✙ ✏❞t✛♠✍✚ ❞❤s✘✏s♠✍✎❝❤✜ ✇✛t☞ ▼P■ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗❤✗

❜✏✣✎✌ ✏✎❤ ❞❤s ✗✏❝✫❤t ❜❤✛✎✙ t☞❤ ❜❤✗t ❝☞✏✛❝❤✖

✹ ✮✯✰✱ ✰✲✳✴✵ ✷ ✲ ✼✽✽✼✿✰ ❀ ❖✿✲✯❁✼❖

❲❤ ✛✎✌❤❞❤✎✌❤✎t✚✢ ✍❞❞✚✛❤✌ ✏✣s ✚✍s✙❤✧✗❝✍✚❤ ✤✥ ❞✏t❤✎t✛✍✚ ✘✛❤✚✌

✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✇✛t☞ ✍ ♠✏✑✛✎✙ ✘✏✏t❞s✛✎t t✏ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✍✛s❜✏s✎❤ ✙s✍✑✧

✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛✏♠❤ts✢ ✭❆❅❅✕ ✍✎✌ ❚▼■ ✌✍t✍ ✍❝❛✣✛s❤✌ ✏✑❤s t☞❤ ❚✛♠✧

♠✛✎✗ ✌✛✗ts✛❝t ✛✎ ❃✎t✍s✛✏✜ ❈✍✎✍✌✍✖ ❚✛♠♠✛✎✗ ✛✗ s❤❞s❤✗❤✎t✍t✛✑❤

✏✘ ❆s❝☞❤✍✎ t❤ss✍✎❤✗ ✍✎✌ ✛✗ ✚✏❝✍t❤✌ ✛✎ t☞❤ ❆❜✛t✛❜✛ ❙✣❜❞s✏✑✛✎❝❤✜

✛✎❝✚✣✌✛✎✙ ❤✍✗t ✏✘ t☞❤▼✍tt✍✙✍♠✛ ❘✛✑❤s ❋✍✣✚t✖ ❚☞❤ ✍s❤✍ ✛✗ ✣✎✌❤s✧

✚✍✛✎ ❜✢ ❆s❝☞❤✍✎ ✭✦✒✖✩ ❜✖✢✖✕ ♠✍✘✛❝ ✛✎ts✣✗✛✑❤✗ ✍✎✌ ♠❤t✍✑✏✚❝✍✎✛❝

s✏❝✫✗ ✛✎ t☞❤ ❤✍✗t ✍✎✌ ✘❤✚✗✛❝ t✏ ✛✎t❤s♠❤✌✛✍t❤ ♠❤t✍✑✏✚❝✍✎✛❝ s✏❝✫✗

✛✎ t☞❤ ✇❤✗t✖ ❄❄❲✧✗ts✛✫✛✎✙ Ps✏t❤s✏❇✏✛❝ ✌✛✍❜✍✗❤ ✌✢✫❤✗ ✍s❤ ❤✑✛✧

✌❤✎t ✛✎ t☞❤ ❚▼■ ✌✍t✍✖ ❈✏❞❞❤s ✍✎✌ ✚❤✍✌✧❇✛✎❝ ✑❤✛✎❊s❤❞✚✍❝❤♠❤✎t

✍✎✌ ✗ts✍t✍❜✏✣✎✌✜ ✑✏✚❝✍✎✏✙❤✎✛❝ ♠✍✗✗✛✑❤ ✗✣✚❞☞✛✌❤ ✭●▼❙✕ ♠✛✎✧

❤s✍✚✛❇✍t✛✏✎ ✏❝❝✣s ✛✎ t☞❤ ✛♠♠❤✌✛✍t❤ ✑✛❝✛✎✛t✢ ✭❙✎✢✌❤s ❤t ✍✚✖ ✒✓✓✶✕✖

❋✏s ❤❡✍♠❞✚❤✜ t☞❤ ❑✛✌✌ ❈s❤❤✫ ●▼❙ ✌❤❞✏✗✛t ✏❝❝✣s✗ ✇✛t☞✛✎ t☞❤

✗✣s✑❤✢ ✍s❤✍✖

❍❏◆❏◗ ❯✉✁✠✄❱ ❢✄✆✝✁✐♣☛✐✡✟

❚☞❤ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ❆❅❅ ✗✢✗t❤♠ ✛✗ ✌❤✗✛✙✎❤✌ t✏ ♠❤✍✗✣s❤ ☞✏s✛❇✏✎t✍✚

❝✣s✑✍t✣s❤ ❝✏♠❞✏✎❤✎t✗ ✏✘ t☞❤ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t✜ ✛✖❤✖✜ ✂①❳ ✍✎✌

✂❨ ❬❣❭❭❾❣②②❪ ✖ ❚☞❤ ✘✣✚✚ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ t❤✎✗✏s ✛✗ t☞❤✎ ✌❤s✛✑❤✌ ✘s✏♠ t☞❤✗❤

♠❤✍✗✣s❤✌ ❝✏♠❞✏✎❤✎t✗ ✭❂❤❤ ✒✓✓✔✕✖ ■✎ ❃❝t✏❜❤s ✒✓✓✾✜ ❋✣✙s✏

❆✛s❜✏s✎❤ ❙✣s✑❤✢✗ ✘✚❤✇ ✍ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✗✣s✑❤✢ ✏✘ ✔✩❫✤ ✚✛✎❤ ✫♠✏✑❤s

t☞❤ ❚✛♠♠✛✎✗ ✍s❤✍✖ ❚☞❤ ✗✣s✑❤✢ ✇✍✗ ✘✚✏✇✎ ❤✍✗t✧✇❤✗t ✇✛t☞ ✍ ✚✛✎❤

✗❞✍❝✛✎✙ ✏✘ ✺✓✓ ♠ ✍✎✌ ✇✛t☞ t✇✏ ✎✏st☞✧✗✏✣t☞ t✛❤✧✚✛✎❤✗ ✗❞✍❝❤✌ ✍t

✺ ✫♠✜ ✏✑❤s ✍✎ ✍s❤✍ ✤✻ ✫♠ ❤✍✗t✧✇❤✗t ❜✢ ✒✒✖✺ ✫♠ ✎✏st☞✧✗✏✣t☞✖

❚☞❤ ✙s✏✣✎✌ ❝✚❤✍s✍✎❝❤ ✇✍✗ ✎✏♠✛✎✍✚✚✢ ✔❫✓ ♠ ✘✚✏✇✎ ✛✎ ✍ ✌s✍❞❤

✏✑❤s t☞❤ t❤ss✍✛✎✖ ❚☞❤ ♠❤✍✗✣s❤✌ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t✗ ✇❤s❤ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗❤✌ ❜✢

t☞❤ ✣✗✣✍✚ ♠✣✚t✛✗t❤❞ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗✛✎✙ ❞s✏❝❤✌✣s❤✗✖ ❆✘t❤s t☞❤

✛✎✛t✛✍✚ s❤✌✣❝t✛✏✎ ✏✘ ❤ss✏s ✌✣❤ t✏ t☞❤ s❤✗✛✌✣✍✚ ❤✘✘❤❝t✗ ✏✘ ✍✛s❝s✍✘t

♠✏t✛✏✎✜ t☞❤ ✌✍t✍ ✇❤s❤ ✌❤♠✏✌✣✚✍t❤✌ ✍✎✌ ✚✏✇✧❞✍✗✗ ✘✛✚t❤s❤✌ ✇✛t☞

✍ ✻t☞ ✏s✌❤s ❴✣tt❤s✇✏st☞ ✚✏✇✧❞✍✗✗ ✘✛✚t❤s ✍t ✍ ❝✣t✧✏✘✘ ✘s❤❛✣❤✎❝✢

✏✘ ✓✖✔✶ ❵❇✖ ❚☞❤ ✌❤♠✏✌✣✚✍t❤✌ ✌✍t✍ ✇❤s❤ ❝✏ss❤❝t❤✌ ✘✏s t☞❤ ✗❤✚✘✧

✙s✍✌✛❤✎t ❤✘✘❤❝t✗ ✏✘ t☞❤ ✍✛s❝s✍✘t ✍✎✌ t☞❤ t✛❤✧✚✛✎❤✗ ✇❤s❤ ✚❤✑❤✚✚❤✌✖

❚☞❤✗❤ ✌✛✘✘❤s❤✎t✛✍✚ ❝✣s✑✍t✣s❤ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t ✌✍t✍ ✇❤s❤ ✘✣st☞❤s

❞s✏❝❤✗✗❤✌ t✏ ❞s✏✌✣❝❤ t❤ss✍✛✎✧❝✏ss❤❝t❤✌ ✌✍t✍ ✣✗✛✎✙ ✍ ✌❤✎✗✛t✢ ✏✘

✒✖✻✩ ✙❊❝♠❥ ✍✎✌ t☞❤✎❝❤ t☞❤ ✘✣✚✚ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t t❤✎✗✏s✖ ■✎ t☞❤

❞s✏❝❤✗✗✛✎✙✜ ✍ ✚✏✇✧❞✍✗✗ ✘✛✚t❤s ✇✛t☞ ✍ ❝✣t✧✏✘✘ ✇✍✑❤✚❤✎✙t☞ ✏✘ ✩✺✓

♠ ✇✍✗ ✍❞❞✚✛❤✌ t✏ t☞❤ ✌✍t✍✖ ❚▼■ ✌✍t✍ ✇❤s❤ ✍✚✗✏ ✍❝❛✣✛s❤✌ ✍✎✌

✇❤ ✛✎✑❤st❤✌ ✣❞✏✎ t☞❤ ✍✎✏♠✍✚✏✣✗ ❚▼■❦ ✛✖❤✖✜ t☞❤ ■❅❘❋ ✇✍✗

s❤♠✏✑❤✌ ✘s✏♠ t☞❤ ✏❜✗❤s✑❤✌ ❚▼■✖

❍❏◆❏❧ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟

❋✏s ❜✏t☞ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✍✎✌ ❚▼■ ✌✍t✍✜ t☞❤ ✤✩✖✶ ✫♠ × ✻✔✖✾ ✫♠ ×

✒✖❫ ✫♠ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✌✏♠✍✛✎ ✇✍✗ ✌✛✗❝s❤t✛❇❤✌ t✏ ♠✏s❤ t☞✍✎

✔✒✶♠✛✚✚✛✏✎ ✒✺♠ ❝✣❜✛❝ ❝❤✚✚✗✖ ❚☞❤ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✌✏♠✍✛✎ ❝✏✎✘✏s♠❤✌

t✏ t✏❞✏✙s✍❞☞✢ ✍✎✌ ❝✏✎t✍✛✎❤✌ ✎✏ ✍ ❞s✛✏s✛ ✌❤✎✗✛t✢ ✏s ✗✣✗❝❤❞t✛✧

❜✛✚✛t✢ ♠✏✌❤✚✗✖ ■✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✇✍✗ s✣✎ ✘✏s ✔✒✩ ✩✤✤ ❆❅❅ ✗t✍t✛✏✎✗✜

❤✍❝☞ ❝✏✎t✍✛✎✛✎✙ ✍✚✚ ✗❤✑❤✎ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t✗ ✭✂③③✜ ✂①①✜ ✂①❳✜ ✂①③✜

✂❳❳✜ ✂❳③✜ ✂❨✕✜ ✙✛✑✛✎✙ ✍ t✏t✍✚ ✏✘ ✶✾❫✔✤✔ ✌✍t✍✖ ❚☞✏✣✙☞ ✗✏♠❤ ✏✘

t☞❤ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t✗ ✍s❤ s❤✌✣✎✌✍✎t✜ ✇❤ ✘✏✣✎✌ t☞✍t t☞❤✛s ♥✏✛✎t

✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ❤✘✘❤❝t✛✑❤✚✢ ✗✣❞❞s❤✗✗❤✗ ✎✏✛✗❤ ✍❝s✏✗✗ ✍✚✚ ❝☞✍✎✎❤✚✗✖ ■✎✧

✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✇✍✗ ✍✚✗✏ s✣✎ ✘✏s ✺✾✻ ✓✾✒ ❚▼■ ✗t✍t✛✏✎✗✖ ❃✣s ❞s❤✑✛✏✣✗

❤❡❞❤s✛❤✎❝❤ ✇✛t☞ ♠✏✑✛✎✙ ✘✏✏t❞s✛✎t ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✭❤✖✙✖✜ ❈✏❡ ❤t ✍✚✖

✒✓✔✓✕ ✛✎✌✛❝✍t❤✌ t☞✍t ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✏✘ s❤✌✣✎✌✍✎t ✌✍t✍ ✌✏❤✗ ✎✏t ✍✛✌

♠✏✌❤✚ s❤❝✏✑❤s✢✖

❋s✏♠ ✍✎ ✛✎✛t✛✍✚ ✇❤✛✙☞t❤✌ ♠✛✗✘✛t ✏✘ ✔✓✓✬ ✘✏s ✍✚✚ ❋❆❂❈❃❄

✌✍t✍✜ t☞❤ ✤✥ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ❝✏✎✑❤s✙❤✌ t✏ ✍ ✘✛✎✍✚ ✇❤✛✙☞t❤✌ ♠✛✗✘✛t

✏✘ ✔✾✬ ✍✘t❤s ✺✓ ✛t❤s✍t✛✏✎✗✖ ❈✏♠❞✍s✛✗✏✎✗ ✏✘ t☞❤ ✏❜✗❤s✑❤✌ ✍✎✌

❞s❤✌✛❝t❤✌ ✌✍t✍ ✘✏s ✍✚✚ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t ❝✏♠❞✏✎❤✎t✗ ✍s❤ ✗☞✏✇✎

✛✎ ❋✛✙✖ ❫✜ ✍✎✌ ✍✗ ✏✎❤ ❝✍✎ ✗❤❤✜ t☞❤ ✘✛t ❜❤t✇❤❤✎ ✏❜✗❤s✑❤✌ ✍✎✌

❞s❤✌✛❝t❤✌ ✌✍t✍ ✛✗ ❤❡❝❤✚✚❤✎t✖ ❚☞❤ ✤✥ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ s❤✧

❛✣✛s❤✌ ✍❞❞s✏❡✛♠✍t❤✚✢ ✒✾ ☞✏✣s✗ t✏ ❝✏♠❞✚❤t❤✜ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✏✎ ✔✒

✎✏✌❤✗✜ ❤✍❝☞ ❤❛✣✛❞❞❤✌ ✇✛t☞ t✇✏ ✌✣✍✚✧❝✏s❤ ✭✛✖❤✖✜ ✶✕ ■✎t❤✚ q❤✏✎

❈P✪✗ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✍t ✒✖❫ ❅❵❇ ✇✛t☞ ✒❫ ❅❴ ✏✘ ❘❆▼ ✍✎✌ ✍ r✥❘

■✎✘✛✎✛❴✍✎✌ ✛✎t❤s❝✏✎✎❤❝t✖

❙✛♠✛✚✍s✚✢✜ ✘s✏♠ ✍✎ ✛✎✛t✛✍✚ ✇❤✛✙☞t❤✌ ♠✛✗✘✛t ✏✘ ✔✓✓✬ ✘✏s t☞❤

❚▼■ ✌✍t✍✜ t☞❤ ✤✥ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ❝✏✎✑❤s✙❤✌ t✏ ✍ ✘✛✎✍✚ ♠✛✗✘✛t ✏✘ ✔✓✬

✍✘t❤s ✾✓ ✛t❤s✍t✛✏✎✗✖ ❈✏♠❞✍s✛✗✏✎✗ ✏✘ t☞❤ ✏❜✗❤s✑❤✌ ✍✎✌ ❞s❤✌✛❝t❤✌

❚▼■ ✌✍t✍ ✍s❤ ✗☞✏✇✎ ✛✎ ❋✛✙✖ ✺✖ ❚☞❤ ✤✥ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎

s❤❛✣✛s❤✌ ✍❞❞s✏❡✛♠✍t❤✚✢ ✤✾ ☞✏✣s✗ t✏ ❝✏♠❞✚❤t❤✜ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✏✎ ✔✒

✎✏✌❤✗✜ ❤✍❝☞ ❤❛✣✛❞❞❤✌ ✇✛t☞ t✇✏ ✌✣✍✚✧❝✏s❤ ✭✛✖❤✖✜ ✶✕ ■✎t❤✚ q❤✏✎

❈P✪✗ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✍t ✒✖❫ ❅❵❇ ✇✛t☞ ✒❫ ❅❴ ✏✘ ❘❆▼ ✍✎✌ ✍ r✥❘

■✎✘✛✎✛❴✍✎✌ ✛✎t❤s❝✏✎✎❤❝t✖

■✎ ❋✛✙✖ ✻✜ ✇❤ ❝✏♠❞✍s❤ ☞✏s✛❇✏✎t✍✚ ❝s✏✗✗✧✗❤❝t✛✏✎✗ ✏✘ ✏✣s

✤✥ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✍✎✌ ❚▼■ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ s❤✗✣✚t✗ ✇✛t☞ t☞❤ ❞✣❜✚✛✗☞❤✌

✈④ ⑤⑥⑦⑤ ⑧⑨⑩❶❷❸❹❺ ❻❼❼❶❽❿❹➀❿❶❺ ❶➁ ➂❸❶❼❽❿❸❺➀❿❼➀❼ ➃ ⑧❺➄❿❺❸❸⑩❼➅ ➆➇➈➉➊➋➌➍➎➏➐ ➑➒➈➌➉➇➎➓➍➔→➅ ⑦Ð⑦➣

Page 10: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✶� ▼✁ ❈✂✄☎✆ ●✁✝✁ ❲✞✟✠✡☛ ☎☛❛ ▼✁✳✁ ❩☞❛☎☛✡✌

❋✍✎✏✑✒ ✹ ❖✓✔✕✖✗✕✘ ✭✙✕✚✛✜ ✢✣✘ ♣✖✕✘✤✥✛✕✘

✭✖✤✦✧✛✜ ★✩✪✫❖✬ ✘✢✛✢ ✚✖❢✮ ❚✤✮✮✤✣✔✯

✰✱ ✷✲✴✷ ❊✵✖❢♣✕✢✣ ✩✔✔❢✥✤✢✛✤❢✣ ❢✚ ✸✕❢✔✥✤✕✣✛✤✔✛✔ ✺ ❊✣✦✤✣✕✕✖✔✻ ✼✽✾✿❀❁❂❃❄❅❆ P❇✾❂✿✽❄❉❃❍■✻ ✴Ð✴❏

-- ---.,' - , , 0 ' -.' l'~ ,;-, ,. ,.

t , ~' , , • l/" I ;..:-- .,. . : .. .,.

, . J ., • -- --., . '" · ", '1 • 1'* " , ,. ,.

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. " , • • J ~ • , • ,J • J ." F -. -. -,

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~. ?t' , " , • .. tt l'f, ":::i; ., • • - .. - - ,,. --~ --

Page 11: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✶✶

❋☞✌✍✎✏ ✺ ❖✑✒✓✔✕✓✖ ✭✗✓✘✙✚ ❛✛✖ ✜✔✓✖r✢✙✓✖ ✭✔r✣✤✙✚ ❛✛♥✥❛✗♥✦✒ ❚✧★ ✖❛✙❛ ✘♥✔ ❚r✥✥r✛✒✩

❋☞✌✍✎✏ ✻ ❈♥✥✜❛✔r✒♥✛ ♥✘ ✭❛✚ ✣✓♥✗♥✣❣ ♥✘ ✙✤✓ ❚r✥✥r✛✒ ✒✦✔✕✓❣ ❛✔✓❛✪ ✭✑✚ ❛ ✤♥✔r❤♥✛✙❛✗ ✢✔♥✒✒❝✒✓✢✙r♥✛ ✙✤✔♥✦✣✤ ✙✤✓ ✫✬ ✖✓✛✒r✙❣ ✥♥✖✓✗ ♥✑✙❛r✛✓✖ ✘✔♥✥

❥♥r✛✙ r✛✕✓✔✒r♥✛ ♥✘ ❛✗✗ ✮❆✯❈❖✰ ✣✔❛✕r✙❣ ✣✔❛✖r♥✥✓✙✔❣ ✖❛✙❛ ❛✙ ❝✱✲✱✫ ✥ ❆❙✯✳ r✩✓✩✳ ✴✱✵✷✷ ✥ ✖✓✜✙✤ ✘✔♥✥ ✙✤✓ ✙♥✜♥✣✔❛✜✤r✢ ✜✓❛❡✪ ✭✢✚ ✒✙✔✦✢✙✦✔❛✗

r✛✙✓✔✜✔✓✙❛✙r♥✛ ✭✢♥✦✔✙✓✒❣ ♥✘ ✮✦✣✔♥ ❆r✔✑♥✔✛✓ ❙✦✔✕✓❣✒✚ ✒✦✜✓✔r✥✜♥✒✓✖ ♥✛ ✙✤✓ ✒❛✥✓ ✤♥✔r❤♥✛✙❛✗ ✢✔♥✒✒❝✒✓✢✙r♥✛ ✙✤✔♥✦✣✤ ✙✤✓ ✫✬ ✖✓✛✒r✙❣ ✥♥✖✓✗✪ ✭✖✚ ❛

✤♥✔r❤♥✛✙❛✗ ✢✔♥✒✒❝✒✓✢✙r♥✛ ✙✤✔♥✦✣✤ ✙✤✓ ✫✬ ✒✦✒✢✓✜✙r✑r✗r✙❣ ✥♥✖✓✗ ♥✑✙❛r✛✓✖ ✘✔♥✥ r✛✕✓✔✒r♥✛ ♥✘ ❚✧★ ✖❛✙❛ ❛✙ ❝✹✫ ✥ ❆❙✯✳ r✩✓✩✳ ✴✫✷✷ ✥ ✖✓✜✙✤ ✘✔♥✥ ✙✤✓

✙♥✜♥✣✔❛✜✤r✢ ✜✓❛❡✪ ❛✛✖ ✭✓✚ ✒✙✔✦✢✙✦✔❛✗ r✛✙✓✔✜✔✓✙❛✙r♥✛ ✭✢♥✦✔✙✓✒❣ ♥✘ ✮✦✣✔♥ ❆r✔✑♥✔✛✓ ❙✦✔✕✓❣✒✚ ✒✦✜✓✔r✥✜♥✒✓✖ ♥✛ ✙✤✓ ✒❛✥✓ ✤♥✔r❤♥✛✙❛✗ ✢✔♥✒✒❝✒✓✢✙r♥✛

✙✤✔♥✦✣✤ ✙✤✓ ✫✬ ✒✦✒✢✓✜✙r✑r✗r✙❣ ✥♥✖✓✗✩

✼✽ ✲✷✱✲ ❊✦✔♥✜✓❛✛ ❆✒✒♥✢r❛✙r♥✛ ♥✘ ●✓♥✒✢r✓✛✙r✒✙✒ ✾ ❊✛✣r✛✓✓✔✒✳ ✿❀❁❂❃❄❅❇❍■❏ P❑❁❅❂❀❍▼❇◆◗✳ ✱Ð✱❘

Page 12: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✶� ▼✁ ❈✂✄☎✆ ●✁✳✁ ❲✐✝✞✟✠ ☎✠❛ ▼✁✡✁ ❩❤❛☎✠✟☛

✶☞�✌✍ ✍✍✍ ❣✎✏✑✏❣✒✓✔✑ ♠✔✕ ❢✏♦ t✖✎ ❚✒♠♠✒✗✘ ❞✒✘t♦✒✓t ✔✗❞ ✇✒t✖

✘t♦s✓ts♦✔✑ ✒✗t✎♦✕♦✎t✔t✒✏✗✘ ♠✔❞✎ ❜✙ ❋s❣♦✏ ❆✒♦❜✏♦✗✎ ❙s♦✚✎✙✘✛

✜✎ ✓✔✗ ✏❜✘✎♦✚✎ ✚✎♦✙ ❣✏✏❞ ✔❣♦✎✎♠✎✗t ❜✎t✇✎✎✗ ✏s♦ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗

♦✎✘s✑t✘ ✔✗❞ t✖✎ ✒✗❢✎♦♦✎❞ ❣✎✏✑✏❣✙✛ ■✗ ❋✒❣✛ ✼✢ ✇✎ ✕♦✎✘✎✗t ✸❉

✕✎♦✘✕✎✓t✒✚✎✘ ✏❢ t✖✎ ❞✎✗✘✒t✙ ✔✗❞ ✘s✘✓✎✕t✒❜✒✑✒t✙ ♠✏❞✎✑✘✛ ✜✎ ✗✏t✎

t✖✔t ✇✖✒✑✎ t✖✎ ❞✒✔❜✔✘✎ ❞✒✣✎✘ ✔♦✎ ✎❡✕✎✓t✎❞ t✏ ✓✏✗t✒✗s✎ t✏ ❞✎✕t✖✢

t✖✎✒♦ ✑✏✇ ✔♠✕✑✒ts❞✎✘ ✭✓✒♦✓✔ �✌✍ ✗❚♥ ✔♦✎ ✘✎✗✘✒t✒✚✎ t✏ ✏✗✑✙ ✘✎✚✤

✎♦✔✑ ✖s✗❞♦✎❞ ♠✎t♦✎✘ ❞✎✕t✖✛ ❚✇✏ ♠✔✥✏♦ ✒✗t♦s✘✒✚✎ s✗✒t✘ ✇✒t✖

✖✒❣✖ ✔♠✕✑✒ts❞✎✘ ✭✓✒♦✓✔ �✍✍✍ ✗❚♥ ✔♦✎ ✘✖✏✇✗ t✏ ✎❡t✎✗❞ t✏ ❞✎✕t✖✛

✜✎ ✗✏t✎ t✖✔t t✖✎ ❋❆✦✧★✩ ✔✗❞ ❚✪■ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗✘ ✔♦✎ ♦✎✓✏✚✎♦✤

✒✗❣ ❞✒❢❢✎♦✎✗t ❣✎✏✑✏❣✒✓✔✑ ✘t♦s✓ts♦✎✘ ✔✗❞ t✖✒✘ ✒✘ t✏ ❜✎ ✎❡✕✎✓t✎❞✛

❚✖✎ ❚✪■ ❞✔t✔ ✔♦✎ ❞✏♠✒✗✔t✎❞ ❜✙ ♠✔✥✏♦ ✒✗✘t♦s✘✒✚✎✘ ✔✗❞ ✩✤

❙ t♦✎✗❞✒✗❣ ❞✒✔❜✔✘✎ ❞✒✣✎✘✛ ❚✖✎ ❋❆✦✧★✩ ❞✔t✔ ✔♦✎ ❞✏♠✒✗✔t✎❞

❜✙ ♦✎❣✒✏✗✔✑ t✎✓t✏✗✒✓✘ ✘s✓✖ ✔✘ ✖✒❣✖ ❞✎✗✘✒t✙ ♠✔❢✒✓ ✒✗✘t♦s✘✒✚✎✘

✔✗❞ ♠✎t✔✚✏✑✔✗✒✓✘ ✔✗❞ ✑✏✇ ❞✎✗✘✒t✙ ❢✎✑✘✒✓ ♠✎t✔✚✏✑✓✔✗✒✓✘✛ ❚✏✤

❣✎t✖✎♦✢ t✖✎✒♦ ✒✗t✎♦✕♦✎t✔t✒✏✗✘ ✔♦✎ ✓✏♠✕✑✒♠✎✗t✔♦✙ ✏❢ t✖✎ ✔✓ts✔✑

❣✎✏✑✏❣✙✛

✜✖✒✑✎ t✖✎ ✏✕t✒♠✔✑ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t ✘✒✫✎ ✓✔✗ ❜✎ ✎✘t✒♠✔t✎❞ ✔✗✔✑✙t✒✤

✓✔✑✑✙ ❢✏♦ ✔✗✙ ❞✎✘✒♦✎❞ ✑✎✚✎✑ ✏❢ ✔✓✓s♦✔✓✙ ✭✎✛❣✛✢ ✘✙✘t✎♠ ✗✏✒✘✎♥✢ ✇✎

✕♦✔✓t✒✓✔✑✑✙ ❞✎♠✏✗✘t♦✔t✎ t✖✎ ✎❢❢✎✓t✒✚✎✗✎✘✘ ✏❢ s✘✒✗❣ ✔ ♠✏✚✒✗❣

❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t ✇✒t✖ t✖✎ ❢✏✑✑✏✇✒✗❣ t✔❜✑✎ ✘s♠♠✔♦✒✫✒✗❣ ✸❉ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗

✕✎♦❢✏♦♠✔✗✓✎ ❢✏♦ ❚✪■✛ ✜✎ ✗✏t✎ t✖✔t ✔✑✑ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗✘ ♦✔✗ t✏ ✔

✓✏♠♠✏✗ ♠✒✘❢✒t✛ ❚✖✎ ♠✔❡✒♠s♠ ✘s✘✓✎✕t✒❜✒✑✒t✙ ❞✒❢❢✎♦✎✗✓✎ ✒✘ ♦✎✑✤

✔t✒✚✎ t✏ t✖✎ ✸❉ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗ ✇✒t✖ ✗✏ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t✛ ❯✘✎ ✏❢ ✔ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t

t✖✔t ✒✘ t✏✏ ✘♠✔✑✑ ✒✗t♦✏❞s✓✎✘ ✎♦♦✏♦✘ ✒✗ t✖✎ ♠✏❞✎✑ ✇✖✒✑✎ ✘t✒✑✑ ✘✔t✤

✒✘❢✙✒✗❣ t✖✎ ❞✔t✔✛ ✜✎ ✓✏✗✓✑s❞✎ t✖✔t ❢✏♦ ✸❉ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗ ✇✒t✖ ✔

✶✌ ✣♠ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t✢ t✖✎♦✎ ✒✘ ✗✎❣✑✒❣✒❜✑✎ ❞✒❢❢✎♦✎✗✓✎ ✒✗ t✖✎ ♦✎✓✏✚✎♦✎❞

✸❉ ♠✏❞✎✑✛

✬✮✮✯✰✱✲✴✯ ✵✲✷✹ ✺✻✽✾ ✿❀❁✲✽❂✽ ✵❂✵✉✹✰✯✲❃✲❄✲✯❅ ❇✲❊❊✹✱✹✴✉✹ ✺❍✾

❏ ❑▲

◆▲ ❖

◆❏ ▲P◗

❖▲ ▲P◆❘

❱ ❳❨❬ ❳❭ ❪❫❴ ❨❬ ❫

✜✎ ❞✎✚✎✑✏✕✎❞ ✔ ♠✎t✖✏❞✏✑✏❣✙ ❢✏♦ ✕♦✔✓t✒✓✔✑ ✙✎t t♦s✑✙ ✑✔♦❣✎✤

✘✓✔✑✎ ✸❉ ♦✎❣s✑✔♦✒✫✎❞ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗ ✏❢ ❣♦✔✚✒t✙ ✔✗❞ ♠✔❣✗✎t✒✓ ❞✔t✔✢

✇✖✎t✖✎♦ t✖✎✘✎ ❞✔t✔ ❜✎ ✔✗✙ ✓✏♠❜✒✗✔t✒✏✗ ✏❢ t✏t✔✑ ❢✒✎✑❞✢ ✚✎✓t✏♦✢ ✏♦

❣♦✔❞✒✎✗t ✓✏♠✕✏✗✎✗t✘✛ ✜✎ ✒♠✕✑✎♠✎✗t✎❞ ✔ ✚✔♦✒✎t✙ ✏❢ ♦✎❣s✑✔♦✒✫✔✤

t✒✏✗ ✏✕t✒✏✗✘✢ ✒✗✓✑s❞✒✗❣ ❜✏t✖ ✘♠✏✏t✖ ✔✗❞ ❢✏✓s✘✒✗❣ ✘t✔❜✒✑✒✫✎♦✘✛

✜✎ ✒✗t♦✏❞s✓✎❞ ✔ ♠✏✚✒✗❣ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t ✔✕✕♦✏✔✓✖✢ ✇✖✒✓✖ ✔✑✑✏✇✘

s✘ t✏ ♦✎❞s✓✎ ♠✎♠✏♦✙ ♦✎❵s✒♦✎♠✎✗t✘ ✘✒❣✗✒❢✒✓✔✗t✑✙✢ ✔✘ ✇✎✑✑ ✔✘

✏✕✎♦✔t✒✏✗ ✓✏s✗t✘ ❢✏♦ ♠✔t♦✒❡✤✚✎✓t✏♦ ♠s✑t✒✕✑✒✓✔t✒✏✗✘✛ ★s♦ ✕✔♦✤

✔✑✑✎✑✒✫✔t✒✏✗ ✇✔✘ ✒♠✕✑✎♠✎✗t✎❞ ✒✗ ✘s✓✖ ✔ ♠✔✗✗✎♦ t✖✔t ✇✎ ✖✔✚✎

❝❥❦❧♣q r ❑✈ ✰✹✱✵✰✹✉✯✲①✹ ①✲✹② ✮❊ ✯③✹ ④✲✽✽✲✴✵ ✺❀✾ ❇✹✴✵✲✯❅ ✽✮❇✹❄ ✮❃⑤

✯❀✲✴✹❇ ❊✱✮✽ ❑✈ ✲✴①✹✱✵✲✮✴ ✮❊ ✯③✹ ✬⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩ ❶✱❀①✲✯❅ ❶✱❀❇✲✮✽✹✯✱❅ ❇❀✯❀

❀✴❇ ✺❃✾ ✵❂✵✉✹✰✯✲❃✲❄✲✯❅ ✽✮❇✹❄ ✮❃✯❀✲✴✹❇ ❊✱✮✽ ❑✈ ✲✴①✹✱✵✲✮✴ ✮❊ ✯③✹ ④✿❷

❇❀✯❀P

❸❹ ❖▲◆❖ ❺❂✱✮✰✹❀✴ ⑥✵✵✮✉✲❀✯✲✮✴ ✮❊ ❻✹✮✵✉✲✹✴✯✲✵✯✵ ❼ ❺✴❶✲✴✹✹✱✵❽ ❾❿➀➁➂➃➄➅➆➇➈ ➉➊➀➄➁❿➆➋➅➌➍❽ ◆Ð◆❘

Page 13: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✶☞

♥✌✍✎✏✑✒♥✌✍✎ s❝✍✑✒♥✓✔ ❚✕✒s ♠✌✍♥s ✇✌ ❝✍♥ ❝✖♥✗✒✘✌♥✙✑✚ ✒♠✛✑✌♠✌♥✙

✖✜✎ s✖✗✙✇✍✎✌ ✖♥ ♠✍ss✒❛✌✑✚ ✛✍✎✍✑✑✌✑ ✍✎❝✕✒✙✌❝✙✜✎✌s ✍♥✘ ✍✎✌ ✌✗✗✌❝✏

✙✒❛✌✑✚ ✜♥✑✒♠✒✙✌✘ ✒♥ ✙✕✌ s✒✢✌ ✖✗ ✒♥❛✌✎s✒✖♥ ✛✎✖✣✑✌♠ ✇✌ ❝✍♥ ❝✖♥✏

s✒✘✌✎✔ ❚✕✒s ✕✍s s✒✓♥✒✗✒❝✍♥✙ ✒♠✛✑✒❝✍✙✒✖♥s ✗✖✎ ✍✒✎✣✖✎♥✌ s✜✎❛✌✚s✤

✍s ✇✌ ✍✎✌ ♥✖✇ ✍✣✑✌ ✙✖ ✒♥❛✌✎✙ ✑✍✎✓✌ s✜✎❛✌✚s ✙✖ ✘✌✛✖s✒✙✏s❝✍✑✌

♠✖✘✌✑ ✘✒s❝✎✌✙✒✢✍✙✒✖♥✔ ❲✌ ✘✌♠✖♥s✙✎✍✙✌✘ ✙✕✒s ✇✒✙✕ ✍♥ ✌❡✍♠✛✑✌

✗✖✎ ✣✖✙✕ ❋✥✦✧★✩ ✍♥✘ ❚✪✫ ✗✎✖♠ ✙✕✌ ❚✒♠♠✒♥s ✘✒s✙✎✒❝✙ ✒♥

★♥✙✍✎✒✖✤ ✧✍♥✍✘✍✔

✫♥ ✙✌✎♠s ✖✗ ✗✜✎✙✕✌✎ ✘✌❛✌✑✖✛♠✌♥✙s✤ ✇✌ ✒♠✛✑✌♠✌♥✙✌✘ ☞✬♠✍✓✏

♥✌✙✒❝ ✒♥❛✌✎s✒✖♥ ✗✖✎ ✎✌♠✍♥✌♥✙ ♠✍✓♥✌✙✒✢✍✙✒✖♥ ✍♥✘ ✍✛✛✑✒✌✘ ✙✕✒s

✙✖ ✗✜✑✑ ✙✌♥s✖✎ ♠✍✓♥✌✙✒❝ ✓✎✍✘✒✖♠✌✙✎✚ ✭❋❚✪✮✯ ✘✍✙✍✔ ❚✕✌ ✙✕✌✖✎✚

✍♥✘ ✎✌✑✍✙✌✘ ❝✍s✌ s✙✜✘✚ ✇✒✑✑ ✣✌ ✙✕✌ s✜✣✉✌❝✙ ✖✗ ✍ s✌✛✍✎✍✙✌ ✛✜✣✑✒✏

❝✍✙✒✖♥✔ ❲✌ ✕✍❛✌ ✛✎✌s✌♥✙✑✚ ✖✛✙✒♠✒✢✌✘ ✖✜✎ s✖✗✙✇✍✎✌ ✙✖ ✙✕✌ ✛✖✒♥✙

✙✕✍✙ ♥✌✍✎✑✚ ✍✑✑ ✎✜♥✙✒♠✌ ✒s ✘✌✘✒❝✍✙✌✘ ✙✖ ❦✌✎♥✌✑ ❝✖♠✛✜✙✍✙✒✖♥s✔

✥s ✙✕✌s✌ ✍✎✌ s✒♠✛✑✌ ✓✌✖♠✌✙✎✒❝ ✗✜♥❝✙✒✖♥s✤ ✙✕✌✚ ✑✌♥✘ ✙✕✌♠s✌✑❛✌s

✙✖ ♠✍ss✒❛✌ ✛✍✎✍✑✑✌✑✒✢✍✙✒✖♥ ❛✒✍ ✮●✰s✤ ✍♥✘ ✙✕✒s ✒s ✍ s✜✣✉✌❝✙ ✖✗

✖♥✏✓✖✒♥✓ ✘✌❛✌✑✖✛♠✌♥✙✔

✻ ❆✱✲✳✴✵✷✹✺✼✹✽✹✳✾✿

❚✕✌ ✍✜✙✕✖✎s ✍❝❦♥✖✇✑✌✘✓✌ ❚✌❝✕♥✖✫♠✍✓✒♥✓ ✗✖✎ s✜✛✛✖✎✙ ✖✗ ✙✕✒s

✎✌s✌✍✎❝✕ ✍♥✘ ✛✌✎♠✒ss✒✖♥ ✙✖ ✛✜✣✑✒s✕✔

ÿ✧✜♠✍ ✍♥✘ ❩✕✘✍♥✖❛ ✍❝❦♥✖✇✑✌✘✓✌ s✜✛✛✖✎✙ ✖✗ ✙✕✌ ✰♥✒❛✌✎s✒✙✚

✖✗ ✰✙✍✕❯s ✧✖♥s✖✎✙✒✜♠ ✗✖✎ ❊✑✌❝✙✎✖♠✍✓♥✌✙✒❝ ✪✖✘✌✑✒♥✓ ✍♥✘ ✫♥✏

❛✌✎s✒✖♥ ✭✧❊✪✫✯ ✍♥✘ ✧✌♥✙✌✎ ✗✖✎❍✒✓✕ ●✌✎✗✖✎♠✍♥❝✌ ✧✖♠✛✜✙✒♥✓

✭✧❍●✧✯✔

❚✕✌ ✍✜✙✕✖✎s ✙✕✍♥❦ ✧❈✫�★ ✪✍✙✌✎✒✍✑s ❈❝✒✌♥❝✌ ✍♥✘ ❊♥✓✒♥✌✌✎✏

✒♥✓✤ ✒♥ ✛✍✎✙✒❝✜✑✍✎ ✬✎s✔ ●✕✒✑ ❈❝✕♠✒✘✙✤ ❑✌✒✙✕ ✦✌s✑✒✌✤ ✬✍❛✒✘ ✧✑✍✎❦

✍♥✘ ✧✍✙✕✚ ❋✖✑✌✚✤ ✗✖✎ ✛✎✖❛✒✘✒♥✓ ✙✕✌ ❚✍✑✑✍✇✍♥✓ ✮❊✪❚✥✮ ✘✍✙✍

✍♥✘ ✎✌✑✍✙✌✘ ♠✍✙✌✎✒✍✑✔ ❍✖♥✓✢✕✜ ✧✍✒ ✖✗ ✧❊✪✫ ✒s ✙✕✍♥❦✌✘ ✗✖✎

✛✎✖✘✜❝✒♥✓ ✙✕✌ ☞✬ ✮❊❚✪✥✮ ✒♥❛✌✎s✒✖♥✔

❋✜✓✎✖ ✥✒✎✣✖✎♥✌ ❈✜✎❛✌✚s✤ ✒♥ ✛✍✎✙✒❝✜✑✍✎ ✬✎✔ ✪✍✎❝ ✥✔ ❱✍✑✑ ➠✌✌✤

✍✎✌ ✍❝❦♥✖✇✑✌✘✓✌✘ ✗✖✎ ✎✌✑✌✍s✌ ✖✗ ✙✕✌ ❚✒♠♠✒♥s ❋✥✦✧★✩ ✘✍✙✍

✍♥✘ ✎✌✑✍✙✌✘ ♠✍✙✌✎✒✍✑ ✍♥✘ ✛✌✎♠✒ss✒✖♥ ✙✖ ✛✜✣✑✒s✕✔

❘✹✁✹❘✹✳✱✹✿

❇✂✄☎✄ ▼✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ ❆✞✟✠✡☛✄☞ s✄✌✞✟✠s ♦❢ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✌r✟❣✄✂✞☛ ☛✂✞s♦r ✟✞❣ ☛t✂✄r

✟❛❛✠✄☞✟☛✄♦✞ ☛♦ ✂s☛✄❡✟☛✂ s♦✎r☞✂ ✠♦☞✟☛✄♦✞✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✼✘✱ ■✺✙✚■✛✜✱

❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✢✜✙✢✣✢✙✳

❇✂✄☎✄ ▼✳ ✟✞❣ P✂❣✂rs✂✞ ▲✳❇✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ ✤✄✌✂✞✍✂☞☛♦r ✟✞✟✠✡s✄s ♦❢ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡

✌r✟❣✄✂✞☛ ☛✂✞s♦r ☛♦ ✠♦☞✟☛✂ ✌✂♦✠♦✌✄☞ ❜♦❣✄✂s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✼✘✱ ■✢✛✚■✜✙✱

❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✢✜✥✜✆✙✥✳

❇t✟☛☛✟☞t✟r✡✡✟ ❇✳✦✳ ✝✙✥✆✳ ❆ ✌✂✞✂r✟✠✄✧✂❣ ❡✎✠☛✄❜♦❣✡ ❡♦❣✂✠ ❢♦r ✄✞✐

✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ✟✞♦❡✟✠✄✂s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ★✩✱ ✺✝✛✚✺✢✝✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✝✆✥✝✳

✪♦✫ ▲✳✬✳✱ ❲✄✠s♦✞ ✭✳❆✳ ✟✞❣ ✮t❣✟✞♦✍▼✳✯✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ ✢✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✟✄r✐

❜♦r✞✂ ✂✠✂☞☛r♦❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟ ✎s✄✞✌ ✟ ❡♦✍✄✞✌ ❢♦♦☛❛r✄✞☛✳ ✰✲✒✴✑✵✹✻✖✑✽

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✾✿✱ ✷✺✆✚✷✺✙✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✛✝✶✤✭✝✆✆✆✢✳

✸✟✍✄s ✦✳ ✟✞❣ ▲✄ ❨✳ ✷✆✝✝✳ ❋✟s☛ s♦✠✎☛✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✌✂♦❛t✡s✄☞✟✠ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ✎s✐

✄✞✌ ✟❣✟❛☛✄✍✂ ❡✂st✱ s❛✟☞✂✐❢✄✠✠✄✞✌ ☞✎r✍✂s ✟✞❣ ✇✟✍✂✠✂☛ ☞♦❡❛r✂ss✄♦✞✳

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✹✴ ❏✑❀✵✽✹✴ ❁✽✻✏✵✽✹✻✖✑✽✹✴ ✿❂✘✱ ✝✺✛✚✝✣✣✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✝✝✶

❥✳✝✢✣✺✐✷✜✣❃✳✷✆✝✝✳✆✜✙✷✙✳✫✳

✸r✟✞s❢✄✂✠❣ ▼✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ P♦☛✂✞☛✄✟✠ ❢✄✂✠❣ s✂✟r☞t✠✄✌t☛s✳ Pr✂s✂✞☛✂❣ ✟☛ ☛t✂

✛✷♥❄ ✰❅●✰ ❉✑✽◆✏✵✏✽✗✏ ✹✽❖ ✰✲✓✖①✖✻✖✑✽✱ ❇✟r☞✂✠♦✞✟✳

✸r✟✞s❢✄✂✠❣ ▼✳ ✟✞❣ ✮✂✞✌ ❨✳ ✷✆✆✙✳ ❆✄r❜♦r✞✂ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✌r✟❣✄♦❡✂☛r✡❞ ❚✂r✐

r✟✄✞ ☞♦rr✂☞☛✄♦✞s ✟✞❣ ✂✠✂✍✟☛✄♦✞ ✂rr♦r✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✼✾✱ ■✢✛✚■✜✷✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✢✝✛✆✣✥✥✳

❋✂❣✄ ▼✳ ✷✆✆✛✳ ✸✤❃P❞ ❆ ❢✟s☛ ❡✂☛t♦❣ ☛♦ ❣✂☛✂r❡✄✞✂ ☛t✂ ❣✂❛☛t ☛♦

☛t✂ s♦✎r☞✂s ♦❢ ❛♦☛✂✞☛✄✟✠ ❢✄✂✠❣s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✼★✱ ▲✝✚▲✝✝✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✷✢✙✙✜✺✷✝✺✳

✬♦r✞❜✡ P✳✱ ❇♦s☞t✂☛☛✄ ❋✳ ✟✞❣✬♦r♦✇✄☛✧ ❋✳✭✳ ✷✆✆✷✳ ❆✞✟✠✡s✄s ♦❢ ❛♦☛✂✞☛✄✟✠

❢✄✂✠❣ ❣✟☛✟ ✄✞ ☛t✂✇✟✍✂✠✂☛ ❣♦❡✟✄✞✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✹✴ ❏✑❀✵✽✹✴ ❁✽✻✏✵✽✹✻✖✑✽✹✴

✿◗✼✱ ✝✛✺✚✝✙✣✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✜✣✶❥✳✝✢✣✺✐✷✜✣✫✳✝✙✙✙✳✆✆✛✥✥✳✫✳

▲✂✂ ❙✳❇✳ ✷✆✆✝✳ ❋❆▲✪❳❬✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✌r✟❣✄♦❡✂☛✂r ☛✂☞t✞♦✠♦✌✡✳ ✰✲✒✴✑✵✹✻✖✑✽

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ◗★✱ ✷✜✛✚✷✺✆✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✛✝✶✤✭✆✝✷✜✛✳

▲✄ ❨✳ ✷✆✆✝✳ ✢✐✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✌r✟❣✄♦❡✂☛r✡ ❣✟☛✟✳ ✛✝❭❪

❅✽✽❀✹✴ ❫✏✏✻✖✽❴❵ ❝✰●❵ ✰✲✒✹✽❖✏❖ ❅①✕✻✵✹✗✻✕✱ ✝✜✛✆✚✝✜✛✢✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✥✝✣✢✥✢✳

▲✄ ❃✳ ✟✞❣ ✪t♦✎☛✂✟✎ ▼✳ ✝✙✙✥✳ ❚tr✂✂✐❣✄❡✂✞s✄♦✞✟✠ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ❡♦❣✂✠✄✞✌

✄✞ ✟✠✠ s❛✟☞✂✳ ❝❀✵❤✏✔✕ ✖✽ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✿✩✱ ✢✢✙✚✢✣✥✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✷✢✶

❆❞✝✆✆✣✺✺✜✜✆✥✺✣✛✳

▲✄ ❨✳ ✟✞❣ ❳✠❣✂✞❜✎r✌ ✸✳❲✳ ✝✙✙✣✳ ✢✐✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟✳

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦✿✱ ✢✙✜✚✜✆✥✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✢✙✣✥✳

▲✄ ❨✳ ✟✞❣ ❳✠❣✂✞❜✎r✌ ✸✳❲✳ ✝✙✙✥✳ ✢✐✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ❣✟☛✟✳ ●✏✑❧

✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦◗✱ ✝✆✙✚✝✝✙✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✜✢✆✷✳

▲✄ ❨✳ ✟✞❣ ❳✠❣✂✞❜✎r✌ ✸✳❲✳ ✷✆✆✢✳ ❋✟s☛ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✠✟r✌✂✐s☞✟✠✂ ❡✟✌✐

✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟ ✎s✄✞✌ ✇✟✍✂✠✂☛ ☛r✟✞s❢♦r❡s ✟✞❣ ✟ ✠♦✌✟r✄☛t❡✄☞ ❜✟rr✄✂r

❡✂☛t♦❣✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✹✴ ❏✑❀✵✽✹✴ ❁✽✻✏✵✽✹✻✖✑✽✹✴ ✿✘★✱ ✷✺✝✚✷✣✺✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✆✜✣✶❥✳✝✢✣✺✐✷✜✣❃✳✷✆✆✢✳✆✝✛✣✣✳

❳☎✟❜✂ ▼✳ ✝✙✛✙✳ ❆✞✟✠✡☛✄☞✟✠ ✂✫❛r✂ss✄♦✞s ❢♦r ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✟✞♦❡✟✠✄✂s ❣✎✂

☛♦ t♦❡♦✌✂✞✂♦✎s ❛♦✠✡t✂❣r✟✠ ❜♦❣✄✂s ✟✞❣ ☛r✟✞s✠✟☛✄♦✞s ✄✞☛♦ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞

✟✞♦❡✟✠✄✂s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦✾✱ ✛✢✆✚✛✜✝✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✆✙✛✢✳

Pt✄✠✠✄❛s ❬✳✱ ❬✌✎✡✂✞ ❚✳✬✳✱ ❚t♦❡s♦✞ ♠✳✱ ❳✠❣✂✞❜✎r✌ ✸✳ ✟✞❣

✦♦✇✟✠☞✧✡☎ P✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ ✢✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ❡♦❣✂✠✠✄✞✌✱ ✄✞☛✂✌r✟☛✄♦✞✱ ✟✞❣ ✍✄s✎✐

✟✠✄✧✟☛✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✟✄r❜♦r✞✂ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡✱ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞✱ ✟✞❣ ✂✠✂☞☛r♦❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟ ✐

❚t✂ ♣q✤✯❚ Pr♦❥✂☞☛✳ Pr✂s✂✞☛✂❣ ✟☛ ☛t✂ ❁✽✻✏✵✽✹✻✖✑✽✹✴ ✉✑✵✈✕✓✑✒ ✑✽

✰✴✏✗✻✵✖✗✹✴❵ ●✵✹❤✖✻✔ ✹✽❖ ❫✹❴✽✏✻✖✗ ❫✏✻✓✑❖✕✱ ✪✟❛r✄✳

P✄✠☎✄✞✌☛♦✞▼✳ ✝✙✙✛✳ ✢✐✸ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ✄❡✟✌✄✞✌ ✎s✄✞✌ ☞♦✞❥✎✌✟☛✂ ✌r✟❣✄✂✞☛s✳

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦★✱ ✝✝✢✷✚✝✝✜✷✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✜✷✝✜✳

P♦r☛✞✄✟✌✎✄✞✂ ❳✳ ✟✞❣ ✮t❣✟✞♦✍ ▼✳✯✳ ✝✙✙✙✳ ❋♦☞✎s✄✞✌ ✌✂♦❛t✡s✄✐

☞✟✠ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ✄❡✟✌✂s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦✾✱ ✥✛✜✚✥✥✛✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶

✝✳✝✜✜✜✺✙✣✳

P♦r☛✞✄✟✌✎✄✞✂ ❳✳ ✟✞❣ ✮t❣✟✞♦✍ ▼✳✯✳ ✷✆✆✷✳ ✢✐✸ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ✄✞✍✂r✐

s✄♦✞ ✇✄☛t ❣✟☛✟ ☞♦❡❛r✂ss✄♦✞ ✟✞❣ ✄❡✟✌✂ ❢♦☞✎s✄✞✌✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦✼✱

✝✺✢✷✚✝✺✜✝✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✺✝✷✛✜✙✳

✯✟✠✂❡ ❆✳ ✟✞❣ ②✟✍✟☛ ✸✳ ✷✆✆✢✳ ❆ ☞♦❡❜✄✞✂❣ ✟✞✟✠✡☛✄☞ s✄✌✞✟✠ ✟✞❣ ✤✎✠✂r

❡✂☛t♦❣ ③❆❬✐✤q▲④ ❢♦r ✟✎☛♦❡✟☛✄☞ ✄✞☛✂r❛r✂☛✟☛✄♦✞ ♦❢ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟✳

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦❂✱ ✝✙✺✷✚✝✙✣✝✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✣✢✺✆✜✙✳

✯☞t❡✄❣☛ P✳✱ ✪✠✟r☎ ✸✳✱ ▲✂s✠✄✂ ✦✳✤✳✱ ❇✄☞☎ ▼✳✱ ❚✄✠❜r♦♦☎ ✸✳▲✳ ✟✞❣ ❋♦✠✂✡

✪✳P✳ ✷✆✆✜✳ ✭✤❚▼❆✭ ✐ ❆ ✯♣q■✸ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ☛✂✞s♦r ✌r✟❣✄♦❡✂☛✂r ❢♦r

❡✄✞✂r✟✠ ✟✞❣ ♦✄✠ ✂✫❛✠♦r✟☛✄♦✞✳ ✰✲✒✴✑✵✹✻✖✑✽ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ◗✘✱ ✷✙✛✚✢✆✺✱

❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✛✝✶✤✭✆✜✷✙✛✳

✯✞✡❣✂r ✸✳❇✳✱ ❇✠✂✂☎✂r ❲✳✱ ②✂✂❣ ▲✳✤✳✱ ❆✡✂r ❙✳❆✳✱ ✬♦✎✠⑤✂ ▼✳✭✳ ✟✞❣ ❇✟☛✂✐

❡✟✞ ②✳ ✷✆✆✥✳ ❚✂☞☛♦✞✄☞ ✟✞❣ ❡✂☛✟✠✠♦✌✂✞✄☞ ✄❡❛✠✄☞✟☛✄♦✞s ♦❢ r✂✌✄♦✞✟✠

⑥⑦ ✷✆✝✷ ✤✎r♦❛✂✟✞ ❆ss♦☞✄✟☛✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✭✂♦s☞✄✂✞☛✄s☛s ⑧ ✤✞✌✄✞✂✂rs✱ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✹✴ ⑨✵✑✕✒✏✗✻✖✽❴✱ ✝✚✝✜

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✶� ▼✁ ❈✂✄☎✆ ●✁✳✁ ❲✐✝✞✟✠ ☎✠❛ ▼✁✡✁ ❩❤❛☎✠✟☛

s☞✌s✍✌✎ ♣r✏✑✌✒☞s ✌✓ t✔☞ ❚✌✍✍✌✓s ✕✌✓✌✓✖ ✗✘✍♣✙ ❊✚✛✜✛✢✣✚ ✤✥✛✦✛✧★

✩✪✫✱ ✬✬✭✮✯✬✬✮✰✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✴✬✬✭✵✖s☞✎✏✓✖☞✏✙✬✰✭✙✷✙✬✬✭✮✙

❚✔✏✍♣s✏✓ ❉✙❚✙ ✬✸✹✴✙ ✺✻✼❉✽✾✲ ❆ ✓☞♥ t☞✎✔✓✌❡✿☞ ✑✏r ✍✘♠✌✓✖ ✎✏✍❝

♣✿t☞r ✘ss✌st☞❞ ❞☞♣t✔ ☞st✌✍✘t☞s ✑r✏✍ ✍✘✖✓☞t✌✎ ❞✘t✘✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚❂ ❃❄✱

✭✬✯✭❅✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✬✸✰✵✬✙✬❇❇✬✴❅✹✙

❋✌✒s✏✓ ❍✙❆✙✱ ÿ✗✿✍✘ ✕✙ ✘✓❞ ❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙ ✴✰✬✬✙ ✕✘ss✌�☞✒▼ ♣✘r✘✒✒☞✒

✭❉ ✌✓�☞rs✌✏✓ ✏✑ ✖r✘�✌t▼ ✘✓❞ ✖r✘�✌t▼ ✖r✘❞✌✏✍☞tr▼ ❞✘t✘✙ P✁✥✂✣✥✄ ✩✶☎✱

✴✸✯✭❇✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✰❅✬✵✽✆✴✰✬✬✓✬✮✴♣✴✸✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙ ✬✸✹✹✙ ■✜✝✥✧✁✞✦ ❚✁✞✜❂✟✛✁✢❂ ✣✜ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚❂✙ ✳♣r✌✓✖☞r❝

✆☞r✒✘✖✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙✳✙ ✴✰✰✴✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚✞✦ ■✜✂✥✁❂✥ ❚❁✥✛✁★ ✞✜❛ ❘✥✧❡✦✞✁✣✠✞✝✣✛✜

P✁✛✡✦✥✢❂✙ ✺✒s☞�✌☞r✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙ ✴✰✰✸✙ ◆☞♥ ✘❞�✘✓✎☞s ✌✓ ✭❉ r☞✖✿✒✘r✌r☞❞ ✌✓�☞rs✌✏✓ ✏✑

✖r✘�✌t▼ ✘✓❞ ☞✒☞✎tr✏✍✘✖✓☞t✌✎ ❞✘t✘✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚✞✦ P✁✛❂❀✥✚✝✣✜✧ ✶❄ ✭❇☛✱

❇✷✭✯❇❅✹✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✬✬✬✵☞✙✬✭✷✮❝✴❇❅✹✙✴✰✰✹✙✰✰❅✷✭✙✌✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙✳✙✱ ✺✒✒✌s ✍✙❍✙ ✘✓❞ ✕✿♠✔☞r☞☞☞ ✳✙ ✴✰✰❇✙ ✍☞✖✿✒✘r✌r☞❞ ✑✏✎✿s❝

✌✓✖ ✌✓�☞rs✌✏✓ ✏✑ ✭❝❉ ✖r✘�✌t▼ t☞✓s✏r ❞✘t✘✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚❂ ✻✎✱ ✸✴✮✯✸✭❅✱

❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✬✸✰✵✬✙✬❅❅✹✴✭✷✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙✳✙✱ ✳✍✌t✔ ✍✙✏✙✱ ❍r✌✑☞✓♠✏ ❆✙✱ ÿ✗✿✍✘ ✕✙ ✘✓❞ ❍r☞☞✓

❆✙✕✙ ✴✰✬✬✙ ❚✔r☞☞❝❞✌✍☞✓s✌✏✓✘✒ ✌✓�☞rs✌✏✓ ✏✑ ✒✘r✖☞❝s✎✘✒☞ ✺✘rt✔✳✎✏♣☞

✍✘✖✓☞t✏t☞✒✒✿r✌✎ ❞✘t✘ ✑✘s☞❞ ✏✓ t✔☞ ✌✓t☞✖r✘✒ ☞❡✿✘t✌✏✓ ✍☞t✔✏❞ ✯

❍☞✏☞✒☞✎tr✌✎✘✒ ✌✍✘✖✌✓✖ ✏✑ t✔☞ ❨☞✒✒✏♥st✏✓☞ ✎✏✓❞✿✎t✌�☞ ✍✘✓t✒☞

♣✒✿✍☞✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚✞✦ ❘✥❂✥✞✁✚❁ ▲✥✝✝✥✁❂ ✫✸✱ ✼✰✹✭✰❅✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✰✴✸✵

✴✰✬✬❍✼✰❇✷✸✮✭✙

❈✒ ✴✰✬✴ ✺✿r✏♣☞✘✓ ❆ss✏✎✌✘t✌✏✓ ✏✑ ❍☞✏s✎✌☞✓t✌sts ✫ ✺✓✖✌✓☞☞rs✱ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚✞✦ P✁✛❂❀✥✚✝✣✜✧✱ ✬✯✬❇