Transcript
Page 1: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

Geophysical Prospecting ~ EAGE ~~:(~(I:'Il~~'~O:-l OF (; EOSCIE:-ITISTS &

1, I\GIl\I , ERS

Geophysical Prospecting doi: 10.1111/j .1365-2478.2011.01052.x

Large-scale 3D inversion of potential field data

Martin Cuma 1 *, Glenn A. Wilson2 and Michael S. Zhdanov3

1 Center for High Performance Computing, University of Utah, 155 South, 1452 East, Room 405, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA and Technolmaging, 4001 South, 700 East, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA, 2Technolmaging, 4001 South, 700 East, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA, 3 Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 115 South, 1460 East, Room 383, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA and Technolmaging, 4001 South, 700 East, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84107, USA.

Received July 2011, revision accepted November 2011

1 INTRODUCTION

ABSTRACT

Inversion of gravity and/or magnetic data attempts to recover the density and/or

magnetic susceptibility distribution in a 3D earth model for subsequent geological

interpretation. This is a challenging problem for a number of reasons. First, airborne

gravity and magnetic surveys are characterized by very large data volumes. Second,

the 3D modelling of data from large-scale surveys is a computationally challenging

problem. Third, gravity and magnetic data are finite and noisy and their inversion is ill

posed so regularization must be introduced for the recovery of the most geologically

plausible solutions from an infinite number of mathematically equivalent solutions.

These difficulties and how they can be addressed in terms of large-scale 3D potential

field inversion are discussed in this paper. Since potential fields are linear, they lend

themselves to full parallelization with near-linear scaling on modern parallel com­

puters. Moreover, we exploit the fact that an instrument's sensitivity (or footprint) is

considerably smaller than the survey area. As multiple footprints superimpose them­

selves over the same 3D earth model, the sensitivity matrix for the entire earth model

is constructed. We use the re-weighted regularized conjugate gradient method for

minimizing the objective functional and incorporate a wide variety of regularization

options. We demonstrate our approach with the 3D inversion of 1743 line km of

FALCON gravity gradiometry and magnetic data acquired over the Timmins district

in Ontario, Canada. Our results are shown to be in good agreement with independent

interpretations of the same data.

Key words: Footprint, Inversion, Parallelization.

Reliance on desktop computing has limited the use of 3D

potential field inversion, making it impractical to achieve an

appropriate level of resolution and detail for geological in­

terpretation of entire airborne surveys that are characterized

by very large data volumes. Such surveys typically contain

hundreds to thousands of line kilometres of data with mea­

surement locations every few metres, covering thousands of

square kilometres in an area. Regional surveys may be even

larger and denser as the result of merging multiple and/or

historic surveys. For large surveys, structural interpretations

are usually based on a choice or combination of Euler decon­

volution (e.g., Thompson 1982), eigenvector analysis (e.g.,

Beiki and Pedersen 2010), wavelet analysis (e.g., Hornby,

Boschetti and Horowitz 1999), analytic signal (e.g., Salem

and Ravat 2003; Beiki 2010), or depth-from-extreme-points

(DEXP) methods (e.g., Fedi 2007). While such methods may

provide information about the sources of the potential field,

it is not immediately obvious how this information can be

quantified in terms of the physical properties in a 3D earth *Email: [email protected]

© 2012 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers 1

Page 2: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

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✏✌✓☛✙✏♣✌✓ ✔✌✌☞✌☞ ❢☛✏ ☞✌✘☛✓✒t✲✓♣r✍✌ ☞✒✓♣✏✌t✒✜rt✒☛✔ ✭✌✎❣✎✕ ❁✷✫ ♠

♣✌✍✍✓✧ ❢☛✏ ✌✔t✒✏✌ r✒✏s☛✏✔✌ ✓✙✏✖✌✚✓ ✌r✓✒✍✚ ✌❡♣✌✌☞✓ t✑✌ ♣r✘r♣✲

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✓✙s✓✌t✓ ✭♣✒✏♣r ✶ ✲ ✸ ♠✒✍✍✒☛✔ ♣✌✍✍✓ ✌r♣✑✧ ☛❢ ✏✌r✓☛✔rs✍✚ ♣☛r✏✓✌

☞✒✓♣✏✌t✒✜rt✒☛✔ ✭✌✎❣✎✕ ✷✫✦ ♠ ♣✌✍✍✓✧ r✔☞ ✌r♣✑ ☛❢ t✑☛✓✌ ✒✔✖✌✏t✌☞

✇✒t✑ t✑✌ ✏✌✓✙✍t✒✔❣ ✸❉ ✌r✏t✑ ♠☛☞✌✍✓ ✓t✒t♣✑✌☞ ☛✏ t✒✍✌☞ t☛❣✌t✑✌✏

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✓✒✖✌ ✘r✏r✍✍✌✍✒✜rt✒☛✔ ✇✑✌✏✌ t✑✌ ♠☛☞✌✍✍✒✔❣ ☞☛♠r✒✔ ✒✓ ☞✒✓♣✏✌t✒✜✌☞

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♠☛☞✌✍✓✕ ♣☛♠✘✙trt✒☛✔ ☛❢ t✑✌ ✘✏✌☞✒♣t✌☞ ☞rtr r✔☞ ☞✒✏✌♣t✒☛✔ ☛❢

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✒r✍✎ ✱✌ ✓☛✍✖✌ t✑✌✓✌ s✚ ✌❡✘✍☛✒t✒✔❣ t✑✌ ✍✒♠✒t✌☞ ✓✌✔✓✒t✒✖✒t✚ ☛❢ t✑✌

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✓♣r✍✒✔❣✕ ♠✌r✔✒✔❣ t✑rt ✒t ♣r✔ s✌ ✓♣r✍✌☞ t☛ t✑☛✙✓r✔☞✓ ☛❢ ♣☛✏✌✓✎

✵ ✹✺ ✻✼✺✽✾ ✿❀❂

✛✏r✖✒t✚ ✭❯❃✧ r✔☞ ♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ✭❯❍✧ ✘☛t✌✔t✒r✍✓ r✏✌ ✍✒✔✌r✏ ✇✒t✑

✏✌✓✘✌♣t t☛ t✑✌ ✸❉ ☞✌✔✓✒t✚ ✭❄✧ r✔☞ ♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ✓✙✓♣✌✘t✒s✒✍✒t✚ ✭❅✧

☞✒✓t✏✒s✙t✒☛✔✓ r✓ ✘✌✏ t✑✌ ❢✒✏✓t✲✗✒✔☞ ❋✏✌☞✑☛✍♠ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓❇

❯❃✭❏❑✧ ◆

◗◗◗

❱❙❃✭❏

❑❳ ❏✧❄✭❏✧❛✈❳ ✭✶✧

❯❍✭❏❑✧ ◆

◗◗◗

❱❙❨✭❏

❑❳ ❏✧❅✭❏✧❛✈❳ ✭✷✧

✇✑✌✏✌ t✑✌ ✖☛✍✙♠✌ ✒✔t✌❣✏rt✒☛✔ ✒✓ ☛✖✌✏ t✑✌ ✖r✏✒rs✍✌✕ ❏ r✔☞ ✇✑✌✏✌

t✑✌ ✗✌✏✔✌✍ ❢✙✔♣t✒☛✔✓ ❙❃ r✔☞ ❙❍ r✏✌ t✑✌ ✏✌✓✘✌♣t✒✖✌ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ r✔☞

♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ✘☛t✌✔t✒r✍ ✛✏✌✌✔❬✓ ❢✙✔♣t✒☛✔✓✎ ❆✍✍ ♣☛♠✘☛✔✌✔t✓ ☛❢ t✑✌

❣✏r✖✒t✚ r✔☞ ♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ❢✒✌✍☞✓ ♣r✔ s✌ ☞✌✏✒✖✌☞ ❢✏☛♠ ✓✘rt✒r✍ ☞✒❢❢✌✏✲

✌✔t✒rt✒☛✔ ☛❢ ❙❃❭❍ ✒✔ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓ ✭✶✧ r✔☞ ✭✷✧✕ ✏✌✓✘✌♣t✒✖✌✍✚✎ ■❢ t✑✌

☞✌✔✓✒t✚ r✔☞ ✓✙✓♣✌✘t✒s✒✍✒t✚ r✏✌ ♣☛✔✓tr✔t ✒✔ ✌r♣✑ ♣✌✍✍✕ P☛✒✓✓☛✔❬✓

✏✌✍rt✒☛✔ ♣r✔ s✌ ✙✓✌☞ t☛ t✏r✔✓❢☛✏♠ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ☞rtr r✔☞ ✸❉ ☞✌✔✓✒t✚

♠☛☞✌✍✓ t☛ ♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ☞rtr r✔☞ ✸❉ ✓✙✓♣✌✘t✒s✒✍✒t✚ ♠☛☞✌✍✓ r✔☞

✖✒♣✌ ✖✌✏✓r ✭✌✎❣✎✕ ▲✒ r✔☞ ❖✍☞✌✔s✙✏❣ ✶✢✢✤✧✎ ✴✍☛✓✌☞✲❢☛✏♠ ✓☛✍✙✲

t✒☛✔✓ ❢☛✏ t✑✌ ✖☛✍✙♠✌ ✒✔t✌❣✏r✍✓ ✒✔ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓ ✭✶✧ r✔☞ ✭✷✧ ☛✖✌✏

✏✒❣✑t ✏✌♣tr✔❣✙✍r✏ ✘✏✒✓♠✓ ☛❢ ♣☛✔✓tr✔t ☞✌✔✓✒t✚ r✔☞♥☛✏ ✓✙✓♣✌✘t✒✲

s✒✍✒t✚ ✇✌✏✌ ☞✌✏✒✖✌☞ ❢☛✏ s☛t✑ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ✭✌✎❣✎✕ ❖✗rs✌ ✶✢❪✢✧ r✔☞

♠r❣✔✌t✒♣ ✭✌✎❣✎✕ ❫✑rttr♣✑r✏✚✚r ✶✢✤✦✧ ❢✒✌✍☞✓✎ ✱✑✒✍✌ ✌❡r♣t✕ t✑✌✓✌

r✔r✍✚t✒♣ ✓☛✍✙t✒☛✔✓ r✏✌ ✒✔✌❢❢✒♣✒✌✔t t☛ ✒♠✘✍✌♠✌✔t✎ ❋☛✏ ✌❡r♠✘✍✌✕

t✑✌ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ✏✌✓✘☛✔✓✌ ☞✙✌ t☛ r ✏✒❣✑t ✏✌♣tr✔❣✙✍r✏ ✘✏✒✓♠ ☛❢ ♣☛✔✲

✓tr✔t ☞✌✔✓✒t✚ ♣☛✔tr✒✔✓ ✶✣ ✍☛❣r✏✒t✑♠✓ r✔☞ ✤ r✏♣tr✔❣✌✔t✓ ✭▲✒

r✔☞ ✴✑☛✙t✌r✙ ✶✢✢✤✕ ✘✎ ✸✪✪✧✎ ❴☛✇✌✖✌✏✕ t✑✌ ✖☛✍✙♠✌ ✒✔t✌❣✏r✍✓

✒✔ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓ ✭✶✧ r✔☞ ✭✷✧ ♣r✔ s✌ ✌✖r✍✙rt✌☞ ✔✙♠✌✏✒♣r✍✍✚❇

❯❃✭❏❑✧ ◆

❵❜❝

❞❥❦

❙❃✭❏❑❳ ❏❞ ✧❄❞♦①❞♦②❞♦③❞ ❳ ✭✸✧

❯❍✭❏❑✧ ◆

❵❜❝

❞❥❦

❙❍✭❏❑❳ ❏❞ ✧❅❞♦①❞♦②❞♦③❞ ❳ ✭✪✧

✇✑✌✏✌ ④⑤ ✒✓ t✑✌ t☛tr✍ ✔✙♠s✌✏ ☛❢ ♣✌✍✍✓ ✒✔ t✑✌ ✌r✏t✑ ♠☛☞✌✍

r✔☞ ❏❞ ◆ ①❞❳ ②❞ ❳ ③❞ ❳ ✥ ✐ ◆ ✶❳ ⑥ ⑥ ⑥ ❳ ④⑤✎ ★✑☞r✔☛✖ ✭✷✦✦✢✧ ✓✑☛✇✌☞

t✑rt ❢☛✏ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ❣✏r☞✒☛♠✌t✏✚✕ ✓✒✔❣✍✌✲✘☛✒✔t ✛r✙✓✓✒r✔ ✒✔t✌❣✏r✲

t✒☛✔ ✇✒t✑ ✘✙✍✓✌ sr✓✒✓ ❢✙✔♣t✒☛✔✓ ✇r✓ r✓ r♣♣✙✏rt✌ r✓ t✑✌ r✔r✍✚t✒♣

✓☛✍✙t✒☛✔ ✘✏☛✖✒☞✌☞ t✑✌ ☞✌✘t✑ t☛ t✑✌ ♣✌✔t✏✌ ☛❢ t✑✌ ♣✌✍✍ ✌❡♣✌✌☞✌☞

t✇✒♣✌ t✑✌ ☞✒♠✌✔✓✒☛✔ ☛❢ t✑✌ ♣✌✍✍✥ ✒✎✌✎✕ t✑✌ ✸❉ ✌r✏t✑ ♠☛☞✌✍ ♣r✔

s✌ ☞✒✓♣✏✌t✒✜✌☞ t☛ ♣✙s✒♣ ♣✌✍✍✓ ☛❢ ✪✦ ♠ ☞✒♠✌✔✓✒☛✔ ☛✏ ✍✌✓✓ ❢☛✏

r✔ r✒✏s☛✏✔✌ ❣✏r✖✒t✚ ❣✏r☞✒☛♠✌t✏✚ ✓✙✏✖✌✚ ✇✒t✑ ✤✦ ♠ ✔☛♠✒✔r✍

❣✏☛✙✔☞ ♣✍✌r✏r✔♣✌✎ ✩☛✏✌☛✖✌✏✕ ✔✙♠✌✏✒♣r✍ ✒✔t✌❣✏rt✒☛✔ ☞✌♣✏✌r✓✌✓

t✑✌ ✏✙✔ t✒♠✌ s✚ ♠☛✏✌ t✑r✔ r✔ ☛✏☞✌✏ ☛❢ ♠r❣✔✒t✙☞✌ ♣☛♠✘r✏✌☞

t☛ t✑✌ r✔r✍✚t✒♣ ✓☛✍✙t✒☛✔✎ ❋☛✏ ✍r✔☞ ☛✏ s☛✏✌✑☛✍✌ ✓✙✏✖✌✚✓ ✇✑✌✏✌

✒✔✓t✏✙♠✌✔t✓ r✏✌ ✍☛♣rt✌☞ ♣✍☛✓✌ t☛ ☛✏ ✇✒t✑✒✔ t✑✌ ♣✌✍✍✓✕ ✑✒❣✑✌✏ ☛✏✲

☞✌✏ ✛r✙✓✓✒r✔ ✒✔t✌❣✏rt✒☛✔ r✔☞ sr✓✒✓ ❢✙✔♣t✒☛✔✓ ♣r✔ s✌ ✙✓✌☞ t☛

rttr✒✔ t✑✌ ☞✌✓✒✏✌☞ ✍✌✖✌✍ ☛❢ r♣♣✙✏r♣✚✎

⑦✒✔♣✌ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓ ✭✶✧ r✔☞ ✭✷✧ r✏✌ ✍✒✔✌r✏✕ t✑✌✚ ♣r✔ s✌ ✇✏✒tt✌✔

✒✔ ☞✒✓♣✏✌t✌ ❢☛✏♠ r✓ t✑✌ ☛✘✌✏rt☛✏ ✌q✙rt✒☛✔✓❇

⑧❃ ◆ ⑨❃❄❳ ✭✫✧

⑩❶ ❷❸❹❷ ❺❻❼❽❾❿➀➁ ➂➃➃❽➄➅➀➆➅❽➁ ❽➇ ➈❿❽➃➄➅❿➁➆➅➃➆➃ ➉ ❺➁➊➅➁❿❿❼➃➋ ➌➍➎➏➐➑➒➓➔→➣ ↔↕➎➒➏➍➔➙➓➛➜➋ ❹Ð❹➝

Page 3: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ☞

❞❍ ❂ ❆❍✌✍ ✭✎✏

✇✑✒✓✒ ❞❣ ❛✔✕ ❞❍ ❛✓✒ t✑✒ ◆✖ ❧✒✔✗t✑ ✈✒✘t✙✓✚ ✙✛ ✙✜✚✒✓✈✒✕ ✗✓❛✈rt✢

❛✔✕ ♠❛✗✔✒tr✘ ✕❛t❛✣ ❆❣ ❛✔✕ ❆❍ ❛✓✒ t✑✒ ◆✖ × ◆✤ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ❛✔✕

♠❛✗✔✒tr✘ ✙✥✒✓❛t✙✓✚ ❛✔✕ ✦ ❛✔✕ ✌ ❛✓✒ t✑✒ ◆✤ ❧✒✔✗t✑ ✈✒✘t✙✓✚ ✙✛

✕✒✔✚rt✢ ❛✔✕ ✚s✚✘✒✥tr✜r❧rt✢✧ ❊★s❛tr✙✔✚ ✭✩✏ ❛✔✕ ✭✎✏ ❛✓✒ ✗✒✔✒✓❛❧

r✔ t✑❛t t✑✒ ✕❛t❛ ❞❣ ❛✔✕ ❞❍✣ ❛✔✕ ✙✥✒✓❛t✙✓✚ ❆❣ ❛✔✕ ❆❍ ✘❛✔ ✜✒

✥❛✓trtr✙✔✒✕ t✙ ✘✙✔t❛r✔ ♠s❧tr✥❧✒ ✘✙♠✥✙✔✒✔t✚✧ ■✔ t✑✒ ✛✙❧❧✙✇r✔✗

✚✒✘tr✙✔✚ ✇✒ ✥✓✒✚✒✔t t✑✒ ✒❡✥❧r✘rt ✛✙✓♠✚ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✘✙✓✓✒✚✥✙✔✕r✔✗

✛✙✓✇❛✓✕ ♠✙✕✒❧❧r✔✗ ✙✥✒✓❛t✙✓✚✧

✷✪✫ ●✬✮✯✰✱✲ ✮✳❞ ✴✬✮✯✰✱✲ ✴✬✮❞✰✵✶✹✱✬✲

❚✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✛r✒❧✕✣ ✴✭✬✏✣ ✚❛tr✚✛r✒✚ t✑✒ ✛✙❧❧✙✇r✔✗✺

✻ ➲ ✴✭✬✏ ❂ ✼✽✾✿✦✭✬✏✍✻ × ✴✭✬✏ ❂ ❀✍ ✭❁✏

✇✑✒✓✒ ✿ r✚ t✑✒ s✔r✈✒✓✚❛❧ ✗✓❛✈rt❛tr✙✔❛❧ ✘✙✔✚t❛✔t ❛✔✕ ✦✭✬✏ r✚ t✑✒

☞❃ ✕✒✔✚rt✢ ✕r✚t✓r✜str✙✔ ✇rt✑r✔ ❛ ✕✙♠❛r✔✣ ❉✧ ❚✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✛r✒❧✕

✘❛✔ ❛❧✚✙ ✜✒ ✒❡✥✓✒✚✚✒✕ ✜✢ t✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✥✙t✒✔tr❛❧ ❯❣✭✬✏✺

✴✭✬✏ ❂ ✻❯❣✭✬✏❄ ✭❅✏

❚✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✥✙t✒✔tr❛❧ ✑❛✚ t✑✒ ✛✙❧❧✙✇r✔✗ ✚✙❧str✙✔✺

❯❣✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤✦✭✬

❇✏❢❏❄ ✭❑✏

▼✚ t✑✒ ✛r✓✚t ✚✥❛tr❛❧ ✕✒✓r✈❛tr✈✒✚ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✥✙t✒✔tr❛❧✣ t✑✒

✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✛r✒❧✕ ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✒❡✥✓✒✚✚✒✕ ❛✚✺

✴✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

✬ ✼ ✬❇

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❖✦✭✬✏❢❏✍ ✭❋P✏

✛✙✓ ✇✑r✘✑ t✑✒ ✘✙♠✥✙✔✒✔t✚ ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✇✓rtt✒✔ ❛✚

✂◗✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

❱❘◗✭✬ ✼ ✬

❇✏

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❖✦✭✬✏❢❏✍ ✭❋❋✏

✇✑✒✓✒ t✑✒ ❦✒✓✔✒❧ ❘◗✭✬ ✼ ✬❇✏ r✚ ✒★s❛❧ t✙✺

❘◗✭✬ ✼ ✬❇✏ ❂ ❙ ✼ ❙

❇✍ ❙ ❂ ①✍ ②✍ ③❄ ✭❋❲✏

❚✑✒ ✚✒✘✙✔✕ ✚✥❛tr❛❧ ✕✒✓r✈❛tr✈✒✚ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✥✙t✒✔tr❛❧✣

✂◗❳ ✭✬✏ ❂❨❩

❨❙❨❬❯❣✭✬✏✍ ❙✍ ❬ ❂ ①✍ ②✍ ③✍ ✭❋☞✏

✛✙✓♠ ❛ ✚✢♠♠✒t✓r✘ ✂✁�✠✐☛② ☛✄✟✆✡✁✺

ö✴ ❂

❪❫

✂❴❴ ✂❴❵ ✂❴❜

✂❵❴ ✂❵❵ ✂❵❜

✂❜❴ ✂❜❵ ✂❜❜

❤❥ ✍ ✭❋✽✏

✇rt✑ ♥✒✓✙ t✓❛✘✒ ❛✔✕ ✇✑✒✓✒✺

✂◗❳ ❂❨✂◗

❨❬✍ ❙✍ ❬ ❂ ①✍ ②✍ ③❄ ✭❋✩✏

❚✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ t✒✔✚✙✓ ✘✙♠✥✙✔✒✔t✚ ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✘❛❧✘s❧❛t✒✕ ✛✓✙♠ ✒★s❛q

tr✙✔ ✭❋❲✏✺

✂◗❳ ✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

❱❘◗❳✭✬ ✼ ✬

❇✏

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❖✦✭✬✏❢

❖✁✍ ✭❋✎✏

✇✑✒✓✒ t✑✒ ❦✒✓✔✒❧✚ ❘◗❳ ❛✓✒ ✒★s❛❧ t✙✺

❘◗❳ ✭✬ ✼ ✬❇✏ ❂

✉④

☞⑦◗⑧❾◗⑨⑦❳⑧❾❳⑨⑩❶❾❶⑧⑩❷

✍ ❙ ❸❂ ❬✍

☞⑦◗⑧❾◗⑨❷

⑩❶❾❶⑧⑩❷✼ ❋✍ ❙ ❂ ❬✍

❙✍ ❬ ❂ ①✍ ②✍ ③❄ ✭❋❁✏

▼ ✘✙♠✜r✔❛tr✙✔ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛✕r✒✔t✚✣

✂❹ ❂❋

❺✂❴❴ ✼ ✂❵❵

❻✍ ✭❋❅✏

r✚ ♠✒❛✚s✓✒✕ ✕r✓✒✘t❧✢ ✜✢ t✑✒ ❼▼❽❿➀➁ ❛r✓✜✙✓✔✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛q

✕r✙♠✒t✒✓✣ ❛✔✕ rt ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✘❛❧✘s❧❛t✒✕ ✛✓✙♠ t✑✒ ✛✙❧❧✙✇r✔✗✺

✂❹✭✬❇✏ ❂ ✿

❈❈❈

❱❘❹✭✬ ✼ ✬

❇✏

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❖✦✭✬✏❢❏✍ ✭❋❑✏

✇✑✒✓✒ t✑✒ ❦✒✓✔✒❧ ❘❹ r✚ ✗r✈✒✔ ✜✢✺

❘❹✭✬ ✼ ✬❇✏ ❂

✭①✼ ①❇✏❩ ✼ ✭② ✼ ②❇✏❩

⑤✬ ✼ ✬❇⑤❩❄ ✭❲P✏

➂✒✓✔✒❧✚ ✛✙✓ ✙t✑✒✓ ✘✙♠✜r✔❛tr✙✔✚ ✙✛ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛✕r✒✔t✚ ✚s✘✑

❛✚ t✑✙✚✒ ♠✒❛✚s✓✒✕ ✜✢ ➃r✙ ❚r✔t✙➄✚ ➅➂❋ ❛r✓✜✙✓✔✒ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛q

✕r✙♠✒t✒✓ ✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✒❛✚r❧✢ ✕✒✓r✈✒✕✧ ❊★s❛tr✙✔✚ ✭❋❋✏✣ ✭❋✎✏ ❛✔✕ ✭❋❑✏

✘❛✔ ✜✒ ✒✈❛❧s❛t✒✕ ✔s♠✒✓r✘❛❧❧✢ ❛✚ ✥✒✓ ✒★s❛tr✙✔ ✭☞✏✧

■✔ ✥✓❛✘tr✘✒✣ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ❛✔✕ ✗✓❛✈rt✢ ✗✓❛✕r✙♠✒t✓✢ ✕❛t❛ ✓✒★sr✓✒

t✒✓✓❛r✔ ✘✙✓✓✒✘tr✙✔✚ ✥✓r✙✓ t✙ ☞❃ r✔✈✒✓✚r✙✔✧ ❚✑✒ t✒✓✓❛r✔ ✘✙✓✓✒✘q

tr✙✔ r✚ ✗✒✔✒✓❛❧❧✢ ✘❛❧✘s❧❛t✒✕ ❛✚ t✑✒ ✓✒✚✥✙✔✚✒ ✕s✒ t✙ t✑✒ ✈✙❧s♠✒

✜✙s✔✕ ✜✢ ❛✔ s✥✥✒✓ ✚s✓✛❛✘✒ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✕r✗rt❛❧ ✒❧✒✈❛tr✙✔ ♠✙✕✒❧ ❛✔✕

❛ ❧✙✇✒✓ ✚s✓✛❛✘✒ ✙✛ ❛ ✥❧❛✔✒ t✑❛t ✥❛✚✚✒✚ t✑✓✙s✗✑ t✑✒ ❧✙✇✒✚t ✒❧q

✒✈❛tr✙✔ ✙✛ t✑✒ ✚s✓✈✒✢ ❛✓✒❛✧ ❚✑r✚ ✈✙❧s♠✒ r✚ ✕r✚✘✓✒tr♥✒✕ r✔t✙

✥✓r✚♠✚ ✙✛ ✘✙✔✚t❛✔t ✕✒✔✚rt✢✣ ✛✙✓ ✇✑r✘✑ t✑✒ ✓✒✚✥✙✔✚✒✚ ✭❋❋✏✣ ✭❋✎✏

❛✔✕ ✭❋❑✏ ❛✓✒ ✚s✜t✓❛✘t✒✕ ✛✓✙♠ t✑✒ ✓✒✚✥✒✘tr✈✒ ✛✓✒✒q❛r✓ ✕❛t❛ ✭✒✧✗✧✣

❃✓❛✔✚✛r✒❧✕ ❛✔✕ ➆✒✔✗ ❲PP❑✏✧ ❼✙✓ ♠r✔✒✓❛❧ ✒❡✥❧✙✓❛tr✙✔✣ ❛ s✔rq

✛✙✓♠ t✒✓✓❛r✔ ✕✒✔✚rt✢ ✜✒t✇✒✒✔ ❲✧✎➇☞✧❋ ✗➈✘♠❖ r✚ s✚s❛❧❧✢ ❛✥✥❧r✒✕✣

✕✒✥✒✔✕r✔✗ ✙✔ t✑✒ ✑✙✚t ✗✒✙❧✙✗✢✧ ❼✙✓ ✚✒✕r♠✒✔t❛✓✢ ✜❛✚r✔✚✣ t✑✒

❧✙✇✒✓ ✚s✓✛❛✘✒ r✚ ✗✒✔✒✓❛❧❧✢ ✕✒✒✥✒✓ ❛✔✕ t✑✒ t✒✓✓❛r✔ ✕✒✔✚rt✢ r✔q

✘✓✒❛✚✒✚ ❛✚ ❛ ✛s✔✘tr✙✔ ✙✛ ✕✒✥t✑ t✙ ✚r♠s❧❛t✒ ✘✙♠✥❛✘tr✙✔ ✭➉✧

➊✙✓✗✒✔✚✒✔ ❲P❋❋✣ ✥✒✓✚✧ ✘✙♠♠✧✏✧

✷✪✷ ➋✮✴✳✹✱✰➌➍ ✮✳❞ ✶✮✴✳✹✱✰➌ ✴✬✮❞✰✵✶✹✱✬✲

■✔ ✇✑❛t ✛✙❧❧✙✇✚✣ ✇✒ ❛✕✙✥t t✑✒ ✘✙♠♠✙✔ ❛✚✚s♠✥tr✙✔ t✑❛t t✑✒✓✒

r✚ ✔✙ ✓✒♠❛✔✒✔t ♠❛✗✔✒tr♥❛tr✙✔✣ t✑❛t t✑✒ ✚✒❧✛q✕✒♠❛✗✔✒tr♥❛tr✙✔

✒✛✛✒✘t r✚ ✔✒✗❧r✗r✜❧✒ ❛✔✕ t✑❛t t✑✒ ♠❛✗✔✒tr✘ ✚s✚✘✒✥tr✜r❧rt✢ r✚

r✚✙t✓✙✥r✘✧ ➎✔✕✒✓ ✚s✘✑ ❛✚✚s♠✥tr✙✔✣ t✑✒ r✔t✒✔✚rt✢ ✙✛ ♠❛✗✔✒trq

♥❛tr✙✔ ➏✭✬✏ r✚ ❧r✔✒❛✓❧✢ ✓✒❧❛t✒✕ t✙ t✑✒ r✔✕s✘r✔✗ ♠❛✗✔✒tr✘ ✛r✒❧✕✣

➐➑ ➒➓➔➒ →➣↔↕➙➛➜➝ ➞➟➟↕➠➡➜➢➡↕➝ ↕➤ ➥➛↕➟➠➡➛➝➢➡➟➢➟ ➦ →➝➧➡➝➛➛↔➟➨ ➩➫➭➯➳➵➸➺➻➼➽ ➾➚➭➸➯➫➻➪➺➶➹➨ ➔Ð➔➘

Page 4: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✹ ▼� ❈✁✂✄☎ ●�✳� ❲✐✆✝✞✟ ✄✟❛ ▼�✠� ❩❤❛✄✟✞✡

❍✵✭r✮✱ t☛☞✌✍✎☛ t☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ s✍s✔✏✕t✓✖✓✗✓t✘ ✙✭r✮✚

■✭r✮ ❂ ✙✭r✮❍✵✭r✮✛ ✭✜✢✮

❋✌☞ ✑✒✘ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ s✍☞✣✏✘✤ t☛✏ ✓✒✔✗✓✒✑t✓✌✒ ✭✥✮✤ ❞✏✔✗✓✒✑t✓✌✒ ✭❉✮

✑✒❞ ✑③✓♠✍t☛ ✭✳✮ ✌❢ t☛✏ ✓✒❞✍✔✓✒✎♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✭✓✒ ❞✏✎☞✏✏s✮ ✔✑✒

✖✏ ✕☞✏❞✓✔t✏❞ ❢☞✌♠ t☛✏ ✦✒t✏☞✒✑t✓✌✒✑✗ ✧✏✌♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❘✏❢✏☞✏✒✔✏

❋✓✏✗❞ ✭✦✧❘❋✮ ♠✌❞✏✗★ ✦t ✓s ✒✌t t☛✏ ✓✒t✏✒t ✌❢ t☛✓s ✕✑✕✏☞ t✌ ❞✓s✔✍ss

☛✌✩ t☛✏ ✦✧❘❋ ✭✌☞ ✏❡✍✓✣✑✗✏✒t✮ ✓s ✔✑✗✔✍✗✑t✏❞★ ✪✏ ❞✌ ✒✌t✏ ☛✌✩✫

✏✣✏☞ t☛✑t ✣✑☞✓✌✍s ✌✒✗✓✒✏ ✔✑✗✔✍✗✑t✌☞s ✏✬✓st t✌ ✔✌♠✕✍t✏ ❞✓❢❢✏☞✏✒t

✎✏✒✏☞✑t✓✌✒s ✌❢ t☛✏ ✦✧❘❋ ♠✌❞✏✗s ✭✏★✎★✤ ◆✯✰✰✮ ✌☞ ✗✌✔✑✗✓③✏❞

♠✌❞✏✗s✤ s✍✔☛ ✑s t☛✏ ✰✍st☞✑✗✓✑✒ ✧✏✌♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❘✏❢✏☞✏✒✔✏ ❋✓✏✗❞

✭✰✧❘❋✮ ♠✌❞✏✗ ✭✏★✎★✤ ✧✏✌s✔✓✏✒✔✏ ✰✍st☞✑✗✓✑✮★ ✯❢t✏✒✤ ✑✓☞✖✌☞✒✏

✔✌✒t☞✑✔t✌☞s ✕☞✌✣✓❞✏ ✦✧❘❋ ☞✏❞✍✔✏❞ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❞✑t✑ ✑s ✑ st✑✒✫

❞✑☞❞ ❞✏✗✓✣✏☞✑✖✗✏★ ✪✏ ✑ss✍♠✏ t☛✏ ✓✒✔✗✓✒✑t✓✌✒ ✓s ✕✌s✓t✓✣✏ ✖✏✗✌✩

t☛✏ ☛✌☞✓③✌✒t✑✗✤ t☛✏ ❞✏✔✗✓✒✑t✓✌✒ ✓s ✕✌s✓t✓✣✏ ✏✑st ✌❢ t☞✍✏ ✒✌☞t☛

✑✒❞ t☛✏ ✑③✓♠✍t☛ ✓s ✕✌s✓t✓✣✏ ✏✑st ✌❢ ✒✌☞t☛✤ s✌ t☛✏ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒✑✗

✔✌s✓✒✏s ✌❢ t☛✏ ✓✒❞✍✔✓✒✎ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✑☞✏ ✑s ❢✌✗✗✌✩s✚

✆① ❂ ✔✌s✭✥✮ ✔✌s✭❉❾ ✳✮✱ ✭✜✜✮

✆② ❂ ✔✌s✭✥✮ s✓✒✭❉❾ ✳✮✱ ✭✜✲✮

✆✴ ❂ s✓✒✭✥✮✛ ✭✜✹✮

❚☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞✤ ❍✭r✮✱ ☛✑s t☛✏ s✌✗✍t✓✌✒ ✭✶☛❞✑✒✌✣ ✢✷✸✸✮✚

❍✭r✺✮ ❂ ✻

✺✼✼✼

❱✻

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤➲ ❍

✵✙✭r✮❛✈✛ ✭✜✽✮

✦t ✓s ✩✏✗✗✫✇✒✌✩✒ t☛✑t t☛✏ ✗✑st ❢✌☞♠✍✗✑ ✔✑✒ ✖✏ ☞✏✩☞✓tt✏✒ ✑s

❢✌✗✗✌✩s✚

❍✭r✺✮ ❂ ✾

✵✼✼✼

✿✆ ✺

r ❾ r✺

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀✙✭r✮❛✈✱ ✭✜❁✮

✩☛✏☞✏ ✾✵ ✓s t☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✓t✍❞✏ ✌❢ t☛✏ ✓✒❞✍✔✓✒✎ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✑✒❞ ✿❃✿✆✺

✓s ✑ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒✑✗ ❞✏☞✓✣✑t✓✣✏ ✓✒ t☛✏ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒ ✌❢ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓③✑t✓✌✒✤

■✤ ✩☛✏☞✏ ■ ✓s ✑ ✍✒✓t ✣✏✔t✌☞✤ ✓★✏★✤ ❍✵ ❂ ✾✵■★ ❚☛✏s✏ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒✑✗

❞✏☞✓✣✑t✓✣✏s ✑☞✏ t☛✏ ❞✓☞✏✔t✓✌✒✑✗ ✔✌s✓✒✏s ✌❢ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒s ✭✜✜✮ Ð ✭✜✹✮★

◆✌t✏ t☛✑t

✿✆✺

r ❾ r✺

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀ ❂

❾✢

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀

❧ ❾✲ ✭❧➲ ✭r ❾ r✺✮✮ ✭r ❾ r✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❅

✛ ✭✜❇✮

❙✍✖st✓t✍t✓✒✎ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✜❇✮ ✓✒t✌ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✜❁✮✤ ✩✏ ✌✖t✑✓✒✚

❍✭r✺✮ ❂ ❾✾

✵✼✼✼

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀

❧ ❾✲ ✭❧➲ ✭r ❾ r✺✮✮ ✭r ❾ r✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❅

❛✈✛✭✜✸✮

◆✌✩✤ ✏✑✔☛ ✔✌♠✕✌✒✏✒t ✌❢ t☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✔✑✒ ✖✏ ✩☞✓tt✏✒

✑s

✾❊✭r✺✮ ❂ ✾

✵✼✼✼

❱❑❊✭r ❾ r

✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀✙✭r✮❛✈✱ ✭✜✷✮

✩☛✏☞✏ t☛✏ ✇✏☞✒✏✗ ❑❊✭r ❾ r✺✮ ✓s ✏❡✍✑✗ t✌

❑❊✭r ❾ r✺✮ ❂✲❏✆①✭▲ ❾ ▲✺✮ ❖ ✆②✭P ❾ P✺✮ ❖ ✆✴✭◗ ❾ ◗✺✮

❯✭❳ ❾ ❳✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❅

❾✆❊✱ ❳ ❂ ▲✱ P✱ ◗✛ ✭✲❨✮

❚☛✏ ✑♠✕✗✓t✍❞✏ ✌❢ t☛✏ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❢✓✏✗❞ ✭✌☞ t✌t✑✗ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ✓✒✫

t✏✒s✓t✘✮ ☛✑s t☛✏ ❢✌✗✗✌✩✓✒✎ ❢✌☞♠✚

✾❊✭r✺✮ ❂ ✾

✵✼✼✼

❱❑❬❭❪✭r ❾ r

✺✮

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❀✙✭r✮❛✈✱ ✭✲✢✮

✩☛✏☞✏ t☛✏ ✇✏☞✒✏✗ ❑❬❭❪✭r ❾ r✺✮ ✓s ✏❡✍✑✗ t✌

❑❬❭❪✭r ❾ r✺✮ ❂

✲❏✆①✭▲ ❾ ▲✺✮ ❖ ✆②✭P ❾ P✺✮ ❖ ✆✴✭◗ ❾ ◗✺✮

❯❅

⑤r ❾ r✺⑤❅❾ ✢✛

✭✲✜✮

❫❡✍✑t✓✌✒s ✭✜✷✮ ✑✒❞ ✭✲✢✮ ✔✑✒ ✖✏ ✏✣✑✗✍✑t✏❞ ✒✍♠✏☞✓✔✑✗✗✘ ✑s

✕✏☞ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✹✮★ ❴✏☞✓✣✑t✓✣✏s ✌❢ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✜✷✮ ✑✒❞ t☛✏✓☞ ☞✏✫

s✕✏✔t✓✣✏ ✇✏☞✒✏✗s t☛✑t ❢✌☞♠ t☛✏ s✘♠♠✏t☞✓✔ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ t✏✒s✌☞ ✩✓✗✗

✖✏ ❞✏t✑✓✗✏❞ ✓✒ ✑ s✍✖s✏❡✍✏✒t ✕✑✕✏☞★

❵ ❵❜ ■❝❣❥❦♥■♦❝

♣✌t✏✒t✓✑✗ ❢✓✏✗❞ ❞✑t✑ ✑☞✏ ❢✓✒✓t✏ ✑✒❞ ✒✌✓s✘ ✑✒❞ t☛✏✓☞ ✓✒✣✏☞s✓✌✒

✓s ✓✒☛✏☞✏✒t✗✘ ✒✌✒✫✍✒✓❡✍✏✤ ♠✏✑✒✓✒✎ t☛✑t t☛✏☞✏ ✓s ✑✒ ✓✒❢✓✒✓t✏

✒✍♠✖✏☞ ✌❢ s✌✍☞✔✏ ❞✓st☞✓✖✍t✓✌✒s t☛✑t ✔✑✒ ✏❡✍✑✗✗✘ s✑t✓s❢✘ t☛✏

✌✖s✏☞✣✏❞ ❞✑t✑★ ✦✒ ✌☞❞✏☞ t✌ s✌✗✣✏ t☛✓s ✓✒✣✏☞s✏ ✕☞✌✖✗✏♠✤ ☞✏✎✍✗✑☞✫

✓③✑t✓✌✒ ♠✍st ✖✏ ✓✒t☞✌❞✍✔✏❞★ ❚☛✏ ✎✌✑✗ ✌❢ ☞✏✎✍✗✑☞✓③✑t✓✌✒ ✓s t✌

☞✏✔✌✣✏☞ t☛✏ ♠✌st ✎✏✌✗✌✎✓✔✑✗✗✘ ✕✗✑✍s✓✖✗✏ s✌✗✍t✓✌✒s ❢☞✌♠ t☛✏ ✓✒❢✓✫

✒✓t✏ ✒✍♠✖✏☞ ✌❢ ♠✑t☛✏♠✑t✓✔✑✗✗✘ ✏❡✍✓✣✑✗✏✒t s✌✗✍t✓✌✒s★ ✪✏ ✒✌t✏

t☛✑t ✌✍☞ t✏☞♠ Ô✎✏✌✗✌✎✓✔✑✗✗✘ ✕✗✑✍s✓✖✗✏q ✓s ✑ s✍✖✉✏✔t✓✣✏ ✌✒✏ ✑✒❞

✖✑s✏❞ ✏✒t✓☞✏✗✘ ✍✕✌✒ t☛✏ ✓✒t✏☞✕☞✏t✏☞qs ✕☞✏✉✍❞✓✔✏★ ✰s ✩✏ ☛✑✣✏

✎✏✒✏☞✑✗✓③✏❞ ✌✍☞ ✓✒✣✏☞s✓✌✒ ♠✏t☛✌❞✌✗✌✎✘ ❢✌☞ ✖✌t☛ ✎☞✑✣✓t✘ ✑✒❞

♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔ ❞✑t✑✤ ✩✏ ❞✏s✔☞✓✖✏ ✌✍☞ ♠✌❞✏✗ ✕✑☞✑♠✏t✏☞s ✖✘ ✣✏✔t✌☞ ④✤

✌❢ ✗✏✒✎t☛ ⑥⑦✤ ✩☛✏t☛✏☞ t☛✏✘ ✖✏ ✣✑✗✍✏s ✌❢ ❞✏✒s✓t✘ ✌☞ s✍s✔✏✕t✓✖✓✗✫

✓t✘★ ❘✏✎✑☞❞✗✏ss ✌❢ t☛✏ ✓t✏☞✑t✓✣✏ s✔☛✏♠✏ ✍s✏❞✤ ♠✌st ☞✏✎✍✗✑☞✓③✏❞

✓✒✣✏☞s✓✌✒s s✏✏✇ t✌ ♠✓✒✓♠✓③✏ t☛✏ ❚✓✇☛✌✒✌✣ ✕✑☞✑♠✏t☞✓✔ ❢✍✒✔✫

t✓✌✒✑✗✤ ⑧❊✭④✮✚

⑧❊✭④✮ ❂ ⑨✭④✮ ❖ ❳✝✭④✮ ⑩ ♠✓✒✱ ✭✲✲✮

✩☛✏☞✏ ⑨✭④✮ ✓s ✑ ♠✓s❢✓t ❢✍✒✔t✓✌✒✑✗ ✌❢ t☛✏ ✌✖s✏☞✣✏❞ ✑✒❞ ✕☞✏✫

❞✓✔t✏❞ ✕✌t✏✒t✓✑✗ ❢✓✏✗❞ ❞✑t✑✤ ✝✭④✮ ✓s ✑ st✑✖✓✗✓③✓✒✎ ❢✍✒✔t✓✌✒✑✗★ ❳

✓s t☛✏ ☞✏✎✍✗✑☞✓③✑t✓✌✒ ✕✑☞✑♠✏t✏☞ t☛✑t ✖✑✗✑✒✔✏s t☛✏ t☞✑❞✏✫✌❢❢ ✖✏✫

t✩✏✏✒ t☛✏ ♠✓s❢✓t ✑✒❞ st✑✖✓✗✓③✓✒✎ ❢✍✒✔t✓✌✒✑✗s ✑✒❞ ✓s ❞✏✔☞✏✑s✏❞

✑s t☛✏ ✓✒✣✏☞s✓✌✒ ✕☞✌✎☞✏ss✏s ✭✶☛❞✑✒✌✣ ✜❨❨✜✮★ ❴✑t✑ ✑✒❞ ♠✌❞✏✗

✩✏✓✎☛ts ✔✑✒ ✖✏ ✓✒t☞✌❞✍✔✏❞ t✌ ✏❡✍✑t✓✌✒ ✭✲✲✮ t☛☞✌✍✎☛ ❞✑t✑ ✑✒❞

♠✌❞✏✗ ✩✏✓✎☛t✓✒✎ ♠✑t☞✓✔✏s★ ✪✏ ✔✑✒ ✑✗s✌ ☞✏✫✩✏✓✎☛t t☛✏ ✓✒✣✏☞s✏

✕☞✌✖✗✏♠ ✓✒ ✗✌✎✑☞✓t☛♠✓✔ s✕✑✔✏ ✓✒ ✌☞❞✏☞ t✌ ☞✏❞✍✔✏ t☛✏ ❞✘✒✑♠✓✔

☞✑✒✎✏ ✌❢ ✖✌t☛ t☛✏ ❞✑t✑ ✑✒❞ ♠✌❞✏✗ ✕✑☞✑♠✏t✏☞s★ ❋✌☞ ♠✑✎✒✏t✓✔

❶❷ ❸❹❺❸ ❻❼❽❿➀➁➂➃ ➄➅➅❿➆➇➂➈➇❿➃ ❿➉ ➊➁❿➅➆➇➁➃➈➇➅➈➅ ➋ ❻➃➌➇➃➁➁❽➅➍ ➎➏➐➑➒➓➔→➣↔↕ ➙➛➐➔➑➏➣➜→➝➞➍ ❺➟❺➠

Page 5: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✺

☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌✓ ✔✒✑☞✕☞✍☞✕✖ ☞✑ ✎✌♥✒✏✗✎✘ ✉✔✒✌ ✕t✎ ✑✉✑✗✎✔✕☞✙☞✚☞✕✖ ✑✒ ❛✑

✕✒ ✒✙✕❛☞✌ ✔t✖✑☞✗❛✚✚✖ ♠✎❛✌☞✌✛♥✉✚ ✑✒✚✉✕☞✒✌✑s

■✌ ✒✉✏ ☞♠✔✚✎♠✎✌✕❛✕☞✒✌✓ ❛✚✚ ✇✎☞✛t✕☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌✑ ❛✏✎ ✑✎✚✎✗✕✎✘

✙❛✑✎✘ ✉✔✒✌ ✕t✎☞✏ ☞✌✕✎✛✏❛✕✎✘ ✑✎✌✑☞✕☞✍☞✕✖ ✭✜t✘❛✌✒✍ ✷✢✢✷✣s ❖✉✏

✇✎☞✛t✕☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌✑ ✔✏✒✍☞✘✎ ✎q✉❛✚ ✑✎✌✑☞✕☞✍☞✕✖ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✒✙✑✎✏✍✎✘

✘❛✕❛ ✕✒ ✗✎✚✚✑ ✚✒✗❛✕✎✘ ❛✕ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✕ ✘✎✔✕t✑ ❛✌✘ ❛✕ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✕ t✒✏☞❤

③✒✌✕❛✚ ✔✒✑☞✕☞✒✌✑s ❚t✉✑✓ ✒✉✏ ✇✎☞✛t✕☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌✑ ❛✉✕✒♠❛✕☞✗❛✚✚✖

☞✌✕✏✒✘✉✗✎ ❛✔✔✏✒✔✏☞❛✕✎ ✗✒✏✏✎✗✕☞✒✌✑ ♥✒✏ ✕t✎ ✍✎✏✕☞✗❛✚ ❛✌✘ t✒✏☞❤

③✒✌✕❛✚ ✘☞✑✕✏☞✙✉✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✘✎✌✑☞✕✖ ✒✏ ✑✉✑✗✎✔✕☞✙☞✚☞✕✖s ❚t☞✑ ☞✑ ✒✌✎

✒♥ ✕t✎ ♠❛☞✌ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✗✎✑ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ✒✉✏ ❛✔✔✏✒❛✗t ❛✌✘ ✕t✎ ✛✎✒❤

♠✎✕✏☞✗ ✇✎☞✛t✕☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌✑ ✘✎✍✎✚✒✔✎✘ ✙✖ ✤☞ ❛✌✘ ❖✚✘✎✌✙✉✏✛

✭✥✦✦✧✓ ✥✦✦✶✣s

❲✎ ✙❛✑✎ ✒✉✏ ♠☞✌☞♠☞③❛✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✎q✉❛✕☞✒✌ ✭★★✣ ✒✌ ✕t✎ ✏✎❤

✇✎☞✛t✕✎✘ ✏✎✛✉✚❛✏☞③✎✘ ✗✒✌❝✉✛❛✕✎ ✛✏❛✘☞✎✌✕ ♠✎✕t✒✘ ✭✩✩✪✫✣s ❚t✎

✑✔✎✗☞♥☞✗✑ ✒♥ ✕t☞✑ ♠✎✕t✒✘ t❛✍✎ ✙✎✎✌ ✔✉✙✚☞✑t✎✘ ✔✏✎✍☞✒✉✑✚✖ ✭✎s✛s✓

✜t✘❛✌✒✍ ✷✢✢✷✣ ❛✌✘ ❛✏✎ ✌✒✕ ✏✎✔✎❛✕✎✘ t✎✏✎s ❚t☞✑ ♠✎✕t✒✘ ☞✕❤

✎✏❛✕☞✍✎✚✖ ✉✔✘❛✕✎✑ ✕t✎ ✍✎✗✕✒✏ ✒♥ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ✬ ✑✒ ❛✑ ✕✒

♠☞✌☞♠☞③✎ ✕t✎ ✍✎✗✕✒✏ ✒♥ ✏✎✑☞✘✉❛✚ ✎✏✏✒✏✑✓ r✓ ❛❦☞✌ ✕✒✮

✬✯✰✱ ❂ ✬✯ ✲ ✳✯❆✴❣✵❍ r✯ ✑✉✙❝✎✗✕ ✕✒ r✯ ✹ ♠☞✌✻ ✭★✼✣

✇t✎✏✎ ✳✯ ☞✑ ❛ ✑✕✎✔ ✚✎✌✛✕t ❛✌✘ ❆✴❣✵❍ ☞✑ ✕t✎ ✗✒✌❝✉✛❛✕✎ ✕✏❛✌✑✔✒✑✎

✒♥ ✕t✎ ◆❞ × ◆✽ ♠❛✕✏☞✾ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✛✏❛✍☞✕✖ ✒✏ ♠❛✛✌✎✕☞✗ ✚☞✌✎❛✏ ✒✔✎✏❤

❛✕✒✏s ❚t✎ ☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌ ✔✏✒✗✎✎✘✑ ✕✒ ☞✕✎✏❛✕✎ ☞✌ ❛ ♠❛✌✌✎✏ ✑☞♠☞✚❛✏ ✕✒

✎q✉❛✕☞✒✌ ✭★✼✣ ✉✌✕☞✚ ✕t✎ ✏✎✑☞✘✉❛✚ ✎✏✏✒✏ ✏✎❛✗t✎✑ ❛ ✔✏✎✑✎✕ ✕t✏✎✑t❤

✒✚✘✓ ✕t✎ ✘✎✗✏✎❛✑✎ ☞✌ ✎✏✏✒✏ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ♠✉✚✕☞✔✚✎ ☞✕✎✏❛✕☞✒✌✑ ☞✑ ✚✎✑✑

✕t❛✌ ✕t✎ ✔✏✎✑✎✕ ✕t✏✎✑t✒✚✘✓ ✒✏ ❛ ♠❛✾☞♠✉♠ ✌✉♠✙✎✏ ✒♥ ☞✕✎✏❛✕☞✒✌✑

☞✑ ✏✎❛✗t✎✘s ❯✔✒✌ ✗✒♠✔✚✎✕☞✒✌✓ ✕t✎ q✉❛✚☞✕✖ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌ ☞✑ ❛✔❤

✔✏❛☞✑✎✘ ✙✖ ✕t✎ ✘❛✕❛ ♠☞✑♥☞✕ ❛✌✘ ✍☞✑✉❛✚ ☞✌✑✔✎✗✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ♠✒✘✎✚s

✩✎✑✉✚✕✑ ❛✏✎ ❛✚✑✒ ❛✍❛☞✚❛✙✚✎ ♥✏✒♠ ❛✌✖ ✔✏☞✒✏ ☞✕✎✏❛✕☞✒✌✓ ✎✌❛✙✚☞✌✛

✕t✎ ✉✑✎✏ ✕✒ ☞✌✍✎✑✕☞✛❛✕✎ ✕t✎ ✎✍✒✚✉✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ★✿ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✘✉✏☞✌✛

☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌✓ ❛✌✘ ✕✒ ✏✎❤✑✕❛✏✕ ✕t✎ ☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌ ♥✏✒♠ ❛ ✔✏☞✒✏ ☞✕✎✏❛✕☞✒✌

☞♥ ✌✎✗✎✑✑❛✏✖s

❀❁❃ ❋❄❅❇❈❊●❏ r❡❏❇❑▼r❊P▼◗❊❄●

❘✚✚ ✛✎✒✚✒✛☞✗❛✚ ✗✒✌✑✕✏❛☞✌✕✑ ♠❛✌☞♥✎✑✕ ✕t✎♠✑✎✚✍✎✑ ❛✑ ✏✎✛✉✚❛✏☞③❛❤

✕☞✒✌ ✕t❛✕ ✗❛✌ ✙✎ q✉❛✌✕☞♥☞✎✘ ✕t✏✒✉✛t ❛ ✗t✒☞✗✎ ✒♥ ✘❛✕❛ ✇✎☞✛t✕✑✓

♠✒✘✎✚ ✉✔✔✎✏ ❛✌✘ ✚✒✇✎✏ ✙✒✉✌✘✑✓ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✇✎☞✛t✕✑✓ ❛✌ ❛ ✔✏☞✒✏☞

♠✒✘✎✚ ❛✌✘ ✕t✎ ✕✖✔✎ ✒♥ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌❛✚s ❚t✎ ✚❛✕✕✎✏ ☞✌❤

✗✒✏✔✒✏❛✕✎✑ ☞✌♥✒✏♠❛✕☞✒✌ ❛✙✒✉✕ ✕t✎ ✗✚❛✑✑ ✒♥ ♠✒✘✎✚✑ ✉✑✎✘ ☞✌ ✕t✎

☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌s ❚t✎ ✗t✒☞✗✎ ✒♥ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③☞✌✛ ♥✉✌✗✕☞✒✌❛✚ ✑t✒✉✚✘ ✙✎ ✙❛✑✎✘

✒✌ ✕t✎ ✉✑✎✏❙✑ ✛✎✒✚✒✛☞✗❛✚ ❦✌✒✇✚✎✘✛✎ ❛✌✘ ✔✏✎❝✉✘☞✗✎s ■✌ ✇t❛✕ ♥✒✚❤

✚✒✇✑✓ ✇✎ ✇☞✚✚ ✙✏☞✎♥✚✖ ✘✎✑✗✏☞✙✎ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✕ ✑♠✒✒✕t ❛✌✘ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛

✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ☞✌ ✒✏✘✎✏ ✕✒ ✘✎♠✒✌✑✕✏❛✕✎ ✕t✎ ✏✎✑✉✚✕✑ ♥✏✒♠ ✕t✎ ★✿

☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✔✒✕✎✌✕☞❛✚ ♥☞✎✚✘ ✘❛✕❛ ✔✏✒✘✉✗✎✘ ✙✖ ✎❛✗ts

❘ ♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✌✒✏♠ ✭❱❳✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏ ✇☞✚✚ ✑✎✎❦ ✕✒ ♠☞✌☞♠☞③✎ ✕t✎

✌✒✏♠ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✗✎ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ✕t✎ ✗✉✏✏✎✌✕ ♠✒✘✎✚ ❛✌✘ ❛✌ ❛

✔✏☞✒✏☞ ♠✒✘✎✚✮

✆❨❩✭✬✣ ❂

❬❬❬

❭✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣

❵❢✈ ✭★✺✣

❛✌✘ ✉✑✉❛✚✚✖ ✔✏✒✘✉✗✎✑ ❛ ✏✎✚❛✕☞✍✎✚✖ ✑♠✒✒✕t ♠✒✘✎✚s ✫✏❛✘☞✎✌✕

✭✫✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ☞♠✔✚☞✗☞✕✚✖ ☞✌✕✏✒✘✉✗✎ ✑♠✒✒✕t✌✎✑✑ ✇☞✕t ✕t✎ ♥☞✏✑✕

✘✎✏☞✍❛✕☞✍✎✑ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑✮

✆❜✭✬✣ ❂

❬❬❬

❭✭❥✬ ❾❥✬❪❫❴ ✣

❵❢✈✻ ✭★✧✣

❛✌✘ ✗❛✌ ✏✎✑✉✚✕ ☞✌ ✑✔✉✏☞✒✉✑ ✒✑✗☞✚✚❛✕☞✒✌✑ ❛✌✘ ❛✏✕✎♥❛✗✕✑ ✇t✎✌ ✕t✎

♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ❛✏✎ ✘☞✑✗✒✌✕☞✌✉✒✉✑s ■✌ ✔✏❛✗✕☞✗✎✓ ❛ ✗✒♠✙☞✌❛❤

✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ✭★✺✣ ❛✌✘ ✭★✧✣ ☞✑ ✒♥✕✎✌ ✉✑✎✘ ✭✎s✛s✓ ✤☞ ❛✌✘

❖✚✘✎✌✙✉✏✛ ✥✦✦✧✓ ✥✦✦✶✣s ❧✒✇✎✍✎✏✓ ✍✎✏✖ ✚☞✕✕✚✎ ✛✎✒✚✒✛✖ ✎✾t☞✙☞✕✑

✑♠✒✒✕t ✘✎✌✑☞✕✖ ✒✏ ✑✉✑✗✎✔✕☞✙☞✚☞✕✖ ✘☞✑✕✏☞✙✉✕☞✒✌✑s ✫✎✒✚✒✛✖ ☞✑ ✉✑✉❤

❛✚✚✖ ✗t❛✏❛✗✕✎✏☞③✎✘ ✙✖ ✑t❛✏✔ ✙✒✉✌✘❛✏☞✎✑ ✒♥ ✗✒✌✕✏❛✑✕☞✌✛ ✘✎✌✑☞✕✖

❛✌✘①✒✏ ✑✉✑✗✎✔✕☞✙☞✚☞✕✖✓ ♥✒✏ ✎✾❛♠✔✚✎✓ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ❛✌ ✒✏✎ ✘✎✔✒✑☞✕ ❛✌✘

t✒✑✕ ✏✒✗❦✓ ✒✏ ❛✗✏✒✑✑ ❛ ✘☞✑✗✒✌✕☞✌✉☞✕✖s ❘✑ ✑✉✗t✓ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ✭★✺✣

❛✌✘ ✭★✧✣ ✒✏ ✕t✎☞✏ ✗✒♠✙☞✌❛✕☞✒✌✑ ✔✏✒✘✉✗✎ ✏✎✑✉✚✕✑ ✕t❛✕ ✙✎❛✏ ✚☞✕✕✚✎

✒✏ ✌✒ ✏✎✚✎✍❛✌✗✎ ✕✒ ✕t✎ ❛✗✕✉❛✚ ✛✎✒✚✒✛✖s

②✒✏✕✌☞❛✛✉☞✌✎ ❛✌✘ ✜t✘❛✌✒✍ ✭✥✦✦✦✣ ☞✌✕✏✒✘✉✗✎✘ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ✑✕❛❤

✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑ ✕t❛✕ ♠❛❦✎ ☞✕ ✔✒✑✑☞✙✚✎ ✕✒ ✏✎✗✒✍✎✏ ♠✒✘✎✚✑ ✇☞✕t ✑t❛✏✔✎✏

✙✒✉✌✘❛✏☞✎✑ ❛✌✘ ✗✒✌✕✏❛✑✕✑s ❲✎ ✙✏☞✎♥✚✖ ✘✎✑✗✏☞✙✎ ✕t✎✑✎ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③❤

✎✏✑ t✎✏✎ ❛✌✘ ✏✎♥✎✏ ✕t✎ ✏✎❛✘✎✏ ✕✒ ✜t✘❛✌✒✍ ✭✷✢✢✷✣ ♥✒✏ ♥✉✏✕t✎✏

✘✎✕❛☞✚✑s ④☞✏✑✕✓ ✇✎ ✔✏✎✑✎✌✕ ✕t✎♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✑✉✔✔✒✏✕ ✭❱⑤✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✮

✆❨⑥✭✬✣ ❂

❬❬❬

✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣❵

✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣❵ ✲ ✄❵

❢✈✻ ✭★⑦✣

✇t✎✏✎ ✄ ☞✑ ❛ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏ ☞✌✕✏✒✘✉✗✎✘ ✕✒ ❛✍✒☞✘ ✑☞✌✛✉✚❛✏☞✕✖

✇t✎✌ ✬ ❂ ✬❪❫❴ s ❚t✎ ♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✑✉✔✔✒✏✕ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏ ♠☞✌☞♠☞③✎✑

✕t✎ ✍✒✚✉♠✎ ✇☞✕t ✌✒✌❤③✎✏✒ ✘✎✔❛✏✕✉✏✎✑ ♥✏✒♠ ✕t✎ ❛ ✔✏☞✒✏☞ ♠✒✘✎✚✓

✎♥♥✎✗✕☞✍✎✚✖ ✏✎✗✒✍✎✏☞✌✛ ✗✒♠✔❛✗✕ ✙✒✘☞✎✑s ❚t✉✑✓ ❛ ✑♠✒✒✕t ✘☞✑✕✏☞❤

✙✉✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ❛✚✚ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ✇☞✕t ❛ ✑♠❛✚✚ ✘✎✍☞❛✕☞✒✌ ♥✏✒♠

✕t✎ ❛ ✔✏☞✒✏☞ ♠✒✘✎✚ ☞✑ ✔✎✌❛✚☞③✎✘s ❘ ♥✒✗✉✑✎✘ ✘☞✑✕✏☞✙✉✕☞✒✌ ✒♥ ✕t✎

♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ☞✑ ✔✎✌❛✚☞③✎✘ ✚✎✑✑s ❚t✎ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏

✎♥♥✎✗✕☞✍✎✚✖ ✕✉✌✎✑ ✕t✎ ✘✎✛✏✎✎ ✒♥ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛s ⑤☞♠☞✚❛✏✚✖✓ ✇✎ ✔✏✎✑✎✌✕

✕t✎ ♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✛✏❛✘☞✎✌✕ ✑✉✔✔✒✏✕ ✭❱✫⑤✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✮

✆❨❜⑥✭✬✣ ❂

❬❬❬

❥✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣ ➲ ❥✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣

❥✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣ ➲ ❥✭✬ ❾✬❪❫❴ ✣ ✲ ✄❵❢✈✻ ✭★✶✣

✇t☞✗t ♠☞✌☞♠☞③✎✑ ✕t✎ ✍✒✚✉♠✎ ✇☞✕t ✌✒✌❤③✎✏✒ ✛✏❛✘☞✎✌✕✑✓ ☞s✎s✓

✑t❛✏✔ ✕✏❛✌✑☞✕☞✒✌✑ ☞✌ ✕t✎ ♠✒✘✎✚ ✔❛✏❛♠✎✕✎✏✑ ❛✏✎ ✔✎✌❛✚☞③✎✘ ✚✎✑✑

✕t❛✌ ✑♠✒✒✕t ✕✏❛✌✑☞✕☞✒✌✑s

❘✑ ❛✌ ✎✾❛♠✔✚✎ ✒♥ ✕t✎ ✘☞♥♥✎✏✎✌✗✎ ✙✎✕✇✎✎✌ ✑♠✒✒✕t ✭✎s✛s✓ ♠☞✌☞❤

♠✉♠ ✌✒✏♠✣ ❛✌✘ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ✭✎s✛s✓ ♠☞✌☞♠✉♠ ✑✉✔✔✒✏✕✣ ✑✕❛✙☞✚☞③✎✏✑✓

✇✎ ✉✑✎✘ ✙✒✕t ✕✒ ☞✌✍✎✏✕ ✫⑧❚❱❘✫ ♥✉✚✚ ✕✎✌✑✒✏ ♠❛✛✌✎✕☞✗ ✛✏❛❤

✘☞✒♠✎✕✏✖ ♥✏✒♠ ❛ ♠❛✛✌✎✕☞✕✎ ✑❦❛✏✌ ✌✎❛✏ ❚❛✚✚❛✇❛✌✛✓ ❳✎✇ ⑤✒✉✕t

❲❛✚✎✑✓ ❘✉✑✕✏❛✚☞❛ ✭⑤✗t♠☞✘✕ ✎✕ ❛✚s ✷✢✢✼✣s ❚t✎ ✏✎✑✉✚✕✑ ❛✏✎ ✑t✒✇✌

☞✌ ④☞✛s ✥✓ ❛✌✘ ✗✚✎❛✏✚✖ ✘✎♠✒✌✑✕✏❛✕✎ t✒✇ ✕t✎ ♥✒✗✉✑☞✌✛ ☞✌✍✎✏✑☞✒✌

✏✎✑✉✚✕ ☞✑ ♠✒✏✎ ✛✎✒✚✒✛☞✗❛✚✚✖ ✏✎❛✑✒✌❛✙✚✎ ✕t❛✌ ✕t✎ ✑♠✒✒✕t ☞✌✍✎✏❤

✑☞✒✌ ✏✎✑✉✚✕s

⑨⑩ ❶❷❸❶ ❹❺❻❼❽❿➀➁ ➂➃➃❼➄➅➀➆➅❼➁ ❼➇ ➈❿❼➃➄➅❿➁➆➅➃➆➃ ➉ ❹➁➊➅➁❿❿❻➃➋ ➌➍➎➏➐➑➒➓➔→➣ ↔↕➎➒➏➍➔➙➓➛➜➋ ❸Ð❸➝

Page 6: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✻ ▼� ❈✁✂✄☎ ●�✳� ❲✐✆✝✞✟ ✄✟❛ ▼�✠� ❩❤❛✄✟✞✡

❋☛☞✌✍✎ ✶ ✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✑✘ ✑❢ ❢✑♦✙✗✖✘✚ ✭✒✖✘✖✒✙✒ ✗✙✓✓✑✕✉✛ ✓✔✘♣✜✗ ✔✢♦✣ ✔✘✤ ✗✒✑✑✉♠ ✭✒✖✘✖✒✙✒ ✘✑✕✒✛ ✓✔✘♣✜✗ ✤✢❢✣ ✕♣✚✙✜✔✕✖r✔✉✖✑✘ ❢✑✕ ✸❉ ✖✘✥♣✕✗✖✑✘ ✑❢

✦✧★✩✪✦ ❢✙✜✜ ✉♣✘✗✑✕ ✒✔✚✘♣✉✖♦ ✚✕✔✤✖✑✒♣✉✕❣ ✤✔✉✔ ❢✕✑✒ ★✔✜✜✔❚✔✘✚✫ ◆♣❚ ❙✑✙✉♠ ✬✔✜♣✗✫ ✪✙✗✉✕✔✜✖✔ ✭❙♦♠✒✖✤✉ ♣✉ ✔✜✮ ✷✯✯✰✣✮ ★♠♣ ✥♣✕✉✖♦✔✜ ♦✕✑✗✗✢✗♣♦✉✖✑✘✗

♦✑✕✕♣✗✓✑✘✤ ✉✑ ✓✕✑❢✖✜♣ ✱✯ ✒ ◆✮ ★♠♣ ✚♣✑✜✑✚❣ ✖✘❢♣✕✕♣✤ ❢✕✑✒ ✤✕✖✜✜✖✘✚ ♠✔✗ ❜♣♣✘ ✗✙✓♣✕✖✒✓✑✗♣✤ ❢✑✕ ❢✙✕✉♠♣✕ ♦✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✑✘✮

✲✴✵ ✹✺✼✽✾✿ ❀✺✺❁❂❃✽✾❁ ❄❂❂❃✺❄❅❆

■❇ ❊❍❏❇❑❏❊▲❖P t◗❖ ❍❖❡❘▲❯❍❏❱❖❳ ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❪❖t◗❭❳❬ ❭❘t▲❏❇❖❳ ❯❫❭❨❖

❑❯❇ ❫❖ ❯❊❊▲❏❖❳ t❭ ▲❯❍❡❖❧❬❑❯▲❖ ❊❍❭❫▲❖❪❬❴ ❵❘❪❖❍❏❑❯▲▲❝P ◗❭❞❖❨❖❍P

t◗❖ ❑❭❪❊❘t❯t❏❭❇❯▲ ❑❭❪❊▲❖❥❏t❝ ❏❇❑❍❖❯❬❖❬ ▲❏❇❖❯❍▲❝ ❞❏t◗ t◗❖ ❬❏❱❖

❭❦ t◗❖ ❊❍❭❫▲❖❪P ❪❖❯❇❏❇❡ ♥q ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❦❯❑❖❬ t❞❭ ❪❯s❭❍ ❭❫❬t❯❧

❑▲❖❬❴ ✈❏❍❬t ❏❬ t◗❖ ▲❯❍❡❖ ❯❪❭❘❇t ❭❦ ❑❭❪❊❘t❖❍ ❪❖❪❭❍❝ ❍❖✇❘❏❍❖❳

❦❭❍ ❬t❭❍❏❇❡ t◗❖ ①❖❍❇❖▲❬ ❭❦ t◗❖ ❦❭❍❞❯❍❳ ❪❭❳❖▲▲❏❇❡ ❭❊❖❍❯t❭❍❬P

❞◗❏❑◗ ❳❭❘❫▲❖ ❯❬ ❬❖❇❬❏t❏❨❏t❏❖❬ ❦❭❍ ▲❏❇❖❯❍ ❊❍❭❫▲❖❪❬❴ ②❨❖❇ ❯ ❬❪❯▲▲❧

❬❏❱❖❳ ♥q ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❭❦ t◗❭❘❬❯❇❳❬ ❭❦ ❳❯t❯ t❭ ♥q ❖❯❍t◗ ❪❭❳❖▲❬ ❭❦

◗❘❇❳❍❖❳❬ ❭❦ t◗❭❘❬❯❇❳❬ ❭❦ ❑❖▲▲❬ ❑❯❇ ❖❥❑❖❖❳ ❪❖❪❭❍❝ ❯❨❯❏▲❯❫▲❖

❦❭❍ ❳❖❬①t❭❊ ❑❭❪❊❘t❖❍❬❴ ③◗❖ ❬❖❑❭❇❳ ❭❫❬t❯❑▲❖ ❏❬ t◗❖ ❯❪❭❘❇t ❭❦

④⑤⑥ t❏❪❖ ❍❖✇❘❏❍❖❳ ❦❭❍ t◗❖ ❯❊❊▲❏❑❯t❏❭❇ ❭❦ t◗❖ ❳❖❇❬❖ ❪❯t❍❏❥ ❭❦

t◗❖ ❦❭❍❞❯❍❳ ❪❭❳❖▲▲❏❇❡ ❭❊❖❍❯t❭❍❬ t❭ ❳❯t❯ ❯❇❳ ❪❭❳❖▲ ❨❖❑t❭❍❬❴

③❭ ❪❏❇❏❪❏❱❖ t◗❖❬❖ ❊❍❭❫▲❖❪❬P ❯❇ ❯▲t❖❍❇❯t❏❨❖ ❦❭❍❪❘▲❯t❏❭❇ ◗❯❬

❫❖❖❇ t❭ ❖❥❊▲❭❏t t◗❖ t❍❯❇❬▲❯t❏❭❇❯▲ ❏❇❨❯❍❏❯❇❑❖ ❭❦ t◗❖ ①❖❍❇❖▲❬ ❬❭

❯❬ t❭ ❍❖❳❘❑❖ t◗❖ ❪❯t❍❏❑❖❬ t❭ ❯ ③❭❖❊▲❏t❱ ❫▲❭❑① ❬t❍❘❑t❘❍❖ ❯❇❳ ❘❬❖

✈✈③❬ ❦❭❍ ❪❯t❍❏❥❧❨❖❑t❭❍ ❪❘▲t❏❊▲❏❑❯t❏❭❇ ⑦❖❴❡❴P ⑤❏▲①❏❇❡t❭❇ ⑧⑨⑨⑩❶

❷◗❳❯❇❭❨ ❖t ❯▲❴ ❸❹❹❺❻❴ ❼❘❑◗ ❬t❍❯t❖❡❏❖❬ ❪❏❇❏❪❏❱❖ ❪❖❪❭❍❝ ▲❏❪❏❧

t❯t❏❭❇❬ ❯❇❳ ❍❖❳❘❑❖ t◗❖ ④⑤⑥ t❏❪❖ ❳❍❯❪❯t❏❑❯▲▲❝❴ ❽❭❞❖❨❖❍P t◗❖❬❖

❪❖t◗❭❳❬ ❍❖✇❘❏❍❖ t◗❖ ❳❯t❯ t❭ ▲❏❖ ❭❨❖❍ ❯ ❍❖❡❘▲❯❍ ❡❍❏❳ ❭❇ ❯ ❦▲❯t ❬❘❍❧

❦❯❑❖ ❯❫❭❨❖ t◗❖ t❭❊❭❡❍❯❊◗❝❴ ③◗❏❬ ❏❬ ❯❊❊▲❏❑❯❫▲❖ ❏❇ ❬❭❪❖ ❬❊❖❑❏❯▲

❑❯❬❖❬P ❬❘❑◗ ❯❬ ❪❯❍❏❇❖ ❡❍❯❨❏t❝❴ ❽❭❞❖❨❖❍P ❦❭❍ ❯❏❍❫❭❍❇❖ ❬❘❍❨❖❝❬P

t◗❖ ❳❯t❯ ❪❘❬t ❫❖ ❘❊❞❯❍❳ ❑❭❇t❏❇❘❖❳ t❭ ❯ ❦▲❯t ❬❘❍❦❯❑❖❴ ③◗❏❬ ❏❬

❇❭t ❏❳❖❯▲P ❊❯❍t❏❑❘▲❯❍▲❝ ❦❭❍ ❬❘❍❨❖❝❬ ❏❇❑❭❍❊❭❍❯t❏❇❡ ❨❖❍❝ ❍❘❡❡❖❳

t❖❍❍❯❏❇❴

❾t◗❖❍ ❬t❍❯t❖❡❏❖❬ ❦❭❍ ▲❯❍❡❖❧❬❑❯▲❖ ♥q ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❏❇❨❭▲❨❖ ❬❭❪❖

❦❭❍❪ ❭❦ ❑❭❪❊❍❖❬❬❏❭❇ ⑦❖❴❡❴P ⑤❭❍t❇❏❯❡❘❏❇❖ ❯❇❳ ❷◗❳❯❇❭❨ ❸❹❹❸❶

❿❏ ❯❇❳ ❾▲❳❖❇❫❘❍❡ ❸❹❹♥❶ q❯❨❏❬ ❯❇❳ ❿❏ ❸❹⑧⑧❻❴ ❽❭❞❖❨❖❍P t◗❖

▲❏❇❖❯❍ ❭❊❖❍❯t❭❍❬ ➀➁ ❯❇❳ ➀➂ ❑❯❇ ❬t❏▲▲ ❫❖ t❭❭ ▲❯❍❡❖ t❭ ❬t❭❍❖ ❯❇❳

❪❯❇❏❊❘▲❯t❖ ❭❇ ❳❖❬①t❭❊ ❑❭❪❊❘t❖❍❬ ❦❭❍ ♥q ❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ❭❦ t❖❇❬ ❭❦

t◗❭❘❬❯❇❳❬ ❭❦ ❳❯t❯ t❭ ❪❭❳❖▲❬ ❞❏t◗ ❪❏▲▲❏❭❇❬ ❭❦ ❑❖▲▲❬❴ ■❇ ❊❍❯❑t❏❑❖P

▲❯❍❡❖ ❬❘❍❨❖❝❬ ❯❍❖ ❘❬❘❯▲▲❝ ❳❏❨❏❳❖❳ ❏❇t❭ ❬❘❫❬❖t❬ ❯❇❳ ❖❯❑◗ ❭❦ t◗❖❬❖

❏❬ ❏❇❨❖❍t❖❳❞❏t◗ t◗❖ ❍❖❬❘▲t❏❇❡ ♥q ❖❯❍t◗ ❪❭❳❖▲❬ ❬t❏t❑◗❖❳ t❭❡❖t◗❖❍

❊❭❬t❧❏❇❨❖❍❬❏❭❇ ⑦❖❴❡❴P ⑤◗❏▲▲❏❊❬ ❖t ❯▲❴ ❸❹⑧❹❻❴

■❇ ❊❭t❖❇t❏❯▲ ❦❏❖▲❳❬P ❬❖❇❬❏t❏❨❏t❝ ❭❦ t◗❖ ❳❯t❯ t❭ t◗❖ ❨❯❍❏❯t❏❭❇❬

❭❦ t◗❖ ❳❖❇❬❏t❝ ❭❍ ❪❯❡❇❖t❏❑ ❬❘❬❑❖❊t❏❫❏▲❏t❝ ❏❬ ❖❥❊❍❖❬❬❖❳ ❨❏❯ t◗❖

❯❊❊❍❭❊❍❏❯t❖ ①❖❍❇❖▲ ❦❘❇❑t❏❭❇❬ ❭❦ t◗❖ ❦❭❍❞❯❍❳ ❪❭❳❖▲▲❏❇❡ ❭❊❧

❖❍❯t❭❍❬P ❏❴❖❴P ❨❏❯ t◗❖ ❑❭❍❍❖❬❊❭❇❳❏❇❡ ➃❍❖❖❇➄❬ ❦❘❇❑t❏❭❇❬❴ ✈❭❍

❖❥❯❪❊▲❖P q❍❯❇❬❦❏❖▲❳ ⑦❸❹⑧❹❻ ❘❬❖❳ t◗❖❬❖ ➃❍❖❖❇➄❬ ❦❘❇❑t❏❭❇❬ t❭

➅➆ ✷✯➇✷ ✧✙✕✑✓♣✔✘ ✪✗✗✑♦✖✔✉✖✑✘ ✑❢ ✦♣✑✗♦✖♣✘✉✖✗✉✗ ➈ ✧✘✚✖✘♣♣✕✗✫ ➉➊➋➌➍➎➏➐➑➒➓ ➔→➋➏➌➊➑➣➐↔↕✫ ➇Ð➇✰

Page 7: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✼

❋☞✌✍✎✏ ✷ P✑✒✓✑✔✕ ✖✗ ✕✖✕✘✙ ✒✑r✚✖✔r✑ ✖✗ ✕❤✑ ✛✔✕✑✜✒✘✕✑✢ r✑✔r✛✕✛s✛✕✣ ✗✖✒

✕❤✑ s✑✒✕✛✓✘✙ ✜✒✘s✛✕✣ ✓✖❝✚✖✔✑✔✕✤ s✘✒✛✖✈r ✜✒✘s✛✕✣ ✜✒✘✢✛✑✔✕r ✘✔✢ ✕✖✕✘✙

❝✘✜✔✑✕✛✓ ✛✔✕✑✔r✛✕✣ ✘r ✘ ✗✈✔✓✕✛✖✔ ✖✗ ✗✖✖✕✚✒✛✔✕ ✒✘✢✛✈r❛ ◆✖✕✑ ✕❤✘✕ ✘r ✕❤✑

✗✖✖✕✚✒✛✔✕ ✛r r✣❝❝✑✕✒✛✓ ✛✔ ✕❤✑ ① ✘✔✢ ② ✢✛✒✑✓✕✛✖✔r✤ r✖❝✑ ✜✒✘s✛✕✣ ✜✒✘✢✛✑✔✕r

✭✑❛✜❛✤ ❣✥✥ ✘✔✢ ❣✦✦✮ ✖s✑✒✙✘✚❛

✧★✩✪✫✬✧✯✰✬✪ ✰✧✱✲✳✱★✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✳✶✪✬✱✴ ✧★✫✬✱♥✶✪★✬ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✹

✧✬✴✺ ❍✪ ✵✪✶✳★✫✬✱✰✬✪✵ ✬t✰✬ ✰✬ ✫✳✶✪ ❧✧✶✧✬✪✵ ✵✧✫✬✰★❞✪✻ ✇t✧❞t ✇✪

❞✰❧❧ ✬t✪ ♦✡✡☛♣✁✐✟☛✻ ✬t✪ ✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱ ✧✫ ★✳ ❧✳★✯✪✱ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✪ ✬✳ ✬t✪ ✽✾

✪✰✱✬t ✶✳✵✪❧✺ ❚✴✿✧❞✰❧❧✴✻ ✬t✪ ✫✧❀✪ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✧✫ ✶♥❞t ❧✪✫✫

✬t✰★ ✬t✪ ✫✧❀✪ ✳❁ ✰★ ✰✧✱✲✳✱★✪ ✫♥✱✩✪✴✺ ❚t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✫✧❀✪ ❁✳✱ ✯✱✰✩✹

✧✬✴ ❁✧✪❧✵✫ ✧✫ ✿✱✳✿✳✱✬✧✳★✰❧ ✬✳ ❂❃✁❄✻ ✰★✵ ❁✳✱ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✳✶✪✬✱✴

✰★✵ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞ ❁✧✪❧✵✫ ✧✬ ✧✫ ✿✱✳✿✳✱✬✧✳★✰❧ ✬✳ ❂❃✁❅✺

❈✳❆ ✪✬ ✰❧✺ ❇❊●❂●■ ✧★✬✱✳✵♥❞✪✵ ✬t✪ ❞✳★❞✪✿✬ ✳❁ ✰ ✶✳✩✧★✯ ❁✳✳✬✹

✿✱✧★✬ ❁✳✱ ✬t✪ ✽✾ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★ ✳❁ ❏❑▼ ✵✰✬✰✺ ❚t✪✴ ✫t✳✇✪✵ ✬t✰✬✻

❁✳✱ ✰ ✫✧★✯❧✪ ✬✱✰★✫✶✧✬✬✪✱✹✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱ ✿✰✧✱✻ ✬t✪✱✪ ✇✰✫ ★✳ ★✪✪✵ ✬✳

❞✰❧❞♥❧✰✬✪ ✬t✪ ✱✪✫✿✳★✫✪✫ ✳✱ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✧✪✫ ✲✪✴✳★✵ ✬t✪ ❏❑▼ ✫✴✫✹

✬✪✶❖✫ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✺ ❚t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✶✰✬✱✧❆ ❁✳✱ ✬t✪ ✪★✬✧✱✪ ✽✾ ✪✰✱✬t

✶✳✵✪❧ ❞✳♥❧✵ ✲✪ ❞✳★✫✬✱♥❞✬✪✵ ✰✫ ✬t✪ ✫♥✿✪✱✿✳✫✧✬✧✳★ ✳❁ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✫

❁✱✳✶ ✰❧❧ ✬✱✰★✫✶✧✬✬✪✱✹✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱ ✿✰✧✱✫✺ ❩t✵✰★✳✩ ✪✬ ✰❧✺ ❇❊●❂❂■ ✰❧✫✳

✧★✬✱✳✵♥❞✪✵ ✰ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✰✿✿✱✳✰❞t ❁✳✱ ✬t✪ ❧✰✱✯✪✹✫❞✰❧✪ ✽✾ ✧★✩✪✱✹

✫✧✳★ ✳❁ ▼❚ ✵✰✬✰✺ ❚t✪ ❁✱✰✶✪✇✳✱◗ ✳❁ ✬t✧✫ ✰✿✿✱✳✰❞t ❞✰★ ✲✪

✵✪✫❞✱✧✲✪✵ ✰✫ ❁✳❧❧✳✇✫❘ ❁✳✱ ✰ ✯✧✩✪★ ✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱✻ ❞✳✶✿♥✬✪ ✰★✵ ✫✬✳✱✪

✬t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✧✪✫ ❁✳✱ ✬t✳✫✪ ❞✪❧❧✫ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✬t✪ ✱✪❞✪✧✩✪✱❖✫ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✺

❚t✪ ✫✧❀✪ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✧✫ ✲✰✫✪✵ ✳★ ✬t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴✺

❏✫ ✰★ ✰★✰❧✳✯♥✪ ✳❁ ✬t✧✫✻ ✇✪ ✧★✬✱✳✵♥❞✪ ✰ ✶✳✩✧★✯ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ❁✳✱

✽✾ ✿✳✬✪★✬✧✰❧ ❁✧✪❧✵ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★✺ ❙✧✱✫✬✻ ✇✪ ✿✱✳✩✧✵✪ ✰★ ✪❆✰✶✿❧✪✺ ❲✪

❞✰★ ✰✫✫♥✶✪✇✪ t✰✩✪ ✰★ ✧★✫✬✱♥✶✪★✬ ❯●✶ ✰✲✳✩✪ ✰ t✳✶✳✯✪★✪✳♥✫

t✰❧❁✹✫✿✰❞✪✺ ❙✧✯♥✱✪ ❊ ✫t✳✇✫ ✬t✪ ✧★✬✪✯✱✰✬✪✵ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✧✪✫ ❁✳✱ ✪✰❞t

✳❁ ✬t✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ❁✧✪❧✵✫ ✰★✵ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✪★✬✫✺ ❚t✪ ❁✧✯♥✱✪ ✫t✳✇✫

✬t✰✬ ✬t✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✪★✬✫ t✰✩✪ ✰✿✿✱✳❆✧✶✰✬✪❧✴ ❱❳❨ ✳❁ ✬t✪

✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✰ ❂❳ ◗✶ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✺ ❬★ ✬t✪ ✫✰✶✪ ❁✧✯♥✱✪✻ ✇✪

✰❧✫✳ ✫t✳✇ ✧★✬✪✯✱✰✬✪✵ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ❁✳✱ ✬t✪ ✬✳✬✰❧ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞ ✧★✬✪★✫✧✬✴

❇❚▼❬■✺ ❚t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❚▼❬ ✇✧✬t ✱✪✫✿✪❞✬ ✬✳ ✬t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬

✱✰✵✧♥✫ ✲✪t✰✩✪✫ ✫✧✶✧❧✰✱❧✴ ✬✳ ✬t✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✪★✬✫ ✇✧✬t ❭❱❳❨

✳❁ ✬t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✲✪✧★✯ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✬t✪ ❂❳ ◗✶ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✺ ❚t✧✫ ✧✫ ❁♥❧❧✴

✪❆✿✪❞✬✪✵ ✫✧★❞✪ ◗✪✱★✪❧✫ ❇ ❂✼■✻ ❇❊●■ ✰★✵ ❇✽❊■ t✰✩✪ ✫✧✶✧❧✰✱ ✫✿✰✬✧✰❧

✵✪✿✪★✵✪★❞✧✪✫✺ ❪✰✫✬ ✰ ❂❳ ◗✶ ✱✰✵✧♥✫✻ ✬t✪ ✫✪★✫✧✬✧✩✧✬✴ ✵✪❞✰✴✫ ✩✪✱✴

✫❧✳✇❧✴✻ ✬t✳♥✯t ✧★❞✱✪✰✫✧★✯ ✬t✪ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✱✰✵✧♥✫ ✲✪✴✳★✵ ❂❳ ◗✶

✧✫ ★✳✬ ✿✱✰❞✬✧❞✰❧✺ ❚t✪✱✪❁✳✱✪✻ ✇✪ ❞✳★❞❧♥✵✪ ✬t✰✬ ❂❳ ◗✶ ✧✫ ✰★

✳✿✬✧✶✰❧ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬ ✱✰✵✧♥✫ ❁✳✱ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✯✱✰✵✧✳✶✪✬✱✴ ✰★✵ ❚▼❬✺

❲✧✬t ✰ ✶✳✩✧★✯ ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬✻ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✬✳✱✫ ❫❴ ✰★✵ ❫❵

✳✿✪✱✰✬✪ ✰✫ ✫✿✰✱✫✪ ✶✰✬✱✧❞✪✫ ✇✧✬t ✱✪✵♥❞✪✵ ✶✪✶✳✱✴ ✰★✵ ❞✳✶✹

✿♥✬✰✬✧✳★✰❧ ✱✪❡♥✧✱✪✶✪★✬✫ ✰★✵ ✶✧★✧✶✰❧ ❧✳✫✫ ✳❁ ✰❞❞♥✱✰❞✴✺ ❚t✪

★♥✶✲✪✱ ✳❁ ★✳★✹❀✪✱✳ ✪❧✪✶✪★✬✫ ✧★ ✪✰❞t ✱✳✇ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✹

✪✱✰✬✳✱✫ ✧✫ ❥♥✫✬ ✬t✪ ★♥✶✲✪✱ ✳❁ ✪❧✪✶✪★✬✫ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✪✰❞t ❁✳✳✬✿✱✧★✬

✱✰✬t✪✱ ✬t✰★ ✬t✪ ✬✳✬✰❧ ★♥✶✲✪✱ ✳❁ ✪❧✪✶✪★✬✫ ✧★ ✬t✪ ✶✳✵✪❧✺ ❬★

✿✱✰❞✬✧❞✪✻ ✇✪ ✰✩✳✧✵ ✵✧✱✪❞✬ ✫✬✳✱✰✯✪ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✬✳✱✫ ✲✴

✱✪✹❞✳✶✿♥✬✧★✯ ✬t✪✶ ✰✫ ✱✪❡♥✧✱✪✵✺ ❜★ ✳★✪ t✰★✵✻ ✬t✧✫ ✰✵✵✫ ✪❆✹

✬✱✰ ❞✳✶✿♥✬✰✬✧✳★✰❧ ✲♥✱✵✪★ ✬✳ ✪✰❞t ✧✬✪✱✰✬✧✳★✻ ✪✩✪★ ✬t✳♥✯t ✬t✪✫✪

❞✳✶✿♥✬✰✬✧✳★✫ ✰✱✪ ✳❁ ✫✧✶✿❧✪ ✯✪✳✶✪✬✱✧❞ ❁♥★❞✬✧✳★✫ ✰★✵ ❡♥✧❞◗❧✴

✪✩✰❧♥✰✬✪✵✺ ❜★ ✬t✪ ✳✬t✪✱ t✰★✵✻ ✲✴ ★✳✬ ✪❆✿❧✧❞✧✬❧✴ ❞✳★✫✬✱♥❞✬✧★✯

✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✬✳✱✫✻ ✳♥✱ ✶✪✶✳✱✴ ✱✪❡♥✧✱✪✶✪★✬✫ ✰✱✪ ✪❆✬✱✪✶✪❧✴

✫✶✰❧❧✻ ✶✪✰★✧★✯ ✇✪ ✰✱✪ ✪❁❁✪❞✬✧✩✪❧✴ ♥★❧✧✶✧✬✪✵ ✧★ ✬t✪ ✫✧❀✪ ✳❁ ✬t✪

✧★✩✪✱✫✪ ✿✱✳✲❧✪✶ ✬t✰✬ ✇✪ ❞✰★ ❞✳★✫✧✵✪✱✺

❬★ ✳♥✱ ✧✶✿❧✪✶✪★✬✰✬✧✳★✻ ✇✪ ★✳✬✪ ✬t✰✬ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✬✳✱✫

❫❴ ✰★✵ ❫❵ ❞✰★ ✲✪ ✿✰✱✬✧✬✧✳★✪✵ ✬✳ ❞✳★✬✰✧★ ✰★ ✰✱✲✧✬✱✰✱✴ ❞✳✶✹

✲✧★✰✬✧✳★ ✳❁ ❞✳✶✿✳★✪★✬✫ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✳✱ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞ ❁✧✪❧✵✫✻ ✱✪✹

✫✿✪❞✬✧✩✪❧✴✺ ❏✫ ✫♥❞t✻ ✇✪ ❞✰★ ❥✳✧★✬❧✴ ✧★✩✪✱✬ ✰★✴ ❞✳✶✲✧★✰✬✧✳★ ✳❁

✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✳✱ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞ ✵✰✬✰ ✲♥✬ ★✳✬ ❥✳✧★✬ ✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ �✟❢ ✶✰✯★✪✬✧❞

✵✰✬✰✺ ❦✳✬✪ ✰❧✫✳ ✬t✰✬ ✳♥✱ ✧✶✿❧✪✶✪★✬✰✬✧✳★ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ❧✧★✪✰✱ ✳✿✪✱✰✹

✬✳✱✫ ❫❴ ✰★✵ ❫♠ ✧★❞❧♥✵✪✫ ✲✳✬t ✬✳✿✳✯✱✰✿t✴ ✰★✵ ✩✰✱✧✰✲❧✪ ❁❧✧✯t✬

t✪✧✯t✬✻ ✳✲✩✧✰✬✧★✯ ✬t✪ ★✪✪✵ ✰✬ ❧✪✰✫✬ ❁✳✱ ♥✿✇✰✱✵ ❞✳★✬✧★♥✰✬✧✳★

✳❁ ✵✰✬✰✺ ❙✳✱ ✧✶✿✱✳✩✪✵ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★ ✱✪✫♥❧✬✫✻ ✬✪✱✱✰✧★ ❞✳✱✱✪❞✬✧✳★✫ ✬✳

✯✱✰✩✧✬✴ ✵✰✬✰ ✰✱✪ ✫✬✧❧❧ ✱✪❡♥✧✱✪✵ ✬t✳♥✯t✻ ✿✰✱✬✧❞♥❧✰✱❧✴ ✧★ ✱✪✯✧✳★✫

✳❁ ✱✳♥✯t ✬✳✿✳✯✱✰✿t✴✺ ❜✿✿✳✱✬♥★✧✬✴ ✵✳✪✫ ✪❆✧✫✬ t✳✇✪✩✪✱✻ ✬✳ ✿✪✱✹

❁✳✱✶ ✬✪✱✱✰✧★ ❞✳✱✱✪❞✬✧✳★✫ ✰✫ ✿✰✱✬ ✳❁ ✬t✪ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★ ✿✱✳❞✪✫✫ ✰★✵

✬t✧✫ ✧✫ ✰ ✫♥✲❥✪❞✬ ✳❁ ✳★✹✯✳✧★✯ ✱✪✫✪✰✱❞t✺

q✉q ③④⑤④⑥⑥⑦⑥ ⑧⑨⑩⑥⑦⑨⑦❶❷④❷⑧❸❶

❜♥✱ ✽✾ ✧★✩✪✱✫✧✳★ ✫✳❁✬✇✰✱✪ ✧✫ ✧✶✿❧✪✶✪★✬✪✵ ✰✫ ✰ ✶♥❧✬✧❧✪✩✪❧

✿✰✱✰❧❧✪❧ ✰✿✿❧✧❞✰✬✧✳★✺ ❚t✪ ✽✾ ✪✰✱✬t ✶✳✵✪❧ ✧✫ ✵✧✩✧✵✪✵ ✧★ ✰ ✵✧✫✹

✬✱✧✲♥✬✪✵ ❁✰✫t✧✳★ ✳✩✪✱ ✬t✪ ▼✪✫✫✰✯✪ ❪✰✫✫✧★✯ ❬★✬✪✱❁✰❞✪ ❇▼❪❬■✺

❜★ ✰ ❁✧★✪✹✯✱✰✧★✪✵ ❧✪✩✪❧✻ ❧✳✳✿✫ ✳✩✪✱ ✬t✪ ✳✲✫✪✱✩✰✬✧✳★ ✿✳✧★✬✫

❇✧✺✪✺✻ ✵✰✬✰ ✿✳✧★✬✫■ ✰★✵ ✰ ❁✪✇ ✳✬t✪✱ ✰♥❆✧❧✧✰✱✴ ❧✳✳✿✫ ✇✧✬t✧★ ✪✰❞t

▼❪❬ ✿✱✳❞✪✫✫ ✰✱✪ ❁♥✱✬t✪✱ ✿✰✱✰❧❧✪❧✧❀✪✵ ✇✧✬t ✰ ✫t✰✱✪✵ ✶✪✶✳✱✴

❜✿✪★▼❪ ✫✬✰★✵✰✱✵✺ ❚t✧✫ ✬✇✳✹❧✪✩✪❧ ✰✿✿✱✳✰❞t t✰✫ ✶♥❧✬✧✿❧✪ ✰✵✹

✩✰★✬✰✯✪✫✺ ❙✧✱✫✬✻ ✧✬ ✱✪✵♥❞✪✫ ✬t✪ ★♥✶✲✪✱ ✳❁ ▼❪❬ ❞✳✶✶♥★✧❞✰✬✹

✧★✯ ✿✱✳❞✪✫✫✪✫✻ ✯✱✪✰✬❧✴ ✱✪✵♥❞✧★✯ ❞✳✶✶♥★✧❞✰✬✧✳★ ✫✬✱✪✫✫ ✳★ ✬t✪

★✪✬✇✳✱◗✺ ❬✬ ✰❧✫✳ ✬✪★✵✫ ✬✳ ✫✰✩✪ ✶✪✶✳✱✴ ✫✧★❞✪ ✬t✪✱✪ ✰✱✪ ✵✰✬✰

❹❺ ❻❼❽❻ ❾✈✒✖✚✑✘✔ ❿rr✖✓✛✘✕✛✖✔ ✖✗ ➀✑✖r✓✛✑✔✕✛r✕r ➁ ❾✔✜✛✔✑✑✒r✤ ➂➃➄➅➆②➇➈➉➊➋ ➌➍➄➇➅➃➉➎➈➏❣✤ ❽Ð❽➐

Page 8: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✽ ▼� ❈✁✂✄☎ ●�✳� ❲✐✆✝✞✟ ✄✟❛ ▼�✠� ❩❤❛✄✟✞✡

s☛☞✌✍☛✌☞✎s ♥✎✎✏✑♥✒ ☛♦ ❜✎ ☞✎❡✓✑✍✔☛✎✏ ❜✕ ✎✔✍✖ ❡☞♦✍✎ss ✔♥✏ ♠♦s☛

♦✗ ☛✖✎ ✏✔☛✔ ✔☞✎ s✖✔☞✎✏ ❜✕ ☛✖✎ ❖❡✎♥✘✙ ☛✖☞✎✔✏s✚ ❋✑♥✔✓✓✕✛ ✑☛ ✔✓❧

✓♦✜s ✗♦☞ ❜✎☛☛✎☞ ✓♦✍✔✓✑☛✕ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✎s♣☛✖☞✎✔✏s ♦♥ ☛✖✎ ♥♦✏✎✢s

❜♦✔☞✏s ✔♥✏ s♦✍✣✎☛s✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ✑♠❡☞♦✤✎s ✏✔☛✔ ☛☞✔♥s✗✎☞s ☛♦♣✗☞♦♠

☛✖✎ ♠✔✑♥ ♠✎♠♦☞✕✚ ❚✖✑s ✏✔☛✔ ✓♦✍✔✓✑☛✕ ✑s ✍☞✑☛✑✍✔✓ ♦♥ ✍✌☞☞✎♥☛

♥♦♥❧✌♥✑✗♦☞♠ ♠✎♠♦☞✕ ✔☞✍✖✑☛✎✍☛✌☞✎ ✭◆✥✘✦✧ ✍♦♠❡✌☛✎☞s ✜✑☛✖

✔ ✒☞♦✜✑♥✒ ♥✌♠❜✎☞ ♦✗ ★✙✥ ✍♦☞✎s✚

■♥ ✔ ☛✕❡✑✍✔✓ ✍✓✌s☛✎☞ ✍♦♥✗✑✒✌☞✔☛✑♦♥✛ ✜✎ ☞✌♥ ♦♥✎ ♦☞ ☛✜♦ ✘✙■

❡☞♦✍✎ss✎s ❡✎☞ ✍✓✌s☛✎☞ ♥♦✏✎ ✔♥✏ ✎✔✍✖ ♦✗ ☛✖✎s✎ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✎s ✓✔✌♥✍✖✎s

✔ ♥✌♠❜✎☞ ♦✗ ❖❡✎♥✘✙ ☛✖☞✎✔✏s ❧ ♦♥✎ ☛✖☞✎✔✏ ❡✎☞ ❡☞♦✍✎ss♦☞ ✍♦☞✎✚

❚✖✎ ✍✌☞☞✎♥☛ ✒✎♥✎☞✔☛✑♦♥ ♦✗ ✍✓✌s☛✎☞s s✖✑❡s ✜✑☛✖ ☛✜♦ ✖✎✩✔❧✍♦☞✎

★✙✥s ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ✶✪ ✍♦☞✎s✧ ❡✎☞ ♥♦✏✎✚ ✫✎ ✗♦✌♥✏ ☛✖✔☛ ✑☛ ✑s ♦❡☛✑♠✔✓ ☛♦

☞✌♥ ♦♥✎ ✘✙■ ❡☞♦✍✎ss ❡✎☞ s♦✍✣✎☛ ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ☛✜♦ ❡✎☞ ♥♦✏✎✧✛ ✜✑☛✖ s✑✩

❖❡✎♥✘✙ ☛✖☞✎✔✏s ❡✎☞ ✘✙■ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✚ ❚✖✑s ✖✔s ☛✖✎ ✔✏✤✔♥☛✔✒✎ ♦✗

❡✑♥♥✑♥✒ ☛✖✎ ❡☞♦✍✎ss ☛♦ ☛✖✎ ★✙✥ s♦✍✣✎☛ s♦ ☛✖✔☛ ✑☛ ✏♦✎s ♥♦☛ ♠♦✤✎

✗☞♦♠ ♦♥✎ s♦✍✣✎☛ ☛♦ ✔♥♦☛✖✎☞✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ✑♠❡☞♦✤✎s ☛✖✎ ♠✎♠♦☞✕ ❡✎☞❧

✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎✚ ✫✎ ✗♦✌♥✏ ☛✖✔☛ ✜✑☛✖♦✌☛ ❡✑♥♥✑♥✒✛ ☛✖✎ ❡✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎

✍✔♥ ✏✎✒☞✔✏✎ ❜✕ ✌❡ ☛♦ ✪✷✬✚

✦♥♦☛✖✎☞ ✑♠❡♦☞☛✔♥☛ ✔s❡✎✍☛ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ ❡☞♦✒☞✔♠ ✑s ✗✑✓✎ ♠✔♥✔✒✎❧

♠✎♥☛✚ ✫✎ ♥✎✎✏ ☛♦ ✓♦✔✏ ☛✖✎ ✑♥❡✌☛s ✗♦☞ ☛✖✎ ✑♥✤✎☞s✑♦♥ ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ♦❜❧

s✎☞✤✎✏ ✏✔☛✔ ✔♥✏ ✔ ❡☞✑♦☞✑ ♠♦✏✎✓✧ ✔♥✏ s✔✤✎ ☛✖✎ ♦✌☛❡✌☛s ✗☞♦♠

✸✮ ✑♥✤✎☞s✑♦♥ ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ❡☞✎✏✑✍☛✎✏ ✗✑✎✓✏ ✏✔☛✔ ✔♥✏ ✗✑♥✔✓ ♠♦✏✎✓✧✚ ❋♦☞

✓✔☞✒✎❧s✍✔✓✎ ✑♥✤✎☞s✑♦♥✛ ☛✖✎ s✖✎✎☞ s✑✯✎ ♦✗ ☛✖✎s✎ ✏✔☛✔ s✎☛s ☞✎✰✌✑☞✎s

✔♥ ✑♥☛✎✓✓✑✒✎♥☛ ✗✑✓✎ ♠✔♥✔✒✎♠✎♥☛ ✏✎s✑✒♥✚ ✫✎ ✑♠❡✓✎♠✎♥☛✎✏ s✎✤❧

✎☞✔✓ ■♣❖ ♦❡☛✑♦♥s✚ ✙✓✔✑♥ ☛✎✩☛ ✔♥✏♣♦☞ ❜✑♥✔☞✕ ■♣❖ ✑s ✤✎☞✕ s✓♦✜ ✗♦☞

✸✮ ♠♦✏✎✓s ✜✑☛✖ ✖✌♥✏☞✎✏s ♦✗ ♠✑✓✓✑♦♥s ☛♦ ❜✑✓✓✑♦♥s ♦✗ ✍✎✓✓s✚ ❋♦☞

✑♠❡☞♦✤✎✏ ■♣❖ ❡✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎✛ ✜✎ ✑♥✍♦☞❡♦☞✔☛✎✏ ♦♥❧☛✖✎❧✗✓✕ ✯✑❡ ✗✑✓✎

✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✑♦♥ ✔♥✏ ❜♦☛✖ s✎☞✑✔✓ ✔♥✏ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ ❍✮❋✱ s✌❡❡♦☞☛✚ ❇♦☛✖

☛✖✎ ✯✑❡ ✗✑✓✎s ✔♥✏ s✎☞✑✔✓ ❍✮❋✱ ✗✑✓✎s ✔☞✎ ✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✎✏✛ ❜✌☛ ✜✎ ✎♥✏

✌❡ ✜✑☛✖ ♦♥✎ ✗✑✓✎ ❡✎☞ ✘✙■ ❡☞♦✍✎ss ✭✑✚✎✚✛ ❡♦☛✎♥☛✑✔✓✓✕ ✖✌♥✏☞✎✏s ♦✗

✗✑✓✎s ❡✎☞ ✸✮ ♠♦✏✎✓✧✚ ✙✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ ❍✮❋✱ ✎♥✔❜✓✎s ✌s ☛♦ ✜☞✑☛✎ ✔ s✑♥✒✓✎

✗✑✓✎ ✗☞♦♠ ✔✓✓ ✘✙■ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✎s✚ ❍♦✜✎✤✎☞✛ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ ❍✮❋✱ ✏♦✎s ♥♦☛

s✌❡❡♦☞☛ ✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✑♦♥✚ ■♥ ♦✌☞ ☛✎s☛s✛ ✜✎ ✗♦✌♥✏ ☛✖✔☛ ☛✖✎ ✍♦♠❧

❡☞✎ss✑♦♥ ✑s ✍☞✑☛✑✍✔✓ ✗♦☞ ✒♦♦✏ ■♣❖ ❡✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎✚ ❋✌☞☛✖✎☞♠♦☞✎✛

☛✖✎ ✯✑❡ ✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✑♦♥ ✑s s✓✑✒✖☛✓✕ ✗✔s☛✎☞ ☛✖✔♥ ❍✮❋✱✛ s♦ ✜✎ ✌s✎✏

✯✑❡ ✍♦♠❡☞✎ss✑♦♥ ✗♦☞ ✔✓✓ ■♣❖ ❡☞✎s✎♥☛✎✏ ✑♥ ☛✖✑s ❡✔❡✎☞✚

■♥ ♦☞✏✎☞ ☛♦ ❜✎ ✔❜✓✎ ☛♦ ✑♥✤✎☞☛ ♠✑✓✓✑♦♥s ♦✗ ✏✔☛✔ ☛♦ ✸✮ ✎✔☞☛✖

♠♦✏✎✓s ✜✑☛✖ ✖✌♥✏☞✎✏s ♦✗ ♠✑✓✓✑♦♥s ☛♦ ❜✑✓✓✑♦♥s ♦✗ ✍✎✓✓s✛ ✜✎ ✎✤✔✓❧

✌✔☛✎ ☛✖✎ ✗♦♦☛❡☞✑♥☛ ☞✔✏✑✑ ✔♥✏ ✓✑♥✎✔☞ ♦❡✎☞✔☛♦☞s ✜✑☛✖✑♥ ✎✔✍✖ ✗♦♦☛❧

❡☞✑♥☛ ✔s ♥✎✎✏✎✏✚ ❋♦☞ ✓✔☞✒✎❧s✍✔✓✎ ♠♦✏✎✓s✛ ✎✤✎♥ ❥✌s☛ s☛♦☞✑♥✒ ☛✖✎

✗♦♦☛❡☞✑♥☛ ✍✎✓✓ ✑♥✏✑✍✎s ✗♦☞ ✎✔✍✖ ✏✔☛✌♠ ✜♦✌✓✏ ✎✩✍✎✎✏ ✔✤✔✑✓✔❜✓✎

s✕s☛✎♠ ♠✎♠♦☞✕✚ ✫✎ ♦❡☛✑♠✑✯✎✏ ✍♦♠❡✌☛✔☛✑♦♥s ✑♥✤♦✓✤✑♥✒ ☛✖✎

✣✎☞♥✎✓s✛ ☞✎❧✌s✑♥✒ ✔s ♠✔♥✕ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ ✤✔☞✑✔❜✓✎s ✔s ❡♦ss✑❜✓✎ ✔♥✏ ☞✎❧

♦☞✏✎☞✑♥✒ ☛✖✎ ✓♦♦❡s ✑♥ ♦☞✏✎☞ ☛♦ ✎✩❡✓♦✑☛ ☛✖✎ ✤✎✍☛♦☞✑✯✔☛✑♦♥ ✑♥s☛☞✌✍❧

☛✑♦♥s ♦✗ ♠♦✏✎☞♥ ★✙✥s✚ ❚✖✑s ☞✎s✌✓☛✎✏ ✑♥ ✔ s✎✤✎☞✔✓❧✗♦✓✏ s❡✎✎✏✌❡

✔s ✍♦♠❡✔☞✎✏ ☛♦ ✌♥♦❡☛✑♠✑✯✎✏ ✤✎☞s✑♦♥s✚ ❖✌☞ ✸✮ ✑♥✤✎☞s✑♦♥ ✑s

☞✎✓✔☛✑✤✎✓✕ ✓✑✒✖☛ ✑♥ ✘✙■ ✍♦♠♠✌♥✑✍✔☛✑♦♥✛ ✓✔☞✒✎✓✕ ☛✖✔♥✣s ☛♦ ☛✖✎

✓✑♥✎✔☞✑☛✕ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ ✗♦☞✜✔☞✏ ♠♦✏✎✓✓✑♥✒ ♦❡✎☞✔☛♦☞s✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ♠✔✣✎s ✔✓✓

✲✴✵✹✺✻ ✼ P✾✿✾❀❀❁❀ ❂❃✾❀❄❅❆ ❁❉❉❄❃❄❁❅❃❊ ❉❢✿ ❏❑ ❄❅▲❁✿❂❄❢❅ ❢❉ t◗❁ ❱✿❁r❁❉❢✿t

❘❙❯❳❨❬ ✾❄✿❭❢✿❅❁ ❆✿✾▲❄t❊ ❆✿✾r❄❢❣❁t✿❊ ❃✾❂❁ ❂t❪r❊ ❢❉ ❫❄❀❂❢❅ ❁t ✾❀❴

❵❝❞❦❦q❴ ✉t✿❢❅❆ ❂❃✾❀❄❅❆ ❄❂ ❂◗❢✈❅ ❄❅ ❭❀❪❁ ✾❅r ✈❁✾✇ ❂❃✾❀❄❅❆ ❄❂ ❂◗❢✈❅ ❄❅

✿❁r❴

✍✎✓✓s ✑♥✏✎❡✎♥✏✎♥☛ ♦✗ ✎✔✍✖ ♦☛✖✎☞✚ ✘♦s☛ ✘✙■ ✍♦♠♠✌♥✑✍✔☛✑♦♥

✑s ✓♦✍✔☛✎✏ ✑♥ ✔✍✍✌♠✌✓✔☛✑♦♥ ♦✗ ☛✖✎ s✎♥s✑☛✑✤✑☛✑✎s ✔♥✏ ✑♥ ☞✎✒✌✓✔☞❧

✑✯✔☛✑♦♥ ✔s ☞✎✏✌✍☛✑♦♥ ♦❡✎☞✔☛✑♦♥s✚ ❚✖✔♥✣s ☛♦ ☛✖✑s✛ ☛✖✎ ❡☞♦✒☞✔♠

✎✩✖✑❜✑☛s ✎✩✍✎✓✓✎♥☛ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ s✍✔✓✑♥✒✚

✙✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✑s ✌s✌✔✓✓✕ ✎✤✔✓✌✔☛✎✏ ✜✑☛✖ ☛✜♦ ✏✑✗✗✎☞✎♥☛ ♠✎☛❧

☞✑✍s✚ ❚✖✎ ✗✑☞s☛ ♦♥✎ ✑s ✍✔✓✓✎✏ ✝①②✞✟③ ✝④✄✆✐✟③✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ♠✎✔s✌☞✎s

❡✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎ ♦✗ ✔ ✗✑✩✎✏ ❡☞♦❜✓✎♠ s✑✯✎ ✜✑☛✖ ✔♥ ✑♥✍☞✎✔s✑♥✒ ♥✌♠❧

❜✎☞ ♦✗ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛s✚ ■✗ ☛✖✎ ✔♠♦✌♥☛ ♦✗ ☛✑♠✎ ☛♦ ✗✑♥✑s✖ ☛✖✎

✜♦☞✣ ♦♥ ♦♥✎ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛ ✑s ①⑤ ✔♥✏ ☛✖✎ ☛✑♠✎ ☛♦ ✗✑♥✑s✖

✜♦☞✣ ♦♥ ⑥ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛s ✑s ①⑦✛ ☛✖✎♥ ☛✖✎ s☛☞♦♥✒ s✍✔✓✑♥✒

✎✗✗✑✍✑✎♥✍✕ ✑s ✎✩❡☞✎ss✎✏ ✔s⑧

⑥①⑤

①⑦⑨ ✶✷✷✬⑩ ✭✸❶✧

✦♥♦☛✖✎☞ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✎✤✔✓✌✔☛✑♦♥ ♠✎☛☞✑✍ ✑s ❷❸✄❹ ✝④✄✆✐✟③✛

✜✖✑✍✖ ☞✎✓✔☛✎s ☛✖✎ ☛✑♠✎ ☛♦ ✍♦♠❡✓✎☛✎ ♦♥✎ ✌♥✑☛ ♦✗ ✜♦☞✣ ♦♥ ♦♥✎

❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛✛ ①⑤✛ ☛♦ ☛✖✎ ☛✑♠✎ ☛♦ ❡✎☞✗♦☞♠ ⑥ ✌♥✑☛s ♦✗ ✜♦☞✣

♦♥ ⑥ ❡☞♦✍✎ss✑♥✒ ✎✓✎♠✎♥☛s✛ ①⑦✛ ✔s⑧

①⑤

①⑦⑨ ✶✷✷✬⑩ ✭❺✷✧

■♥ ❜♦☛✖ ✍✔s✎s✛ ✑✏✎✔✓ ✭✓✑♥✎✔☞✧ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✑s ✶✷✷✬✚ ✦♥✕ s✍✔✓✑♥✒

❜✎✓♦✜ ✶✷✷✬ ✑s s✌❜✓✑♥✎✔☞✚ ✦♥✕ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✔❜♦✤✎ ✶✷✷✬ ✑s s✌❡✎☞❧

✓✑♥✎✔☞✚ ✫✎ ♥♦☛✎ ☛✖✔☛ ✑☛ ✑s ❡♦ss✑❜✓✎ ☛♦ ✔✍✖✑✎✤✎ s✌❡✎☞✓✑♥✎✔☞ s✍✔✓❧

✑♥✒ ✏✌✎ ☛♦ ✖✔☞✏✜✔☞✎ ✔☞✍✖✑☛✎✍☛✌☞✔✓ ✗✎✔☛✌☞✎s ☛✖✔☛ ♠✌✓☛✑❡☞♦✍✎ss♦☞

❡☞♦✒☞✔♠s ✍✔♥ ✎✩❡✓♦✑☛✚

✫✎ ✎✤✔✓✌✔☛✎✏ ☛✖✎ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ ✎✗✗✑✍✑✎♥✍✕ ♦✗ ♦✌☞ s♦✗☛✜✔☞✎ ✌s✑♥✒

☛✖✎ ✥♥✑✤✎☞s✑☛✕ ♦✗ ✥☛✔✖ ★✎♥☛✎☞ ✗♦☞ ❍✑✒✖ ✙✎☞✗♦☞♠✔♥✍✎ ★♦♠❧

❡✌☛✑♥✒✢s ❻♠❜✎☞ ✍✓✌s☛✎☞✛ ✜✖✑✍✖ ✖✔s ✪❼✷ ♥♦✏✎s✛ ✎✔✍✖ ✎✰✌✑❡❡✎✏

✜✑☛✖ ☛✜♦ ✖✎✩✔❧✍♦☞✎ ■♥☛✎✓ ❽✎♦♥ ★✙✥s ✭✶✪ ✍♦☞✎s♣♥♦✏✎✧ ☞✌♥♥✑♥✒

✔☛ ✪✚✽ ❾❍✯ ✜✑☛✖ ✪❺ ❾❇ ♦✗ ❿✦✘ ✔♥✏ ✔ ➀✮❿ ■♥✗✑♥✑❇✔♥✏ ✑♥☛✎☞❧

✍♦♥♥✎✍☛✚ ❋✑✒✌☞✎ ✸ s✖♦✜s ☛✖✎ ❡✔☞✔✓✓✎✓ s✍✔✓✑♥✒ ✎✗✗✑✍✑✎♥✍✕ ✜✑☛✖

☛✖✎ ➁☞✎✏✎✗♦☞☛ ❋✦➂★❖◆ ✍✔s✎ s☛✌✏✕ ❜✕ ✫✑✓s♦♥✛ ★✌♠✔ ✔♥✏

➃➄ ❝❞❦❝ ➅❪✿❢➆❁✾❅ ❙❂❂❢❃❄✾t❄❢❅ ❢❉ ➇❁❢❂❃❄❁❅t❄❂t❂ ➈ ➅❅❆❄❅❁❁✿❂➉ ➊➋➌➍➎➏➐➑➒➓➔ →➣➌➐➍➋➒↔➑↕➙➉ ❦Ð❦➛

Page 9: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✾

❩☞✌✍✎✏✑ ✭✒✓✔✔✕✖ ■✎ t☞❤ ❝✍✗❤ ✏✘ ✗ts✏✎✙ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙✜ ✍✗ ✌❤❞✛❝t❤✌

❜✢ t☞❤ ❜✚✣❤ ✚✛✎❤ ✛✎ ❋✛✙✖ ✤✜ ✇❤ ❝☞✏✗❤ ✍ ✤✥ ♠✏✌❤✚ ✇✛t☞ ✦✔✔

♠✛✚✚✛✏✎ ❝❤✚✚✗ ✍✎✌ ✦✻✓✓✓✓✓ ✌✍t✍✖ ❚☞❤ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙ ❤✘✘✛❝✛❤✎❝✢ ✛✗ ❤❡✧

❝❤✚✚❤✎t ✘s✏♠ ✔✶★✒✶✶ ❝✏s❤✗✖ ❲❤ ✗❤❤ ✍ ✌s✏❞ ✍t ✺✩✻ ❝✏s❤✗✖ ❚☞✛✗

✛✗ ✌✣❤ t✏ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✔✒ s✍t☞❤s t☞✍✎ ✻ t☞s❤✍✌✗ ❞❤s ❞s✏❝❤✗✗✖ ❚☞❤

♠❤♠✏s✢ ✚✏✍✌ ✛✗ ♠✣❝☞ ♠✏s❤ ✣✎❤✑❤✎ ✘✏s t☞❤ ✗✛✎✙✚❤ ▼P■ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗

✗☞✍s✛✎✙ t☞s❤✍✌✗ ✏✎ ❜✏t☞ ❈P✪ ✗✏❝✫❤t✗ ✇✛t☞✛✎ t☞❤ ✎✏✌❤✜ ✇☞✛❝☞

✌❤❝s❤✍✗❤✗ t☞❤ ❤✘✘✛❝✛❤✎❝✢ ❜✢ ✔✺✬✖ ❚☞❤ ✇❤✍✫ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙✜ ✌❤❞✛❝t❤✌

❜✢ t☞❤ s❤✌ ✚✛✎❤ ✛✎ ❋✛✙✖ ✤✜ ✑✍s✛❤✌ t☞❤ ✎✣♠❜❤s ✏✘ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ❝❤✚✚✗

✘s✏♠ ✦✔✔ ♠✛✚✚✛✏✎ ❝❤✚✚✗ ✏✎ ✔✶ ❝✏s❤✗ t✏ ✦✤✺✓ ♠✛✚✚✛✏✎ ❝❤✚✚✗ ✏✎

✺✩✻ ❝✏s❤✗✖ ❆✙✍✛✎✜ t☞❤ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙ ✛✗ ✎❤✍s✚✢ ✚✛✎❤✍s ✇✛t☞ ✍ ✔✧✒ ✬ ✌✛✘✧

✘❤s❤✎❝❤✜ ✇☞✛❝☞ ❝✍✎ ❜❤ ✍tts✛❜✣t❤✌ t✏ ✗✢✗t❤♠ ✎✏✛✗❤✖ ❚☞❤ ✏✣t❝✏♠❤

✘s✏♠ t☞❤ ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙ ✍✎✍✚✢✗✛✗ ✛✗ ✗❤✑❤s✍✚✧✘✏✚✌✖ ❋✛s✗t✜ ✏✣s ✤✥ ✛✎✑❤s✧

✗✛✏✎ ✗✏✘t✇✍s❤ ✗☞✏✇✗ ✎❤✍s✧✚✛✎❤✍s ✗❝✍✚✛✎✙ ✍✎✌ ✛t ✛✗ ❤❡❞❤❝t❤✌ t✏

✗❝✍✚❤ ✇❤✚✚ t✏ ♠✍✗✗✛✑❤✚✢ ❞✍s✍✚✚❤✚ ❝✏♠❞✣t❤s✗ ✇✛t☞ t☞✏✣✗✍✎✌✗ ✏✘

❝✏s❤✗✖ ❙❤❝✏✎✌✜ ✇❤ ✛✌❤✎t✛✘✛❤✌ ☞✏✇ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗ ✍✎✌ t☞s❤✍✌ ✚✏❝✍✚✛t✢ ✛✗

❝s✛t✛❝✍✚ ✛✎ ✍❝☞✛❤✑✛✎✙ ✏❞t✛♠✍✚ ❞❤s✘✏s♠✍✎❝❤✜ ✇✛t☞ ▼P■ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗❤✗

❜✏✣✎✌ ✏✎❤ ❞❤s ✗✏❝✫❤t ❜❤✛✎✙ t☞❤ ❜❤✗t ❝☞✏✛❝❤✖

✹ ✮✯✰✱ ✰✲✳✴✵ ✷ ✲ ✼✽✽✼✿✰ ❀ ❖✿✲✯❁✼❖

❲❤ ✛✎✌❤❞❤✎✌❤✎t✚✢ ✍❞❞✚✛❤✌ ✏✣s ✚✍s✙❤✧✗❝✍✚❤ ✤✥ ❞✏t❤✎t✛✍✚ ✘✛❤✚✌

✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✇✛t☞ ✍ ♠✏✑✛✎✙ ✘✏✏t❞s✛✎t t✏ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✍✛s❜✏s✎❤ ✙s✍✑✧

✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛✏♠❤ts✢ ✭❆❅❅✕ ✍✎✌ ❚▼■ ✌✍t✍ ✍❝❛✣✛s❤✌ ✏✑❤s t☞❤ ❚✛♠✧

♠✛✎✗ ✌✛✗ts✛❝t ✛✎ ❃✎t✍s✛✏✜ ❈✍✎✍✌✍✖ ❚✛♠♠✛✎✗ ✛✗ s❤❞s❤✗❤✎t✍t✛✑❤

✏✘ ❆s❝☞❤✍✎ t❤ss✍✎❤✗ ✍✎✌ ✛✗ ✚✏❝✍t❤✌ ✛✎ t☞❤ ❆❜✛t✛❜✛ ❙✣❜❞s✏✑✛✎❝❤✜

✛✎❝✚✣✌✛✎✙ ❤✍✗t ✏✘ t☞❤▼✍tt✍✙✍♠✛ ❘✛✑❤s ❋✍✣✚t✖ ❚☞❤ ✍s❤✍ ✛✗ ✣✎✌❤s✧

✚✍✛✎ ❜✢ ❆s❝☞❤✍✎ ✭✦✒✖✩ ❜✖✢✖✕ ♠✍✘✛❝ ✛✎ts✣✗✛✑❤✗ ✍✎✌ ♠❤t✍✑✏✚❝✍✎✛❝

s✏❝✫✗ ✛✎ t☞❤ ❤✍✗t ✍✎✌ ✘❤✚✗✛❝ t✏ ✛✎t❤s♠❤✌✛✍t❤ ♠❤t✍✑✏✚❝✍✎✛❝ s✏❝✫✗

✛✎ t☞❤ ✇❤✗t✖ ❄❄❲✧✗ts✛✫✛✎✙ Ps✏t❤s✏❇✏✛❝ ✌✛✍❜✍✗❤ ✌✢✫❤✗ ✍s❤ ❤✑✛✧

✌❤✎t ✛✎ t☞❤ ❚▼■ ✌✍t✍✖ ❈✏❞❞❤s ✍✎✌ ✚❤✍✌✧❇✛✎❝ ✑❤✛✎❊s❤❞✚✍❝❤♠❤✎t

✍✎✌ ✗ts✍t✍❜✏✣✎✌✜ ✑✏✚❝✍✎✏✙❤✎✛❝ ♠✍✗✗✛✑❤ ✗✣✚❞☞✛✌❤ ✭●▼❙✕ ♠✛✎✧

❤s✍✚✛❇✍t✛✏✎ ✏❝❝✣s ✛✎ t☞❤ ✛♠♠❤✌✛✍t❤ ✑✛❝✛✎✛t✢ ✭❙✎✢✌❤s ❤t ✍✚✖ ✒✓✓✶✕✖

❋✏s ❤❡✍♠❞✚❤✜ t☞❤ ❑✛✌✌ ❈s❤❤✫ ●▼❙ ✌❤❞✏✗✛t ✏❝❝✣s✗ ✇✛t☞✛✎ t☞❤

✗✣s✑❤✢ ✍s❤✍✖

❍❏◆❏◗ ❯✉✁✠✄❱ ❢✄✆✝✁✐♣☛✐✡✟

❚☞❤ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ❆❅❅ ✗✢✗t❤♠ ✛✗ ✌❤✗✛✙✎❤✌ t✏ ♠❤✍✗✣s❤ ☞✏s✛❇✏✎t✍✚

❝✣s✑✍t✣s❤ ❝✏♠❞✏✎❤✎t✗ ✏✘ t☞❤ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t✜ ✛✖❤✖✜ ✂①❳ ✍✎✌

✂❨ ❬❣❭❭❾❣②②❪ ✖ ❚☞❤ ✘✣✚✚ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ t❤✎✗✏s ✛✗ t☞❤✎ ✌❤s✛✑❤✌ ✘s✏♠ t☞❤✗❤

♠❤✍✗✣s❤✌ ❝✏♠❞✏✎❤✎t✗ ✭❂❤❤ ✒✓✓✔✕✖ ■✎ ❃❝t✏❜❤s ✒✓✓✾✜ ❋✣✙s✏

❆✛s❜✏s✎❤ ❙✣s✑❤✢✗ ✘✚❤✇ ✍ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✗✣s✑❤✢ ✏✘ ✔✩❫✤ ✚✛✎❤ ✫♠✏✑❤s

t☞❤ ❚✛♠♠✛✎✗ ✍s❤✍✖ ❚☞❤ ✗✣s✑❤✢ ✇✍✗ ✘✚✏✇✎ ❤✍✗t✧✇❤✗t ✇✛t☞ ✍ ✚✛✎❤

✗❞✍❝✛✎✙ ✏✘ ✺✓✓ ♠ ✍✎✌ ✇✛t☞ t✇✏ ✎✏st☞✧✗✏✣t☞ t✛❤✧✚✛✎❤✗ ✗❞✍❝❤✌ ✍t

✺ ✫♠✜ ✏✑❤s ✍✎ ✍s❤✍ ✤✻ ✫♠ ❤✍✗t✧✇❤✗t ❜✢ ✒✒✖✺ ✫♠ ✎✏st☞✧✗✏✣t☞✖

❚☞❤ ✙s✏✣✎✌ ❝✚❤✍s✍✎❝❤ ✇✍✗ ✎✏♠✛✎✍✚✚✢ ✔❫✓ ♠ ✘✚✏✇✎ ✛✎ ✍ ✌s✍❞❤

✏✑❤s t☞❤ t❤ss✍✛✎✖ ❚☞❤ ♠❤✍✗✣s❤✌ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t✗ ✇❤s❤ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗❤✌ ❜✢

t☞❤ ✣✗✣✍✚ ♠✣✚t✛✗t❤❞ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ❞s✏❝❤✗✗✛✎✙ ❞s✏❝❤✌✣s❤✗✖ ❆✘t❤s t☞❤

✛✎✛t✛✍✚ s❤✌✣❝t✛✏✎ ✏✘ ❤ss✏s ✌✣❤ t✏ t☞❤ s❤✗✛✌✣✍✚ ❤✘✘❤❝t✗ ✏✘ ✍✛s❝s✍✘t

♠✏t✛✏✎✜ t☞❤ ✌✍t✍ ✇❤s❤ ✌❤♠✏✌✣✚✍t❤✌ ✍✎✌ ✚✏✇✧❞✍✗✗ ✘✛✚t❤s❤✌ ✇✛t☞

✍ ✻t☞ ✏s✌❤s ❴✣tt❤s✇✏st☞ ✚✏✇✧❞✍✗✗ ✘✛✚t❤s ✍t ✍ ❝✣t✧✏✘✘ ✘s❤❛✣❤✎❝✢

✏✘ ✓✖✔✶ ❵❇✖ ❚☞❤ ✌❤♠✏✌✣✚✍t❤✌ ✌✍t✍ ✇❤s❤ ❝✏ss❤❝t❤✌ ✘✏s t☞❤ ✗❤✚✘✧

✙s✍✌✛❤✎t ❤✘✘❤❝t✗ ✏✘ t☞❤ ✍✛s❝s✍✘t ✍✎✌ t☞❤ t✛❤✧✚✛✎❤✗ ✇❤s❤ ✚❤✑❤✚✚❤✌✖

❚☞❤✗❤ ✌✛✘✘❤s❤✎t✛✍✚ ❝✣s✑✍t✣s❤ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t ✌✍t✍ ✇❤s❤ ✘✣st☞❤s

❞s✏❝❤✗✗❤✌ t✏ ❞s✏✌✣❝❤ t❤ss✍✛✎✧❝✏ss❤❝t❤✌ ✌✍t✍ ✣✗✛✎✙ ✍ ✌❤✎✗✛t✢ ✏✘

✒✖✻✩ ✙❊❝♠❥ ✍✎✌ t☞❤✎❝❤ t☞❤ ✘✣✚✚ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t t❤✎✗✏s✖ ■✎ t☞❤

❞s✏❝❤✗✗✛✎✙✜ ✍ ✚✏✇✧❞✍✗✗ ✘✛✚t❤s ✇✛t☞ ✍ ❝✣t✧✏✘✘ ✇✍✑❤✚❤✎✙t☞ ✏✘ ✩✺✓

♠ ✇✍✗ ✍❞❞✚✛❤✌ t✏ t☞❤ ✌✍t✍✖ ❚▼■ ✌✍t✍ ✇❤s❤ ✍✚✗✏ ✍❝❛✣✛s❤✌ ✍✎✌

✇❤ ✛✎✑❤st❤✌ ✣❞✏✎ t☞❤ ✍✎✏♠✍✚✏✣✗ ❚▼■❦ ✛✖❤✖✜ t☞❤ ■❅❘❋ ✇✍✗

s❤♠✏✑❤✌ ✘s✏♠ t☞❤ ✏❜✗❤s✑❤✌ ❚▼■✖

❍❏◆❏❧ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟

❋✏s ❜✏t☞ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✍✎✌ ❚▼■ ✌✍t✍✜ t☞❤ ✤✩✖✶ ✫♠ × ✻✔✖✾ ✫♠ ×

✒✖❫ ✫♠ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✌✏♠✍✛✎ ✇✍✗ ✌✛✗❝s❤t✛❇❤✌ t✏ ♠✏s❤ t☞✍✎

✔✒✶♠✛✚✚✛✏✎ ✒✺♠ ❝✣❜✛❝ ❝❤✚✚✗✖ ❚☞❤ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✌✏♠✍✛✎ ❝✏✎✘✏s♠❤✌

t✏ t✏❞✏✙s✍❞☞✢ ✍✎✌ ❝✏✎t✍✛✎❤✌ ✎✏ ✍ ❞s✛✏s✛ ✌❤✎✗✛t✢ ✏s ✗✣✗❝❤❞t✛✧

❜✛✚✛t✢ ♠✏✌❤✚✗✖ ■✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✇✍✗ s✣✎ ✘✏s ✔✒✩ ✩✤✤ ❆❅❅ ✗t✍t✛✏✎✗✜

❤✍❝☞ ❝✏✎t✍✛✎✛✎✙ ✍✚✚ ✗❤✑❤✎ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t✗ ✭✂③③✜ ✂①①✜ ✂①❳✜ ✂①③✜

✂❳❳✜ ✂❳③✜ ✂❨✕✜ ✙✛✑✛✎✙ ✍ t✏t✍✚ ✏✘ ✶✾❫✔✤✔ ✌✍t✍✖ ❚☞✏✣✙☞ ✗✏♠❤ ✏✘

t☞❤ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t✗ ✍s❤ s❤✌✣✎✌✍✎t✜ ✇❤ ✘✏✣✎✌ t☞✍t t☞❤✛s ♥✏✛✎t

✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ❤✘✘❤❝t✛✑❤✚✢ ✗✣❞❞s❤✗✗❤✗ ✎✏✛✗❤ ✍❝s✏✗✗ ✍✚✚ ❝☞✍✎✎❤✚✗✖ ■✎✧

✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✇✍✗ ✍✚✗✏ s✣✎ ✘✏s ✺✾✻ ✓✾✒ ❚▼■ ✗t✍t✛✏✎✗✖ ❃✣s ❞s❤✑✛✏✣✗

❤❡❞❤s✛❤✎❝❤ ✇✛t☞ ♠✏✑✛✎✙ ✘✏✏t❞s✛✎t ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✭❤✖✙✖✜ ❈✏❡ ❤t ✍✚✖

✒✓✔✓✕ ✛✎✌✛❝✍t❤✌ t☞✍t ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ✏✘ s❤✌✣✎✌✍✎t ✌✍t✍ ✌✏❤✗ ✎✏t ✍✛✌

♠✏✌❤✚ s❤❝✏✑❤s✢✖

❋s✏♠ ✍✎ ✛✎✛t✛✍✚ ✇❤✛✙☞t❤✌ ♠✛✗✘✛t ✏✘ ✔✓✓✬ ✘✏s ✍✚✚ ❋❆❂❈❃❄

✌✍t✍✜ t☞❤ ✤✥ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ❝✏✎✑❤s✙❤✌ t✏ ✍ ✘✛✎✍✚ ✇❤✛✙☞t❤✌ ♠✛✗✘✛t

✏✘ ✔✾✬ ✍✘t❤s ✺✓ ✛t❤s✍t✛✏✎✗✖ ❈✏♠❞✍s✛✗✏✎✗ ✏✘ t☞❤ ✏❜✗❤s✑❤✌ ✍✎✌

❞s❤✌✛❝t❤✌ ✌✍t✍ ✘✏s ✍✚✚ ✙s✍✑✛t✢ ✙s✍✌✛❤✎t ❝✏♠❞✏✎❤✎t✗ ✍s❤ ✗☞✏✇✎

✛✎ ❋✛✙✖ ❫✜ ✍✎✌ ✍✗ ✏✎❤ ❝✍✎ ✗❤❤✜ t☞❤ ✘✛t ❜❤t✇❤❤✎ ✏❜✗❤s✑❤✌ ✍✎✌

❞s❤✌✛❝t❤✌ ✌✍t✍ ✛✗ ❤❡❝❤✚✚❤✎t✖ ❚☞❤ ✤✥ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ s❤✧

❛✣✛s❤✌ ✍❞❞s✏❡✛♠✍t❤✚✢ ✒✾ ☞✏✣s✗ t✏ ❝✏♠❞✚❤t❤✜ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✏✎ ✔✒

✎✏✌❤✗✜ ❤✍❝☞ ❤❛✣✛❞❞❤✌ ✇✛t☞ t✇✏ ✌✣✍✚✧❝✏s❤ ✭✛✖❤✖✜ ✶✕ ■✎t❤✚ q❤✏✎

❈P✪✗ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✍t ✒✖❫ ❅❵❇ ✇✛t☞ ✒❫ ❅❴ ✏✘ ❘❆▼ ✍✎✌ ✍ r✥❘

■✎✘✛✎✛❴✍✎✌ ✛✎t❤s❝✏✎✎❤❝t✖

❙✛♠✛✚✍s✚✢✜ ✘s✏♠ ✍✎ ✛✎✛t✛✍✚ ✇❤✛✙☞t❤✌ ♠✛✗✘✛t ✏✘ ✔✓✓✬ ✘✏s t☞❤

❚▼■ ✌✍t✍✜ t☞❤ ✤✥ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ ❝✏✎✑❤s✙❤✌ t✏ ✍ ✘✛✎✍✚ ♠✛✗✘✛t ✏✘ ✔✓✬

✍✘t❤s ✾✓ ✛t❤s✍t✛✏✎✗✖ ❈✏♠❞✍s✛✗✏✎✗ ✏✘ t☞❤ ✏❜✗❤s✑❤✌ ✍✎✌ ❞s❤✌✛❝t❤✌

❚▼■ ✌✍t✍ ✍s❤ ✗☞✏✇✎ ✛✎ ❋✛✙✖ ✺✖ ❚☞❤ ✤✥ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎

s❤❛✣✛s❤✌ ✍❞❞s✏❡✛♠✍t❤✚✢ ✤✾ ☞✏✣s✗ t✏ ❝✏♠❞✚❤t❤✜ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✏✎ ✔✒

✎✏✌❤✗✜ ❤✍❝☞ ❤❛✣✛❞❞❤✌ ✇✛t☞ t✇✏ ✌✣✍✚✧❝✏s❤ ✭✛✖❤✖✜ ✶✕ ■✎t❤✚ q❤✏✎

❈P✪✗ s✣✎✎✛✎✙ ✍t ✒✖❫ ❅❵❇ ✇✛t☞ ✒❫ ❅❴ ✏✘ ❘❆▼ ✍✎✌ ✍ r✥❘

■✎✘✛✎✛❴✍✎✌ ✛✎t❤s❝✏✎✎❤❝t✖

■✎ ❋✛✙✖ ✻✜ ✇❤ ❝✏♠❞✍s❤ ☞✏s✛❇✏✎t✍✚ ❝s✏✗✗✧✗❤❝t✛✏✎✗ ✏✘ ✏✣s

✤✥ ❋❆❂❈❃❄ ✍✎✌ ❚▼■ ✛✎✑❤s✗✛✏✎ s❤✗✣✚t✗ ✇✛t☞ t☞❤ ❞✣❜✚✛✗☞❤✌

✈④ ⑤⑥⑦⑤ ⑧⑨⑩❶❷❸❹❺ ❻❼❼❶❽❿❹➀❿❶❺ ❶➁ ➂❸❶❼❽❿❸❺➀❿❼➀❼ ➃ ⑧❺➄❿❺❸❸⑩❼➅ ➆➇➈➉➊➋➌➍➎➏➐ ➑➒➈➌➉➇➎➓➍➔→➅ ⑦Ð⑦➣

Page 10: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✶� ▼✁ ❈✂✄☎✆ ●✁✝✁ ❲✞✟✠✡☛ ☎☛❛ ▼✁✳✁ ❩☞❛☎☛✡✌

❋✍✎✏✑✒ ✹ ❖✓✔✕✖✗✕✘ ✭✙✕✚✛✜ ✢✣✘ ♣✖✕✘✤✥✛✕✘

✭✖✤✦✧✛✜ ★✩✪✫❖✬ ✘✢✛✢ ✚✖❢✮ ❚✤✮✮✤✣✔✯

✰✱ ✷✲✴✷ ❊✵✖❢♣✕✢✣ ✩✔✔❢✥✤✢✛✤❢✣ ❢✚ ✸✕❢✔✥✤✕✣✛✤✔✛✔ ✺ ❊✣✦✤✣✕✕✖✔✻ ✼✽✾✿❀❁❂❃❄❅❆ P❇✾❂✿✽❄❉❃❍■✻ ✴Ð✴❏

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Page 11: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✶✶

❋☞✌✍✎✏ ✺ ❖✑✒✓✔✕✓✖ ✭✗✓✘✙✚ ❛✛✖ ✜✔✓✖r✢✙✓✖ ✭✔r✣✤✙✚ ❛✛♥✥❛✗♥✦✒ ❚✧★ ✖❛✙❛ ✘♥✔ ❚r✥✥r✛✒✩

❋☞✌✍✎✏ ✻ ❈♥✥✜❛✔r✒♥✛ ♥✘ ✭❛✚ ✣✓♥✗♥✣❣ ♥✘ ✙✤✓ ❚r✥✥r✛✒ ✒✦✔✕✓❣ ❛✔✓❛✪ ✭✑✚ ❛ ✤♥✔r❤♥✛✙❛✗ ✢✔♥✒✒❝✒✓✢✙r♥✛ ✙✤✔♥✦✣✤ ✙✤✓ ✫✬ ✖✓✛✒r✙❣ ✥♥✖✓✗ ♥✑✙❛r✛✓✖ ✘✔♥✥

❥♥r✛✙ r✛✕✓✔✒r♥✛ ♥✘ ❛✗✗ ✮❆✯❈❖✰ ✣✔❛✕r✙❣ ✣✔❛✖r♥✥✓✙✔❣ ✖❛✙❛ ❛✙ ❝✱✲✱✫ ✥ ❆❙✯✳ r✩✓✩✳ ✴✱✵✷✷ ✥ ✖✓✜✙✤ ✘✔♥✥ ✙✤✓ ✙♥✜♥✣✔❛✜✤r✢ ✜✓❛❡✪ ✭✢✚ ✒✙✔✦✢✙✦✔❛✗

r✛✙✓✔✜✔✓✙❛✙r♥✛ ✭✢♥✦✔✙✓✒❣ ♥✘ ✮✦✣✔♥ ❆r✔✑♥✔✛✓ ❙✦✔✕✓❣✒✚ ✒✦✜✓✔r✥✜♥✒✓✖ ♥✛ ✙✤✓ ✒❛✥✓ ✤♥✔r❤♥✛✙❛✗ ✢✔♥✒✒❝✒✓✢✙r♥✛ ✙✤✔♥✦✣✤ ✙✤✓ ✫✬ ✖✓✛✒r✙❣ ✥♥✖✓✗✪ ✭✖✚ ❛

✤♥✔r❤♥✛✙❛✗ ✢✔♥✒✒❝✒✓✢✙r♥✛ ✙✤✔♥✦✣✤ ✙✤✓ ✫✬ ✒✦✒✢✓✜✙r✑r✗r✙❣ ✥♥✖✓✗ ♥✑✙❛r✛✓✖ ✘✔♥✥ r✛✕✓✔✒r♥✛ ♥✘ ❚✧★ ✖❛✙❛ ❛✙ ❝✹✫ ✥ ❆❙✯✳ r✩✓✩✳ ✴✫✷✷ ✥ ✖✓✜✙✤ ✘✔♥✥ ✙✤✓

✙♥✜♥✣✔❛✜✤r✢ ✜✓❛❡✪ ❛✛✖ ✭✓✚ ✒✙✔✦✢✙✦✔❛✗ r✛✙✓✔✜✔✓✙❛✙r♥✛ ✭✢♥✦✔✙✓✒❣ ♥✘ ✮✦✣✔♥ ❆r✔✑♥✔✛✓ ❙✦✔✕✓❣✒✚ ✒✦✜✓✔r✥✜♥✒✓✖ ♥✛ ✙✤✓ ✒❛✥✓ ✤♥✔r❤♥✛✙❛✗ ✢✔♥✒✒❝✒✓✢✙r♥✛

✙✤✔♥✦✣✤ ✙✤✓ ✫✬ ✒✦✒✢✓✜✙r✑r✗r✙❣ ✥♥✖✓✗✩

✼✽ ✲✷✱✲ ❊✦✔♥✜✓❛✛ ❆✒✒♥✢r❛✙r♥✛ ♥✘ ●✓♥✒✢r✓✛✙r✒✙✒ ✾ ❊✛✣r✛✓✓✔✒✳ ✿❀❁❂❃❄❅❇❍■❏ P❑❁❅❂❀❍▼❇◆◗✳ ✱Ð✱❘

Page 12: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

✶� ▼✁ ❈✂✄☎✆ ●✁✳✁ ❲✐✝✞✟✠ ☎✠❛ ▼✁✡✁ ❩❤❛☎✠✟☛

✶☞�✌✍ ✍✍✍ ❣✎✏✑✏❣✒✓✔✑ ♠✔✕ ❢✏♦ t✖✎ ❚✒♠♠✒✗✘ ❞✒✘t♦✒✓t ✔✗❞ ✇✒t✖

✘t♦s✓ts♦✔✑ ✒✗t✎♦✕♦✎t✔t✒✏✗✘ ♠✔❞✎ ❜✙ ❋s❣♦✏ ❆✒♦❜✏♦✗✎ ❙s♦✚✎✙✘✛

✜✎ ✓✔✗ ✏❜✘✎♦✚✎ ✚✎♦✙ ❣✏✏❞ ✔❣♦✎✎♠✎✗t ❜✎t✇✎✎✗ ✏s♦ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗

♦✎✘s✑t✘ ✔✗❞ t✖✎ ✒✗❢✎♦♦✎❞ ❣✎✏✑✏❣✙✛ ■✗ ❋✒❣✛ ✼✢ ✇✎ ✕♦✎✘✎✗t ✸❉

✕✎♦✘✕✎✓t✒✚✎✘ ✏❢ t✖✎ ❞✎✗✘✒t✙ ✔✗❞ ✘s✘✓✎✕t✒❜✒✑✒t✙ ♠✏❞✎✑✘✛ ✜✎ ✗✏t✎

t✖✔t ✇✖✒✑✎ t✖✎ ❞✒✔❜✔✘✎ ❞✒✣✎✘ ✔♦✎ ✎❡✕✎✓t✎❞ t✏ ✓✏✗t✒✗s✎ t✏ ❞✎✕t✖✢

t✖✎✒♦ ✑✏✇ ✔♠✕✑✒ts❞✎✘ ✭✓✒♦✓✔ �✌✍ ✗❚♥ ✔♦✎ ✘✎✗✘✒t✒✚✎ t✏ ✏✗✑✙ ✘✎✚✤

✎♦✔✑ ✖s✗❞♦✎❞ ♠✎t♦✎✘ ❞✎✕t✖✛ ❚✇✏ ♠✔✥✏♦ ✒✗t♦s✘✒✚✎ s✗✒t✘ ✇✒t✖

✖✒❣✖ ✔♠✕✑✒ts❞✎✘ ✭✓✒♦✓✔ �✍✍✍ ✗❚♥ ✔♦✎ ✘✖✏✇✗ t✏ ✎❡t✎✗❞ t✏ ❞✎✕t✖✛

✜✎ ✗✏t✎ t✖✔t t✖✎ ❋❆✦✧★✩ ✔✗❞ ❚✪■ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗✘ ✔♦✎ ♦✎✓✏✚✎♦✤

✒✗❣ ❞✒❢❢✎♦✎✗t ❣✎✏✑✏❣✒✓✔✑ ✘t♦s✓ts♦✎✘ ✔✗❞ t✖✒✘ ✒✘ t✏ ❜✎ ✎❡✕✎✓t✎❞✛

❚✖✎ ❚✪■ ❞✔t✔ ✔♦✎ ❞✏♠✒✗✔t✎❞ ❜✙ ♠✔✥✏♦ ✒✗✘t♦s✘✒✚✎✘ ✔✗❞ ✩✤

❙ t♦✎✗❞✒✗❣ ❞✒✔❜✔✘✎ ❞✒✣✎✘✛ ❚✖✎ ❋❆✦✧★✩ ❞✔t✔ ✔♦✎ ❞✏♠✒✗✔t✎❞

❜✙ ♦✎❣✒✏✗✔✑ t✎✓t✏✗✒✓✘ ✘s✓✖ ✔✘ ✖✒❣✖ ❞✎✗✘✒t✙ ♠✔❢✒✓ ✒✗✘t♦s✘✒✚✎✘

✔✗❞ ♠✎t✔✚✏✑✔✗✒✓✘ ✔✗❞ ✑✏✇ ❞✎✗✘✒t✙ ❢✎✑✘✒✓ ♠✎t✔✚✏✑✓✔✗✒✓✘✛ ❚✏✤

❣✎t✖✎♦✢ t✖✎✒♦ ✒✗t✎♦✕♦✎t✔t✒✏✗✘ ✔♦✎ ✓✏♠✕✑✒♠✎✗t✔♦✙ ✏❢ t✖✎ ✔✓ts✔✑

❣✎✏✑✏❣✙✛

✜✖✒✑✎ t✖✎ ✏✕t✒♠✔✑ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t ✘✒✫✎ ✓✔✗ ❜✎ ✎✘t✒♠✔t✎❞ ✔✗✔✑✙t✒✤

✓✔✑✑✙ ❢✏♦ ✔✗✙ ❞✎✘✒♦✎❞ ✑✎✚✎✑ ✏❢ ✔✓✓s♦✔✓✙ ✭✎✛❣✛✢ ✘✙✘t✎♠ ✗✏✒✘✎♥✢ ✇✎

✕♦✔✓t✒✓✔✑✑✙ ❞✎♠✏✗✘t♦✔t✎ t✖✎ ✎❢❢✎✓t✒✚✎✗✎✘✘ ✏❢ s✘✒✗❣ ✔ ♠✏✚✒✗❣

❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t ✇✒t✖ t✖✎ ❢✏✑✑✏✇✒✗❣ t✔❜✑✎ ✘s♠♠✔♦✒✫✒✗❣ ✸❉ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗

✕✎♦❢✏♦♠✔✗✓✎ ❢✏♦ ❚✪■✛ ✜✎ ✗✏t✎ t✖✔t ✔✑✑ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗✘ ♦✔✗ t✏ ✔

✓✏♠♠✏✗ ♠✒✘❢✒t✛ ❚✖✎ ♠✔❡✒♠s♠ ✘s✘✓✎✕t✒❜✒✑✒t✙ ❞✒❢❢✎♦✎✗✓✎ ✒✘ ♦✎✑✤

✔t✒✚✎ t✏ t✖✎ ✸❉ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗ ✇✒t✖ ✗✏ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t✛ ❯✘✎ ✏❢ ✔ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t

t✖✔t ✒✘ t✏✏ ✘♠✔✑✑ ✒✗t♦✏❞s✓✎✘ ✎♦♦✏♦✘ ✒✗ t✖✎ ♠✏❞✎✑ ✇✖✒✑✎ ✘t✒✑✑ ✘✔t✤

✒✘❢✙✒✗❣ t✖✎ ❞✔t✔✛ ✜✎ ✓✏✗✓✑s❞✎ t✖✔t ❢✏♦ ✸❉ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗ ✇✒t✖ ✔

✶✌ ✣♠ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t✢ t✖✎♦✎ ✒✘ ✗✎❣✑✒❣✒❜✑✎ ❞✒❢❢✎♦✎✗✓✎ ✒✗ t✖✎ ♦✎✓✏✚✎♦✎❞

✸❉ ♠✏❞✎✑✛

✬✮✮✯✰✱✲✴✯ ✵✲✷✹ ✺✻✽✾ ✿❀❁✲✽❂✽ ✵❂✵✉✹✰✯✲❃✲❄✲✯❅ ❇✲❊❊✹✱✹✴✉✹ ✺❍✾

❏ ❑▲

◆▲ ❖

◆❏ ▲P◗

❖▲ ▲P◆❘

❱ ❳❨❬ ❳❭ ❪❫❴ ❨❬ ❫

✜✎ ❞✎✚✎✑✏✕✎❞ ✔ ♠✎t✖✏❞✏✑✏❣✙ ❢✏♦ ✕♦✔✓t✒✓✔✑ ✙✎t t♦s✑✙ ✑✔♦❣✎✤

✘✓✔✑✎ ✸❉ ♦✎❣s✑✔♦✒✫✎❞ ✒✗✚✎♦✘✒✏✗ ✏❢ ❣♦✔✚✒t✙ ✔✗❞ ♠✔❣✗✎t✒✓ ❞✔t✔✢

✇✖✎t✖✎♦ t✖✎✘✎ ❞✔t✔ ❜✎ ✔✗✙ ✓✏♠❜✒✗✔t✒✏✗ ✏❢ t✏t✔✑ ❢✒✎✑❞✢ ✚✎✓t✏♦✢ ✏♦

❣♦✔❞✒✎✗t ✓✏♠✕✏✗✎✗t✘✛ ✜✎ ✒♠✕✑✎♠✎✗t✎❞ ✔ ✚✔♦✒✎t✙ ✏❢ ♦✎❣s✑✔♦✒✫✔✤

t✒✏✗ ✏✕t✒✏✗✘✢ ✒✗✓✑s❞✒✗❣ ❜✏t✖ ✘♠✏✏t✖ ✔✗❞ ❢✏✓s✘✒✗❣ ✘t✔❜✒✑✒✫✎♦✘✛

✜✎ ✒✗t♦✏❞s✓✎❞ ✔ ♠✏✚✒✗❣ ❢✏✏t✕♦✒✗t ✔✕✕♦✏✔✓✖✢ ✇✖✒✓✖ ✔✑✑✏✇✘

s✘ t✏ ♦✎❞s✓✎ ♠✎♠✏♦✙ ♦✎❵s✒♦✎♠✎✗t✘ ✘✒❣✗✒❢✒✓✔✗t✑✙✢ ✔✘ ✇✎✑✑ ✔✘

✏✕✎♦✔t✒✏✗ ✓✏s✗t✘ ❢✏♦ ♠✔t♦✒❡✤✚✎✓t✏♦ ♠s✑t✒✕✑✒✓✔t✒✏✗✘✛ ★s♦ ✕✔♦✤

✔✑✑✎✑✒✫✔t✒✏✗ ✇✔✘ ✒♠✕✑✎♠✎✗t✎❞ ✒✗ ✘s✓✖ ✔ ♠✔✗✗✎♦ t✖✔t ✇✎ ✖✔✚✎

❝❥❦❧♣q r ❑✈ ✰✹✱✵✰✹✉✯✲①✹ ①✲✹② ✮❊ ✯③✹ ④✲✽✽✲✴✵ ✺❀✾ ❇✹✴✵✲✯❅ ✽✮❇✹❄ ✮❃⑤

✯❀✲✴✹❇ ❊✱✮✽ ❑✈ ✲✴①✹✱✵✲✮✴ ✮❊ ✯③✹ ✬⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩ ❶✱❀①✲✯❅ ❶✱❀❇✲✮✽✹✯✱❅ ❇❀✯❀

❀✴❇ ✺❃✾ ✵❂✵✉✹✰✯✲❃✲❄✲✯❅ ✽✮❇✹❄ ✮❃✯❀✲✴✹❇ ❊✱✮✽ ❑✈ ✲✴①✹✱✵✲✮✴ ✮❊ ✯③✹ ④✿❷

❇❀✯❀P

❸❹ ❖▲◆❖ ❺❂✱✮✰✹❀✴ ⑥✵✵✮✉✲❀✯✲✮✴ ✮❊ ❻✹✮✵✉✲✹✴✯✲✵✯✵ ❼ ❺✴❶✲✴✹✹✱✵❽ ❾❿➀➁➂➃➄➅➆➇➈ ➉➊➀➄➁❿➆➋➅➌➍❽ ◆Ð◆❘

Page 13: Geophysical Prospecting EAGE

▲�✁✂✄☎✆✝�✞✄ ✸❉ ✐✟✠✄✁✆✐✡✟ ✡♦ ♣✡☛✄✟☛✐�✞ ♦✐✄✞❢ ❢�☛� ✶☞

♥✌✍✎✏✑✒♥✌✍✎ s❝✍✑✒♥✓✔ ❚✕✒s ♠✌✍♥s ✇✌ ❝✍♥ ❝✖♥✗✒✘✌♥✙✑✚ ✒♠✛✑✌♠✌♥✙

✖✜✎ s✖✗✙✇✍✎✌ ✖♥ ♠✍ss✒❛✌✑✚ ✛✍✎✍✑✑✌✑ ✍✎❝✕✒✙✌❝✙✜✎✌s ✍♥✘ ✍✎✌ ✌✗✗✌❝✏

✙✒❛✌✑✚ ✜♥✑✒♠✒✙✌✘ ✒♥ ✙✕✌ s✒✢✌ ✖✗ ✒♥❛✌✎s✒✖♥ ✛✎✖✣✑✌♠ ✇✌ ❝✍♥ ❝✖♥✏

s✒✘✌✎✔ ❚✕✒s ✕✍s s✒✓♥✒✗✒❝✍♥✙ ✒♠✛✑✒❝✍✙✒✖♥s ✗✖✎ ✍✒✎✣✖✎♥✌ s✜✎❛✌✚s✤

✍s ✇✌ ✍✎✌ ♥✖✇ ✍✣✑✌ ✙✖ ✒♥❛✌✎✙ ✑✍✎✓✌ s✜✎❛✌✚s ✙✖ ✘✌✛✖s✒✙✏s❝✍✑✌

♠✖✘✌✑ ✘✒s❝✎✌✙✒✢✍✙✒✖♥✔ ❲✌ ✘✌♠✖♥s✙✎✍✙✌✘ ✙✕✒s ✇✒✙✕ ✍♥ ✌❡✍♠✛✑✌

✗✖✎ ✣✖✙✕ ❋✥✦✧★✩ ✍♥✘ ❚✪✫ ✗✎✖♠ ✙✕✌ ❚✒♠♠✒♥s ✘✒s✙✎✒❝✙ ✒♥

★♥✙✍✎✒✖✤ ✧✍♥✍✘✍✔

✫♥ ✙✌✎♠s ✖✗ ✗✜✎✙✕✌✎ ✘✌❛✌✑✖✛♠✌♥✙s✤ ✇✌ ✒♠✛✑✌♠✌♥✙✌✘ ☞✬♠✍✓✏

♥✌✙✒❝ ✒♥❛✌✎s✒✖♥ ✗✖✎ ✎✌♠✍♥✌♥✙ ♠✍✓♥✌✙✒✢✍✙✒✖♥ ✍♥✘ ✍✛✛✑✒✌✘ ✙✕✒s

✙✖ ✗✜✑✑ ✙✌♥s✖✎ ♠✍✓♥✌✙✒❝ ✓✎✍✘✒✖♠✌✙✎✚ ✭❋❚✪✮✯ ✘✍✙✍✔ ❚✕✌ ✙✕✌✖✎✚

✍♥✘ ✎✌✑✍✙✌✘ ❝✍s✌ s✙✜✘✚ ✇✒✑✑ ✣✌ ✙✕✌ s✜✣✉✌❝✙ ✖✗ ✍ s✌✛✍✎✍✙✌ ✛✜✣✑✒✏

❝✍✙✒✖♥✔ ❲✌ ✕✍❛✌ ✛✎✌s✌♥✙✑✚ ✖✛✙✒♠✒✢✌✘ ✖✜✎ s✖✗✙✇✍✎✌ ✙✖ ✙✕✌ ✛✖✒♥✙

✙✕✍✙ ♥✌✍✎✑✚ ✍✑✑ ✎✜♥✙✒♠✌ ✒s ✘✌✘✒❝✍✙✌✘ ✙✖ ❦✌✎♥✌✑ ❝✖♠✛✜✙✍✙✒✖♥s✔

✥s ✙✕✌s✌ ✍✎✌ s✒♠✛✑✌ ✓✌✖♠✌✙✎✒❝ ✗✜♥❝✙✒✖♥s✤ ✙✕✌✚ ✑✌♥✘ ✙✕✌♠s✌✑❛✌s

✙✖ ♠✍ss✒❛✌ ✛✍✎✍✑✑✌✑✒✢✍✙✒✖♥ ❛✒✍ ✮●✰s✤ ✍♥✘ ✙✕✒s ✒s ✍ s✜✣✉✌❝✙ ✖✗

✖♥✏✓✖✒♥✓ ✘✌❛✌✑✖✛♠✌♥✙✔

✻ ❆✱✲✳✴✵✷✹✺✼✹✽✹✳✾✿

❚✕✌ ✍✜✙✕✖✎s ✍❝❦♥✖✇✑✌✘✓✌ ❚✌❝✕♥✖✫♠✍✓✒♥✓ ✗✖✎ s✜✛✛✖✎✙ ✖✗ ✙✕✒s

✎✌s✌✍✎❝✕ ✍♥✘ ✛✌✎♠✒ss✒✖♥ ✙✖ ✛✜✣✑✒s✕✔

ÿ✧✜♠✍ ✍♥✘ ❩✕✘✍♥✖❛ ✍❝❦♥✖✇✑✌✘✓✌ s✜✛✛✖✎✙ ✖✗ ✙✕✌ ✰♥✒❛✌✎s✒✙✚

✖✗ ✰✙✍✕❯s ✧✖♥s✖✎✙✒✜♠ ✗✖✎ ❊✑✌❝✙✎✖♠✍✓♥✌✙✒❝ ✪✖✘✌✑✒♥✓ ✍♥✘ ✫♥✏

❛✌✎s✒✖♥ ✭✧❊✪✫✯ ✍♥✘ ✧✌♥✙✌✎ ✗✖✎❍✒✓✕ ●✌✎✗✖✎♠✍♥❝✌ ✧✖♠✛✜✙✒♥✓

✭✧❍●✧✯✔

❚✕✌ ✍✜✙✕✖✎s ✙✕✍♥❦ ✧❈✫�★ ✪✍✙✌✎✒✍✑s ❈❝✒✌♥❝✌ ✍♥✘ ❊♥✓✒♥✌✌✎✏

✒♥✓✤ ✒♥ ✛✍✎✙✒❝✜✑✍✎ ✬✎s✔ ●✕✒✑ ❈❝✕♠✒✘✙✤ ❑✌✒✙✕ ✦✌s✑✒✌✤ ✬✍❛✒✘ ✧✑✍✎❦

✍♥✘ ✧✍✙✕✚ ❋✖✑✌✚✤ ✗✖✎ ✛✎✖❛✒✘✒♥✓ ✙✕✌ ❚✍✑✑✍✇✍♥✓ ✮❊✪❚✥✮ ✘✍✙✍

✍♥✘ ✎✌✑✍✙✌✘ ♠✍✙✌✎✒✍✑✔ ❍✖♥✓✢✕✜ ✧✍✒ ✖✗ ✧❊✪✫ ✒s ✙✕✍♥❦✌✘ ✗✖✎

✛✎✖✘✜❝✒♥✓ ✙✕✌ ☞✬ ✮❊❚✪✥✮ ✒♥❛✌✎s✒✖♥✔

❋✜✓✎✖ ✥✒✎✣✖✎♥✌ ❈✜✎❛✌✚s✤ ✒♥ ✛✍✎✙✒❝✜✑✍✎ ✬✎✔ ✪✍✎❝ ✥✔ ❱✍✑✑ ➠✌✌✤

✍✎✌ ✍❝❦♥✖✇✑✌✘✓✌✘ ✗✖✎ ✎✌✑✌✍s✌ ✖✗ ✙✕✌ ❚✒♠♠✒♥s ❋✥✦✧★✩ ✘✍✙✍

✍♥✘ ✎✌✑✍✙✌✘ ♠✍✙✌✎✒✍✑ ✍♥✘ ✛✌✎♠✒ss✒✖♥ ✙✖ ✛✜✣✑✒s✕✔

❘✹✁✹❘✹✳✱✹✿

❇✂✄☎✄ ▼✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ ❆✞✟✠✡☛✄☞ s✄✌✞✟✠s ♦❢ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✌r✟❣✄✂✞☛ ☛✂✞s♦r ✟✞❣ ☛t✂✄r

✟❛❛✠✄☞✟☛✄♦✞ ☛♦ ✂s☛✄❡✟☛✂ s♦✎r☞✂ ✠♦☞✟☛✄♦✞✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✼✘✱ ■✺✙✚■✛✜✱

❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✢✜✙✢✣✢✙✳

❇✂✄☎✄ ▼✳ ✟✞❣ P✂❣✂rs✂✞ ▲✳❇✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ ✤✄✌✂✞✍✂☞☛♦r ✟✞✟✠✡s✄s ♦❢ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡

✌r✟❣✄✂✞☛ ☛✂✞s♦r ☛♦ ✠♦☞✟☛✂ ✌✂♦✠♦✌✄☞ ❜♦❣✄✂s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✼✘✱ ■✢✛✚■✜✙✱

❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✢✜✥✜✆✙✥✳

❇t✟☛☛✟☞t✟r✡✡✟ ❇✳✦✳ ✝✙✥✆✳ ❆ ✌✂✞✂r✟✠✄✧✂❣ ❡✎✠☛✄❜♦❣✡ ❡♦❣✂✠ ❢♦r ✄✞✐

✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ✟✞♦❡✟✠✄✂s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ★✩✱ ✺✝✛✚✺✢✝✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✝✆✥✝✳

✪♦✫ ▲✳✬✳✱ ❲✄✠s♦✞ ✭✳❆✳ ✟✞❣ ✮t❣✟✞♦✍▼✳✯✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ ✢✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✟✄r✐

❜♦r✞✂ ✂✠✂☞☛r♦❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟ ✎s✄✞✌ ✟ ❡♦✍✄✞✌ ❢♦♦☛❛r✄✞☛✳ ✰✲✒✴✑✵✹✻✖✑✽

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✾✿✱ ✷✺✆✚✷✺✙✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✛✝✶✤✭✝✆✆✆✢✳

✸✟✍✄s ✦✳ ✟✞❣ ▲✄ ❨✳ ✷✆✝✝✳ ❋✟s☛ s♦✠✎☛✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✌✂♦❛t✡s✄☞✟✠ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ✎s✐

✄✞✌ ✟❣✟❛☛✄✍✂ ❡✂st✱ s❛✟☞✂✐❢✄✠✠✄✞✌ ☞✎r✍✂s ✟✞❣ ✇✟✍✂✠✂☛ ☞♦❡❛r✂ss✄♦✞✳

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✹✴ ❏✑❀✵✽✹✴ ❁✽✻✏✵✽✹✻✖✑✽✹✴ ✿❂✘✱ ✝✺✛✚✝✣✣✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✝✝✶

❥✳✝✢✣✺✐✷✜✣❃✳✷✆✝✝✳✆✜✙✷✙✳✫✳

✸r✟✞s❢✄✂✠❣ ▼✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ P♦☛✂✞☛✄✟✠ ❢✄✂✠❣ s✂✟r☞t✠✄✌t☛s✳ Pr✂s✂✞☛✂❣ ✟☛ ☛t✂

✛✷♥❄ ✰❅●✰ ❉✑✽◆✏✵✏✽✗✏ ✹✽❖ ✰✲✓✖①✖✻✖✑✽✱ ❇✟r☞✂✠♦✞✟✳

✸r✟✞s❢✄✂✠❣ ▼✳ ✟✞❣ ✮✂✞✌ ❨✳ ✷✆✆✙✳ ❆✄r❜♦r✞✂ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✌r✟❣✄♦❡✂☛r✡❞ ❚✂r✐

r✟✄✞ ☞♦rr✂☞☛✄♦✞s ✟✞❣ ✂✠✂✍✟☛✄♦✞ ✂rr♦r✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✼✾✱ ■✢✛✚■✜✷✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✢✝✛✆✣✥✥✳

❋✂❣✄ ▼✳ ✷✆✆✛✳ ✸✤❃P❞ ❆ ❢✟s☛ ❡✂☛t♦❣ ☛♦ ❣✂☛✂r❡✄✞✂ ☛t✂ ❣✂❛☛t ☛♦

☛t✂ s♦✎r☞✂s ♦❢ ❛♦☛✂✞☛✄✟✠ ❢✄✂✠❣s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✼★✱ ▲✝✚▲✝✝✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✷✢✙✙✜✺✷✝✺✳

✬♦r✞❜✡ P✳✱ ❇♦s☞t✂☛☛✄ ❋✳ ✟✞❣✬♦r♦✇✄☛✧ ❋✳✭✳ ✷✆✆✷✳ ❆✞✟✠✡s✄s ♦❢ ❛♦☛✂✞☛✄✟✠

❢✄✂✠❣ ❣✟☛✟ ✄✞ ☛t✂✇✟✍✂✠✂☛ ❣♦❡✟✄✞✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✹✴ ❏✑❀✵✽✹✴ ❁✽✻✏✵✽✹✻✖✑✽✹✴

✿◗✼✱ ✝✛✺✚✝✙✣✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✜✣✶❥✳✝✢✣✺✐✷✜✣✫✳✝✙✙✙✳✆✆✛✥✥✳✫✳

▲✂✂ ❙✳❇✳ ✷✆✆✝✳ ❋❆▲✪❳❬✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✌r✟❣✄♦❡✂☛✂r ☛✂☞t✞♦✠♦✌✡✳ ✰✲✒✴✑✵✹✻✖✑✽

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ◗★✱ ✷✜✛✚✷✺✆✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✛✝✶✤✭✆✝✷✜✛✳

▲✄ ❨✳ ✷✆✆✝✳ ✢✐✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✌r✟❣✄♦❡✂☛r✡ ❣✟☛✟✳ ✛✝❭❪

❅✽✽❀✹✴ ❫✏✏✻✖✽❴❵ ❝✰●❵ ✰✲✒✹✽❖✏❖ ❅①✕✻✵✹✗✻✕✱ ✝✜✛✆✚✝✜✛✢✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✥✝✣✢✥✢✳

▲✄ ❃✳ ✟✞❣ ✪t♦✎☛✂✟✎ ▼✳ ✝✙✙✥✳ ❚tr✂✂✐❣✄❡✂✞s✄♦✞✟✠ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ❡♦❣✂✠✄✞✌

✄✞ ✟✠✠ s❛✟☞✂✳ ❝❀✵❤✏✔✕ ✖✽ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ✿✩✱ ✢✢✙✚✢✣✥✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✷✢✶

❆❞✝✆✆✣✺✺✜✜✆✥✺✣✛✳

▲✄ ❨✳ ✟✞❣ ❳✠❣✂✞❜✎r✌ ✸✳❲✳ ✝✙✙✣✳ ✢✐✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟✳

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦✿✱ ✢✙✜✚✜✆✥✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✢✙✣✥✳

▲✄ ❨✳ ✟✞❣ ❳✠❣✂✞❜✎r✌ ✸✳❲✳ ✝✙✙✥✳ ✢✐✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ❣✟☛✟✳ ●✏✑❧

✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦◗✱ ✝✆✙✚✝✝✙✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✜✢✆✷✳

▲✄ ❨✳ ✟✞❣ ❳✠❣✂✞❜✎r✌ ✸✳❲✳ ✷✆✆✢✳ ❋✟s☛ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✠✟r✌✂✐s☞✟✠✂ ❡✟✌✐

✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟ ✎s✄✞✌ ✇✟✍✂✠✂☛ ☛r✟✞s❢♦r❡s ✟✞❣ ✟ ✠♦✌✟r✄☛t❡✄☞ ❜✟rr✄✂r

❡✂☛t♦❣✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✹✴ ❏✑❀✵✽✹✴ ❁✽✻✏✵✽✹✻✖✑✽✹✴ ✿✘★✱ ✷✺✝✚✷✣✺✱ ❣♦✄❞

✝✆✳✝✆✜✣✶❥✳✝✢✣✺✐✷✜✣❃✳✷✆✆✢✳✆✝✛✣✣✳

❳☎✟❜✂ ▼✳ ✝✙✛✙✳ ❆✞✟✠✡☛✄☞✟✠ ✂✫❛r✂ss✄♦✞s ❢♦r ✌r✟✍✄☛✡ ✟✞♦❡✟✠✄✂s ❣✎✂

☛♦ t♦❡♦✌✂✞✂♦✎s ❛♦✠✡t✂❣r✟✠ ❜♦❣✄✂s ✟✞❣ ☛r✟✞s✠✟☛✄♦✞s ✄✞☛♦ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞

✟✞♦❡✟✠✄✂s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦✾✱ ✛✢✆✚✛✜✝✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✆✙✛✢✳

Pt✄✠✠✄❛s ❬✳✱ ❬✌✎✡✂✞ ❚✳✬✳✱ ❚t♦❡s♦✞ ♠✳✱ ❳✠❣✂✞❜✎r✌ ✸✳ ✟✞❣

✦♦✇✟✠☞✧✡☎ P✳ ✷✆✝✆✳ ✢✸ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ❡♦❣✂✠✠✄✞✌✱ ✄✞☛✂✌r✟☛✄♦✞✱ ✟✞❣ ✍✄s✎✐

✟✠✄✧✟☛✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✟✄r❜♦r✞✂ ✌r✟✍✄☛✡✱ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞✱ ✟✞❣ ✂✠✂☞☛r♦❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟ ✐

❚t✂ ♣q✤✯❚ Pr♦❥✂☞☛✳ Pr✂s✂✞☛✂❣ ✟☛ ☛t✂ ❁✽✻✏✵✽✹✻✖✑✽✹✴ ✉✑✵✈✕✓✑✒ ✑✽

✰✴✏✗✻✵✖✗✹✴❵ ●✵✹❤✖✻✔ ✹✽❖ ❫✹❴✽✏✻✖✗ ❫✏✻✓✑❖✕✱ ✪✟❛r✄✳

P✄✠☎✄✞✌☛♦✞▼✳ ✝✙✙✛✳ ✢✐✸ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ✄❡✟✌✄✞✌ ✎s✄✞✌ ☞♦✞❥✎✌✟☛✂ ✌r✟❣✄✂✞☛s✳

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦★✱ ✝✝✢✷✚✝✝✜✷✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✜✜✜✷✝✜✳

P♦r☛✞✄✟✌✎✄✞✂ ❳✳ ✟✞❣ ✮t❣✟✞♦✍ ▼✳✯✳ ✝✙✙✙✳ ❋♦☞✎s✄✞✌ ✌✂♦❛t✡s✄✐

☞✟✠ ✄✞✍✂rs✄♦✞ ✄❡✟✌✂s✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦✾✱ ✥✛✜✚✥✥✛✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶

✝✳✝✜✜✜✺✙✣✳

P♦r☛✞✄✟✌✎✄✞✂ ❳✳ ✟✞❣ ✮t❣✟✞♦✍ ▼✳✯✳ ✷✆✆✷✳ ✢✐✸ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ✄✞✍✂r✐

s✄♦✞ ✇✄☛t ❣✟☛✟ ☞♦❡❛r✂ss✄♦✞ ✟✞❣ ✄❡✟✌✂ ❢♦☞✎s✄✞✌✳ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦✼✱

✝✺✢✷✚✝✺✜✝✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✺✝✷✛✜✙✳

✯✟✠✂❡ ❆✳ ✟✞❣ ②✟✍✟☛ ✸✳ ✷✆✆✢✳ ❆ ☞♦❡❜✄✞✂❣ ✟✞✟✠✡☛✄☞ s✄✌✞✟✠ ✟✞❣ ✤✎✠✂r

❡✂☛t♦❣ ③❆❬✐✤q▲④ ❢♦r ✟✎☛♦❡✟☛✄☞ ✄✞☛✂r❛r✂☛✟☛✄♦✞ ♦❢ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ❣✟☛✟✳

●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ❦❂✱ ✝✙✺✷✚✝✙✣✝✱ ❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✝✙✆✶✝✳✝✣✢✺✆✜✙✳

✯☞t❡✄❣☛ P✳✱ ✪✠✟r☎ ✸✳✱ ▲✂s✠✄✂ ✦✳✤✳✱ ❇✄☞☎ ▼✳✱ ❚✄✠❜r♦♦☎ ✸✳▲✳ ✟✞❣ ❋♦✠✂✡

✪✳P✳ ✷✆✆✜✳ ✭✤❚▼❆✭ ✐ ❆ ✯♣q■✸ ❡✟✌✞✂☛✄☞ ☛✂✞s♦r ✌r✟❣✄♦❡✂☛✂r ❢♦r

❡✄✞✂r✟✠ ✟✞❣ ♦✄✠ ✂✫❛✠♦r✟☛✄♦✞✳ ✰✲✒✴✑✵✹✻✖✑✽ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✕ ◗✘✱ ✷✙✛✚✢✆✺✱

❣♦✄❞ ✝✆✳✝✆✛✝✶✤✭✆✜✷✙✛✳

✯✞✡❣✂r ✸✳❇✳✱ ❇✠✂✂☎✂r ❲✳✱ ②✂✂❣ ▲✳✤✳✱ ❆✡✂r ❙✳❆✳✱ ✬♦✎✠⑤✂ ▼✳✭✳ ✟✞❣ ❇✟☛✂✐

❡✟✞ ②✳ ✷✆✆✥✳ ❚✂☞☛♦✞✄☞ ✟✞❣ ❡✂☛✟✠✠♦✌✂✞✄☞ ✄❡❛✠✄☞✟☛✄♦✞s ♦❢ r✂✌✄♦✞✟✠

⑥⑦ ✷✆✝✷ ✤✎r♦❛✂✟✞ ❆ss♦☞✄✟☛✄♦✞ ♦❢ ✭✂♦s☞✄✂✞☛✄s☛s ⑧ ✤✞✌✄✞✂✂rs✱ ●✏✑✒✓✔✕✖✗✹✴ ⑨✵✑✕✒✏✗✻✖✽❴✱ ✝✚✝✜

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✶� ▼✁ ❈✂✄☎✆ ●✁✳✁ ❲✐✝✞✟✠ ☎✠❛ ▼✁✡✁ ❩❤❛☎✠✟☛

s☞✌s✍✌✎ ♣r✏✑✌✒☞s ✌✓ t✔☞ ❚✌✍✍✌✓s ✕✌✓✌✓✖ ✗✘✍♣✙ ❊✚✛✜✛✢✣✚ ✤✥✛✦✛✧★

✩✪✫✱ ✬✬✭✮✯✬✬✮✰✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✴✬✬✭✵✖s☞✎✏✓✖☞✏✙✬✰✭✙✷✙✬✬✭✮✙

❚✔✏✍♣s✏✓ ❉✙❚✙ ✬✸✹✴✙ ✺✻✼❉✽✾✲ ❆ ✓☞♥ t☞✎✔✓✌❡✿☞ ✑✏r ✍✘♠✌✓✖ ✎✏✍❝

♣✿t☞r ✘ss✌st☞❞ ❞☞♣t✔ ☞st✌✍✘t☞s ✑r✏✍ ✍✘✖✓☞t✌✎ ❞✘t✘✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚❂ ❃❄✱

✭✬✯✭❅✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✬✸✰✵✬✙✬❇❇✬✴❅✹✙

❋✌✒s✏✓ ❍✙❆✙✱ ÿ✗✿✍✘ ✕✙ ✘✓❞ ❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙ ✴✰✬✬✙ ✕✘ss✌�☞✒▼ ♣✘r✘✒✒☞✒

✭❉ ✌✓�☞rs✌✏✓ ✏✑ ✖r✘�✌t▼ ✘✓❞ ✖r✘�✌t▼ ✖r✘❞✌✏✍☞tr▼ ❞✘t✘✙ P✁✥✂✣✥✄ ✩✶☎✱

✴✸✯✭❇✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✰❅✬✵✽✆✴✰✬✬✓✬✮✴♣✴✸✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙ ✬✸✹✹✙ ■✜✝✥✧✁✞✦ ❚✁✞✜❂✟✛✁✢❂ ✣✜ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚❂✙ ✳♣r✌✓✖☞r❝

✆☞r✒✘✖✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙✳✙ ✴✰✰✴✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚✞✦ ■✜✂✥✁❂✥ ❚❁✥✛✁★ ✞✜❛ ❘✥✧❡✦✞✁✣✠✞✝✣✛✜

P✁✛✡✦✥✢❂✙ ✺✒s☞�✌☞r✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙ ✴✰✰✸✙ ◆☞♥ ✘❞�✘✓✎☞s ✌✓ ✭❉ r☞✖✿✒✘r✌r☞❞ ✌✓�☞rs✌✏✓ ✏✑

✖r✘�✌t▼ ✘✓❞ ☞✒☞✎tr✏✍✘✖✓☞t✌✎ ❞✘t✘✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚✞✦ P✁✛❂❀✥✚✝✣✜✧ ✶❄ ✭❇☛✱

❇✷✭✯❇❅✹✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✬✬✬✵☞✙✬✭✷✮❝✴❇❅✹✙✴✰✰✹✙✰✰❅✷✭✙✌✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙✳✙✱ ✺✒✒✌s ✍✙❍✙ ✘✓❞ ✕✿♠✔☞r☞☞☞ ✳✙ ✴✰✰❇✙ ✍☞✖✿✒✘r✌r☞❞ ✑✏✎✿s❝

✌✓✖ ✌✓�☞rs✌✏✓ ✏✑ ✭❝❉ ✖r✘�✌t▼ t☞✓s✏r ❞✘t✘✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚❂ ✻✎✱ ✸✴✮✯✸✭❅✱

❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✬✸✰✵✬✙✬❅❅✹✴✭✷✙

❩✔❞✘✓✏� ✕✙✳✙✱ ✳✍✌t✔ ✍✙✏✙✱ ❍r✌✑☞✓♠✏ ❆✙✱ ÿ✗✿✍✘ ✕✙ ✘✓❞ ❍r☞☞✓

❆✙✕✙ ✴✰✬✬✙ ❚✔r☞☞❝❞✌✍☞✓s✌✏✓✘✒ ✌✓�☞rs✌✏✓ ✏✑ ✒✘r✖☞❝s✎✘✒☞ ✺✘rt✔✳✎✏♣☞

✍✘✖✓☞t✏t☞✒✒✿r✌✎ ❞✘t✘ ✑✘s☞❞ ✏✓ t✔☞ ✌✓t☞✖r✘✒ ☞❡✿✘t✌✏✓ ✍☞t✔✏❞ ✯

❍☞✏☞✒☞✎tr✌✎✘✒ ✌✍✘✖✌✓✖ ✏✑ t✔☞ ❨☞✒✒✏♥st✏✓☞ ✎✏✓❞✿✎t✌�☞ ✍✘✓t✒☞

♣✒✿✍☞✙ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚✞✦ ❘✥❂✥✞✁✚❁ ▲✥✝✝✥✁❂ ✫✸✱ ✼✰✹✭✰❅✱ ❞✏✌✲ ✬✰✙✬✰✴✸✵

✴✰✬✬❍✼✰❇✷✸✮✭✙

❈✒ ✴✰✬✴ ✺✿r✏♣☞✘✓ ❆ss✏✎✌✘t✌✏✓ ✏✑ ❍☞✏s✎✌☞✓t✌sts ✫ ✺✓✖✌✓☞☞rs✱ ✤✥✛❀❁★❂✣✚✞✦ P✁✛❂❀✥✚✝✣✜✧✱ ✬✯✬❇


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