AnPHA

1964

2

·

BOJHOHGTOPHJGKHfAACHHK

II

KOHCT8HTI\UIc1lUJI030q,. )KUBOT necrroea CTeq,aUQ JIa3apeBuBa, rrpeaeoBeorpan, 1936. 63.

•

,

•

aaropcxol 6~ (11102) cy y'!ecTBOBaJIH H Cp6H, xao Baja3J.1TOBHnon KOMaH,[tOMKHe3a Crecpaaa Jlasapeaaha. MaKo je cpncsx

cpassrepao MaJIe jaxxae y O,[tHOCYaa ~eJIOKynHy Baja3HToBYce npOCJIaBHOHece6H'!HHM eanarassex, jypmnajyhH aa TaTap­c ~HJheM na OCJI060,[tHorncorseaor cYJITaHa. CTeq,aHo'BM noxy-

cnace Bajasxra y MOMeHTY xazta ora je aanycrana BehMHa sojcxe,.ltOCTojaHCTBeHHKa,OBeI{OBe'!HJIlit cy lilMe Cp6a M lbMXOBor KHe3aO,[txajsehax 6HTaKa CBeTa no'!eTKOM xv. aexa. TaKBo AP:>Kalbe

l)8J]roje KapaKTepHJ.1M lit BOjHH'!KlilM ocofiaaaxa KHe3a Crerpaaa salIIerOB 6Morpaci> KOHcTaHTHH ct>HJI030ci>pexao 1(a je 6lito lit3BaIilpe­

y craapaxa parosaasa 6lito npax, a '1(a je no TeJIeCHoj JIenOTMMel)y Bpl.IIH>aIzyn.1~xao cyaue rrocpen 3Be3Aa.1

6HCMOpa3YMeJIH 360r xera ce KHe3 Crerpaa caxonperopno 3a­Bajasara, '!OBeKa KOjlit My je nory6lito 3ap06JheHOr ona, KHe3a

H3Heli.eMo 'WTa 0 TOMe roaopx cax KHe3 Crerpaa Kp03 nepo csoraKOHCTaH'fMHa ct>HJI030cpa. I10CJIe M11JIlit'lHHe M Jeci>HMHjHHe

~Baia311TY, - ,KIDKe KOHCTaHTHH' ct>HJI030cP - peWHO ce no Maj-1(a TO y'llitHlit M KHe3 Crecpaa, aJI,JiIca 113BeCHMMCTPaXOM,

~HO npxcrao "Aa 6YAe APyr (caBe3HHK) ca ¥rpMMa". Kana jehe Te aeee ca ¥rpMMa y 6YAYftHOCTH 6litTH lHeMoryhe, nowao je

lit 'OTBopeHO My CBe rrpxsxao, rrpeztajyhx csojy cY'1(6lilHypyxe. ,lVrBeim ce lberoBoj litCKpeHOCTJ1,Baja311T MY je pexao:

hem TaMO Y'DfID1TJ.1?Ko je 01( OHJ.1X,K'Ojlit BJIa1(ajy H npJ1'KJIO­tasv ¥rplilMa, rrocrarao WTO y CBOMe rocnO,Zl;CTBY?",rr'OMeayBWJ1.6yrapcKe H 'OCTaJIenapese 11 ynarasnra ra M3Mel)y' OCTaJIOr:MeHe y TaKBoj 'laCTM xao Tlit?" Bajaaar My je 3aTHM pexao sa

je Ben crap IJ.1 ~a~he lberOBlit C11HOBHnOCJIe lberOBe CMpTJ1YCTaT116paTa. re he eBaKJ1 01( H>HX Tpa}KrJ.1'l1lil01( lbera (Crerpaaa) noaoh

OBO spexe, onpacahenr .ne careo csoje xpajese, HO (ocso-H ~pyre npeztene OKO nene 3eMJhe, 11 aaasaheur ce BeJI11KHM11 -,

BJIa1(apOM. :vI cazta h.ew ,l\p}KaTlit CBOjy 3eMJhy y CBOjOj b6JIa-.

,

I

4AHrOPCKA BMTKA

(28. jYJIa 1402),

IW'lCpUBa'H.uit

),),.~

RapidSerbla, 2012.•

.Poklon od Jutarnjeg prdeia. :).

, -,HArnE PATHE I1POIllJIOCTli

•

/,•

,,,

,CTJ%l~'.Ha xpajy, Bajaarrr My je CaBeTOBaO ,qa 3a lberOBOr (Baja3J%lTOBOr):>KJ%lBO'rayKpOTJ%l csojy HenOKOpHY BJIaC'):'eJIY, jep nOCJIe Moje CMP'l'J%lhellIXTeTJ%lJ%lneheur HJ%llllTayonerrr". 2

o Crecpanoaoj npJ%lBpJKeHOCTJ%lBaja3J%lTY' rOBOpJ%l J%l Bl13aHTJ%ljcKlil1CTOpJ%[qapJI. XaJIKOKOH,qJ%lJla,jenaa O,Anxcaua ,KOjJ%lce MOraO 06aBeCTJ%lTI1o CBJ%lMTYIM O,qHOCYIMaYI APyrYIM Aoralj~jYIMa ozr CaBp~MeH'JIlKa 6J%lTKeKOAAnrope. TaKolje cy My n03Ha;rM M necnarasse Baja3YITOBJ%lX CJ%lHOBaM I-BJIl­XOBO'J.Y[eljyco6HO 'cynapHJIllllTBO.3 0 n06yHJ%l cpncxe BJIaCTeJIe npOTJ%lBKHe3aCrerpaaa, xojy je rrpezrsxzreo Bajasrrr, HaJIa3J%lMOnorapzry J%ly nOXBaJIHOMCJIOBY MOHaXJIllbe JecpJ%lMJIlje,xoje je J%l3Be3JIaKHe3Y Jlasapy: "jep MHOr'JIlMJK,aJIOCTJ11Macanera cy Ba3Jby6JbeI-ba TJIl 1.J:e,n:a,-jep ORJIl n:ojJ%l[ezty l:bJ%lXOBXJIe6, nO,n:J%lrOllleHa lb~X BeJIJ%lKy6YHy".1 , ~ r

Hece6J%lQHO sanaran,e KHe3a Crecpaaa y 60p6aMa, J%lnpOTJ%lB XpJ%l­urhaaa, He C,aMO zra noxaayje lberOBO nOTnYHO ~pllIelDe Ba3aJlCKJ%lX 06a­neaa, Ben J%l,n:a cy lDe!,OBJ%lJ%lHTepeCJ%l3aB11CYIJIJ%lOA Bajaaxroaor JK11BOTa,xao ,Jot .zta je 1{'He3 CTecpaH 6,JIlO ca Baja311ToM 3aAOBOJbaH. 'I'axolye, 'VaOAaHOCT rOBOpYI KaKO cy 6J1lJIe xspcre seae xoje cy npexo OJIYIBepe Be311-sane Cp611jy -ca Baja3J%lTOBOM JI'J%lQHOlIlhy. MeIjYTJ!1M, OBO H~ 3Haq·J%lna ceKHe3 noi\1J%lpJ%lOca TypCKOM BJIaAaB11HOl\1, IIlTO ce Haj60Jbe B11,q11113 zrora­Ijaja KOj11 cy· YCJIe,n:JIlJIJ%lnocne aaropcxe 6J%lTKe.TYPCKJ%lMrropaaox 'J%l Baja-311T0BJ%lM.3ap06JbaBal:beM npecrane cy CBe 06aBe3e 11sese xoje cy CrecpaaaBe311BaJIe sa cyJITaHOBY JIJ%lqHOCT.360r 'llOra, no nperracxy y Llapxrpanca npe>kJ%lBeJIJ%lM,n:eJIOBJ%lMacsora oztpezra, Crecpaa Melba CBOjy nOJIJ1;TJ%lKy,IIp11JIa3J%lXpJ%llIInaJHJ%lMa- 'Ha crparry rpsxor' napa, OA xora je TO;'1 IIpJ%l­JIJ%lK{)M,n:06J%lOTJ%lTy;nynecrrora.

.. Y 6J%lJ.:(J%lKO,n:Anrope CYAapMJIe-cy ce TaAa ABe aajjaxe aojcxe, qJ%lj1ofcy KOMa:HAaHTJ%lt611JIJ%lTypI.{JIl. [(eo OHAa'1Il1lb11CBeT yrrapao je OqJ%lK M.cTOKYrne cy J%lMaJIazra ce penre mrrassa npeBJIaCTJIl J%l3Meljy zrsejy JIJ%lQHOCTJ%l,on KOjJllX. je 3aBJ%l'CJ%lJIa'cYA6J%lHa MHomrx aapozta: xa j~AHOj CTpaHJ%lCYJI­TaR Bajasxr, n06eAHJ%lK ca Kocosa (1389), P0J311Ha (1395) 11 H11KOnOJba(1396); a iia· ,n:pyroj. AeMJ%lpTaMepJIaH,-KojJ%l je y poxy ozr ner rOAJ%lHanpe-mao OKO 15.000 KJ%lJIOMeTapaJi:[ nOKop119 '')l;eCeTaK AP:>KaBa. .

3a ·TaMepJIaHoBY H~epy ,n:a YHJIllliTJIl Bajaatrra 3HaJIe cy 11eananaezrpacaae, rra cy, no peqMMil CT. Hoaaxoaxha, YI ORe rajJ%lJI.eaazry ,n:a,he ceOCJI060AJ%lTYIBaja3Y1TOSe on,aCHOCTJ%l.5rOH3aJIeC ne KJIaBJ%lXO IIMlIle zta cyBJ13aRTJ%ljcKJ%lnap 'JOBaH J%l'BeHOBJbaHJ%l y Ilepn, aa rrrac zta TaMepJIaHnpozmpe y' AliaAOJIJ%ljy, CKJIO'nJ%lJIJ%lcases ca l:bJllMe J%lna cy ce. 06aBe3~JIJ%(zta ca CBOjJ%lMranxjaaa cnpexe npenasax Typaxa 113 Esporre y MaJIYA . G •3J1JY· _

OHoBpeMeHJ%l' H3BOPJ%lrosope. 0 Bajaasrry xao 0AJIyqHOM J%lxpatipoxtfQBeKY, 'qBpCTOr xapaarepa, I{OjJ1 ce OAJIJ%lKOBaOBJIaAapCKJ%lMJ%lBOjHJ%lQKJ%lM. . ".. ... /.

2 KOHCTaHTI%IHc:PHJI030q" H. A., 65-67. -r3 Laonici Chalkokondylae, Histortarum, lib. dece, Paris, 1866, 178.4 MOHaXYlH>a Jeq,YlMl%lja, Beorpan, 1936, 12.6 CT., HOBaKOBYlH, Cp6n YI TypQI%I XIV }1' XV 'B.; C. 'liJolPKOBl1,h, .n:onYHe H

o6jaWH>elba, Beorpag, 1969, 304. ' ',

8 Roy Gonzales de Klavijo, Itineraire de I'Ambassade Espagnole a Samar­cande en 1403:"""'1406,St. Petersbourg, 1881, 145.

,BOjHO}1CTOpMjCl{H rJIaCHI%IK54

I

•

...

,

I

I

,I

,

Y HajTe:>KMM TpeHYW1Ma XJIa~HO'KpBHO'n;eHH cMTyal.\J1JY, a on­lVll:e ,n;OHOCH5P30, npq_B'J1JIHOJ1 eaepnrsao J1X J13BpUIaBa.~ )J;p:>KaBOM je

C HajBehoM cxrypaoumy, a y BOjCl.\J1je 3aBeO' CTPO'ry AJiICll.J1-ynpaSJI:. '~B~(!)MOje BJ1<;OK,CHa:>KaH,XJ1Tap J1 OUITpor rrorrreaa. Bo.neo je cjaj,lvc:neiO' je .n;a ce OTprH~ QA Y:>KJ1BGllbaJ1 paaspa'ra KQjeMY c,e 5J10 J13.SeCHO~Bt)eMlenpe.n;ao·non YTJ1l.\ajeM BeJIHKOr sesapa AJIJ1-rraUIe. IDerO'Be ,n;J):>KaB­"m[1olKe J1 .n;J1IlJIO·MaTCKecnOC06iHO'CTJ1or.nezrajy ce y npJ1.n;o6J1jalby .n;Qjyqe­paJIlHl,J1XHenpJ1jaTeJba (Cp6a, Bnaxa, Byrapa J1 zrp.). BJi10 je ropn M OXOJI,HWlMje caBe'Ve HMje npJ1MaO'.7.KOHCTarHTWH<PJ1JI030CPC npasoa xaxce sa­Baja3J1lTa na [e "JIaB", a TaKO'·.MCTO'3Ha .n;a ra TYPl.\Ji13O'By "rpOM".S liI rQH­sanec .n;eKJIaBMXO' 3Ha .n;aAnnanpe (Aldayre) 3HaqJ1 aa TypCKO'M "MYlba" ,a Baja3MT MMe.S

TaMepJIaH je 6J1'O'BeJIMKM crparer Ji1opraaxsarop noxpera BeJIJ1KJi1X1e.ll(M.HIMIl1aHa QrpDMHa y,n;aJhelba, KaQ M y Q5aBeUITaBalbY 0' craa-y KQP;He­npRjaTeJha. CJIY2Kl"!TJ1J1CJIaMY6J1O'je nseroa npamnm. Y3 nO'MQh xona, O'He xreo na KPBJhy crrepe rsary M CpaMQTy ca J1CJIaMaJi1zta npefipozra COl.\J1-

• •jaJIHy, MQpaJIHy J1 a.n;MMHJ1CTpaTJ1BHYKpJi13y HaCTaJIY y MCJIaMCKO'McBeTYnOCJIe U~I'Ji11CXaiHOIBJ1Xocsajarsa. KaO' xosex 6rJ1O'je TIaMeTaH, onnyaan,yMeUIaH, M HerrOKOJIeQJhJ1BeBQJhe, aepaa Ji1onan npyr. BQJIeQ j e rropoztauy,HayKY je l.\eHHO, a HayqHJ1K<e noxarao. CJIy:>KJ1O'je je,n;J1HOJ1HTepeCJ1Ma,Iq):>KaBe. f

3a 'I'aerepnaaa KO'IH'CTarHTl1iH<PHJIQ3QCPIffi:>Ke: "Taj' M'y:>K6eUIe CBM­pen M BeJIJ1KJi1HaCJ1JIHMK,MMeHOM )J;eMJ1p" a 3aTJ1MHaCTaBJha KaKO' je Ha­CKJIHJi1'1KJ1M npesapore ocsajao M UIMPMO'CBO'jy BJIaCT. 3Ha na je 6Ji1O'pausea" yCJIe.n;TQra XpOM. M saxcra, QBO ee nonynapa, yrJIaBHO'M, H ca OCTaJIMM~3BopMMa. rO'H3aJIeC ne KJIaBMXQ xaace na My je npaso .J1Me Tasryptier,WTO 3HaqH ,,:>KeJIe3HJ1 nap" (TaMYP - :>KeJIe30,' 5er,- nap). MeljyTMM,TaMepJIaH 3HaQM'5qraJI;, nOUITO' je 6HO paisea y ,n;eCHO'6e.n;po J1nsa npcra ..n:eCHepy*e.10 OH je CMaTpaO' KaO' CBQje aenpxjarerse QHe HapQ,n;€!KOjJi1'cyYCTajaJIJ1 y CBOjy 0.n:6paHY 'J1 npesra lbJi1Ma je 6HO' QKpyTaH. IDerQBH no­XO).'(" npahena cy HajcTpaUIHHjJ1M 3BepCTBJ1Ma J1 nYCTQUIelbHMa, )J;YKaxaace: " .... 1'al\!(O'ce HHje Qy.1iO'.rrajaase naca HJ1,rnac KO'KO'UIHHl"! rmax,'.n:E~E~a·".11 Ca OTaiHOJ3HJ1~HMarpanosa ,KOjlJ1 'Ce HJfCy XTeJIIJi1rrOK9pJ1THOKPYTHQ je nocrynao. TaKO', KO'HCTaHTHH <PJ1JIQ3QCP.Ka:>Kena je lbJ1XO'Be;JKE~HeH neuy y jaMe aarpnaaao H 5al.\aO' 3BepHMa. Kana cy je.n;HOMnpMJIM':'KOM CTaHDBH·Ml.\J1DBHX rpazroaa rrQJID)KHJIM rpyny neue na 3eMJbY, He 6MJIM ce .n:e'ljHM nJIaqO'M ,UeMJ1p raHYD, O'H je HaMeCTD MJ1JIDCTJ1aapezmo .n;a

KDlbMMa nperaae.P "r.n;e ron je sojcxa DHO'r 3JIDTBO'pa" - xaace Hem­.r--.a - ,,3ra3MJIa, TO' ce y rrYCTO'UI npeTBOpHJID, Bojcxa My MYCJIHMaHe rro"P:~MrCKIDMBHJIajeTY omsasxa, nQPYllIJ1' M nonann, iserosy :>KeHCRYqeJba.n;

7 'BeHepaJl EMepXaJll'lc, pli1Tl{a I{OIl Anxape, npeaeo nYKOBHli11{HOB, PaKO-­Beorpan, 1937, 96-100.8 KOHCTaHTUH<l>li1JI030cP,a, ,II., 60.

, 9 Gonzales de Klavijo, n. d., 147-148 .. , vencio que acia nombre AldayreBayszet, que quiere decir elrelampaga.

10,Gonzales de Klavijo, n. d., 148.11 Ducas, iso, 20. - ed. Grecu; ~li1TaT:r. OCTpOrOpCIrn, Ji:[cTOp"fjaBli13aHTKje,

ieOrl~a:ll, 1960, 515.2 KOHCTaHTli1H<l>K:'1030cP,H. ,w., 73.

55'AHropCKa 6li1Tlta,\

•

\

13 I'JI. EJIe30BI>1B,OrJIe~aJIo CBeTa .J1J1MJ%[oropl1ja Mex?leAa Hempaie, Beorpan,1957, 85. .

14 Jl1pe'ieK, J%[cTopl1ja Cp5a I, 337.I~KOHcTaHTJ.IH <:>I1JI030cP,H. A., 73-75; EMepXaJtJ)1C,H: A., 96...,...100. ,IG HOBaKOBJ1h, Cp5T1111TYPLIH XIV ·11XV B.; 'B.I1PKOBl1h, )l;0I1YHe 11o6jawtbetba.

293-302, 461-462.

,

rrponycrsrnre Kp03 pyKe. Aaajl KO~Jil~O je oraua OCTaJIO6e3 csora sena )i[

KOJIHKOje MaTepM paCTaBJbeHOon CBOJMXxaepa. CBeT ce ,6ewe c:rmfIo 1Jl30-rraxao., KaMeH je l{aMeH rpJ13aO, MHoro je xapozta o,q rJIa,qJ1nOMpJIo".13

TaMepJIaH HJ1je 6J1pao cpencrsa ,qa 6J1 aerrpxjarezscxe aojcxe npJf­,Z(06JiloJil rrpesyxao xa CBO}.y CTPM!y. 'I'axo je nocrynxo KO,Z(TaKTaJIJfCe,3aTJilMKO,qAnena JilKO,qAarope.

Ma KOJllJ1KO,qa Jil.3'HeTJilnonaua rrpezrcranrsajy TaMepJIOOa y najup;fbM'I~I60jaMa, MnaK, y cnyxajy aHrop~Ke 6JilTKe, 1\10paMOce 0):( fbJilX ):(eJII1-M}1qHO orpanarx. Hasore, y caspeaeao] Ha~J1 je ycaojeao M)i[UIJbe:tbe nace npeMa sapotirseaox CYJITaHY Baja31JlTY rrocrynano xopercrao, yxsaheaacynraaxja OJIMSepa 6JilJIa je ocnofioheaa porrcrna no MOJI6M,qecnoTa CTe­cpaaa, npexo }berOBO'r M3aCJIaH,J1KaTyp'fJillHa Aj~a.14 ITo TaMepJIa'HOBOMxapehersy 3ap06JbeHM xpaurhaax nynrreax cy J13 3ap06JbeH11lllTBa, KaKOTy·pcKor TaKO ~ TaTapCKl()r, na je Meljy }bHMa o'I'K)'TIJbeH M Tpryp Bpaa­KOBMh.. ,1J;Bafiocaacxa BJIaCTeJIIJlHa aapofirseaa y KOCOBCKOj511:u;Jil nOCJIeaaropcxe 6MTKe CTMrJIa cy y Ilapxrpan. HanOCJIeTKY, y OBOj 6H:u;J1'I'asrep­JIM! je onao IDpM3Hafbe jYHaq'K01 60p6M OCMa'HJlMjcKe sojcxe 'Jil cpnCKOMOApeAY, 3a KOjJil HJilje saao KOjOj BpCTJilBajaaarose aojcxe rrpxnana.

Y ce,ZJ;aM,ZJ;eceTM rrpsoj rO,ZJ;MHJ{>KMBOTaKpeHYO je ,ZJ;acsojy, IJlHaqenpocrpaay MMnepMjy, npOWJilPM ocaajaesex K11He, ana ra je y TOMe crrpe-qMJIa CMpT.15 '.

Ca rJI~~Ta parae Belll'I'J.1iHe,y 6MU;M'K:O,ZJ;AHrope cy saeeaeaceaansa aaaxajaa norahaja: npaa nyr ce nojaarsyjy 'lMTaBe je,ZJ;J.1HH:u;ejezrao-06pa3HO ozteseae J1aaopyxcaae M aenpajarers ycnesa ,ZJ;aaa 60jMUITY rrpa­MeROM ,pa3HMX, KaKO 6M ce ' AaHac .peKJIO, nponaranznnrx cpezrcraaa npx-ayxe aerrpxjarersa xa csojy crpaay. ., BJ1Tl{y KC,l.\Aarope cy OnMCaJIHn03HaTIJl eBpOnCKMMCTOplJlqaplJlTyp-

CKe: J. Hammer, J. W. Zinkeisen, N. Jorga M ,Zl;pyrlJl.Xasrepoaa ~Top~a rIM- .caaa je iI1pBeHCTBeHCrro_TypC'KHM lJ.1!3(BcplJl,Ma,xpoencrapxera. Ma ·l{OJIJ1iKC,ZJ;aje OBO·,ZJ;eJIO3HaqajHo, ~eHH:u;a Aa je ollKcaHO rrpe BJ1llle on 140 rO,ZJ;J1,Ha,3aXTeBa !,qaIce AonYtHJ1'Ilo,ZJ;an;JflMaM3 HOBJ1XJ.f3·sopa I)i[ J1jC·Top~lcKeJIJ1Tepa­Type. 3a pa3JIHKy O,ZJ;Xaxepa, UJilHKaj3eH je JJJ1caccaoje ,qeJIC He KOPM­crehx TyPCKe J13BOpe, }b~rOBa MCTOPlJlja fiasxpa na ,qJ1JJJIOMaTCKHMM3se­wTajJ1Ma J1JIJilTepapHJilM Jil3BOpMMa.Jopra je pa,ZJ;MCIJlCKJbyqHBOaa OCHOBYo6jaBJbeHe ,qJilIlJIOMaTCKeM JIMTepapHe rpahe. Ka,ZJ;ace JilMa y BIJl,ZJ;y,qa cyHaM naaac MHOrJil.TYPCK~ M3BCP1l1AocTynHJil, y op1l1r1l1HaJIYJilJIJily npesony,xao M na JJOCToje HOBM nonaira 0 OBOMe ,ZJ;oraljajy, oana je npxpozmo ,l(aHaM ce rrpyxca MorynHccT aa HOBe MHTepnpeTa:U;Mje oaor Aoraljaja.

Onxcyjyax aaropcxy 6MTKY Jil ,qora})aje y seaa ca }bOM, CT. Hoaa­KOBJiln je 06paTIJl0 rJIaBHy na>K:tby O,qHOCMMaKHe3a Crecpaaa Jlasapeaaaa I

ca Eaja3'Jil'l101M.10Kopxcreba ce rrocrojeaax Jil3BOPJ1Mla111MCTOP1l1jCKOMJIMTe­parypox, y BpeMeHY Ka,ZJ;aje ,l(eJIOnxcao, HOBaKOBJilh.je pacrrpaarsao M '0, :

56 BOjSOMCTOpMjClrn rnaCHMK

,•

• •

11 MCTO, H. A., 313.18 EMepXaJlJ1C,H, A., 1-152. -19 G. Roloff, Die Schlacht bei Angora (1402), Historische Zeitschrlft 161, 1940,

h. 2, 244-262.2t M. M. Alexandrescu-Dersca, La Campagne de Timur en Anatolie 1402,

Bukurest, 1942. .II Harold Lamb, La vie de Tamerian, npeaeo aa cPpaHIzyCKJoI:Pierre Jean

Robert, Paris, 1931, 223-233.

•anK caMO OHOJIKKOKOJIHKO je 6HJIO JIoTpe6HO na ce OCBeTJIHH HCTa-

KHe3a CTe<PaHa, xao H lberOBa rrpHBPJKeHOCT Baja3KTY YCYA60HOCHOMAoral)ajy. 11PH OBO,Me6HTKa je narapaaa 20. jYJIa,

IC'1'O 28. jYJIa.17 Monorpacpaja reaepana EMepXaJIHca' 0 aaropcxo] 6KQM~Ia je yrJIaBHOM aa OCHOBYHCQPrrHHx opMjeHTaJIHH.x H3Bopa H HCT~­

JIKTepaTy'pe. 3a 'pa3JIHKy OA AOCaAal-bHX panoaa, rracau AaJeKopMcHe H 3aHHMJbMBe rronarxe 0 AoraljajHMa I{Oj.11cy nperxo-

6KQK, TaMepJIaHOBHM nox~AHMa, xperaesy OCMaHJIMja, opraaxaa­K cacraey '060cTpaHHx BOJcaKa H, HanOCJIeTKY, xopacae CK.11Qe.11AyTOPY ce ~oJKe np.11MeTHTK Aa HeAOBOJbHO KPHTH'IKH JIpHJIa3K

xao M na HMje xcupnao caapexeay JIMTepaTy.py.18 PaCJIpaBaRoloffa OAJIMKyje ce opHrHHaJIHHM 3aKJbY'IIJ;MMa 0 ja'lMH ..1106ejy BOj­

M pa3JI03KMa 6p30r noanaxersa 'I'arapa .113MaJIe A3Hje MAP. Hx Ro­HMje KOPMCTMOCBe paCrrOJIO>KMBeH3Bope, xao aa rrplifMep, YpYJ,la M

:OBCTlIH1'J1}llact>MJI030<j>a.19 _ . .'.Y CBOjOj MOHorpa<j>MjM 0 TaMepJIaHOBOM noxony 1402. rOAMHe Ma­

Mathilda Alsxandrescu-Dersca CBec'I1pa!HO'.11X;pJ-iTM'iKM pacxarpa CBe,orat)aje KOjM cy AOBeJI~ AO 6MTKe, 3aTMM rrperneznro orracyje TOK, MCXO)l;nOCJIeAMu;e6MTKe. AHaJIH3a 060CTpaHMX nojcaxa Y JIOrJIeAY onpexe M

TaKT.11'lKe YBe>K6aHOCTM M MaHeBapCKe cnoc.06HOCTM oxory­HJIB je rrMcqy na .11ca BojHM'lKe Ta'lKe' rJIeAHIllTa ycneumo npeACTaBM

::OBiaJAoraljaj. OA napoxaror je HHTepeca aa Hac' na je nxcau, Ta'lHO no '~31310pHMaIII IIlCTOPMjCKOj JJMTepaTYp.11,MCTaKao aanararse KHe3a Crerpaaa~JI~13a,peBIIll'\aH HlerOBor ozrpena, CJIM'lHO xao WTO cy TO 'l.KHMJIM Xassep M:~:~~~e:.He CJIa>KeM'Oce ca rrMcqeM y JIorJIeAY rrponeae ja'lMIta 060-tc aojcaxa, xao JIJ ca rrpeTnOCTaBKOM zra je HeAOCTaTaK <j>JIOTe3aAP-sao TaMepJIaHa OA aanana Ha BM3aHTHjy. HaJIa3HMo na je Tpe6aJIo nosre-KyTH AO AaHac casyaaax 'Ha3J.{B 6pAa "Cpn-ra:3M" ~QPJICKMrr06eAHMK)':~lJlaIAFlIOOA Aaxape, rAe je aepoaarno KHe3 CTe<j>aH .113BojeBao notiezry,rW:THTelhHCYJIejMaHoBo rroarraxeiee, xao .11Aa je KHe3 CTe<j>aH 6HO parsea:,rQ:IHJI,HKOMnoanaxeisa, a KaKO TO HaBOAH KOHCTaHTHH cP.HJI030<j>K Y JaHK-!lapOBOM'Ka3USaIJobYKJI:l1 TYPCKOj XPOHJ.1QH.20 '

Y TaMep:nalH6BO~ 6Horpa<j>YljYl, 3a'CHOBaHod lHa 'H3'BOpl1IMa, Xapann.(;.tlliCM je Aao OIlHC 6HTKe aa CJIl%(I{OBHT,aJIK pOMaHTM30BaHH Ha'lKH, yaocenx'IIPH TOMe H3BeCHe AeTaJb~ y 060c'rpaHOIl1: MaHeBPY, xoje paHHjM nxcuaHC:y AOBOJbHO.11CTaKJIH.J.1 OBAe cy AaTe nperepaae ja'lMlte nojcaxa. 110-peunro HMe KHe3a Crediaaa yxaayje na 'fIJifcaq HHje R;OPMCTHO6Horpa-~MjyKOHCTaHTHHa cPHJI030<j>a.!!1

•Y Ca>KeTOM0611l1lCYcsora AeJIa ct>epAMHa~A JIOT rrpaBMJIHO KOHCTa-'PV;,," Aa Baja3HT HMje Morao HMaTJ1 jaxy BOjCKY OA OHe KOA liHKOJIOJba, a'raMepJIaH Aa je, BepOBaTHO, 6POjHO 6MO Ha,ll;MohIDtjH. JIOT JIOrpeWHO na-

57Auropcxa 6UTIC~

,

•

••

-----,n F. Lot, L'Art mil itaire et les armes au Moyen age, Paris, 1946, 225-227.23 Nic. Beldiceanu, Les Roumaines a la bataille d' Ankara, Stldost-Forachungen

14. 1955,441-449 .24 'Fl.. MJ1jaToBHli, ~ecnoT 'Bypal} BPSIIKOBM, I, Beorpan, 1888; JJ1pe'leK, l1CTO­

pJ1ja Cpt5a I, npeseo JOB. PaAOHfoIl'I,Beorpan, 1952,336-337; K. Jwpe'C.JeK- JOB. PaAO-1IJoIft,JicTOpJ1ja Cpfia II, Beorpan, 195~,365-366; JicTopl1ja aapona Cl>HPJ I, EeorpaA1953, 515-516; r. OCTP()BCK~I,JicTopl1ja BI13aHTJoIje,Beorpaa, 1959,515-516; JoITA.

• 2. F. Babinger, Die FrUhosmanischen JahrbUcher des Urudsch, Hannover,1925, 32-36.

26 rn. Ene30BJoIft, TYPCluo! );I3B01'11aa JoICTOPl1jyJyrOCl'JlOBeHa,Bparcrao 26,1932, 50-60.

TaMepJIaHOBOMnOXOAY npOTHB OCMaHJI}1ja npeTXOAHO je HH3 xpaa­BHX H CBJ1pen:J1Xparosa, KOjH cy ra YTf:J1HHJlMHe camo HajBehHM MOHrOJl­CKl1MBJIaAapOM, aeh H jeAHJ1MOA aajsehax ocsajaxa Y J1CTOPJ1jTlf.OA 1380.rOAHHe TaMepJIaH paryje y cpezneoj A~HjJ1, Y Ap)l{aBH 3JIaTHe xOPAe (jY)I{­ROj PYCl1jM), OA 1398. rOAHHe Y J1HAHjH, a 3aTHM ocsaja Ilepcxjy H Meco­no-raxxjy, Ha npyroj CTpaHJ1,cYJITaH Baja3HT je 1392. rOAHHe OCBOjJ10CHBac H TOKaT, 1393. rO;D;HHe- Kacroxacy J1AMaCJ1jy, a 3aTTlfMje rroxeoaartanarx jepxeacxor rocnonapa Ep3J1HI,IaHa, xora je Taraepnaa csra-rpaoCBOjJ1MBa3aJIOM. Kana je 1399. I'oAHHe TaMepJIaH xpenyo aa HeMHpHJ1A3ej6ajI,IaH, rne je npOTHB ce6e HMao casea OA TfeTHPH npacase, 6J1ROjeo'iJ1rJIeAHOAa he 360r ofiocrpaaor npomrparsa Y 06JIaCTH roprser Ey<ppaTa~OhH AO para, TaMepJIaHOBa csrryauaja HHje HHMaJlO 6HJIa nOBOJbHa, jep,nopen nenpajarerscxor caseaa, ocenano ce M aenpaja-rerscxo npacarse

.l(o~a'Baju npe 6UT'lCe

THpa 6HTKy ca 21. jYJIOM, YMecTo 28. jYJIOM 1402.22 3aHMMJbHBOje CnOMe_HyTH HajHoBHjy pacrrpaay Nic. Beldiceanu-a 0 yxenrhy PYMYHa y 6~KOA Anrope. YKOJIJo1KOce cxarpa Aa cy aeponocrojnx nOMeHH Brraxa yTypCKHM XpOHHKaMa, OHAa cy TO 1I10rJIH6HTH, npaBHJIHO aaxrsy=ryje ITH­can, OHH xoje je Espeaoc-tier noseo ca CBOjHMcnaxxjaraa xao sojayxe H3BeJIHKe Beraxaje - BJIaWKe.23 HanOCJIeTKY, anropcxa 6MTKa je AaTa yHajKpahHM IJ;pTaMa H y HaWHM CTaHAapAHHM AeJIHMa - HCTOpJ1jaMa_y 06J1MYnOTpe6HOM zta ce BMAHfbeHa no.Be3aHOCT·ca AoralJaj HMa y Cp6J1j)i(H xa BaJIKaHY, KOjJ1cy np0J13HWJIJ1H3 I-beHJ1XnOCJIeA~IJ;a.24

Ilopen xopanrheaax J13BOpaJ1HCTopHjcKe JIHTepaType y HaBeAeHlill\{AeJIJ1Ma,ynoTpe6HJIH Cl\10: 'rypCKor xpoaxsapa YPYI,Ia25 H3 nOJIOBHHeXVaexa, KOjH nopen n03HaTe aepaxje Q rarapcxo] M3AajH Aaje .J1 HeKOJIHKOCJ1'I'HJ1Xnonarasa 0 npOTHBHI1'iKl1M aojcxasra H aaxxay aa KOjH je Baja-'3l1T nao y pyxe Tarapa; )\POHl1J<Y1M3XV aeeea Aurax-naure aaAe, KOjl1je onacao noraha] rrpessa xasasassy YTfeCHHKay 6:J1~.20 HanOCJIeTKY, KO­PHC'fl1JTHCMOCBenOAaTKe 0 OBOMe~oral)ajy KOA KOHCTaHTl1Ha<PHJI030<pa,rrourro cerarpasro na nOTHTfy OA KHe3a Crerpaaa Jlasapeaaaa, Y'ieCHHKa y6HIJ;l1,TIf na 360r TOra npencraarsajy rrpaopaspenay H3BOPHYrpal)y, aa xojyHaJIa3J1MOnOrBPAY y MHOrJ1MOpJ1jeHTaflHHM H ApyrJ1M J13BOp"Ma. Y nope­l)eI-bY ca ApyrHM J1?BOpJ1Ma,rpalja je 60raTa. Ha )I{aJI0C.T,MaJIOje I{OP:J1W­hexa npHJIJ1KOMonnca OBen03HaTe 6.J1TKe.

BOjUOI1CTOpJ1jOKHrJIaCHHK. ,.58

•

I

I

•

•

., cpr

-

,

J

t7 EMCPX81IJoIC, H. A., 65-66.!Ii MCTO,' 55-56.

3a pa3JIJ1Ky on TaTapCKe, 6op6eHH neo TypCKe sojcxe, nopen KOlbH­ue, HMao je y CBOMecaCTaBY H BeJIHKH neo neuranxje. Koa.aua je 6HJIarJIUSHa ynapxa caara y aanany, P;OKje neaianxja (jaaa-rapx) 6HJIa HaM,?­lbeHa 0p;6paHH H aa nonpmxy KOlbHU;H,xaaa ce sa TOyxaxce norpefia.

I

,

Ii

.U",'IC~H ErHnTa, pa'lYHaJIO ce ca xoryhaonrhy YCTaHKa Y YAaJbeHHMeAeJlnMa l1HAHje H KHHe, a aerrpxjarerscxo p;p)KaH>eMOHrOJICKe H qe~e

U:XTeB8JIOje AP)KaH>eY npHnpaSHOCTH 3H.aTHOrnena cxara. HanOCJIeTKY,:Ba' par ~OP;HOce Y BpeMeHY Kap;~ je cYK~6. ca O<:MaHJIl1jaMa6110Bl1We­-Ma~e onrypaH. TIa wnaK, 3aX.BUJbYJyliMCBOJOJreaxjanaocra a nanexocesc­lIHM MepaMa I1 'rrpeP;Bl1ljaH>l1Ma, TaMepJI8H je YC!Ieo p;a y pOKY op; rpxrOAHHe (1399-1402) nOToYHo npeoxpeae Cl1TyaU;HJYY CBOJYKOpHCT.Kl1HaH l1HAHja MHpOBaJIecy, ozr qeTe J1 MOHrOJICKeoP;Y3eToje Bl1We MeCTa (rraje jep;aH p;eo aojcxe spahea y peaepsy), Karrsax ce npenao, 1400. ronaae3aY3eT je CHBac (n'pH 'ieMY je nocana rapnasoaa ca 'HajcTapHjHM Bajaax­TOBmt CHHOMEPTyrPYJIOM nocexeaa) H rroTYReHH cY ErHIThaHH H Capajanpera:meHa, 5. jaeryapa 1401. nOTY'ieH je CHlPHjCKHcyJITaH rrozr 3HWUIaMa,D;aMacKa, l1PSK, 'iJIaH xeraopacr caseaa, TaKolje je nOTY'leI:I, Barnan je3aY3eT 10. [yna 1401, a 3aTHM rropyurea H cnazsea, 'BypljHjaHl.\H cy rrory­'1eHHH HallleTHYT HIlI je \lI;aHaKon AP2Kase Kapa-Jycycpa H on J(Hja6eKMpa.l1 OKOJIHHXBHJIsjeTa 06pa30BsHa je P;P)KUBSH nara Kapa-Ocsraay, KOjH jeca CBOjHMCHsrUMa6l1o y 'I'axepnanoaoj CJIY)K611.27

Ocehajyhx p;a je par rrpOTHB OCMaHJIHja xenonynapaa, TaMepJIaHje OKJIeBaOH op;yrOBJIa'IHO, cnao nOCJIaHCTBaBaja3HTY, JIaCKaOIICYH MO­JIHOaa MHP, CBe C U;HJbeIVIna p;o6Hje spexeaa na par nonynapxnre Y peno­BHMa csoje sojcxe. Hxje 3a60paBHO HH Kapa-Tarape y Baja3HTQBoj 3eM­JbI1,KojHMa je CJIaoMHcHje I1 nopyxe na 611HX npasyxao xa CBOjy crpaay.

Ha p;pyroj crpaaa, Baja3HT je noxeo na rrpourxpyje CBOjy npacasyy AHap;OJIH)H (MaJIo) A3HjH), ocaajajyhx cemry-nce K'He)KeBHHe, 'lHjlH cyce anaztapn CKJIOHHJIHKOp; 'I'asrepnaaa. 3a spexe TaMepJIaHOBOr noxonaaa Cl1PH)Y, MHor06pojHe 'lHlbeHHu:e cy yrxnane Te Baja3HT HHje Moraonpenyaera HHKaKaB noxon BaH rpaaxua csoje npacase. HaMeCTOTora, aa­rrao je H nOTYKao TaXHpTeHa, TaMepJIaHOBOr Ba38JIa, aayaeo TBpljaBY Ep-3HHI,IaH H yrrpasy HaA lberOBOM AP)KaBOM npenao aajnpe y PYKe Kapa­·-Jycycpa, a 3aTIHM, nocpeaoaareea CYJITUHaAmleAa UeJIUl1:pa, apaoao je'I'axapreay .28

KUAa ce '1yJIO p;a he TaMepJIaH HanaCTH OCMaHJIHjcKYAP:>KaBY,Ba-1a3I!1'r je nOCJIao TaMepJIaHY nxcxo, npaaaaaajyha My cnoc06HOCT aa roc­nop;CTBOCBeTOMI1 ofiehaaajyhn My p;a y6yp;yfie aehe 6HTH I-U1KUI{BHXHec­rropaayxa. Me}jYTJ1M, Taxepnan je YBeK HaJIa3HO aaxaa na nOCTaBJbaraxae YCJIOBeKOjH cy l\iOpaJIHp;OBecTHP;O para.

3l1My 1401/1402. 1'0p;I1He.TaMepJIaH je nposeo y Kapa6ary, a Y. rrpo-.nehe 1402. ronaae xpexyo je npexo Ep3HHI,IaHa aa CHBac. .

59

,

,

-•

.to Ene30Bwh, TYPCKU 113BOPI1,H. A., 34,30 Alexandrescu-Dersca, 11: A.,73-74.31 JaHl1'IapOSe ycrtoeseae I1n~1TypCKa xpomm:a, npeaeo 'B. KHe)KeSKh, COl>­

~{emm: CARY CVIl, 1959, 66-67.32 EJle30BMh, TYPCKI1 W3BOPI1,n, A., 59-60, ..33 H: Schiltberger, Reisebuch, Tubingen, 1885,24. »Und ieh wardt von demo

Themurlin gefangen und wardt mit im gefiiret in sein Land; und dornach pleye ichpei dem ),'hemurlin und reytt mit ime.

31 Mn. Pyaapaa, CTeq,aH JIa3apeSI11i aa ncaparxy 113Aarope y Cp6wjy, 36op­IUIK Mn. Pyaapua, Beorpan, 1934, 80.

Jesrpo KOHiML\e 'Il1!HMJIe cy crraxxje M cpeYAaJIL\M-TJiMapImIU1, KOjKcy no CBOjOj M3Be2KGaHocTMfut.nM BeOMa CJIM'IHlMeBpOJJOKM;MBHTe3'OBMMa,MJIM KOA Hac 6awTffilM'lKoj BOjCqM. 110 Y·pyv.y, Eaja3MToBY BDjCKY cy 'U:I­HMJIM:aKW:HI,lMje,urapaxopa, BJIaWKe sojcxe 3ajeAHD· ca BDjCKDM cprrcKDM.2!1'(YPY71- oosaja sojC1(Y JIa3a (no 1(He3Y JIa3apy) 00 cpncxe 80jC1(e, 3aTU.M.6p1(a U sose je Ha CTp. 35 B./l,1( O~./l,U, ce.M. cxo He .M.UC./l,U'H.a BY1(D8e CU'H.OBe,.UTO. ITo Hatue.M. .M.UtuJbe1OY, y nUTa1bY je Ca.M.O jeona BojC1(a, Tj. cpncxe-sojc~, odHOC'H.Oooped 1t"e3a CTec/Jaua.) \

HaDpY}KaHa ca6JbaMa, KDJJJbJifMaM nananasra (6Y3ADBaHJifMaM TOrry-3MMa), 3QTJifMMaJIMM WTJifTDBMMa,M, yrJIaBHoM} JIaKfitM DKJIDrrMMa, aa Jif3-'AP}KJbMBMM M XMTpMM KDlbMMa, rypcxa KDlbJi1L\a[e 6J.1JIa BeDMa noxper­Jb~Ba M nDrDAHa aa MaHeBpDBai-be. 3a pa3JIMKy DA esponcxe, HapD'IMTD'TeIIIKD DKJIDrrJbeHe, TypcKa KDlbJ.1L\aje 6MJIa CJIa6Mje ynapae J1 rrp060jHE!­MDfiJ.i, IIITD ce Haj6DJbe SJ1AeJIDY aanamoaa KOlbJi1L\eCrerpaaa Jlaaapeaaha,xoja '[e 6J1.naaaopyxcaaa no ,,3arraAHDM" D6pacL\Y, na [e KaD TaKBa ycrre­BaJIa Aa ce npofisrje KpD3 penose Ml-IDTDHaAMDfiIllijer aenpxjarezsa y aarop­CKDj 6l1L\Ji1.ITo M: M. AJIeKCaHApecKy-.l(epcKa, Orerpaaos DAPeA [e J1MaOM BaTpeHO opYJKje.30 Y KDHTJ1HreHTY cpncxe sojcxe, y3 KHe3a Crerpaaa,HaJIa3J1JIJ1cy ce: 6paT My BYK w: CeCTp,J1B.J1I'pryp J1 'Bypalj EpaHKDBJ4B..

OHD nrro cy Y JJorJIeAY yse}K6al-fDCTfit fit cnpesse 6MJIe cnaxxje y KQ-·l-bML\M,1''0, cy jaHM'1apM 6M.irM y neuraznrjx, aJIM ca MHDrO ja'lDM 6QPpeHDMAMCL\MnJIJ1HDMM cpaHaTJ13MDM. JalD1'iapc~a oneaa je 6J1JIa jeAHocTaSHa:ID.laJIJi1cy BMCOKeKane, xanoore AO KQJIeHa, HfitCYHOCMJIJifAe<PaH3Ji1BHO0PY­}Kje, a DA aarrazmor cY MMaJIMJIyK TIlTo6QJIaL\ ca CTpeJIaMa, 3aTMM ca6Jbe wnyre noaceae - jararaae TIlxamrape. MaKD cy 6UJIM, aaopyxcaaa sa 6QpGyaa AaJbMHY, lbMXOBa rJIaBH.a HaMeHa je 6J.1JIasa Gop6y JJPca y npca.

lIITO ce TTII'1eHajaMIDlKa y E8!ja3MTOSQj sDjOL\U, YKOJIMitO xx je yon-.nrre OUJIO, He MD}Ke ce 'BJfillTa oApeljeHl-fje Ka3aTM. Anras-naura sane UAPYTM TypCJrn 113BOPMJif3pJ1'lMTQrosope na je Bajaaar-xaa M3seo M CUJIax­urope, !I1DJaIm'lapoBQM Ka3M1SaJbY"wapaXQpM",31 (IHajBepDBanmje aajaes­HJifL\M),U3 PYMeJIMje, xao 11~a l{X je 'OHrrpnx TIyT DAaTJIe no-reo M3S0AUTu.a2J.13 llil1JITGeprepoSDr Ka3MSalbQ BMMMO zra je DH, KaD TypCKJ1 3apoGJbeHMKKDA HJi1KonOJba (1396), yaer Y DCI\laHJIMjcKY sDjCKY M Aa c~ KaD raxaa 60-PMO nporas Taxepnaaa M HanOCJIeTKY rrDHOSO6MO 3apD6JbeH xao TypCKJ1:6Qpa~.33 Ha zrpyroj CTpaHM ca3'HajeMo na je M Ilaerpo JIYHro 6MD TaKQi)epy Baja3MTOSQj BOjCL\U.34BpJIQ je sepoaarao na QSQHMCY 6MJIM ycaMJbeHUcnyxajeax, ITa ce MD}Ke npeTrrOCTaSI1TU Aa cy y OCMaHJIujcKoj BOjCL\U, yse­CTBDBaJIU M HajaI\1HJ.1L\JifM3 pa3HJ1X aanaznorx xpajesa, UJIJif, KaKO xaaceAnrxx-nanra sane, Jif'3"PYMeJIMje". I

t

,•BOjHOWC1'OpJtjCKI1rnaCHWK60

•

I•

•II

•

35_Alexandrescu-Dersea, H. JI.. 125;SI1A": M. Sanudo, Le Jeune, Vitae DuchumVenetorum (1421-1493); Muratori, XXII.

31 Gonzales de Klavijo, H. ~., 342--343.

•

,

Bop6eHH pacnopen ocxaanajcxe nojcxe caerojao ce O~ nearpa (cajaHJ1'{8pHMa xao jearpost) H KpHn8 (KOthH~a). 06JIHK 6op6eHor pacnopena6JlIDKMO ce rtonysteceny S8TO WTO ce TemHJlO na ce KpHJllUll\1 aanamosa'HenpHjaTeJb noxonetia. Kana 6H ce OCMaHJIHje aamne npen ja'lHM H O<paH-3HBHHjHM aenpnjarersex, npH6eraBaJIH cy o~6paHH CBe ~OK ra He 6l1:OA6MJIJ1,a 3aTHM 6M npeJla3HJIM y nporaaaanan, xao WTO je 6HO cnyxa] aaKOCOBY (1389), a HapOql1:TOKO~ HHKOnOJba (1396). Ilopen ypobeae xpa6po­,CTl1:l1: <paHaTH3Ma, ocxaanajcsa sojcxa ce o~nHKOBana H BenHKOM Map­.ureBCKOM ~,HC~nnJ1HOM, xoja ce HapO':tJ1TO orneaana Y HeqyjHMM no­KpeTHMa.

,D:OKje oCMaHnHjel{8 aojcxa no csojoj onpesor, HaopY>K8IPY J.{ cac­TaBY HMaaIa l\'IaJbe-BHWe CBe O,l{JlHKeOH~alIlH>HX BOJcaKa aa 3anany , ~OTneje rarapcxa nojcxa, cacraszseaa O~ KOl:b~e, 6e3 y06H'iajeHl1x BenH}U1Xxosropa, MMana cse oc06HHe IIHOMa~CKe" sojcxe, xoja je 6MJIa aenpecraaoy nOKpeTY, ocsajaiey, paaaparsy H nJba'iKal:bY. Ilocrojao je y TaTapcKojBOjCU;HH [enaa neo nenramrje, KOjH je 6HO YBe:lK6aH na ce no DOTpe6HaiHra>Kyje xao KOHiHu;a. Haopyxcarse ('J1 o6yqeHOCT) 1l0'jcKe 6HJlO je CJl-a6J1jeon OCMaHJIHjcKe. 'YonWTe je Bna~aJIO Ml!1WJbel:be~a cy Tarapx 611JlHcnafioHaopymaHM. TaKO H Kopaapo 'BoBaHH (Cornaro Giovanni) y CBOMH3Be­nrrajy Q~ 4. cenTeM6pa 1402. Mneraxxoj Peny6nH~11 K8>Ke ,l{a cy BOjH~JrMaJlH csera no 4 CTpeJIe ca ,,)I{anOC'HHMJlYKOBHM8", 6e3 ca6aJba.35 360rrora [e-H rseaa 'noKpeTJbMBOCTnpeBM3Hna311,n8 CBe OCTaJIesojcxe ca. KO­jH_Maje paroaana, CaCTaBJbeHa, yrJIaBHOM, on Tarapa-Moaroaa, npencras­zsana je xosroreay H noyanaay BOjCKY aa xojy je TaMepJIaH Morao YBeKpasyaarx. 3axBaJbyjyhH HapO.l{HOM sacnararey, WTO ce HCnOJb8B8JIOY~06POM [axarsy, ral)alby H cexx, ~06Hjao ce npBOKJIaCIDI: 6op6eHM MaTe­pxjan. IIpHMeHa YTBpljHB81b8 H MHor06pojHe oncane jl:\KHX yTBpl)elba ~O­npHHeJIM cY YBelK6aHOCTM Taseepnaaoae sojcxe y pa3HJ1M <P0pTH<pHKa­.QHjCKI%IlMpa~OBJ1l\fa- YTBp})MBalbY, MHHMpalby H CaBJI8ljl1:BalbY'IlBpl)aBcKHX{je~eM8 J1T~. 360r parosaa,a no 6e3BO~M npenenaxa nocefara naJKl:barrocaehxsaaa je 6YHapl,IHjaMa. rJIaBHO MH,l{MBM):{yaJIHOaaopyacasse caCTO­[ano ce on JIya<aca crpenox, cafiarsa H tMa'ieBa. Ilopen TOra CJIymMnH cy ce'KOnJbHMa, cexapaxa, naJIH~aM8 (6YS,l{OBaHHMaH TonY3HMa) H nHjY~HMa.3a caBnal)MBaH,e BeJIHKl1X .pexa H oncany TBpl)aBa ynoTpe6Jb8BaJIH cypasae MOCTOBeH orrcazrae eJIeMeRTe.

Ilpesra xaaaaassy I'onsaneca ,l{e KnaBHXa, sojcxa H~e YBel{ H csynaca uapess. Ilozterseaa je aa ie~HHHu;e O',l{CTC, xuJbaey H ,l{eceT X1J1Jba,l{a,n<?~ KOMaH~OMonroaapajynxx xoxaanaaara-xerrereaa, a CBM cxyna non1(;OM8H)r?:Mje.l{Hor rnasnor xanerana, I~Oj'Jice ssae Jaxua MHpam8 (JanzaMirassa). OBoMe qOBeKY uap je nonapao MHoro 3e1<lJbeM o6acyo ra MHO­rMM MMJIOCTHMa.36

Ilpaxyrrzsanse 'I'aeaepnaxoae sojcxe 06M'iHO je spuieao OKO je~Hornexrpa, KOjM he nOCJIY)l{MTMxao onepauajcxa 6a3a aa nOJIa3aK Ha aerrpx­[arersa, TaKBY ynory je MMao Te6pH3 y nOXO,l{l1Maaa KaBKa3, Alia,l{oJIMjy,

•

61Aaropcsa OI1TKa

\I\

••

•

•

,

,

,

...I

,•

37 EMepXaJll1C, H. A., 23.38 Ji!CTO, 22.30 Roloff, R. A., 249-250. .40 Lamb, H. }1,., 226; EMepXaJllfc,- H. A., 72-74.

TIOWTOce npxxyrrana rrOJIOBHHOM[yaa KO,l{Bpyce 11J13l\lJ.1pHe,oc­MaHJIMjcKa aojcxa je npenysena noxper xa I1C/OKY11xpajere I1CTor Meceu;ay6MBaKoBaJla ceoOKOAarope, KHe3 CTecPaH, KOjl1 ce c 6paTOM BYKOM no­qeTKOl\l Mece~a cnpesrao aa nOKp~T y MaJlY A311jy, aajsepoaaraxje jecrarao y npezteo Bpyce npe Bajaawroaor rroxpera xa I1CTOK11Ty ce rrpn­KJbyqMO OCTaJlMMrpynasra, ca KOjHMa je aajnepoaartraje rrpO,l{Y>K110aaAxropy. Ha BeCT na je TaMepJlalHOBa sojcxa y rrpezteny C11BacaH ,l{a Ha­MepaBa KpeHyTI1 y rrpasuy TOKaTa, Baja3HT ce oztnyxao na xpeae y TOl\lnpasny, c U;HJbeM,l{a xarepa aerrpxjarersa ,l{a ra aanaznre y rrJlaH11HCKI1Mnpe,l{eJlI1Ma, KOjl1 cy aa OCMaHJll1je nOBOJbHl1jl1,C 06311POMna J1Mje aeJlI1Kzteo aoicxe t.t11HJ1J1anenranaja, xao J1 na rrOWTeAJ13eMJbY on MOHrOJlCKOrrrycrouressa. ,l1;a611noxper 6.MOWTO 6p>Ke 1J13'Be,l{eH,Baja311T je OCTaBHOyAnropa CyB11WHyKOMOPY11,l{OrrYHcKe,l{eJlOBe.40

TIo npenasy pexe K.M311J1·J1pMaKa, noxerxowr jyrra, Baja3MT je y06JIaCT11TOKaTa .MAMacMje 3aTBopMO CBe npasue aanazrao 11cesepao onCI1Baca. .Ilopen 6e36e,l{HOCTI1,rpyrracarse 11pacnopen caara aa OBOMIiJIa­HJ1HCKOl\I3eJ\IJb11WTYnpY>KaJl.J1cy J\1oryhHocT11MaHeBpa y npaany AOJlI1Hepexe KH3J1J1J1pMaKa. TIo npHKyrrJbeHHM nO,l{aIJ;JWia0 aenpxjarersy, Ta­MepJlaH ,l{OHOCI1oanyxy ,l{a.He aarranae He~.pMjaTeJba aa nJlaHJ1~CKOM3eM­JbJ1lI1Ty,HerrOrO,l{HOMaa ,l{eJCTBOn-eroae BO]CKe - KOlbMu;e, rra je aapenaona sojcxa xpeae xa jyry y rrpaany Kajsepaja, a 3aTJ1Mxa aanazry, ,l{OJII1-HOM pexe KM3MJI J1pMaKa xa Aaropa. Hacrynarsea xa AHrOpJ1 aenpaja­TeJb he 6J1.'I'HnpMHyl)eH na Hac aarrazrae, xaxce 'I'avrepnair, RaKO 6J1.cnpe-

,

•060CTpa'KO 'KacTyna'lbe

(Cxana 1)

ErnnaT n Ha MpaI{.37 Kana 6n ce npHWJlO xenpxjarersy aa ~Ba-TPJil ztaaal\'[apwa, sojcxa 6n ce nonenana aa HeKOJlHKO rpyna, xoje 6Jil ce xperaneO,l{BojeHJilMnpaamrxa BeJlHKOM6P3JilHOM,TaKO ,l{a ce aenpnjarersy He 61ifziana MoryliHocT ,l{a ce nparrpexa aa O,l{6paHY.Tajna TaMepJlaHOBOr ycnexaJle~aJla je y 6p3HHJil noxpera, 3aTJilM Y BeWTOM npaxpaaassy HaMepe 11,HanOCJleTKY, y TaMepJlaHOBOM ayroparery n CJlaBH, xoja je 6HJI.axyseaa.aananexo H YJIHBaJIa nepy y lberOBY HerIo6e,l{)ilIBOCT.38'DaMepJIaH. jeOTnpHJlJ1Key HCTOspeae npojaxao ApMeHHjy, rrOHOBOsayaeo Ep3HI,IaH,3aTHM oxpeayo xa Cxaacy, rne je y TOKY jyaa noropoaao. Oane je ,l{03HaO,l{a je aenpxiarers CTHraOno TOKaTa, KaKO caomnraaa Illepacperxa Anaja,H,l{a ce je ,l{OMOraOrrpeaasa aa pe~H T03aMJIYf.M'3Mel)y peKe'KH3HJI MpMaKaH T03aMnH neacao je UIyMOBHTH.H TeWKO npxcrynaxaa rrrraro .. CHJlHIif"rOCnO,l{apH" 6HJlH cy 06aBelliTeHYf 0 Mel)yco6HHl\'l ncxperroaa: 'jOW je,l{HOi\'[·cy nOKywaJIH ,l{a ce crropaayxejy, amr Y3aJIY,l{.Tana Baja3HT aacraarsa caH3Bol)elbel\1 CBOra nnaaa ,l{a ce cYKo6H ca TaMepJIaHOM, anx osaj je H36e-rao cYKo6, rr03HaTJilMMaHeBpOMYHa3a,l{.39 .

BOjROKCTOpJ1jOKIf rJlaCIDIK62

•

I,\

40 I(oHcTaH'I'I1H<Pl1n030<p,H. ,!I., 295.

\.. Lamb, H. .II., 225.42 li1CTO, 226.43 EMepXaJUIC,H. ,!I., 75-80.•• li1CTO, 81 H 86,'Han. 74.0'· G. Hammel', Storia dell' Impero Osmano III, rrpeaeo: Sam.·Romano, Vene-

1829, 97.zia ,

r

•

•

•

•'{MO nJbaqKali>e n yHnwTaBali>e 'KOlVle6n 6no n3JIO>KeH HaWl'1M nponapa-lbeM. y cpne ~a,ll;OJIl'1jeo CeM ~ra, 0~J1M BeJIl'1KJ1MMaliespOM 6nhe l'1CLt~­nJbeHa Henpl'1JaTeJbCKa neuranxja, KOJa KHa'ie caxarsaaa BeJTJ11Gfneo BOl-

• CKe.41 HeaepOBaTHO ca KaKSOM otiaspaaouray n C1YIeJIowhy je TaMepJIaHl'13Beo osaj l\IaHeBap. 3a spewe 60qHOl' rroxpera He casso ~a je npeztyaeo.CBe Mepe npe,ll;OCTpO>KHOCTI1l'1 6e36e,ll;HOCTI1y npasuy aerrpxjaren.a, Benje n rryr Aarope nOCJIao jaxe nperxonamte, Ka.KO 6n IlITO npe OBJIa,ll;aOBaja3J1TOBOM onepanajcaox OCHOBMQOM._ITo ,ll;OJIaCKYy Aaropy O,ll;Max jel'13BpWeHO orrxorsaaatse aaropcxe TBpl)aBe ca CBKX crpaaa. 'I'asreprran jeCTMraOJ13Kapnrexapa rpener ,ll;aHa l\1apllIa 11 nOCTa~110je' IlITa6 nCTO~HOon Aarope, a cesepao on naaannse >KeJTe3HKt.{KeCTaH~e. OBI1l\! 3aAl1B­JbyjyhJ1M MaHeBpOM TaMepJIaI'I ce no....enao Baja311ToBe fiase, a Tl'1Me 1'1:.naxmer OHa6,ll;eBalba. MaHeBapCKO 3el'.fJbKWTe KOjJ1M . je OBJIa,ll;a'Oossory­nMJIOMy je ycrrenray yrtonpetiy lberOBI1X caara, Tj. KOlbI1Lte. ITo X. JIe1YlY,rarapcxa sojcxa ce HaSO,ll;HOYJIoropMJIa y OCM8HJIl'1jCKMMwaTopnMa.42Ilonrro je Jaxyn-fier 0,ll;6110na npena TBpl}aBY, npenyaer je rJIaBIDl nananaa CeBepO))(CTo....Hn neo Tspl)ase . .}KecTOKJIIaanazra 6))(JIl'1cy 0,ll;6I1jeHI1 [yaa­....KOM 0,ll;6paHOM Jaxyrr-fiera. YnpaBO xana je TaMepJIaH, ))(3Mel)y OCTaJIl'1XMepa, x'reo ,ll;a cxpeae TOI{ pexe Beanepe, n3' xoje je TBpl}aBa ,ll;06MjaJIasozty, M3B))(,ll;HI1t.IKaozrersersa cy [aaana 0 Baja3l'1TOBOM ,ll;OJIacKy.43JiI3He­Ha,ll;Ha rtojasa Bajasxra C npasua ca xora ce H.l1je o....eiorsao, aarepana [e'I'arsepnaaa ,ll;a ,ll;MrHe oncany. ITomTO je M3jaxao xcnpea sojcxe M npemaopexy Bennepy, aaycraano ce l'1, no 06l1'1ajy, 113BPWI10 CMOTPY sojcxe aoaaa aapeznso na OTnO'iHe ca YTBpl)IilBaH>eM nOJIO)Kaja aa y,ll;aJbelbY on OKO12 Kl1JIOMeTapa O,ll;aenpajarersa. Y CBOjl1MMeMOapl1Ma TaMepJIaH je non­nyxao Baja3l1ToBY 6p3l'1Hy.44

.D:a 6l'1 ce ,ll;0611JIasepaaja CJII1Ka osor BeJIKKOr MaHeBpa, HanOMI1-lbeMO na je C))(BaCy,ll;aJbeH O,ll;Anrope 450 p..o500 KM ))( ,ll;a cy 06e nojcxenpOJIa3))(JIe Kp03 npezrene ocxynae BO,ll;OM.ITo Xaxepy, TaMepJIaH je npo­aeo 12 naaa aa MapllIY, WTO 3Ha....11,ll;a je npocexao ~eBHo npeJIa3110 OKO40 KM.4•

3aHI1MJh))(BOje na osa] MaHeBap nOMl1lbe KOHcTaHTnH <PMJI030CPaacnenehx Ha'iMH: "A .D:eMl1p (TaMepJIaH) yije y 3eMJbY ))( CTa,ll;enJha'iKaTH.Bajaaxr nojypx xa lb, MMMoMl)e ra HexOTMLte, aJIM ce C I'bl'1MeHal)e M y,ll;ap))(xa AHrOpl'1."46 AKO ce KMa y BH,ll;y na je OBOIIMCaHOno Ka3MBaH>YnecnoraCrerpaaa, oana je Ot.Il'1rJIe,ll;HOna je TaMepJTaH l'13MaHeBpMcao Baja311Taxazra je xpeayo npexo Kajaepxja aa Aaropy, OHaKOMCTOxao WTO je Ba­jaasrr M3HeHa,ll;JllOTajaepnaaa M aarepao ra na ce 6Mje ca aaropcxoer TBpl}a­BOM 38 JIel}l'1Ma (l'1CTMCJIy....aj y 6MLtM KO,ll;HMKOnOJha 1396). Kana je Ta­MepJIaH xyo ,ll;a cy TYPLtIil KpeHyJIM xa MCTOK,xaxce rOH3aJIeC ne KJIaBMxo,

63IAHropcKa 6HTKa

•

•

\

•

•

I

.'7 Gonzales de Klavijo, H. .A.,146-147.

I

narrycrao je rrpBo6J1THMnpasau xacrynas,a rra je rrOCJIeOCMO~HeBHorno­xpera rro IIJIaIDtHaMa lfl'OpaMa M36MOxa IIPB06lfTID1 rryr aa Aaropy. lJYBWMp;a je TaMepJIaH aarrycrxo paHMjJ.1npasan aacryrrarsa, Baja3MT je, xaxceKJIaBMXO, MlfCJIMOp;a TaMepJIaH 6e>K))(,rra '[e jow same noacypao na ce CIi>))(McyKo6J.1.47

•

•CK~a 1 - BUTKa RO.AAHrope (ITo /1.eny EMepxanHca, BUTKa KOp':AHKape)

-

,

•(

.(j!/6!:f I(

64 BOjHOJ-lC'I'OP~OKI1rnacaaa

\

•

I

..

.,

•

,5 BOj_HOr.tCTOPr.tjCltHfnaCRMK

•.. Babinger, Urudsch, H. A., 34.40 Gonzales de Klavijo, H. A., 147.l50 Ene30Bl1h, TypcKH 113BOPH,R. A., 60, Han. 2.51 Babinger, Urudsch, a: A., 31.52MCTO,33; Ene30BI1H, Hew,PHja, H. A., 82 1183.63 EMcpxanHC, H. A., 103, Han. 86.&I Ene30BHli, Heuipxja, H. ,!{.ss Ene30Br.tli, Hewpl1ja, H. )(.6D MCTO,TypCKH M3BOPJtl,H. A., 60.

Anuoc-nanra 3a~e M y.pyI,l roaope ~a ce TaMepJIaH OMecTMO'Ha AH­ropcxo norse y -reraprax, ~OK aa Bajaaara npaa KlUKe ~a je "cjaxaoC KOH>a" OKO MIDmAMje50 ('!Caa ce 05asJba -rpena UCJl.a.ALc'!Ca./tOJl.ttTSa, O'!CO16 1iacosa)-, a APyrM y nerax yjyTpO.61 BMlIIe CMOCKJIOHMzta YCBOjMMOxereprax, fIIOlIITO If Heurpzja rosopx zra cy ce 06e 'Boj'cKe nO'C.T8'BMJleje,n;Haaacrrpasr npyre y 'i'eTBpTaK - OCMaHJIMjcKa aojcxa xa 6e3Bo~HoM 3eMJbM­lIITY, a MOHl'OJlCKaaa 6apoBMToM. Ilpen <pPOHTOl\'[ TaMepJIaHOBe aojcxe6MO je, no H>erOBOMHapeljeH>Y, HCKOnaH pOB,S! a yaanpen cy 6HJIM xcry­peax jaKM ,n;eJIOBMca 3a~aTKOM na npxce 3ay3eTM TepeH M na aarane xecxey OKOJlMHM,KaKO MX aenpajarers He 6M Morao KOPHCTMTM.53 CeM MaH>MXxapxx. M3BMlja';lKMX M rrpeztcrpaacapcxax ,n;eJIOBa,06e aojcxe cy, yrJIaBHOM,' I

npcsene Hoh Y MMPY. Y rrerax paao yjYTPO o6e aojcxe cy OTKJIaH>aJIeaa­Ma3, nOTOM je Baja3MT pa3BMO CBOjy BOjCKy.54 TIPMPO,n;HO,n;aje Taxepnaa,KOjH ce HaJIa3MO rra 6apoBMToM 3eMJbMwTY, KaKO xaace Henipxja, Mopao,n;aaarrycrx norop KaKO 6M oxorynxo CBOjOj BOjCQM,n;anpehe y aanaa, TIoHeurpxja, H Baja3MT je rrocne HhMH,n;Mjeaayseo rroronao MeCTO,lIITO 3Ha'lM~a je 1MOR' 'lil3BPl.IliM0, xajaepoearaxje, rroieper yHanpe,n;. TIo 3aBplIIeUMi\'[nOKpeTMMa 06e aojcxe ce nOCTaBMwe jeznra nacnpax zrpyre y nerax paaoM3jY'Ppa.G5TIo AillIMK-JIalIIM cane y nera« ICy o6e aojcxe MHPHO IIlpOBeJIe,n;aHH "OTKJIaH>aJle" cJlY>K6y o~ nerxa; cYJlTaH Baja3MT je aapenxo zta cepaaaxjy 6apjal(J1, 3aTMM aanyname 6y6H>eBM HT~.56 Ma KOJIMKOna M3pM­'iR0 CTOjM~a cy 06e soicxe MMpHOnpOBeJle ,!:IaH- nerax - xnax M3 oaoralIITO CJle~M ,n;a ce- 3aKJbY'lMTM ~a je 6MTKa orrroxerra 6alII y nerax nOCJIeOTKJlaH>aHOrHaMa3a. ' ,

C 063MtpOM~ ce Bajaaxrosa sojcxa cacrojana oli. KOH>MQeM neura­~e - jaHM'iapa, H 6M'ra'iHM pacnopen je Mopao 6MTM TaKO KOM6MHOBaH,ll,a 06e36e,ll,MWTO ycneuraxja canejcrso M MaHeBap xpxna ca: QeHTpOM. Ha~eCHOMM ~eBOM KPMJly 6MJla je pacnopeheaa KO~MQa, a y uexrpy nema­AMja. TIo YCTaJbeHOM06M'iajy, xazta ce par BO,ll,MOy AHa~OJlMjM, aHa,ll,OJlMj_1CKe Tpyne cy 6MJle pacnopeaeae na ,n;eCHOMKPMJlY, a xa JleBOM pYMeJlMj­CKe, M q6pHYTO, rra je xajaepoaaraaje Ta'KO 6MJIO'lil Y OBOj 6MQM, C aano-

Bop6eHU pacnopeo(CKMl(a 2 M 3)

360r 6p3MHe xojoer je Baja3MT M3BplIIMO osaj noxper, YpyI,l xazse~a My je aojcxa [axo OCJIa6MJIaM na joj je aaaeceao MHoro mTeTe.48 DBOce CJIa:m::eC OHMMIIITO xaace rOH3aJleC ~e KJlaBr-iXO, Tj. ~a je Bajaaaroaaaojcxa H3HeMOrJla 360r OBaKBor nOKpeTa.49

- 65Aaropexa 611TKa

•

\

•

•

-

\

,•

. ,

• CIGIl.\a2 - Bop6eH'" nopenax Bajaareroae nojcxe (ITo lI.e;rryEMepXaJllfCa,B"'TKa KOlI.Anaape)

,•

,-r

,\

onUJfA PE3EPBA•

CPPCI<i/ KO,.V/lt1

.

I~- I

•

•

1((MIO"9##' $«""'" crE8.1HIII(JAPEllllli•

UEHTAP'llECHQ KP~1l0

I

8PX08HH I(OI.1AH.IlAHT6AJA~UT MY~E8UTW

flp~H'I MYC8 'IeAe!t!}1l •A!itcrvtDlJ'It!nefJ'!}8He.? f(eAe6'!iaAAII fl8w8TUMyprIJUI naUlIIAlyp8 r n~UI<!1

J

Ko_~Nr MHPJl8£T rC8CPNK

I~

I~

JIEBO KP~JtO

-I

\

66 BOjHOHCTOPI'l.iCKH rJlaCHIfi(=-------;---....:....:.._. ,_._:_~---------- ...

•

,•

•

.,- - .

I

57 Mexandrescu-Dersca, H, ,1(" 73-74.,58 Lamb, IH. ~., 228.59 Hammer; H. ,1(., 9'9..,...100.-60 EMepXaJUIC, H. ,l(., 103.

'1'61 Roloff, H. ,l(., 259-260.

,MaKO' MeMa nonaraxa 0' TO'MeKaKO' ce paasxjao xanazt, 'J1naK heMO'nO'KywaTJ1 zta ra aa O'CHO'ByYTBpljeHJ1X QMJ-beHJ1u;aK YCBO'jeHJ1Xnperno­CTaBKM, KO'JI:1i1KO·je TO' Moryhe, onKIIIeMO. 3a nO'JIa3HY Ta'iKY Y3eheMO nacy TaMepJIaH K Baja3J1T 6Y1JrKYJIO'rO'peHJi1.aa O'KO'12 KM O'~CTO'jaH:.a[enanO'~~pyror (3 q,epcaTa), 3aTKl\~ na je O'KO"TaTapCKO'~JIO'rO'paqKJIa' nO'~J1rHyTa

I: .. I/\To'IC uanaoci

I

,

:

,

\

•

MeHO'M na je ~eCHJi1M.KlpJi1JIOMKO'MaH}:tOSaOKHe3 Crecpaa JIa3apesJrli,67a CYJIejMaH qeJIe1>Ji1jaBasja3Ji1TO'S:Ji1M.JIeSJi1MKpJi1JIO'M.ITO' Xa!'1~p,y 0.~aHce Ha(JlaG:1i1O'!Ha JIeBO'M KP:1i1JIY,aJI:1i1oe naaac y HaylU1 YCSO'Je"Ho~a je ORKO'MaH~osao ~eCH:1i1MKPMJIO'M. ITO' Xarsepy :1i1X. JIeM CTaB:Jba!Ha ~ecHO'KPMJIO'CYJIejMaHa.58 Y ~eHTpy .cy ce HaJIa3MJIM jaaaxapx .nozt KO'MaH~OMxacea-ere. y ~pyrO'~1 6O'p5eHO'M pezty, aa ~ecHO'M KP;:1i1JIy,~aJIa3:1i1JIacecpncxa, a' aa JIeSO'Mxapararapcxa .RO'~K'u;a rrozt KO'MaH~OMMJi1.p:1i1seTaTe-6epMKa, }:tOKcy Y U;eHTPY,non HenO'CpeAHO'MBaja3MTO'SO'M'KOMa~OM, 6:1i1JIecnaxxje ~ CMJIaKCO'P:1i1.OITIllTO'M peaepeox KO'MaH~O'BaOje M~XMe}:t\ qeJIe-6Mja. ITO' XaJIJ{aKOH~MJIy, aa JIeBO'M'KPMJIy' ce HaJIa3J1O'fjerJIep6er' 'A3Kje(A'Ha~O'JIMje), a aa ~eCHO'M PYMeJiJiije (Eapone). ,ITO'~ CBO'jOM KOMa!H~O'MBaja3MT [e aanpxcao [amrsape a neo rapne.

3a 1'>a3JIMKYO'~ Baja3KTOBO'r, TaTapCK:1i16op6eHM pacrropen je, 36O'rKOI'q'Kq'KO'rcacrasa sojcxe, 6:1i1O'eJIaCTM':IH:1i1jKK W'Ji1PK.Ilpernocraaa,a -ce ~aje U;eHTap 61i10 cacraarsea M3 ABe rpyne, pacnopehene rro <pPOHry; ~eCHOMje KO'Ma!H}:tO'SaOBaCTKMYP Ornaa,a, a JIeSOMEMMP 'BeJIaJI:1i1Jli:1i1CJ11aM. .D;eCH:1i1MKP:1i1J1O'l\1:je KO'MaH~OBaO'~aHwax, CKH ,TaMepJIaHQB, :1i1JIeSM.MKP:1i1JIO'Mnpxan ilIaxpyxa. Y npyrox 6O'P6eH'O'Mpe~y, xa ~eCHOM KP:1i1JIy,HaJIa3:1i1Qcerrpmnt E5y6eKMp, a aa JIeSO'Mnpxan CYJITaH Xycean, ~OK je y nearpy6MO:I'aMepJIaH. Orinrrovr peaepsosr je KO'MaH~OSa.onpxan MeXMe~ CYJITaH.110Xasrepy, on 7 TaMepJIaHOSKX CMH,OBa,4,cy yqeCTBOSaJIa y 5Mll;:1i1.IlopenlbMX 6MJIO [e M, 5 aehaxa, ~aKJIe yxynao 9 npxaxesa, Kon OCMaHJIMja jey-qeCTSO'SaJI'Oner Baj!l;3KTOSMX'CnlHOSa AOE: je WecT:1i16l!1O'.yoojeH KO'~ C:1i1-saca.59' .l(eTaJbaH 6op6eHM pacnopen, K(I.K9 ra je :1i13pa~KOEMepXaJIKC, SM~Mce :1i13CK:1i1~e3. ' "

Kao .l1.Bajasrrr, TaKO je K TaMepJIaH :1i1MaO'IJO~ CSO'jPM.KOMaH~O'M. . - . . . . .neo KO~Ku;e, onsojea o~ ornirre peaepse. Ilperaa IT:1i1CalbYIllepacpermra,TaMepJIaH, nOWTO je M3BPWKO' zrsa KJIaJ-bal-ba:1i1"npOTpJbao" qeJIO'M no3eMJbM, aapezmo je Hana~.60 M3SO'PK He rosope xaxo je 6MTKa O'TnOqeJIaa 'jO'W Malbe KaKO'ce P?3BKjaJIa. Hxje J1CKJbyqeHO'~a cy MCTaKHYTJ1~eJIO'BI1Kcnpe~ TypCKO'r nearpa OTSO'PMJlK50p6y, KaKO' T() PO'JIO'q,npeTiIO'CTaSJba.G1. , , . ~Y uearpy 5O'P5eHO'rpacnopezta 6:1i1JIacy J1 32 CJIO'Ha,xoje Xaxep K }:tpyr.MtTaBJbajy Kcnpe~ 6O'P6eHO'r pacnopezta. Me!)YTKlYI, passo] ,~9ra}jaja, KaO''WTO he,Mo xacaxje SJ1~eTJ1,He rO'BO'PMy ,npJ1JIO'rTQMe.

•

67- _ . Aaropcxa 6J([TKa

. ,-.

,

,

•

<

••

nperrpexa (HCKorraHpoa ca n090~eHJ1:Mnanacanassa sa 3aWTHTY ozr aohuornpenazta), KaOH ~a je CJIHlffie Mepe 6HJIa npenysena 'pi: OCl'1aHJI'HjcKa·BojcKa.¥ osaxaoj cHryaU;HjJ1npHpO~HO je na cy 28. jYJIa, paao H3jYTpa, 06e BOj­CKeMOpaJIeHanYCTHTJ1.norope H KpeHyTJ1 [ezraa-zrpyroj y cycper, C I:(J1JbeM~a3ay3My 60p6eHJ1pacrropen aa aanan. 3a TaMepJIaHOBY KOlbHU;YTO je6HO J1MnepaTJ1Bxojera je ~J1K'l'OBaJIOrronsozrao 3el\fJbHlUTe, jep 6e3 J13JIa­CKa J13yuraaxeaor noropa HJ1je 6HJIOMoryhe H3BPWJ1THaanan. TaKol:)e jeH Baja3J1TOBaaojcxa MOpaJIa H3a6paTH HOBnonoacaj, KOjH he joj nocny­>KHTHxao [ax OCJIOH~ aa nanan KOJ-bHu;eJ1rrenranaje - jaHHqapa. OCMaH­JIHjcKa' KOlbHI:(aje MaHeBpOBaJIay aanany KpH.JIHMaca OCJIOHI:(eMaa uea­Tap, rne cy 6J1JIJ1,xao WTO CMOaanpen pexmr, ja-HJ1qapH.Haje n03HaTOaa KOJIHKO cy ce pacrojaase npOTHBH11'iiKeaojcxe npH6JIH>KHJIeje~liaAPyroj.

Hajaehx neo xsaopa ce CJIa)Ke zta je 6HTKa OTnOqeJIaHanaAOM Ta­MepJIaHOBOrnecaor KpHJIa nOA KOMaH~OMnpaana E6y'6eKHpa, 'CHua MH-'

~ pamnaxa. MeI:)YTHM, C 063HPOM aa Hcnp06aHY TaKTHKY H cacras OCMaH­JIHjcKe aojcxe, H~ casro ~a HKje HCKJbY!1eHa,seh je H aepoaaraa nperno­CTaBKaPonorpa, no KOMe cy 6op6y (no ~aHaWIi:.eM peqlmKY - yBO~Hy6op6y) OTnOqeJIe J1CTaKHYTe OCMaH.1lHjcKeje~HHHI:(e (JIaKO aaopyacaaa. .

CirnI.{a 3 - Bop6eHw nopenax TaMepJIaHOBe BOJCKe(lIo p,eJIy EMepxaJlwca, BUTKa KOp,Amcape)

-II

•

onlU7A PE.!JE.PBA '

1foNMtSJf<111'"'"11 MI!)"ftl!l Cali'"'',

IL.4- ~KD IIq7 ""-"9"" 8p>. ~'"

~

IL c;;:?:1• ,~~ "'''''/4 £6.!16#KIlP•

l:;;!?-:J. c;;:!? I

/le8o Kpuno AeCHO Irpv.no"QHH KOHAH,4AHlTA""PIIAH (t'prAM.:

•--~----------------------------------------,'BOjHOKCTOpl1jCKHrJIacmm:68

•II

•- .•

-

,

,

\

\

,62 Roloff, H.' .II., 259-260.63 Babinger, Urudsch, H. .II.M ElIiepXaJIHC, H• .II., 104.os KOHCTaHTI1H ct>I1JI030cP,H• .II., 72,68 Alexandrescu-Dersca, H. A., 75-76.

•

,

•

,

\

CTPeJJIzy1-neIIIa~H) .HCnpeA nearpa 6op6eHOr pacnopena, C ~HJbeM Aa He­npHjaTeJba nOKpeHY Y nanan, OAHOCHOHaBYKY aa [axy OA6paHY Aa 6H raurro BHIiIe J1CTpOIIIHJIe.6~JeP;J1HH~e ztecaor TaMepJIaHOBOr KpJ1JIa o6yxsa­TJilJIeCY H3 n03aAHHe oreso OCMaHJIHjcKOKpJ1JIO(PYMeJIJ1jcKe TPy.ne), xojece xepojcsia 60PHJIO J1 aarepano Y 6eKCTBO TaMep~aJHOBe caare. J1 ~OK'ce 6J1JIa 6MTKa, . TaTapCKa aojoxa, no .pe'inMa 'YPYJ,la,GSOAROOHOKapa-

• -T~TapJ1, TIOA KOMaHAOM6era O'A Ep3HI,IaHa, 'I'axpareaa (KlOAAnmx-namesane) , ,"\lIJ1 'I'axaprea-Sera (u{o:n;"'YPYI,Ia H Heurpxje), KOjH cy ce HaJIa-3J1JIH y ~pyrO'M 6op6eHoM peAY ~O'CMaJHJllMjcKeaojcxe, npxnase Ta.'\ilep­JIaHY H aananajy C JIe.l)a Beli 06YXBalieHO JIeBO K):'lHJIOOCMaHJIHja. ·ITpHpO­;lI}iO je WTO je OBaKaB 06pT CJ1Tya~J1je H3a3Ji1ao 'BeJIJ1KO ,J13HeHaljeH>eH3a6YHY y peAOBHMa pYMeJIJ1jcKHX 60pa~a;' ,Ua 6H norrpasao o~y TemKy.

.'CJ1Tya~J1jy, KOMaHAaHT ormrre peaepse MexMeA '9:eJIe6J1ja Kp~HYO 'je. csojerpyne. AJIH H nopen xpaja.er sanaraa,a, 'IeivIy ce J1CaM TaMep.rraH.AHBHO,HHje ce MOrJIO HHWTa YQHHJ1TH,HJ1TH nOKoJIe6B:HH MOpaJI Bp~~TH. ITo'EMepXaJIHCY, aerrpxjarers je ,3aAp:m:aH n03aAJ1 6pAa Bexamrp T~ne.64

Ha JIeBOM TaMep~aHOBOM KPHJIy CMeJIOcy xpeayne y narran TPynecYJITaHa Xycexaa, aJIH je AejcTBoM OCMaH.uHjcIillx crpenana HaAHi:>aI-be3aYCTaBJbeHOH Hariap;HH nopenax rropewehen, Kopxcreha OBaKBY .CHTya-

. ~J1jy KOA nenpajaren,a, y "pOTJ1BHanaA npenaae aHaAOJIHjcIOi TJ1MapH HHaTepyjy aenpxjarersa na rrcanaxerse, aaxocenx My '"PH TOMe Be.)1J1Kery6J1'l'Ke. TaTapCKH nanan xa uearap ocxaanajcaor 60p6eHOP pacnopeztaaanpxcaa je CHa:m:HHlviAejcTBoM jaHJ1'1apCKJ1XCTpeJIa. BHp;ehJ1 Aa MY' jeneao KPHJIO paafiajeao ~ na ce nOBYKJIO, xao H ~a je uearap 3aftP:m:aH,'­TaMepJIaH 6a~a onWTY peaepsy na nojaxa JIeBO KpJ1JIO. 'Y np6T~BHana),l;cy KpeHyJIJ1 aHap;OJIHjcKH TJ1MapH J.r cpncxa BOjHH~H H3 npyror 6op6eH9rpena, KOj'l1Ma TaAaWI-bJ1nt?pcHjCKM J1 TY'PCKMH3BOPH,onajy TIpH3~aI-be aaxpa6po H [yxaxxo AP:m:aI-beH aanaran,e y TOKY 6op6e. 'Y B.HIII~ nyra cno­-MHtbaHoj 6HorpacpJ1jJ1 Crerpaaa JIa3apeBlillia CTOjH zra je "nepCKa:" (nep­OJ1j'cKa) sojcxa YAa'pJ1JIa xa Aecu9Til Crerpaaa "KaKO je jour 'npe 6~,~oonpebeno". Mel)YTHM xa osaj aarran, y3 nOKJIH'Ie \ xpenyo je xaeacesonpen y nporxsaarran "H op;Max n06el)eHl;'! 6ewe J1norxayure 0;0;,OmTpJ1~aMa'la H KOnaJba cpnCKe BojcKe."65' i -,.;,.' '

. Oxpaepena ycrrexoes, Op6H cy K;peHYJl'J1'y roisea,e HelJPMjaTeJba,(iJIJ1 je Baja3HT HapeAJ10 Aa ce nosyxy aa npBo6J1THH nonoacaj. TaKo' ceaa Baja3J1TOBO J1HCJ1CTJ1paI-beKHe3 nOBYKao aa nOJIa3HH rrcnoacaj:' Bepy­jYBH na je nenpsrjaren, y nOBJIaqeI-bY, 'IaraTajcKO--MOHrOJICKa BOjcKa je3aY3eJIa aanyuireae no.nOJKaJe.66 'Y 'OBOM KpJ1'l1J1'iH0?'1'MO'MeHTY'I1'Q JIeBOTaTapcKO KPJ1JIO,TaMepJIaH op;o6paBa orrurroj peaepsa .na erpebe 'y Haila:n;,C WrJbeM Aa no~orHe csoje Tpyne aa JIeBOM KPHJIy H pa36Hje' iienrapOCMaHJIJ1jcKor 60p6eHor pacrropena (jaHJ1~apa). Cazta 6J1TKa AOCT.J1}K~KYJI­M.HHa~Hjy. IIocJIe BHIIIe y3acTOnHJ1X aarrana, TaTapCKa BOjCKq je ycnenaAa rrpofiaje uearap H Aa oA6J1je BeBJ1 6poj aanana cpncxor onpena, xora

. - ; .• 1 •

•69\Aaropcxa OI1TKa-

,•••

I•

,

1 •

•

•

'7 MCTO.• 66' EJle30BU.h, TYPCKJofM3BOPH, n, A., 60; Babinger, Urudsch, H. M.; EJ1e30BHh.

HeLUp'Jofja~n. ~.,. 83. ,09 Ene30BHh, Heurpnja, H. A., 83; Hammer, H. ~., 102.70 •EJle30BHh, TYp'cKM M3BOPJII,H. ~., 60.71 KOHCTaHTWH ,*,JotJl030cP,H. A., 72.12 Schilt berger, H. A., 24.

• 73 Gonzales de Klavljo, H. ,11;., 298.

/

je.rrpenaonao KHe3 CTecpaH.67 Y3 Taerepnaxa cy ce HaJIa3MJIn 6erOBn OAI'epsrxjaaa, Capaxaaa, AjAJlIHa JII MeHTeWe, xoja, nOWTO cy ce nojaBHJIH

. aa cPpOHTy, noxeure nOHMeHJII'i'HO"3BaTH 'rli1'Mape H I-bHXOB~crapemaae .n;a'JlIM'npHl)y. Ha OBe n03J1IBe, nojcxe I'epraaaajaa Ornxja, Merrrenre, Aj.D;JiIHa,Capaxaaa npetieme cy TaMepJIaHY sajenao ca 3aCTaBaMa; y crsapx, BOj­CKe BHJIajeTa npHWJIe cy cBojnM rocnoztapaxa." 113~aja 1'aTapa, He caxo~a je YHeJIa. 3a6YHY H ~eMOpaJIJlI3aQJ1jy y Baja3HTOBY BOjCKY, Befi je oro­JIJlITJlIJIa'60KOBe jaFUf'iapa, KOjJ1 cy ce HaJIa3J1JIJIIy nearpy 6op6eHor pacno­pena. 'OA AeClJor KpHJIa OCTao je casro ozrsojea CpnCKJIIozrpen Crecpaaa JIa­sapeaaha, KOjH je jow jeAJlIHJ1 npyxcao orrrop oKo-MeJIHK lIIaxa (MelikShah) ~ CBojOM xpa6poII.Ihy npxayxao TaI\fepJIaHoBY rraxcrsy. Hanaaehace.y OBaKBO] CJlITyaQJlIjH, [aaaxapx cy 6HJIH npJlIHyljeHH na oncrynajy caHe3anITJlIhel-P1M 60KOBJlIMa, WTO je AOBeJIO~o OrpOl\lHHX ry6HTaKa H, aano­CJIeTKy, AO pacyna OCMaHJIHjcKe sojcxe. OKa 16 xacosa aa OCMaHJI'JlIje je

" 6HTKa' 6HJIa .n;ecpJlIHJlITJlIBHOJlI3ry6JbeHa .•, ~p6H cy BeB. 6nJIH oABojeHJII OA Baja3J1ITa, sana cy, KaKO aaace

XaMep, npaseha 'lfy.n;a OA xpaopocrx, ycnenx Aa ce npofiajy ~o Bajassrra.TOM-npmIHKOM ra je KHe3 Creepaa caaeroaao na ce noayxe, aJIJIIosaj je TOKaTerdpW'iI{J{ oA6J1Io.3a Cp6e Heurpnja xaxce na cy ce 60PHJIH ~09PO, 'riaHasoAH .n;a je TaMepJIaH aa l:bHX pexao: "CHpOMaCJII cy HeBOJbHn, "-lJlIHHJIHcy' cae WTO cy MOTJiH."69 AwJlIl{-mawa sane xaace tD;ace BJtK OrJIJII (!) 60-panre' JJ:66'pQ(cpncxy BOjCKY je saao no Byxy BpaHKoBHfiy),70 a YPJI.'.jeAHocTaBHo aasonx na ceoBJIK OrJIH TaKo})e 60PHO, aJIJII'je onycrao, yaeoje BOjCKY H 6p30 -oramao. OBY q,a3Y 60p6e KOHCTaH'l'JlIH <PJlIJI030CPjeoaaxo onxcao: "A BHAefiH rne cy MHore ~eceTHHe XHJba.n;aOnKOJIHJIe napa(Tj. Bajassrra), lHeHCKa:38'HaMHO~Ha, H (Crerpea) XOTeB:H ra OCJI060'AJlITH,TpH nyra' ynaxcanre y 60p6y cacenajyhx H n06eljyjyhH. A xazta BnAe Aa ceCMaIi>yje '6poj I-berOBe sojcxe BpaTH ceo Jep WTa je Morao y"-IHHHTH y TOJIH- 'KMMTHcYJi,aMa, JII~eCeTnHaMa TJlIcyfia 6e3 BO>Kje BOJbe.A BeJIH"-IHHaI-berOBeT8AaH,e n06e~e on CBJlIjy je npxsaaa M AOCTa"-lYBeHa",11" ..' Ilporanpexne cy BeCTJII0' yxenrny CJIOHOBay 6~. 'I'axo, -Ha npx­

Mep,'no'mHJIT()eprepy, THMYP je MMao 32 CJIO'Ha,ztoayxeaa H3 J.1lHA'Kje,KOjJ1cy Y'ieCTBOBaJIH y 6HQH.72 ITo jeAHoM xanenrrajy Kapny VI 6HJIO HX je 40: .AOK lIIepacpeTHiH 1Il0MnI-be HeoApe})eHH 6poj. YPYI,I H Hempaja He nOI\1.JiIIi>yyxeurhe CJIOHOBay 6HQH, MeljYTHM CeaA-AJlIH xaxce na je H Baja3HT HMaocJIoHoBe:IIo je~HoM MJIel'a"-lKOM caspesreaaxy CJIOHOBJIIcy y TypCKy BOjGKYYHenu 3a6YHY. HaJilOCJIeTKY, HanOMJiII-beMO,.n;arOH3aJIeC ne Knasxxo, rOBO­peha 0 1KHBOTY aa TaMepJIaHOBOM ABOPY, xasce Aa je TaMepJIaH HMao 14CJIOHOBaca xopnaxa OAno 5-6 JbYAJIIY CB8KOj.73

•

BOjHOJ-leTOpl1j<l1rnrnaCHJ-IK70

..' ..I..I

,74 Roloff, H. ,It., 259.75 Ene30sJoIh, Heurpnja, H. M.70 KOHCTaHTIilH <£lIilJI030<p, H. M.; Cpn-I'asa ce aanaax jY>KHO on nJIaHHHe

.JH.I,l.lV1PHM8,a 40 KM C-3 on aapouia 't.Iy6YKa. • ' ,77 JaHJ<I'IapOSe ycncsreae, J<lnJ<lTYPCKa xpOHMKa, H. A., 21.

., -

,

Ma 1{OJIlJ1K0Aa ce He Mome npehH rrpexo CBe,n;O'le.l-b'aillllJIT6eprepa,KOjH je yqeCTBOBao y 6H1.{Hxa Bajaaxroaoj CTpaHH,. MnaK, C 063HPOM Ha'lHH>eH~y p;a 0 TOMe HHlUTa He roaopx Illepacperxa, 6Morpa¢ TaMepJIaHOB,3aTJIll'oiHJIljep;aH TypCKH H3BOP, HM)e HCKJbY'leHO na ce TO OP;HOCMaa nOCTO­ja}be CJIOHOBay 'I'asrepnaaoeo] BOjCq~ sa speae 6HTKe! a He H aa :fbHXOBOY'lewhe Y 6UqH. J.13 TOKa 6J1l'rKe (KOJJ1CMO, KOJIMKO je TO 6MJIO Moryfi:e, :peKOHCTPYMCaJIH),H~rJIep;a Hal\~ p;a ce HHje rtpyxcao noronax MOMeHaT saynoTpe6y CJIOHOBa,HapO'lH"J'O npH 06YXBaTHOM aarrazty necaor TaTq.pCKO~'KpMJIa, xao 1'1360r Tora WTO je y6p30 P;OWJIOp;o H3p;aje Tarapa, KOjH cyHajBJIlWe p;OnpHHeJIH nopasy H pacyny Baja3H;rOBe sojcxe.

HanOCJIeTKY, He BHP;HMOpaanora 3aIllTO 61'1<ry 'fHH>eHHqy rrpehy­TaJIJIl TypCKH J13BOpH'xana 6u ce T~e Morao, KOJIHKO-TOJIHKO,npasnaranpeTpnJbeHM nopas. Heoonopao je p;a je illJ!!JIroeprep BHp;eo CJIOHOBey Ta­-rapcxoj BOjCqJ!l, ana xao :3ap06Jb~HJ!!K, KaKO npaBMJIHO nperrrocraarsaPOJIO¢.'4

Beh nOCJIeM3Aajc'I'Ba Kapa-Tarapa 'J!1 aa speae MHTepBeHU;Hje onurrepeaepse 60jHO norse cy nO'leJIU aanynrrara BeJIMKJ!! Be3Hp Ana-nama.(KOjM je OABeo C060M Bajaaaroaor CHHa ,CYJIejMaHa l.!eJIe6Mjy), Mypar­-naura, [asaxapcxa ara XcrC8H M .n;p. ITo !HeIllpMjH, MexMeA l.!eJIe6J!!ja je.op;jypHO ca CBOjOM-BOjC'KOMY AMacMjy.75' '. .

ITocJIe npOnaJIHX noxyuraja na aarosopa Bajaasrra p;a oacryrra, aBnp;ehn na je CB'eM3ry6JbeHO, xao H p;a ce 6poj :fbepOBe aojcxe CMal-byje,CTe¢aH je noaeo OAJIYKY na ce rroayxe y rrpasny Bpyce, C THM na IllTHTMnoanaxea-e CYJIejMaHa M lberOBor onpena, KOjH je oncrynao THM npaanea.11 TOKy rroanaxessa roHe3 CTe¢aH je 1J30AI101KeCTOKe 60p6e H xsaojeeaojour jeAHY notieny, WTO ce p;a 3aKJbY'IMTH no je,lJ;HOMMecTY aa OBOMrryry,xoje ce H naaac 30Be "Cpn-ra3H", Tj. cpncxa n06ep;HMK. OBO ce CJI81KeM ca Ka3HBafbeM KOHcTaHTHHa <I>HJI030¢a: "rrojep;HHqe rr06e}}J1BaIlle ro­HHoqe 1'1HMa}}aIlle .oKpBaBJbeHY PYKy".7G 3aHHMJbHBO je na H aaur JaHH'Iap(KOHCT8lHTHlHMlJixajJIOBHh, Cp6WH M;3 OCTpOBHI.{e) 3Ha na je KHe3 CTeq:,aH6~pafbeH:7t I

Kaexceaa xpafipocr 1'1aanaraise Y 60p6H y MOMeHTJ1Maxazta je CBe6llJIO M3ry6JbeHO Haj60Jbe HJIYCTpy_jy nseroa xapaacrep 'J!1 OAaHOCTxojy jerajHo npexa cYJITaHY Baja3HTY.

BHp;ehH pacyno caoje sojcxe, Baja3HT ce nosyxao ca OKO 1.000 JbYP;HHa l.!aTaJI Tene. Ha OBOMnocnemsesr -ynopanrry Bajasjrr je oA6HO CaBeTMHHeT-6era Aa ce noayxe non fberOBOM 3aIllTHTOM. YnpKOC CRalKHH1't1<ppoHTaJIHHM aarramosa aenpajarersa, ycrreo je Aa aanpaor BPX CBe AO3aJIaCKa cyana, xana je noxyuiao p;a ce npofiaje ca OKO 300 KOfbaHJolKa.HeonHcHBHM jYHaIllTBoM, Bajaaar je KP'i110 ce6H ny-r ca Illa'lHqOM JbYP;MCBe AOK Hl1je aaanrao xa l.!y6Y'iKH rrOTOK Y KOMe My ce KOfb CpYIllHO, .<'CnOTaKaBIllH .ce 0 KaMeH. CYJITaH je 6HO aapotirsea, a ca fbMMe cI>l1pY3-6er,

• •'6erJIep6er P)"MeJIHje, MllHeT-6er, MY'CTa¢a-6er, TI1MYPTaIll-6er ca CHHO-

71ARfOPCK8 61ilTKa-----------------------------------,

, . \

,

,

BOjHOJ)!CTOpJ>ljOKM rJlaCHJ)!K72.

I•

.,......

'Ior

~

~•.

\,:r: -;--•

'- ~~~

~ / CI>

~c:s " t\ ~ ~• :r: ~

I \?.~

~:t: N

,~

~

~I.<J

~....

Q. (!fI:.>

~• C> ~ ,~ III

~~

Q)

~ §'I.;

~,

0 ~ '"~~ .a .... <II

c- ~~tI:<II

-? ~1::1) -&

~.~ !) ?qj ~~~

~o

!g t:!) <II...~

II)~ M

~ ~'" CI>

~

~9

<~~I ... f;.

•~

~ ~

:.,~ t:l. 0

10......_ I.., r

""... "c::; 0 as~

~.. 0'00

• ...

~

~~~

~.~ g

~...~

0

~

,

I

•

H. ,lI.,

78Hammer, H. ,lI., 103--104; EMepxanHc, H. ,lI.; 111.l' Jl1pe'leK, JiIcTopuja Cp6a I, 336.60 L. A. Muratori, XXII, 795 E-797 :U, I(WI'aT no Alexandrescu-Dersca,

129-130.81HoaSltOBI1B, Cp611 11TYPI.\I1; H. A., 300.S2 Jnpe'ieK, MCTOpl1ja Cp6a I, 337.83 JaHH'IapOSe ycnoMeKe, I1JII1TyPCK3 XpOHI1Ka, H. ,lI., 21.M KOHCTaHTJIH cP11JI030cP,H. A., 73.85 J I1pe'leK, MCToplija Cp6a I, H. M.

•

•

•

....•

. (

M JaKWM-6er, AOK je SMIlle APyrMx IKOMaHAaHaTanOl'JiIHYJIo.783ap6-6=~Baja3Wl' 6MO je Oropy}l{~H ,HajBehMM nOIllTOBaH>eM. M. Alexan­drescu-Dersca npaBMJIHO OA6a~YJe CBe npnse 0 xaaeay M yspenaxa Ha­HeTHM Baja3MTY M OJIMBepM. ITo HaIlleM MMmJbeH>Y, aa Bajasara HMjeMorna 6MTMBelia Ka3Ha, He~o Aa ;r CBMMrrpMJIMKaMa6y~e y3 Tasrepnaaaxao H>erOB3apo6JbeHMK. BaJa3J1T je yMpO y 3apo6JbeHMmTBY aa rrpoaehe1403 y Al<Illexepy, crapoj CPPMfMjM.79

, IIoTepHM oAPe~M ynyhenx cy 38 CYJIejMaHoM, xa BpyCM, M Y npy­rKM rrpaBL\MMa,C ~JbeM ~a ce YXBaTMCYJIejMaH M na ce cnpesa OCTa~aOCMaHJIMjCKesojcxe ~a ce npetiaue y EBPOrry. TaMepJIaHOB yayx Myxa­Me~ CYJITaHymao je y Bpycy 3. asrycra 1402. ca 4-5.000 JbYAJ1,ana HMjeYXBaTMoCyJIejMaHa, KOjJ1 j~ ycneo na omrece BenMKM zteo AParo~eHOCTM,~OK je npeOCTaJIMzteo nao y pyxe Tarapaaa.

MaKo ce rpa~ npeztao 6e3 orrropa, MnaK je cnarsea. ,UOKcy TaTap,cKMIIOTepHMo~pe~M nJba'lKaJIM Bpycy,. Cy.nejxaaose rpyne M BeliM neo cprr­cxor oztpena MCKOPMCTMJIMcy Ty cxryauajy ~a ce, BenMKMM3a06MnacKoM,npefiaue aa esponcxy ofiany y OKOJlMHMqaHax KaJIe (Kaley Sultaniye).ITo Carpeny, npe6~MBaH>e je M3BpIlleHo KO~ 1\1eCTaMaepere, ca l)eHo­BJbaHCKMl\{6poAoBMMa, MaKO je 6MJlO aapeheao na xpamhaax xyaajy MO­peys na ce TYP~M He 6M MOrJIM npe6a~y:{TM y I'pxxy (BM3aHTMjy).80 -

ITJba":lKajyhM M YHMIllTaBajyliM Tarapa cy eaysenx rpan 1II3HMK.-yOKOJIMHMBpyce aapoorseae cy CYJIejMaHoBe aceae, a npe Tora je sepo­BaTHOaapobzsena M Baja3J1TOBa aceaa OJIJ1Bepa. He CJIa:>KeMOce ca CT.HOBaKoBMheM, KOjM Kame, MC?;,MHaorpal)yjyl\M ce, ~a je Omrsepa yxsa­heaa aa C8MOMe,MeCTY 60ja aa AHropM.8L ITo xanrex MY:tIllJbeH>YOHa jeMorna 6MTMaapotcsexa xerne y n03aAMHM, aajaepoearnxje y casroj BpyCM,MJJMY ,H>eHoj O~JIaCTM.JMpe":leK ceaarpa Aa je ztecrro'roaa cecrpa Aonanaporrcrsa ca Baja3MTOBJ1MXapeMOI\I, AaKJIe He '~a 60jMIllTy.82 -y JaaaxapoaojXpOHMQMCTOjMAa je ,UecnMHa (OJIMSepa), no TaMepnaHOSOM Hapel)elby,orrrpaheaa aarpar y Bpycy, mTO 6M ce MOrJIO npoTyMa'iMTM xao na jespaheaa TaMOO~aKJJeje ~OBeAeHa.83

IIpOIllaBIllM Kp03 oraa, M BO~y, KHe3 Crerpaa, C 6paTOM BYKOM,CKJIOHMOce c je~HMM ~eJIOM CBOjMX ;n:.y~M Y ,,~apc'rByjyhM rpan" Ilapa­rpan, KaKO Kame KOHCTaHTMH<PMJl030CP,AOK cy ce HeKMM3 onpena OABO­jMJlM, na, nOIllTO cy npeurnx npexo l\10pa M "AAPMjaHoBa rpana (Jezrpeaa),6exy nocexeaa OA nexora Capaxce, aa xora xaacy Aa [e aajnpe 3ap06MOxpafipora C1'p~aJIQa ~Tj. KHe3a Jlasapa y KOCOSCKOtj6J1W1)M \i(a ·je Mjp3eoM H>erOBaCMHa (Crecpaaa). A 6Mno je nocexeao OBOBOjMHCTBOY "':!PHOMM­[aacxox JIyry".84 ITo K. Jape-sexy, 360r·OBor xanaaa necnor Crecpaa cec 6paTOMBYKOMpeurxo na xpeae y oTar,r6MHYMOPCKMMnYTeM.85

73Aaropcxa 6mxa

.-

\

•

.80 HOBaKOB",h, Cp614 w Typu."I, H. A.; 'B"IpKOBwll, ,lI;onYHe,11 o6jawlf>elba,

461--462.87 M. ,lI;J.lHuh,06J1aCT Bpanxoaaha, npHJl03J.1 sa JKct>H 1-2, 1960, 18-21, 23.e8 L. A. Ml.\ratori, xxn, Ii. M.; I.lHTaT,Alexandrescu-Dersca, H. ,lI., 131--132~

Pyaapau, CT~cPaHJIa3apeBMh, H. ,t{., 79-87; rCy.u; XLVII, 1879. .

Y Uapul'paAY cy npujaTeJbCKU AO'{eKaJJ.MCrecpaaa pereirr napJOSaHM~a,p~a Jesl)eJofMja.

Paspeurea Sa3aJICKUX ofiaaesa BSja3'HTOBMM 3apo6JbasaH>eM 11nponawhy OCMaHJIl1jcKe npxcaae, Crecpaa ce O.n:MaXOnpeAeJII10 aa BI1-aaHTMjy. To je 6MO xpynaa .n:oraljaj, jep je OH 6110 jow jeAJ1lHI1TYPCKJiKJIeTSeHMK,ITOTnYHOHenOT,{UH>eH,a nopen 'Tora, y osoj CMTy~ju, M 3Ha­xajaa SOj~~KM T{I1HMJIa~.Llap Jonaa .n:OAeJIUOje Crecpaay Ha3MB Ae­CITOTa.Cel,'I Tora, 6MJIOje CBe YTBpl)eHo aa CTe¢aHOBO seH'{aH>e ca nape­nOM pohaxosr, hepKOM cppaH'ieCKa II raTI1JIY3l1ja, rocnonapa MMTUJIeHe.

rOTOBO y UCTOnpesre Ka.n:a H CTecpaH CTl1raO je y Llapxrpan .!f'Bypal) BpaHKOBl1I'i, .n:OKje I'pryp .n:onao y TaTapcKo poncmo. Y je.n:HoMaauresr : JIeTOITMcynaure zra je necnor 6al~Ho y TaMHl1~y Y Ilapxrpany, .CBaKaKOy asrycry Mece~y, csora cecrpxha 'Bypl)a. HOBaKOBl1heso rrpaa­.n:aH>eAecnOTOBor rrocryrnca ('{ysaH>eM ztpxcasaor jeAI1HCTBa),ztaaac ornana,JEW ce 3Ha na cy 'BpaHKoB~lil ·spai'leHe 3eMJbe rtpe aHI'OpCKe 6HTKe,l13rJle.n:anpe 15. MapTa 1402.86 Ilpersa TOMe, npasanaa je 3aKJbyqaK M.,lJ;l1Hl1l'ia,no KOMe je necnor nao 3aTSOpI1Tl1 cecrpxha na 6H ce nOHOBanoxenao H>erOBI1X06JIaCTH.87'Bypal) Hli.!je p,yro OCTaoy Ta1VPiIi.!~M.IIo jeAHOl\lsansrcy H>era je HGcyacasscrea u36asli.!o HeR!MPOAon Beh 3. cerrrexopa 1402.OCJIo60AMBWHce poncrsa, 'Elypal) je OTMUlaoy JeAPeHe M npmnao Cynej­MaHy. IIpli.!POAHOna je 'Bypal) He carzo rOBOpl10csaurra npOTI1BCrerpaaa,seh [e, xao WTO l'ieMo nocne SMAeTl1,nOKpeHYO CYJIejMaHa npOTMBH>era.

.Y CarpeAOSOM l13SeUlTajy Mneraxxo] Peny6Jl~11 OA 12. oxrobpa1402. CTOjMzta cy ce ABa CI1HaKHe3a Jlasapa ca OKO260 JbYAIi.!HaJIa3l1Jlaaa SeJIl1Koj l1 Ao6po aaopyxcaao] raJIUjM "JIoMeJIHHa" (aepoaa-rao Cep'BoBaHHja' JIoMeJIl1Ha,K9jiJ.1ce 'HaJIa3l10ynapeaoa nOCJI8(HCTBYTaMepJIa'HY).Kana, je ramrja CTl1rJIay BI1CIi.!HyI'anarrozsa 6l1JIa je ,HanaAHYTa CTpeJIaMaca 16 rarrnja, no 8 ca csaxe crpaae, TaKO na je 61i.!Jlopaiseao ureer JbYAMOA KOjl1X je [enaa rionnerao paaava. Ca 'HsnaAHYTe ranaje OArOBopeHOjeCTpeJIaMa, Te cy MHO,rM'iJIaIHOBH nocazte paH>eH'I1,TaKO Aa ce aarranasMopao nOSJIa'iHTIi.!.Tazta je ranxja HaCTaBl1Jlanyr rrpexa OCTPBYJleafiocy,rAe cy ce UCKp~aJIIi.!Jlasapeaa C,l1HOBI1ca CBOjOMnpaTH>Ol\i.sa

,lJ;OKce CTecpaH 6aBIi.!Oxa MHTl1JIeHl1, CYJIejMaH je aayseo Jezipeael1 noxeo ce YTBpl)l1BaTl1. Y Me}jYBpel\Ieey I1 'Bypal) je ycneo na noxpeaeCYJIejMaHa ca SOjCKOMnpOTI1B yjaKa - AecnoTa. ,

,lJ;ecnoT Crerpaa Ii.! 6])aT My BYK KpeHyJII1 cy MopeM OKO'Tpxxe l1CTli.!rJlIi.!y Bap cenreafipa 1402, rne cy panocao AOqeKaHI1'OA 'Bypl)a Crpa­~MMl1pOBli.!fiaIi.! :m:eHeMy Jeneae, cecrpe necnoroae. 'Bypal) je onpeeraocsoje urypaxe, AaBwH Ii.!MKOJII1KOron je Morao csoje aoicxe, na cy xpe­HyJII1 npexo Cxaztpa ceBep03anaAHJ.1MITYTeMY npasny )K11'{e, 061i.!JlS3ehMBpaHKOBHfieBe 3eMJbe, jep cy 3HaJIl1 Aa he Ii.!X HanaCTM cecrpxbx sajenaoea TYPQIi.!Ma.KHerli.!H>aMMJII1~a je TaKol)e cnpesorna HeWTO aojcxe. Ilpn­KYITJbeHYBOjCKY Crecpaa je nOAenMO ca 6paToM, Aa~WM My senu neo,

,

BOjHOI4CTOpJ1jOK'" rJlaCH"'!{74

•

.-

,,..J

I

89 KOHCT8HTI1H ¢KJI030cP, H. }I., 82.

•

-"

L'au,teur de l'etude resumee se refere a la biographie du knez Stefan La­zarevlc par Constantin Ie Philosophe afin de mieux expl1quer Ie devouement dontStefan fir preuve a I'egal'd du sultan Bajazet, au cours de la bataille d'Angoraaussi bien que durant Ies combats anterieurs Ilvres aux chretiens. Se fondant surcette source nationale aussi bien que sur des sources etrangeres, l'auteur decritTamerlan et Bajazet; il passe en revue, de maniere critique, la Iitterature historiqueet les sources qui avaient ete tres peu utili sees [usqu'a present

I L'auteur formule des observations tres originales sur la composition deI'armee, sa tactique, sa capacite de manoeuvre, etc. II souligne que les auteursetrangers ont tres peu fait usage de Constantin le Philosophe ·en tant que sourcepour cet evenement historique.

L'auteur rejette l'Idee que le sultan Bajazet ait pu ~trftmaltraite, ainsl quel'hypothese de Stojan Novakovie sutvant laquelle Olivera aurait ete faiteprlsonniereSUI' Ie champ de bataille.

L'auteur s'attarde tout specialement a traiter du sort fait au detachernentserbe a la bataille d'Angora, ainsi du retour au pays de Stefan Lazarevie. Sa con­clusion, c'est que Ie monde chretien n'a pas tire profit de la catastrophe turqued'Angora (1)402)a cause des rtvalttes en presence, de In faiblesse de Byzance, de larapaclte des G@noiset des Venitiens, de la mesentente qui regnait parmi les Serbes(opposition des Lazarevle et des Brankovie), de l'absence d'une volonte unanime debouter les Turcs hors des Balkans. .

.,I

,

•

,:l8TMM [e aanao TYPKe, y3 xoje ce HaJla3MOBpaH>CKO-npeWeBCKMhecap¥rJbewa, a 6paTa. ynyrao npOTKB aeaaxa 'Bypl)a. )];0 cynapa ~ecnOTa caT p~MMa ~OWJlO.je 21. HOBeM6pa 1402. 1{0~ I'paxaaane. TYPI\Y1 cy 6l'lJlMpi36KjeHK K aarepaaa y 6eKcTBO. IIojaB8 necnorosa, KOjM je xao xpa6appaTHHK YJ*MBao BeJIMKMyrnen Mel)y Typ~MMa, nopaaao je ~eJJoBaJla aalbMXOBy 60p6eHocT. IIo6e~M je MHoro ~onpHHeo H hecap YrJbew~, KOjH jeCTe<paH806aBewTaBao 0 cBeMY H KOjH je y TOKY 60ja npewao aa H>eroBYcrpaay. Mel)yTHM, BYKa Jlaaapeaaha je no6e~MO i-beroB cecrpah 'Bypal),na KOCOBYnOJbY,KO~ 'I'pxrrorsa.

Jlpewa rracazsy KOHCTalITMHa ¢>MJI030<pa, je~peHcKI1 cYJITaH Cy­JIejMaH ce H3MHpHOca necnorox aa rrponehe 1403. Y OBOMpary Crerpaaje ycrreo ~a 3eMJbY O'II1CTHO~ 'I'yparca, 3aTHM na nOBpaTH·HeKe rpanoaeH HarrOCJIeTKY~a nexe HOBe xpajese noxopx H npxcajenmra CBOjOj

•;q>JKaBH.89O~MHoro6pqjHKX paanora, KOjM cy YTKI\8JIH na ce xpKWhaHcKM

~BeT HKje KOPMCTHOT;ypCKOMxaracrporpox I{O~ Anrope 1402, HaBewheMocaao cnenehe:

- rroxneny ea IHOBI\eMKO~ 'BeHOBJbaHaH Mme'IaHa, WTO je OCTa­JiKMa TypcKe sojcxe OMOryh'J-IJIOna ce npetiane na eaponcxo KOnHO;

- cJla60CT BM3aHTHje na opranxayje H nosene nrxpy axuajy aaoCJIo6ol)eH>eBaJIK<IHCKOrnOJIyocTpBa; . .

- cypeBH>HBOCTH3Mel)y MJIeTaKa M YrapcKe M naCHBHO~PJKaH>e3ana~HHX ~JKaBa;

- aecnora 113Mel)yBpaasoaxha M Jlaaapeazba, M- He~6cTaTaK je,[O'liHC'I'BeHeM~eje KO'~ xpxurhaaa -aa 13aJIKaHY,

xoja 6M m.laJIa sa ~MJb nporepaaaa.e Typaxa ca BaJIKaHCKOr nonyocrpaa.

75, ,•

Anropcxa 6u I'Ka,:---------------.-

..I