File 12 Archaeological Report Geophysical Survey

8/13/2019 File 12 Archaeological Report Geophysical Survey

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GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY

REPORT G1321

Land at Shelford Road,Radclffe!on!Trent"ottn#ha$%hre

Clent&

On 'ehalf of&

(lla$ )a*% Ltd+Celebrating over 25 yearsat the forefront ofArchaeological Geophysics


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GSB Survey Report No. G1321

Land at Shelford Road, Radcliffe-on-Trent, Nottingha!hire

"ontent!

Page 1 Background Project DetailsAimsSummary of Results

Page 2 MethodData ProcessingInterpretationeneral !onsiderations

Page " Sur#ey Results $ Magnetometer Sur#ey

Page % !onclusionsReferences

Appendi& 'echnical Information

Li!t of #igure! (Printed and on !D)

*igure 1 Site +ocation Diagram 1,-....*igure 2 +ocation of Sur#ey Areas 1,2-..*igure " Magnetometer Sur#ey / reyscale Plot 1,2-..*igure % Magnetometer Sur#ey / Interpretation 1,2-..

Li!t of $rchive #igure! (on !D only)

*igure A1 Magnetic Data $ *ield 1, 0 'race reyscale Plot 1,-..*igure A2 Magnetic Data $ *ield 2, 0 'race reyscale Plot 1,-..*igure A" Magnetic Data $ *ield ", 0 'race reyscale Plot 1,-..*igure A% Magnetic Data $ *ield %, 0 'race reyscale Plot 1,-..*igure A- Magnetic Data $ *ield -, 0 'race reyscale Plot 1,-..*igure A3 Magnetic Data $ *ield 3, 0 'race reyscale Plot 1,-..*igure A4 Magnetic Data $ *ield 4, 0 'race reyscale Plot 1,-..*igure A5 Magnetic Data $ *ield 5, 0 'race reyscale Plot 1,-..

*igure '1 'ie/in Diagram 1,2-..

Survey %er!onnel

Project !o/ordinator, !laire Stephens BA MA

Report Author, 6mma 7ood BSc MIfA

Project Assistants, *innegan Pope/!arterBSc MSc8Dan Shiel BSc

&ate!

*ield9ork, % / 4 March 2.1"

Report, 1- March 2.1"

Report $pproved' Dr :ohn ater MIfA *SA


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G1321 Land at Shelford Road, Radcliffe-on-Trent 1

Bac(ground %ro)ect &etail!

NGR S; 3-- "

*+RSR ?ottinghamshire

&i!trict Rushcliffe District (B)

%ari!h Radcliffe/on/'rent

Topography Sloped gently do9n from north to south>

"urrent Land !e Pasture

Soil! Dunnington heath (-42g), reddish coarse and fine loamy o#er clayey soils9ith slo9ly permea=le su=soils and slight seasonal 9aterlogging (SS671

$rchaeology @nly ridge and furro9 kno9n =efore the geophysical sur#ey>Survey ethod! Detailed magnetometer sur#ey (flu&gate gradiometer)>

Study $rea 2.ha

$i!

'o locate and characterise any anomalies of possi=le archaeological interest 9ithin the study area>'he 9ork forms part of a 9ider archaeological assessment =eing carried out =y "g! on =ehalf of/illia &avi! Ltd>

Suary of Re!ult!

@ccupational acti#ity of clear archaeological interest has =een recorded 9ithin the 9estern half of thesur#ey the results indicate t9o large enclosures8 smaller internal di#isions8 ditches and pits> 'here isalso e#idence for contemporary agricultural field di#isions8 9hilst historic ridge and furro9 culti#ationcan =e seen else9here in the data>

GSB Prospection Ltd. For the use of CgMs


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G1321 Land at Shelford Road, Radcliffe-on-Trent 2

ethod

All sur#ey grid positioning 9as carried out using 'rim=le R5 Real 'ime ;inematic (R';) RS ?o9eCuipment> 'he geophysical sur#ey areas are geo/referenced relati#e to the @rdnance Sur#ey?ational rid =y tying in to local detail and corrected to the @S Mastermap pro#ided =y the client>

'hese tie/ins are presented in *igures '1> Please refer to this diagram 9hen re/esta=lishing the grid orpositioning trenches>

Techni0ue n!truent Traver!e nterval Saple nterval

Magnetometer Bartington rad 3.1/2 1m .>2-m

All sur#ey 9ork is carried out in accordance 9ith the current 6nglish eritage guidelines (6 2..5)>

&ata %roce!!ing

Data processing 9as performed as appropriate using in/house soft9are packages as outlined =elo9>

Magnetic DataEero Mean 'ra#erse8 Step !orrection (De/stagger) and Interpolation (on the a&is)>

nterpretation

7hen interpreting the results se#eral factors are taken into consideration8 including the nature ofarchaeological features =eing in#estigated and the local conditions at the site (geology8 pedology8topography etc>)> Anomalies are categorised =y their potential origin> 7here responses can =e relatedto #ery specific kno9n features documented in other sources8 this is done so (for e&ample, Ae!"all8 Ro#an Road)> *or the generic categories le#els of confidence are indicated8 for e&ample,

Archaeolog! $ $Archaeolog!> 'he former is used for a confident interpretation8 =ased on anomalydefinition andFor other corro=orati#e data such as cropmarks> Poor anomaly definition8 a lack of clearpatterns to the responses and an a=sence of other supporting data reduces confidence8 hence theclassification $Archaeolog!> Details of the data plot formats and interpretation categories used aregi#en in the Appendi&, 'echnical Information at the end of the report>

General "on!ideration!

Site conditions 9ere generally good 9ith the ground co#er consisting of pasture and =eing relati#elyflat> *ield " comprised o#ergro9n grass>



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G1321 Land at Shelford Road, Radcliffe-on-Trent "

1. Survey Re!ult! - agnetoeter Survey

%u#ers ound ! s&uare 'arentheses refer to s'ecific ano#alies highlighted on theinter'retation figures follo(ed ! the field in (hich the! can e found) For e*a#'le, G1'#H

refers to Ano#al! 1, in Field +>

Archaeology / ?Archaeology

1>1 Definiti#e archaeological responses ha#e =een recorded spanning*ields %8 - and 58> 'hese features consist of =oth large and smallenclosures8 cur#ilinear ditches and pits> 'he larger enclosuresG1'# 2'#4,5,H appear to =e of differing dates as the ditchesintersect each other> 6nclosure G1H is sho9n on the image to theright in =lack, this feature measures appro&imately 1%-m in lengthand at least 5.m in 9idth> 7ith the e&ception of G3'#H thenumerous internal di#isions are rectilinear>

1>2 'he second large enclosure G2H (marked in dark grey8 right)measures 54m in the 9idth and 1.5m in length again sho9ingnumerous internal features> A smaller enclosure G4'#H 9ithin G2Happears to ha#e a ditch leading from its south/east corner to9ardsa small enclosure G5'#H another similar pattern can =e seen atG6'#H>

1>" In se#eral places the enclosure ditches appear segmented and prominent e&amples ha#e =eenmarked G7'#4, #H, this segmentation has =een caused =y medie#al ridge and furro9 culti#ationcutting through the ditch fill>

1>% @utside of the enclosure comple&8 further archaeological responses ha#e =een recorded G'#4H8consisting of a pair of small enclosures and lengths of ditches again these ha#e =een partly cut=y the ridge and furro9>

1>- Ditches G8'#H ha#e =een interpreted as $Archaeolog!> 'hese form large rectilinear di#isionsand are likely to ha#e an agricultural origin8 due to the 9eaker magnetic strength of theanomalies> @ccupational acti#ity8 such as =urning and the disposal of ru==ish8 results instronger magnetic anomalies 9hereas these ditches G8H lack the same le#el of magneticenhancement this is kno9n as the ha=itation effect (affney et al) 2..2)

1>3 A potential enclosure G1'#7H is likely to =e associated 9ith the main comple& =ecause it is on asimilar alignment to the large enclosures> 'here also appears to =e a su=/circular anomaly9ithin G1H measuring appro&imately 1.m in diameter> 'he ridge and furro9 is more dominant9ithin this field and this may ha#e damaged or masked parts of the ditches>

Uncertain Origin / Agricultural

1>4 'here are a num=er of trends that ha#e =een assigned to the ncertain rigin category=ecause they ha#e no definiti#e interpretation> ?egati#e linear anomaly G 11'#H is likely to =e afield drain due to its straightness> @ther trends are likely to ha#e a similar interpretation or are ofother agricultural origin>

1>5 'hroughout the datasets medie#al ridge and furro9 culti#ation can =e seen8 perhaps slightlymore enhanced in the eastern areas this ploughing techniCue has clearly cut through some ofthe archaeology (see paragraphs 1>" and 1>%)>



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G1321 Land at Shelford Road, Radcliffe-on-Trent %

#errou!

1>< Small/scale ferrous responses8 most o=#ious as sharp spikes in the 0 trace plots (see Archi#e!D) are typically modern iron de=ris 9ithin the topsoil or on the surface> 'he most prominent of

these ha#e =een highlighted on the interpretation diagram> *errous responses along thenorthern sur#ey edges are due to 9ire mesh fencing and a road>

1>1. A Jone of magnetic distur=ance 9ithin *ield 4 coincides 9ith modern de=ris> Pipes ha#e also=een noted 9ithin *ield 2>

2. "onclu!ion!

2>1 A series of archaeological features consisting of enclosures8 ditches and pits ha#e =eenrecorded 9ithin the sur#ey area> Interpretation has =een complicated =y the comple&ity of theanomalies8 =ut it appears that there are t9o large enclosures8 each 9ith internal features> 'o thesouth of this comple& a set of magnetically 9eaker enclosures are likely to =e old field

di#isions8 pro=a=ly contemporary 9ith some of the a=o#e features due to their alignment>

2>2 Ridge and furro9 culti#ation has =een recorded throughout the sur#ey areas and 9as most#isi=le on the ground 9ithin *ield %> *errous anomalies ha#e also =een recorded throughout andare modern in origin>

Reference!

BS 2.1" British eological Sur#ey8 eology of Britain ie9er

http,FFmapapps>=gs>ac>ukFgeologyof=ritainFhome>html1,-.8... scale geology8 centred on %3--358 "" Accessed1%F."F2.1"

6 2..5 Geo'h!sical Sur.e! in Archaeological Field /.aluation) 6nglisheritage8 Portsmouth>

affney8 !>*8 ater8 :>A>and @#enden S>M> 2..2

The se of Geo'h!sical Techni&ues in Archaeological /.aluations>Institute of *ield Archaeologist> Paper ?o> 3>

SS67 1 Soil Sur#ey of6ngland and 7ales8 arpenden>



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Project:

Title: Site Location Diagram

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey Map with the permission

Drawn by: JMT Figure 1

0 2000metres

1:50,000 @ A3

N

Site Location

G1321 Land at Shelford Road,

Radcliffe-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire

GSB Prospection Ltd

Cowburn Farm, 21 Market StreetThornton

BradfordBD13 3HW

+44 (0)1274 835016


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FIELD 8

FIELD 7

FIELD 4

FIELD 3

FIELD 5

FIELD 6

FIELD 1

FIELD 2

0 100metres

1:2500 @ A3

Project:

Title:

Based on the Ordnance Survey Map provided by the client. Reproduced with

Drawn by: CES Figure 2

N

Detailed Magnetometer Survey

Location of Survey Areas

G1321 Land at Shelford Road,Radcliffe-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire

GSB Prospection Ltd

Cowburn Farm, 21 Market Street

Thornton

Bradford

BD13 3HW

+44 (0)1274 835016


9/13

FIELD 8

FIELD 7

FIELD 4

FIELD 3

FIELD 5

FIELD 6

FIELD 1

FIELD 2

0 100metres

1:2500 @ A3

Project:

Title:


Drawn by: CES Figure 3

N 2

-1

nT

Magnetometer Survey - Greyscale Plot


GSB Prospection Ltd


Thornton

Bradford

BD13 3HW

+44 (0)1274 835016


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FIELD 8

FIELD 7

FIELD 4

FIELD 3

FIELD 5

FIELD 6

FIELD 1

FIELD 2

9

9

9

11

11

11 108

7

7

1

1

2

2

2

3

45

6

0 100metres

1:2500 @ A3

Project:

Title:


Drawn by: ELW Figure 4

N

?Archaeology

(discrete anomaly / trend)

Uncertain Origin

(discrete anomaly / trend)

Ridge & Furrow

Pipe

Ferrous

Archaeology

(discrete anomaly / trend)Magnetic Disturbance

Magnetometer Survey - Interpretation


GSB Prospection Ltd


Thornton

Bradford

BD13 3HW

+44 (0)1274 835016


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Appendix - Technical Information: Magnetometer Survey

Instrumentation: Geoscan FM3!"# and $artington Grad%&-"

Both the Geoscan and Bartington instruments operate in a gradiometer configuration which comprisestwo fluxgate sensors mounted vertically a set distance apart; on the Geoscan instruments this is 0.5m,on the Bartington, 1m. The fluxgate gradiometer suppresses any diurnal or regional effects. The

instruments are carried y hand, with the ottom sensor approximately 0.1!0."m from the groundsurface. #t each survey station, the difference in the magnetic field etween the two fluxgates ismeasured in nanoTesla $nT%. The sensitivity of the instrument can e ad&usted; for most archaeologicalsurveys the most sensitive range $0.1nT% is used. Generally, features up to 1m deep may e detectedy this method. 'aving two gradiometer units mounted laterally with a separation of 1000mm, theBartington instrument can collect two lines of data per traverse.

'ata (rocessing

(ero )eanTraverse

This process sets the ac*ground mean of each traverse within each grid to +ero.The operation removes striping effects and edge discontinuities over the whole ofthe data set.

tep -orrection$estagger%

/hen gradiometer data are collected in +ig!+ag fashion, stepping errors cansometimes arise. These occur ecause of a slight difference in the speed ofwal*ing on the forward and reverse traverses. The result is a staggered effect inthe data, which is particularly noticeale on linear anomalies. This processcorrects these errors.

nterpolation /hen geophysical data are presented as a greyscale, each data point isrepresented as a small s2uare. The resulting plot can sometimes have a loc*yappearance. The interpolation process calculates and inserts additional valuesetween existing data points. The process can e carried out with points along atraverse $the x axis% and3or etween traverses $the y axis% and results in asmoother greyscale image.

'isplay

4 Trace 6lot This involves a line representation of the data. 7ach successive row of data ise2ually incremented in the axis, to produce a stac*ed profile effect. This displaymay incorporate a hidden!line removal algorithm, which loc*s out lines ehindthe ma&or pea*s and can aid interpretation. The advantages of this type of displayare that it allows the full range of the data to e viewed and shows the shape ofthe individual anomalies. The display may also e changed y altering thehori+ontal viewing angle and the angle aove the plane.

Greyscale3-olourscale 6lot

This format divides a given range of readings into a set numer of classes. 7achclass is represented y a specific shade of grey, the intensity increasing with

value. #ll values aove the given range are allocated the same shade $maximumintensity%; similarly all values elow the given range are represented y theminimum intensity shade. imilar plots can e produced in colour, either using awide range of colours or y selecting two or three colours to represent positiveand negative values. The assigned range $plotting levels% can e ad&usted toemphasise different anomalies in the data!set.

" urface 6lot This is similar to the 4 trace, ut in " dimensions. 7ach data point of a survey isrepresented in its relative position on the x and y axes and the data value isrepresented in the + axis. This gives a digital terrain, or topographic effect.

GSB Prospection Ltd.


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Interpretation )ategories

n certain circumstances $usually when there is corroorative evidence from des* ased or excavationdata% very specific interpretations can e assigned to magnetic anomalies $for example, Roman Road,Wall,etc.% and where appropriate, such interpretations will e applied. The list elow outlines thegeneric categories commonly used in the interpretation of the results.

#rchaeology This term is used when the form, nature and pattern of the response are clearlyor very proaly archaeological and 3or if corroorative evidence is availaleThese anomalies, whilst considered anthropogenic, could e of any age.

8#rchaeology These anomalies exhiit either wea* signal strength and 3 or poor definition, orform incomplete archaeological patterns, therey reducing the level of confidencein the interpretation. #lthough the archaeological interpretation is favoured, theymay e the result of variale soil depth, plough damage or even aliasing as aresult of data collection orientation.

ncreased )agnetic9esponse

#n area where increased fluctuations attest to greater magnetic enhancement ofthe soils, ut no specific patterns can e discerned in the data and no visualindications on the ground surface hint at a cause. They may have some

archaeological potential, suggesting damaged archaeological deposits.ndustrial 3Burnt!:ired

trong magnetic anomalies that, due to their shape and form or the context inwhich they are found, suggest the presence of *ilns, ovens, corn dryers, metal!wor*ing areas or hearths. t should e noted that in many instances modernferrous material can produce similar magnetic anomalies.

ld :ield Boundary #nomalies that correspond to former oundaries indicated on historic mapping,or which are clearly a continuation of existing land divisions.

9idge < :urrow 6arallel linear anomalies whose road spacing suggests ridge and furrowcultivation. n some cases the response may e the result of more recentagricultural activity.

6loughing 6arallel linear anomalies or trends with a narrower spacing, sometimes aligned

with existing oundaries, indicating more recent cultivation regimes.

=atural These responses form clear patterns in geographical +ones where naturalvariations are *nown to produce significant magnetic distortions. maller, isolatedresponses which do not form such oviously natural patterns ut which are,nonetheless, li*ely to e natural in origin may e classified as ?Natural.

>ncertain rigin #nomalies which stand out from the ac*ground magnetic variation, yet whoseform and lac* of patterning gives little clue as to their origin. ften thecharacteristics and distriution of the responses straddle the categories of ?Archaeologyand ?Naturalor $in the case of linear responses% ?Archaeologyand?Ploughing; occasionally they are simply of an unusual form.

)agneticisturance

Broad +ones of strong dipolar anomalies, commonly found in places wheremodern ferrous or fired materials $e.g. ric* rule% are present. They arepresumed to e modern.

:errous This type of response is associated with ferrous material and may result fromsmall items in the topsoil, larger uried o&ects such as pipes, or aove groundfeatures such as fence lines or pylons. :errous responses are usually regardedas modern. ndividual urnt stones, fired ric*s or igneous roc*s can produceresponses similar to ferrous material.

/here appropriate some anomalies will e further classified according to their form $positive ornegative% and relative strength and coherence $trend? wea* and poorly defined%.

GSB Prospection Ltd.


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Documents

File 12 Archaeological Report Geophysical Survey