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Exploring Physical Science
Lesson 1Mrs. Martin
3 Main Categories of Science
• Life Science
• Earth Science
• Physical Science
What is physical science? • Def. Study of matter and
energy• Matter anything that has
mass and takes up space “stuff” that everything is made of
• Ex: shoes, pencil, air • Energy ability to do
work• Ex: cheetah has energy of
motion, food has energy that is used for daily activities
Branches of Physical Science
CHEMISTRY • study of all forms of matter, including
how matter interacts with other matter
• study of how substances changes in a chemical reaction
PHYSICS• Studying different forms of energy and
the way that energy affects matter• Includes motion, force, gravity,
electricity, light, and heat
What is the Scientific Method???
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/scientificinquiry/scientificmethod/
SCIENTIFIC METHODdef. an organized set of investigation procedures
• 1. State the problem –Make an Observation
• 2. Research and Gather Materials: learn as much as possible about the background of the problem
• 3. Form a Hypothesis: possible explanation for a problem using what you know and what you observe
• 4. Test the Hypothesis: by observations, build a model, perform an experiment
Experiment: tests the effect of one thing on another by using controlled conditions
A. Variables: quantity that can have more than a single value; an experiment usually contains at least 2 variables ex: plant growth- temperature, soil type, amount of water
• Dependent variable- factor that changes as a result of changes in other variables ex: growth of plant
• Independent variable- factor that, as it changes, affects the dependent variable ex: change the amount of water affects growth (DV)
B. Control: standard by which the test results can be compared ex: no water at allConstant: a factor that does not change when other variables change
• 5. Analyzing Data: look at recorded charts, notes, data
• Data: def. any pieces of information acquired through experimentation
• 6. Draw Conclusions: Based on data analysis, you decide whether or not you support your hypothesis, you might need more information
• 7. Communicating Results: scientific paper, presentation, create a web site
• WHY? Telling others what you learned keep scientists going and based on your experiment they can perform other experiments
Being Objective
• Scientists have to be careful to reduce bias in experiments!!!
• Bias- occurs when scientist’s expectations change the results of the experiment are viewed
How?? • Run as many trials as possible• Keep accurate notes of observations made• Experiment should be repeatable
HOMEWORK• complete scientific
method ws• OPTIONAL: voc note
cards matter, energy, chemistry, physics, scientific method, hypothesis, experiment, variable, dependent variable, independent variable, control, data