UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS

ENGINEERING TEAM PROJECTPROPOSAL

21ST CENTURY FIBRE OPTICS GREEN HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM

Supervisor: Mr Mohamed Mubarak Bin Abdul Wahab

Name: Abdullah Sofiy Bin Mansor (Leader) 11848

Abdul Halim Bin Abdul Hamid 11841

Amirah Raihana Binti Haris Fadzilah 11885

Anis Syafirin Binti Ezhar 11890

Calvin Lowrans 11905

Mohd Hafiz Azmi Bin Mohamad 12017

Group : ETP 06

0

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 ABSTRACT 2

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2

3.0 PROJECT OBJECTIVE 3

4.0 BACKGROUND STUDY 3

5.0 DESIGN APPROACH/METHODOLOGY

5.1 Procedures

5.2 Plan and Schematic Flow Process

5.3 Hardware/Tools and Software

5

7

8

6.0 TASK ALLOCATION AND ACTIVITIES 9

7.0 PROJECT PLANNING 10

8.0

9.0

REFERENCES

SKETCH OF PROJECT

11

12

1

1.0 ABSTRACT

Since the invention of the light bulb its usage till today has led to a fairly large toll on

the energy consumption, thus this phenomena is to be curbed besides transcending the lighting

system into the next dimension by inventing a lighting system that consumes a minimal amount

of energy. Realising that the sunlight is not being utilised optimally, we came out with an idea

of visionised 21st century lighting system whereby sunlight is channeled towards and travels

inside the fibre optics creating a bright light. The project is kicked-off by studying and

discussing the concept of fibre optics and the heliostat mechanism. Researches will be

conducted to gather information on the selected topic from sources like internet and books. The

data collected will be analyzed as input for calculation, modeling, testing and other designing

methods. Project management reference, Gantt chart and.organizational elements such as

allocating and distributing tasks are adapted to ensure smooth flow of project development. As

a conclusion, we hope that this project will be successful and also be the gateway for the 21 st

century lighting system.

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Ever since Thomas Alva Edison developed a long-lasting practical incandescent light

bulb in 1879, the only well-developed advancement in lighting technology is the compact

fluorescent lamp. Although both of these artificial lightings have made major contributions in

human civilization, they also have a few setbacks which absolutely need to take into account.

Compact fluorescent lamps are found to contain small amount of hazardous mercury

which can cause toxicity, have more obvious flickering problems and sensitive in low

temperature condition which impractical for outdoor lighting. Meanwhile, incandescent light

bulbs produce large amount of heat as by-product which can cause burns, relatively short life

span which may require frequent replacement and more prone to failure in high vibration

environment.

But the major setback of both lamps is that they are ‘wasting’ large amount of electrical

energy daily. According to the Reference case projection from the International Energy Outlook

2010 (IEO2010), released on 25th May 2010 by the US Energy Information Administration

2

(EIA), world net electricity generation is projected to increase by 87%, from 18.8 trillion kWh

in 2007 to 35.2 trillion kWh in 2035. This is mainly caused by the less energy-efficiency

lightings, not considering people who actually wasting the energy by letting the lamps always

switched on.

Instead of artificial lighting, why don’t we use the natural lighting, which is the sunlight?

Therefore, our problems are how to channel the sunlight into a room of a building and enlighten

the whole space. We also want to minimize the usage of electrical energy when there is no

sunlight such as at night or when it is raining.

3.0 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

3.1 To come out with the improve version of heliostat in order to optimize sun light

collection and channeling it more effectively towards the optic fiber

3.2 To produce a simple but flawless rain-control system to cover the heliostat during

raining

3.3 To integrate solar panel and use it as a mean to charge the batteries for the lighting

system during night time

4.0 BACKGROUND STUDY

Lighting system plays a major role in human life since the famous American inventor,

Thomas Edison invent an incandescent light bulb with a long lasting filament. This is the

beginning of the era which people shift from using candles to light bulb. Decades after that,

Albert Hull from General Electric manage to patent the first fluorescent bulb in 1927, which is

far more energy efficient than the incandescent light bulb. Today, this fluorescent lamp is use

every day which basically incorporate the use of electricity to produce mercury vapor. Then, the

mercury vapor produce ultraviolet light causing phosphor to fluoresce and the end result is a

visible light. We can observe that since 1927, the evolution of the light bulb has been put to a

long haul as the next breakthrough which most likely incorporates and solve our energy

3

efficiency and environmental issues haven’t found its way. The world today is still clinging to a

technology that is 84 years back.

Thus, is where our project comes in as the replacement to the fluorescent lamp. The

main idea is to have a totally green technology where independent lighting system is

implemented in the standard condition of an existing building. Today, optic fiber is one of the

famous ways to transmit information in form of light and it is replacing the conventional copper

wires. One of the great advantages of it is that it can transmit light by small degree of reflection

angle inside it tube. In a more simple word, it is easy to reflect light through the optic fiber.

Since most optic fiber tube is nearly colorless, when light travel it will glow like a

normal fluorescent light bulb. Using the glow part of an optic fiber as a lighting system is one

step ahead of the normal fluorescent bulb technology which far much simpler and safer. Our

challenge is to produce the brightest glow from the optic fiber so that it is enough to make a

room bright. In order to achieve that, we will install a high quality side glow type of optic fiber

and some mirror reflector in a strategic places to focus the light inside the room.

During the day time, the concept of heliostat will be use. We collect rays of sun light by

using reflection in order to produce one intense bright light at one spot. This intense bright light

will become the light source of the optic fiber. Besides coming out with new idea of simpler

heliostat, we will use standard lens to magnify the light. The challenge here is to ensure the

simpler version of heliostat works effectively and ensuring the optic fibre is able to withstand

the heat from the magnified light.

Solar panel on the other hand is used during daytime in order to generate electricity and

transfer it to the rechargeable battery. This battery will supply electricity to the light emitting

diode (LED) during night time where there is no sunlight. LED will act as the source of light

which it can be transmitted through the optic fiber tube. Choosing the right color of LED will

determine the brightness of the optic fiber during night time. Besides, we have to ensure that the

solar panel is working properly and the rechargeable battery is compatible with the solar panel.

4

It is very important to protect the heliostat from bad weather especially rain drops since

it can reduce the heliostat efficiency in focusing the sun light. This is where the rain control

mechanism suits it purpose. Using two motors, it will act like an automatic sliding window.

Moist detector is installed to detect raindrop and the rain control window will close

automatically when it is rain. Switch also can be installed so that the rain control mechanism can

be operated manually. Our concern is to ensure the rain control mechanism can operate perfectly

by using the same rechargeable battery which charged by the solar panel.

5.0 DESIGN APPROACH/METHODOLOGY

5.1 Procedures

5.1.1 Brainstorming:

The brainstorming session is done by defining the theme assigned. The main target

of the project is taken into consideration, all the features and the constraints such as working

prototype which includes at least three engineering field, and possess commercial value and

feasibility.

5.1.2 Research:

Research is essential in order to get informations for the project. Furthermore, we

can obtain a deeper understandings and technical explanations for the design. The research is

done by surfing to the internet, interviewing people and reading the articles in the books and

journals.

5.1.3 Compilation of data:

All the research data and ideas from each team members are compiled and discussed.

The compilation process involves comparing and analyzing the model mechanism. A

conceptual analysis is being performed so that the important and useful ideas to put on the

device can be developed.

5.1.4 Identification of need and decision making:

5

In this stage, the constraints, such as working prototype, at least three courses

involved, commercial value and feasibility were put into our consideration. All the

alternatives were put together in order to develop one outcome. Throughout this stage, we

manage to come out with some improving ideas.

5.1.5 Designing and constructing the device:

The designing process is initialised based on the conceptual sketches and technical

drawing, prototyping and engineering calculations. All the aspects of the design are put

under continuous ideas and observations.

5.1.6 Problem identification and resolve:

Any problem that occur due to the design specifications were put into critical

considerations at this stage. All works have to be reviewed all over again to overcome the

problem pertaining to it.

5.1.7 Final design:

At this stage, all the mechanisms are put to a testing. The functionality of the

mechanisms, the ranges of distance that will be covered by the sensor, the power needed to

turn on the mechanism and other things that will ensure the workability of the final

prototype are fully tested. During this stage, all the altering to the design specifications was

made to encounter the problems that occurred.

5.1.8 Conclusion:

The project will be completed by conducting the oral presentation to the supervisors,

demonstration of the model and submitting the final report.

6

5.2 Plan and Schematic Flow Process

FIGURE 5.2.1: Flowchart of Plan and Schematic Flow Process

7

Design Stage 1Sketch ideas

Design Stage 2Finalize the design

Material and component selection

Manufacturing method solution

Design Stage 3 Drawing and Simulation

Fabrication of electrical and mechanical component

Prototype assembly and testing

Modification and finalize prototype

Compilation of Final Report and Presentation

5.3 Hardware/Tools and Software

TABLE 5.3.1: List of hardware required

HARDWARE FUNCTION COST(RM)

Prisms/fiber optics Light distribution and collection 60.00

Solar Cell Charging the battery using sun 20.00

Rain Detector/Sensor Detect the droplet of rain 15.00

Battery Supplying power to all components 15.00

Charger Charging the battery when not in use 20.00

Perspex Material for building the house 50.00

Light Emitting Diode (LED) Supplying light to home 1.00

Switches Open and close the system 2.00

Motor Used in gears motion 4.00

Gears Used in open/close roof motion 4.00

Timer Used for motion timer 2.00

Screw and Fastener Used to fasten the Perspex 5.00

Table 2: List of software required

SOFTWARE FUNCTION

AutoCAD Technical drawing

CATIA 3D technical drawing

Autodesk Inventor 3D technical drawing

Microsoft Office Report preparation and compilation

TOTAL RM198.00

8

6.0 TASK ALLOCATION AND ACTIVITIES

9

Assistant Project DirectorCALVIN LOWRANS

Assist in Planning weekly agenda Project Goals & Direction Monitor Project progress Task Distribution to team members Heliostat Design Analysis

Project DirectorABDULLAH SOFIY BIN MANSOR

Organising &Chairing meetings Planning weekly agenda Coordinating all departments Heliostat Design Division Research & Development

Treasurer AMIRAH RAIHANA BINTI HARIS FADZILAH Manage the project

accounts Estimate the project

budgets Research on the

strength & suitability of material used

Assist in material selection

Light Optimisation material design

Secretary &Electrical

Department ANIS SYAFIRIN BINTI EZHAR Keep records of all

group activities Minutes of meetings Arrange Appointments Lead the design and

development of electrical &electronic components of project

L.E.D & Fibre Optics integrated lighting system.

Electronic Switch and solar power supply

Mechanical Department

ABDUL HALIM BIN ABDUL HAMID Design & Develop

mechanical aspects of project

Design the layout and process of prototype

Rain-Control mechanism

3D Design & Analysis of prototype

Material Department MOHD HAFIZ AZMI BIN MOHAMAD Material Selection Design the layout

and process of prototype

Deal with composition of material used

Prototype Exterior Project Publication Logistics Officer

7.0 PROJECT PLANNING

WeeksTasks

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Ice breaking, brainstorming, research and planning

Proposal due 11/2

Finding raw material, video, picture and lab experimentProgress reportProgress report due 9/3

Environmental Effect EvaluationPreparation of slides and posterPresentation rehearsalFinal researchEvaluation on Fabrication 30/3Demonstration of Prototype or Model

6/4

Poster Evaluation 6/4

Group Oral and Individual Presentation

6/4

EDXFinal ReportPeer Evaluation

TABLE 7.1 : Gantt Chart

10

8.0 REFERENCES

Fluorescent Lamp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2002, November 4). Retrieved

February 4, 2011, from Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp

Incandescent Light Bulb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2002, April 1).

Retrieved February 4, 2011, from Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb

Thomas Edison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2003, January 25). Retrieved

February 4, 2011, from Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison

Heliostat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2004, September 28). Retrieved

February 5, 2011, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliostat

World energy consumption to grow 49% by 2035 – International Energy Outlook

2010. (2010, May 26). Retrieved February 5, 2011, from IM : International

Mining: http://www.im-mining.com/2010/05/26/world-energy-consumption-to-

grow-by-49-by-2035-%E2%80%93-international-energy-outlook-2010/

Antony, D. (2009, October 30). Disadvantages for Fluorescent Lamps | eHow.com.

Retrieved February 4, 2011, from eHow:

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5588291_disadvantages-fluorescent-lamps.html

Hamel, G. (2009, November 6). Disadvantages of Fluorescent Light Bulbs |

eHow.com. Retrieved February 5, 2011, from eHow:

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5611953_disadvantages-fluorescent-light-

bulbs.html

Mcginnis, W. (2009, April 15). The Dark Side of CFLs. Retrieved February 5, 2011,

from GreenMuze : Green Ideas and Innovations:

http://www.greenmuze.com/blogs/guest-bloggers/1031-the-dark-side-of-

cfls.html

11

9.0 SKETCH OF PROJECT

FIGURE 9.1 : FIRST SKETCH OF PROJECT

FIGURE 9.2 : SKETCH OF ROOF OF PROJECT

11

FIGURE 9.3 : TOP VIEW OF PROJECT

11