English Grammar for Beginners

English Grammar for Beginners

Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED

ENGLISH

GRAMMAR for

BEGINNERS



Language: (زب ان)

Language is a medium of expression. It is in fact a collection of

different sounds. These sounds are called LETTERS. Letters are

meaningless sounds e.g: a b c etc. These are called Alphabets. English

language has 26 Alphabets. These 26 Alphabets are further divided

into two catagories: VOWELS (a,e,i,o,u) and CONSONANTS (other

than a,e,i,o,u). Two or more letters make WORD. Words are

meaningful e.g One, Chair, man etc. Two or more words make a

SENTENCE.

ےت ںیہ۔ ان ہی درتقیقح آوازوں اک ومجمہع ےہ۔ ان آوازوں وک رحوف ےتہک ںیہ۔ رحوف ےب ینعم وہ زب ان ااہظر اک ذرہعی ےہ۔

ا ےہ۔ وک رحوف ادجب یھبرحوف

اہ تاب

THE SENTENCE: رقفہ /ہلمج

A combination of words which makes complete sense is called a

sentence.

ا ےہ۔ ب ان رکے رقفہ ومجمہع وج لمکم ب ات ایب اسیوظفلں اک ا

ہلمج الہکب

EXAMPLES:

He goes to school daily. ا ےہ۔

وہ روزاہن وکسل تاب

Do not tell a lie. وبول۔

وھجٹ م

PARTS OF SPEECH: The words used in a sentence are divided into different kinds or

classes according to the work they do in the sentence. these kinds or

classes are called PARTS OF SPEECH. These are:

1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Adjective 4. Preposition

5. Verb 6. Adverb 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection

NOUN: (ا مس)

Noun is a word we use to name a person, a place or a thing.

) Noun ام وک ےتہک زیچ ب اامس( یسک صخش ہگج

۔ںیہےک ب

Ali, lahore, pen, book, dog, courage etc.



NUMBER:

There are only two numbers (یتنگ) in English, the SINGULAR (one

person or thing) and the PLURAL (more than one person or thing).

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL Boy Boys Girl Girls

Toy Toys Book Books

Pen Pens Chair Chairs

Table Tables Desk Desks

Night Nights Day Days

Cow Cows Monkey Monkeys

Donkey Donkeys Horse Horses

Friend Friends Poet Poets

Dog Dogs Cat Cats

Arm Arms Leg Legs

Hand Hands Ticket Tickets

Cap Caps Flower Flowers

Plant Plants Tree Trees

Bird Birds Bat Bats

Racket Rackets Pin Pins

Bangle Bangles Calf Calves

Shirt Shirts Locket Lockets

House Houses Room Rooms

Roof Roofs Wall Walls

Kitchen Kitchens Door Doors

Window Windows Chief Chieves

Hoof Hoofs Dwarf Dwarfs

Proof Proofs Gulf Gulfs

Thief Thieves Wolf Wolfs

Leaf Leaves Calf Calves

Life Lives Knife Knives

Class Classes Bench Benches

Watch Watches Brush Brushes

Dish Dishes Tax Taxes

Box Boxes Bush Bushes

Match Matches Wife Wives

Kiss Kisses Mango Mangoes

Buffalo Buffaloes Volcano Volcanoes

Potato Potatoes Hero Heroes

Negro Negroes Dynamo Dynamos

Piano Pianos Cuckoo Cuckoos



Bamboo Bamboos Duty Duties

City Cities Baby Babies

Lady Ladies Story Stories

Army Armies Pony Ponies

Fly Flies Woman Women

Man Men Tooth Teeth

Foot Feet Mouse Mice

Goose Geese Brother Brothers

Child Children Branch Branches

Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law Ox Oxen

Court-Martial Courts-martial Passer- by Passers-by

Mr Messers Miss Misses

Step-father Step-fathers Mrs Mesdames

Following Nouns are used only in the plural: Trousers Spectacles Scissors

Drwers Measles Mumps

Riches Tidings

Following Nouns are used only in the singular: News Innings Mathematics

Physics Politics Mechanics

Gender: Gender shows the difference of sex.

Masculine Gender: A noun that denotes male animal.

e.g. Boy, Lion

Feminine Gender: A noun that denotes female animal.

e.g. Girl, Lioness

Common Gender: A noun that denoteseither sex.

e.g. Baby, Friend

Neuter Gender: A noun that denotes Lifeless things.

e.g. Apple, Book

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Boy Girl Brother Sister

Bull Cow Cock Hen

Dog Bitch Father Mother

Horse Mare Husband Wife

Man Woman Nephew Niece

Papa Mamma Son Daughter

Uncle Aunt Giant Giantess



Author Authoress Host Hostess

Heir Heiress Lion Lioness

Shepherd Shepherdess Poet Poetess

Manager Manageress Actor Actress

Instructor Instructress Hunter Hunteress

Conductor Conductress Tiger Tigress

Negro Negress Waiter Waitress

Traitor Traitress

PRONOUN: (ا مس ریمض)

A Pronoun is used instead of a noun to avoid repitition of the noun.

اہک امس وک ب ار ب ار ہن انھکل ڑپے۔ امس ریمض

ا ےہ ب

امس یک ہگج اھکل تاب

e.g. Ali was late. He was ill.

PERSONAL PRONOUN: ( ذایتا مس ریمض )

FIRST PERSON: (the person speaking) ملکتم I & WE

SECOND PERSON: (the person spoken to) احرض YOU

THIRD PERSON: (the person spoken)

HE, SHE, It & THEY اغئ

PERSONAL PRONOUN :( Cases)

Nominative Possessive Accusative I my / mine me

We our / ours us

You your / yours you

He his him

She Her Her

It Its It

They Their Them

RELATIVE PRONOUN:

The word that works as conjunction as well as pronoun is called

relative pronoun. These are: Who, Whose, Whom, Which, That Who is at the door?

Whose pen is this?

He is the boy whom I met in the party.

Who, is used ofr human beings and which is used for other than

humanbeings while that is used for both.

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLEL PRONOUNS:

1. Naureen and _______ were present. (I, me)



2. It was Salma _______ called on you. (whom, who)

3. It might have been ________ . (he, him)

4. Can you write English as well as _______ . (they, them)

5. You are taller than _____ . (he, him)

6. He is better bats man than _______ . (we, us)

7. Nobody but _____ was absent. (she, her)

8. She and _____ are good friends. (I, me)

9. He lost his bat, and we ______ . (our, ours)

10. The bike _______ has been stolen is not his. (which, who)

Answers:

1. I 2. who 3. him 4. they 5. he

6. we 7. she 8. I 9. ours 10. Which

SOME RULES REGARDING THE CORRECT USE OF

VERB

(Verb) ےک ب ارے ںیم دنچ اوصل

احل

یک درس

زی ےلمج ںیم ۔1

ا always, daily, every day ارگ ارگنی وریغہ اک ذرک وہ وت وہ ہلمج ومعما often ب

Present Indefinite Tense ا ےہ۔ اس وصرت ںیم

یک ونتیع ےک اطمقب لعف یک یلہپ افرم subject اک وہب

ا۔ helping verb اامعتسل یک تایت ےہ۔ اس ںیم

اامعتسل ںیہن ایک تاب

ام وہ وت اس ےک He, She, It افلع (subject) ارگ ونٹ:

ا s ےک اسھت verb ب ا وادح ب اک ااضہف ایک es ب

ا ےہ۔

تاب

i. He go to school every day. (In-correct)

He goes to school every day. (Correct)

ii. We often writing a letter. (In-correct)

We often write a letter. (Correct)

ز رکےن واےل ےلمج اعم وطر رپ ۔2 وہ ےت ںیہ۔ لثما Present Indefinite Tense اعدت ب ا ومعمل اظہ

i. He drive a taxi. (In-correct)

He drives a taxi. (Correct)

ii. We had smoked. (In-correct)

We smoke. (Correct)

Past Indefinite وہ وت وہ ہلمج last year, last month, last day, ago ارگ ےلمج ںیم ۔3

Tenseا ےہ۔

اک وہب

i. She (comes) here yesterday. (in-correct)



She came here yesterday. (correct)

ii. I (buy) this car last year. (in-correct)

I bought this car last year. (correct)

اک ذرک وہ وہ یھب verb نج ولمجں ںیم ۔4

دب ا ایگ وہ ینعی دن ب ا وق

ےک Past Indefinite Tense اک وق

وہ ےت ںیہ۔ لثما

i. We go to Lahore on Friday. (in-correct)

We went to Lahore on Friday. (correct)

ii. He reaches here in the afternoon. (in-correct)

He reached here in the afternoon. (correct)

ےک اسھت یسک ےنیہم ب ا اسل next year, next month, next day, tomorrow ارگ ےلمج ںیم ۔5

ا ےہ۔ اس وصرت ںیم Future Indefinite Tense ر رپ وہ ہلمجاک ذرک وہ وت اعم وط

یک یلہپ افرم ےک verb اک وہب

ا will اسھت ا ےہ۔ shall ب

اگلب ا تاب

i. They learn their lesson tomorrow. (in-correct)

They will learn their lesson tomorrow. (correct)

ii. I construct a house next year. (in-correct)

I shall construct a house next year. (correct)

ا ےہ اےسی ولمجں Present Continuous Tense وہ وت وہ ہلمج is, are, am ارگ ےلمج ںیم ۔6

اک وہب

ا now ںیم اعم وطر رپ افرم اامعتسل وہیت ےہ۔ لثما ing یک verb ےک اافلظ آ ےت ںیہ۔ اس ںیم at present ب

i. He is write a letter now. (in-correct)

He is writing a letter now. (correct)

ii. You are learn music at present. (in-correct)

You are learning music at present. (correct)

ا was ارگ ےلمج ںیم ۔7 ا ےہ Past Continuous Tense وہ وت وہ were ب

۔ اےسی ولمجں ںیم اعم اک وہب

ا then وطر رپ افرم اامعتسل وہیت ےہ۔ لثما ing یک verb وریغہ ےک اافلظ اگل ےت ںیہ۔ ان ںیم at that time ب

i. I was gone to school then. (in-correct)

I was going to school then. (correct)

ii. We were play tennis. (in-correct)

We were playing tennis. (correct)


اک ہلمج Future Continuous Tense وہ وت shall be ب ا will be ارگ ارگنی

ا ےہ۔ اس ںیم یھب

ا next day افرم اامعتسل وہیت ےہ۔ اےسی ولمجں ںیم یھب ing وہب وریغہ اافلظ tomorrow ب

آ ےت ںیہ۔ لثما

i. We shall be take examination tomorrow. (in-correct)



We shall be taking examination tomorrow. (correct)

ii. She will be knit a sweater. (in-correct)

She will be knitting a sweater. (correct)

ےک نیعت ےک ریغب ۔9

زی ےلمج ںیم وق

ا has ارگ ارگنی ا have ب Present ہلمجوریغہ آتاںیئ وت had ب

Perfect ا یک رسیتی افرم اامعتسل وہیت ےہ۔ لثما verb اک وہ اتکس ےہ۔ ان ںیم ہشیمہ Past Perfect ب

i. I have wrote a letter. (in-correct)

I have written a letter. (correct)

ii. The Headmaster has making a speech. (in-correct)

The Headmaster has made a speech. (correct)

iii. He had came home before the sun set. (in-correct)

He had come home before the sun set. (correct)

ب ا دمت ےک نیعت ےک اسھت ۔10

ا have been ارگ ےلمج ںیم لعف ےک وق ا has been ب ا had been ب ب

will have been ہلمجآتاےئ وت Present Perfect Continuous ا Past Perfect ب

Continuousا ا ےہ ان ےک دعبFuture Perfect Continuous ب

یک یلہپ افرم ےک اسھت verb اک وہب

ing اامعتسل رک ےت ںیہ اےسی ولمجں ںیم اعم وطر رپ since ا ا ےہ۔ for ب

اک اامعتسل وہب

i. We have been lived here for the two years. (in-correct)

We have been living here for two years. (correct)

ii. She has been plucks flowers since morning. (in-correct)

She has been plucking flowers since morning. (correct)

iii. We had been played tennis since ten o' clock. (in-correct)

We had been playing tennis since ten o' clock. (correct)


ا will have ارگ ارگنی وریغہ ادمادی لعف وہ وت ہی لبقتسم لمکم اک ہلمج وہاگ۔ shall have ب

ا by the next year, by the next month اےسی ےلمج ںیم اعم وطر رپ وریغہ ےک اافلظ by now ب

یک رسیتی افرم اامعتسل وہیگ۔ لثما verb آ ےت ںیہ۔ اس ںیم

i. The birds will have flying in the air by now. (in-correct)

The birds will have flown in the air by now. (correct)

ii. We shall have prepare for the examination by the next year. (in-

correct) We shall have prepared for the examination by the next year.

(correct)

یسک ےلمج ںیم ۔12

,Should, Can, Could, Must, Ought to, May, Do, Does ج

Did, To, Let, Might, Would وریغہ ےک اافلظ وہں وت ان ںیم verb یک یلہپ افرم اامعتسل یک تایت ےہ۔

لثما



i. We should went to the river for a walk. (in-correct)

We should go to the river for a walk. (correct)

ii. He ought to obeys his parents. (in-correct)

He ought to obey his parents. (correct)

iii. Let me (gone). (in-correct)

Let me go. (correct)

اامعتسل verb اس ںیم یھبارگ رقفے اک الہپ ہصح میض وہ وت دورسا ہصح یھب میض ںیم وہاگ۔ ینعی ۔13

یک دورسی احل

، تقیقح، ومعمل ب ا رمس و رواج وہ وت

یہ اامعتسل وہیگ۔ verb وہیگ ارگ دورسے ےصح ںیم اعریگمل دصاق

یک یلہپ احل

i. I said that I take tea. (in-correct)

I said that I took tea. (correct)

ii. She said to me that she knits a sweater. (in-correct)

She said to me that she knitted a sweater. (correct)

iii. He said that the earth was round. (in-correct)

He said that the earth is round. (correct)

had ےک دعبsubject واےل ےصح ںیم If ںیم ینعیارگ اکم یک رشط میض ںیم ب ایئ تاریہ وہ وت رشط واےل ےصح ۔14

اامعتسل یک تایت ےہ۔ ہکبج دورسے ےصح ںیم verb اور

یک verb ےک اسھت would have یک رسیتی احل

اامعتسل یک تایت ےہ۔ لثما

رسیتی احل

i. If he worked hard, he would have passed. (in-correct)

If he had worked hard, he would have passed. (correct)

ii. If he had run fast, he had caught the train. (in-correct)

If he had run fast, he would have caught the train (correct)

راہ وہ وت رشط اگ، اگ، یگ یگ، ےگ ےگ، وریغہ آ”ارگ اکم یک رشط لبقتسم ںیم ب ایئ تا ریہ وہ ینعی اردو رقفے ںیم دو دہعف ۔15

اامعتسل رک ےت ںیہ۔ Future Indefinite اور دورسے ںیم Present Indefinite واےل ےصح ںیم

i. If she come to me, I shall help her. (in-correct)

If she comes to me, I shall help her. (correct)

ii. If he goes there, he meet his father. (in-correct)

If he goes there, he will meet his father. (correct)

Documents

English Grammar for Beginners