English Grammar for Beginners
Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED
ENGLISH
GRAMMAR for
BEGINNERS
English Grammar for Beginners
Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED
Language: (زب ان)
Language is a medium of expression. It is in fact a collection of
different sounds. These sounds are called LETTERS. Letters are
meaningless sounds e.g: a b c etc. These are called Alphabets. English
language has 26 Alphabets. These 26 Alphabets are further divided
into two catagories: VOWELS (a,e,i,o,u) and CONSONANTS (other
than a,e,i,o,u). Two or more letters make WORD. Words are
meaningful e.g One, Chair, man etc. Two or more words make a
SENTENCE.
ےت ںیہ۔ ان ہی درتقیقح آوازوں اک ومجمہع ےہ۔ ان آوازوں وک رحوف ےتہک ںیہ۔ رحوف ےب ینعم وہ زب ان ااہظر اک ذرہعی ےہ۔
ا ےہ۔ وک رحوف ادجب یھبرحوف
اہ تاب
THE SENTENCE: رقفہ /ہلمج
A combination of words which makes complete sense is called a
sentence.
ا ےہ۔ ب ان رکے رقفہ ومجمہع وج لمکم ب ات ایب اسیوظفلں اک ا
ہلمج الہکب
EXAMPLES:
He goes to school daily. ا ےہ۔
وہ روزاہن وکسل تاب
Do not tell a lie. وبول۔
وھجٹ م
PARTS OF SPEECH: The words used in a sentence are divided into different kinds or
classes according to the work they do in the sentence. these kinds or
classes are called PARTS OF SPEECH. These are:
1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Adjective 4. Preposition
5. Verb 6. Adverb 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection
NOUN: (ا مس)
Noun is a word we use to name a person, a place or a thing.
) Noun ام وک ےتہک زیچ ب اامس( یسک صخش ہگج
۔ںیہےک ب
Ali, lahore, pen, book, dog, courage etc.
English Grammar for Beginners
Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED
NUMBER:
There are only two numbers (یتنگ) in English, the SINGULAR (one
person or thing) and the PLURAL (more than one person or thing).
SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL Boy Boys Girl Girls
Toy Toys Book Books
Pen Pens Chair Chairs
Table Tables Desk Desks
Night Nights Day Days
Cow Cows Monkey Monkeys
Donkey Donkeys Horse Horses
Friend Friends Poet Poets
Dog Dogs Cat Cats
Arm Arms Leg Legs
Hand Hands Ticket Tickets
Cap Caps Flower Flowers
Plant Plants Tree Trees
Bird Birds Bat Bats
Racket Rackets Pin Pins
Bangle Bangles Calf Calves
Shirt Shirts Locket Lockets
House Houses Room Rooms
Roof Roofs Wall Walls
Kitchen Kitchens Door Doors
Window Windows Chief Chieves
Hoof Hoofs Dwarf Dwarfs
Proof Proofs Gulf Gulfs
Thief Thieves Wolf Wolfs
Leaf Leaves Calf Calves
Life Lives Knife Knives
Class Classes Bench Benches
Watch Watches Brush Brushes
Dish Dishes Tax Taxes
Box Boxes Bush Bushes
Match Matches Wife Wives
Kiss Kisses Mango Mangoes
Buffalo Buffaloes Volcano Volcanoes
Potato Potatoes Hero Heroes
Negro Negroes Dynamo Dynamos
Piano Pianos Cuckoo Cuckoos
English Grammar for Beginners
Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED
Bamboo Bamboos Duty Duties
City Cities Baby Babies
Lady Ladies Story Stories
Army Armies Pony Ponies
Fly Flies Woman Women
Man Men Tooth Teeth
Foot Feet Mouse Mice
Goose Geese Brother Brothers
Child Children Branch Branches
Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law Ox Oxen
Court-Martial Courts-martial Passer- by Passers-by
Mr Messers Miss Misses
Step-father Step-fathers Mrs Mesdames
Following Nouns are used only in the plural: Trousers Spectacles Scissors
Drwers Measles Mumps
Riches Tidings
Following Nouns are used only in the singular: News Innings Mathematics
Physics Politics Mechanics
Gender: Gender shows the difference of sex.
Masculine Gender: A noun that denotes male animal.
e.g. Boy, Lion
Feminine Gender: A noun that denotes female animal.
e.g. Girl, Lioness
Common Gender: A noun that denoteseither sex.
e.g. Baby, Friend
Neuter Gender: A noun that denotes Lifeless things.
e.g. Apple, Book
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Boy Girl Brother Sister
Bull Cow Cock Hen
Dog Bitch Father Mother
Horse Mare Husband Wife
Man Woman Nephew Niece
Papa Mamma Son Daughter
Uncle Aunt Giant Giantess
English Grammar for Beginners
Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED
Author Authoress Host Hostess
Heir Heiress Lion Lioness
Shepherd Shepherdess Poet Poetess
Manager Manageress Actor Actress
Instructor Instructress Hunter Hunteress
Conductor Conductress Tiger Tigress
Negro Negress Waiter Waitress
Traitor Traitress
PRONOUN: (ا مس ریمض)
A Pronoun is used instead of a noun to avoid repitition of the noun.
اہک امس وک ب ار ب ار ہن انھکل ڑپے۔ امس ریمض
ا ےہ ب
امس یک ہگج اھکل تاب
e.g. Ali was late. He was ill.
PERSONAL PRONOUN: ( ذایتا مس ریمض )
FIRST PERSON: (the person speaking) ملکتم I & WE
SECOND PERSON: (the person spoken to) احرض YOU
THIRD PERSON: (the person spoken)
HE, SHE, It & THEY اغئ
PERSONAL PRONOUN :( Cases)
Nominative Possessive Accusative I my / mine me
We our / ours us
You your / yours you
He his him
She Her Her
It Its It
They Their Them
RELATIVE PRONOUN:
The word that works as conjunction as well as pronoun is called
relative pronoun. These are: Who, Whose, Whom, Which, That Who is at the door?
Whose pen is this?
He is the boy whom I met in the party.
Who, is used ofr human beings and which is used for other than
humanbeings while that is used for both.
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLEL PRONOUNS:
1. Naureen and _______ were present. (I, me)
English Grammar for Beginners
Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED
2. It was Salma _______ called on you. (whom, who)
3. It might have been ________ . (he, him)
4. Can you write English as well as _______ . (they, them)
5. You are taller than _____ . (he, him)
6. He is better bats man than _______ . (we, us)
7. Nobody but _____ was absent. (she, her)
8. She and _____ are good friends. (I, me)
9. He lost his bat, and we ______ . (our, ours)
10. The bike _______ has been stolen is not his. (which, who)
Answers:
1. I 2. who 3. him 4. they 5. he
6. we 7. she 8. I 9. ours 10. Which
SOME RULES REGARDING THE CORRECT USE OF
VERB
(Verb) ےک ب ارے ںیم دنچ اوصل
احل
یک درس
زی ےلمج ںیم ۔1
ا always, daily, every day ارگ ارگنی وریغہ اک ذرک وہ وت وہ ہلمج ومعما often ب
Present Indefinite Tense ا ےہ۔ اس وصرت ںیم
یک ونتیع ےک اطمقب لعف یک یلہپ افرم subject اک وہب
ا۔ helping verb اامعتسل یک تایت ےہ۔ اس ںیم
اامعتسل ںیہن ایک تاب
ام وہ وت اس ےک He, She, It افلع (subject) ارگ ونٹ:
ا s ےک اسھت verb ب ا وادح ب اک ااضہف ایک es ب
ا ےہ۔
تاب
i. He go to school every day. (In-correct)
He goes to school every day. (Correct)
ii. We often writing a letter. (In-correct)
We often write a letter. (Correct)
ز رکےن واےل ےلمج اعم وطر رپ ۔2 وہ ےت ںیہ۔ لثما Present Indefinite Tense اعدت ب ا ومعمل اظہ
i. He drive a taxi. (In-correct)
He drives a taxi. (Correct)
ii. We had smoked. (In-correct)
We smoke. (Correct)
Past Indefinite وہ وت وہ ہلمج last year, last month, last day, ago ارگ ےلمج ںیم ۔3
Tenseا ےہ۔
اک وہب
i. She (comes) here yesterday. (in-correct)
English Grammar for Beginners
Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED
She came here yesterday. (correct)
ii. I (buy) this car last year. (in-correct)
I bought this car last year. (correct)
اک ذرک وہ وہ یھب verb نج ولمجں ںیم ۔4
دب ا ایگ وہ ینعی دن ب ا وق
ےک Past Indefinite Tense اک وق
وہ ےت ںیہ۔ لثما
i. We go to Lahore on Friday. (in-correct)
We went to Lahore on Friday. (correct)
ii. He reaches here in the afternoon. (in-correct)
He reached here in the afternoon. (correct)
ےک اسھت یسک ےنیہم ب ا اسل next year, next month, next day, tomorrow ارگ ےلمج ںیم ۔5
ا ےہ۔ اس وصرت ںیم Future Indefinite Tense ر رپ وہ ہلمجاک ذرک وہ وت اعم وط
یک یلہپ افرم ےک verb اک وہب
ا will اسھت ا ےہ۔ shall ب
اگلب ا تاب
i. They learn their lesson tomorrow. (in-correct)
They will learn their lesson tomorrow. (correct)
ii. I construct a house next year. (in-correct)
I shall construct a house next year. (correct)
ا ےہ اےسی ولمجں Present Continuous Tense وہ وت وہ ہلمج is, are, am ارگ ےلمج ںیم ۔6
اک وہب
ا now ںیم اعم وطر رپ افرم اامعتسل وہیت ےہ۔ لثما ing یک verb ےک اافلظ آ ےت ںیہ۔ اس ںیم at present ب
i. He is write a letter now. (in-correct)
He is writing a letter now. (correct)
ii. You are learn music at present. (in-correct)
You are learning music at present. (correct)
ا was ارگ ےلمج ںیم ۔7 ا ےہ Past Continuous Tense وہ وت وہ were ب
۔ اےسی ولمجں ںیم اعم اک وہب
ا then وطر رپ افرم اامعتسل وہیت ےہ۔ لثما ing یک verb وریغہ ےک اافلظ اگل ےت ںیہ۔ ان ںیم at that time ب
i. I was gone to school then. (in-correct)
I was going to school then. (correct)
ii. We were play tennis. (in-correct)
We were playing tennis. (correct)
زی ےلمج ںیم ۔8
اک ہلمج Future Continuous Tense وہ وت shall be ب ا will be ارگ ارگنی
ا ےہ۔ اس ںیم یھب
ا next day افرم اامعتسل وہیت ےہ۔ اےسی ولمجں ںیم یھب ing وہب وریغہ اافلظ tomorrow ب
آ ےت ںیہ۔ لثما
i. We shall be take examination tomorrow. (in-correct)
English Grammar for Beginners
Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED
We shall be taking examination tomorrow. (correct)
ii. She will be knit a sweater. (in-correct)
She will be knitting a sweater. (correct)
ےک نیعت ےک ریغب ۔9
زی ےلمج ںیم وق
ا has ارگ ارگنی ا have ب Present ہلمجوریغہ آتاںیئ وت had ب
Perfect ا یک رسیتی افرم اامعتسل وہیت ےہ۔ لثما verb اک وہ اتکس ےہ۔ ان ںیم ہشیمہ Past Perfect ب
i. I have wrote a letter. (in-correct)
I have written a letter. (correct)
ii. The Headmaster has making a speech. (in-correct)
The Headmaster has made a speech. (correct)
iii. He had came home before the sun set. (in-correct)
He had come home before the sun set. (correct)
ب ا دمت ےک نیعت ےک اسھت ۔10
ا have been ارگ ےلمج ںیم لعف ےک وق ا has been ب ا had been ب ب
will have been ہلمجآتاےئ وت Present Perfect Continuous ا Past Perfect ب
Continuousا ا ےہ ان ےک دعبFuture Perfect Continuous ب
یک یلہپ افرم ےک اسھت verb اک وہب
ing اامعتسل رک ےت ںیہ اےسی ولمجں ںیم اعم وطر رپ since ا ا ےہ۔ for ب
اک اامعتسل وہب
i. We have been lived here for the two years. (in-correct)
We have been living here for two years. (correct)
ii. She has been plucks flowers since morning. (in-correct)
She has been plucking flowers since morning. (correct)
iii. We had been played tennis since ten o' clock. (in-correct)
We had been playing tennis since ten o' clock. (correct)
زی ےلمج ںیم ۔11
ا will have ارگ ارگنی وریغہ ادمادی لعف وہ وت ہی لبقتسم لمکم اک ہلمج وہاگ۔ shall have ب
ا by the next year, by the next month اےسی ےلمج ںیم اعم وطر رپ وریغہ ےک اافلظ by now ب
یک رسیتی افرم اامعتسل وہیگ۔ لثما verb آ ےت ںیہ۔ اس ںیم
i. The birds will have flying in the air by now. (in-correct)
The birds will have flown in the air by now. (correct)
ii. We shall have prepare for the examination by the next year. (in-
correct) We shall have prepared for the examination by the next year.
(correct)
یسک ےلمج ںیم ۔12
,Should, Can, Could, Must, Ought to, May, Do, Does ج
Did, To, Let, Might, Would وریغہ ےک اافلظ وہں وت ان ںیم verb یک یلہپ افرم اامعتسل یک تایت ےہ۔
لثما
English Grammar for Beginners
Compiled by: HAFIZ ASHFAQ AHMED
i. We should went to the river for a walk. (in-correct)
We should go to the river for a walk. (correct)
ii. He ought to obeys his parents. (in-correct)
He ought to obey his parents. (correct)
iii. Let me (gone). (in-correct)
Let me go. (correct)
اامعتسل verb اس ںیم یھبارگ رقفے اک الہپ ہصح میض وہ وت دورسا ہصح یھب میض ںیم وہاگ۔ ینعی ۔13
یک دورسی احل
، تقیقح، ومعمل ب ا رمس و رواج وہ وت
یہ اامعتسل وہیگ۔ verb وہیگ ارگ دورسے ےصح ںیم اعریگمل دصاق
یک یلہپ احل
i. I said that I take tea. (in-correct)
I said that I took tea. (correct)
ii. She said to me that she knits a sweater. (in-correct)
She said to me that she knitted a sweater. (correct)
iii. He said that the earth was round. (in-correct)
He said that the earth is round. (correct)
had ےک دعبsubject واےل ےصح ںیم If ںیم ینعیارگ اکم یک رشط میض ںیم ب ایئ تاریہ وہ وت رشط واےل ےصح ۔14
اامعتسل یک تایت ےہ۔ ہکبج دورسے ےصح ںیم verb اور
یک verb ےک اسھت would have یک رسیتی احل
اامعتسل یک تایت ےہ۔ لثما
رسیتی احل
i. If he worked hard, he would have passed. (in-correct)
If he had worked hard, he would have passed. (correct)
ii. If he had run fast, he had caught the train. (in-correct)
If he had run fast, he would have caught the train (correct)
راہ وہ وت رشط اگ، اگ، یگ یگ، ےگ ےگ، وریغہ آ”ارگ اکم یک رشط لبقتسم ںیم ب ایئ تا ریہ وہ ینعی اردو رقفے ںیم دو دہعف ۔15
اامعتسل رک ےت ںیہ۔ Future Indefinite اور دورسے ںیم Present Indefinite واےل ےصح ںیم
i. If she come to me, I shall help her. (in-correct)
If she comes to me, I shall help her. (correct)
ii. If he goes there, he meet his father. (in-correct)
If he goes there, he will meet his father. (correct)