Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

FORMAffirmative (Potvrdni oblik) se tvori od prezenta

pom.glagola HAVE ili HAS (3rd person singular) + particip prošli glavnog glagola:

I have (I’ve) been to Turkey before.

He has (He’s) had this car for years.

We have (We’ve) seen him earlier.

Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

Negative (Odrični oblik) se tvori od pomoćnog glagola HAVE ili HAS + NOT + particip prošli glavnog glagola

HAVE NOT = HAVEN’T

HAS NOT = HASN’T

They have not (haven’t) fed the monkeys.

She has not (hasn’t) eaten anything yet.

I have not (haven’t) seen him for ages.

Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

Questions (Pitanja) tvorimo inverzijom, tj. zamjenom mjesta pom.glagola i subjekta:

Have you heard about Susan? No, I haven’t.

Has he told you the news? Yes, he has.

Have they seen the play yet? No, they haven’t.

Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

USE

1. Da govorimo o prošlim radnjama ili događajima koji imaju rezultate ili posljedice sada:

The manager has gone out. (he is still not here now).

I’ve cut my finger. (I did it some time ago but it’s still bandaged)

He hasn’t cut his hair. (his hair is still long)

Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

2. Da govorimo o radnjama koje su počele u prošlosti i koje još uvijek traju sada:

The weather has been great since Sunday. (the weather was beautiful on Sunday and it still is)

I’ve always liked chocholate. (I liked it in the past and I still like it)

Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

Uz ovu upotrebu često koristimo priloge vremena FOR i SINCE:

FOR – a period of time

I have lived in this house for twenty years.

SINCE – a point in time

I’ve lived in this house since 1980.

Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

3. Za pojedinačnu ili ponavljanu prošlu radnju, često s prilozima vremena poput before, often, sometimes, usually, kada ne znamo ili nas ne interesira tačno vrijeme dešavanja radnje:

I have played that CD before.

We’ve been to Paris before.

Have you ever eaten sweet potatoes?

Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

TIME ADVERBIALS

1. Before, ever, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, just (pozicija je obično iza has/have, a ponekad na kraju rečenice):

Have you ever been abroad?

We’ve never met him.

I have seen him here often.

Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

2. Already u izjavnim rečenicama (obično iza have), i yet u pitanjima i odričnim rečenicama (obično na kraju rečenice):

I’ve already had lunch.

Have you had lunch yet?

I haven’t had lunch yet.

Grammar 1. Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnji perfekt)

3. For, since, all my life

I haven’t seen him for ages.

We’ve known each other since we were at school.

I’ve loved poetry all my life.

Grammar 1. Present Perfect and Past Simple

- Kada koristimo Present Perfect želimo povezati prošli događaj i sadašnju situaciju.

- Kada se izražavamo Present Perfect Tensom ne znamo, ili nas ne interesira tačno vrijeme dešavanja neke radnje ili događaja.

- Kada govorimo o određenom prošlom vremenu, moramo upotrijebiti Past Simple Tense

Grammar 1. Present Perfect and Past Simple

Compare:

I broke my leg last year. (in the past, no link between this past event and now)

I’ve broken my leg. (It’s still broken now, and I can’t walk)

I went to the United States in 1990. (we know precisely when it happened)

I’ve been to the United States before. (I was there in the past, and it doesn’t matter when)

Phrases

In English – Na engleskom

Excuse me – izvini, oprosti

See you again – doviđenja, vidimo se

They say – kažu, priča se