Energy FUNdamentals

The Good News

“The increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added by heating the system, minus the amount lost as a result of the work done by the system on its surroundings.”

HUH?

1st law of thermodynamics

http://mooreslore.corante.com/archives/images/homer%20simpson.gif

The Good News

The amount of energy in the universe is constant.

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

Forms of Energy

mechanical

(kinetic)

http://z.about.com/d/miami/1/0/z/5/bike.jpg

Forms of Energy

heat

(thermal)

http://www.furniturehomedesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/space-heater.jpg

Forms of Energy

electricalhttp://www.juniorcitizen.org.uk/kids/electricalsafety/electricity.gif

Forms of Energy

Chemical 1http://i176.photobucket.com/albums/w172/bidule-78/muscles-1.jpg

Forms of Energy

Chemical 2http://www.photoshoponline.co.uk/ekmps/shops/thephotoshop/images/duracell_batteries_set(1).jpg

Forms of Energy

Solar (radiant)http://z.about.com/d/space/1/5/Y/Q/sun_tour.jpg

Forms of Energy

Nuclear Fissionhttp://www.chemistryland.com/ChemEdArticle/FissionNoText.jpg

Forms of Energy

Nuclear Fusionhttp://www.lancs.ac.uk/ug/hussainw/fusion.jpg

Energy Transformations

http://zedomax.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/300px-incandescent_light_bulb.png

electricallight

(radiant)

+

heat

Energy Unit Conversions

• 1 Btu = 1055 J J (Joules)• 1 Btu = 252 cal Btu (British thermal units)• 1 Cal = 1,000 cal cal (calories)• 1 Cal = 3.97 Btu Cal (food calories)• 1 kWh = 3413 Btu kWh (kiloWatthours)• 1 therm = 100,000 Btu

Energy Equivalents

• 1 barrel (bbl) crude oil = 5,800,000 Btu• 1 gal gasoline = 124,000 Btu• 1 ton (2,000 lbs) bituminous coal =

25,000,000 Btu• 1,000 cubic feet natural gas = 1,035,000 Btu• 1 gram Uranium (235U): Nuclear Energy =

78,400,000 Btu• 1 gram Deuterium (2H): Sun Energy =

225,000,000 Btu• 1 mass-gram any solid: E= mc2 energy =

85,000,000,000 Btu

The Bad News

What?

The Bad News

Energy always flows downhill (from a hot body to a cold one)

The Bad News

The disorder of a system can never decrease

When energy is transformed some energy is “lost”

http://www.musclecarclub.com/petrol/free_gasoline_prices.jpg http://www.funkymotors.ie/images_p/honda_civic_komodo_01_496.jpg

When energy is transformed some energy is “lost” as

heat

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/reviews/thermo/heat_tax.gif

energy loss in a car

http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/transportation/consumer_tips/images/energy_losses_in_car.gif

Generation of Electricity I

Generation of Electricity II

http://www.lenntech.com/images/Boiler%20FE%20images/boiler-schema.jpg

Generation of Electricity III

http://www.powergeneration.siemens.com/NR/rdonlyres/2C99211B-D6C1-4FC4-BB74-FDF6C4216981/0/Steam_Turbine_Altbach_001339.jpg

Generation of Electricity IV

http://www.jmg-galleries.com/blog_images/sea_of_power_lines_sf_520c.jpg

Coal = Chemical Heat + Light

Steam = Heat Mechanical +

Turbine = Mechanical Electricity

Power Lines = Electricity Electricity

waste

waste

waste

waste

Why doesn’t the earth run out of useable energy?

http://www.foxnews.com/images/281424/0_61_snowball_earth.jpg

The Sun is pumping energy into the earth’s atmosphere 24/7

http://www.bnsc.gov.uk/assets/channels/education/ae/sun_main.jpg

http://global-warming.accuweather.com/blogpics/globe-modis-browse.jpg

http://www.solar-benefits.com/index.5.gif