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Energy FUN damentals. The Good News. 1 st law of thermodynamics. “The increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added by heating the system, minus the amount lost as a result of the work done by the system on its surroundings.”. HUH?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Energy FUNdamentals
The Good News
“The increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added by heating the system, minus the amount lost as a result of the work done by the system on its surroundings.”
HUH?
1st law of thermodynamics
http://mooreslore.corante.com/archives/images/homer%20simpson.gif
The Good News
The amount of energy in the universe is constant.
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
Forms of Energy
mechanical
(kinetic)
http://z.about.com/d/miami/1/0/z/5/bike.jpg
Forms of Energy
heat
(thermal)
http://www.furniturehomedesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/space-heater.jpg
Forms of Energy
electricalhttp://www.juniorcitizen.org.uk/kids/electricalsafety/electricity.gif
Forms of Energy
Chemical 1http://i176.photobucket.com/albums/w172/bidule-78/muscles-1.jpg
Forms of Energy
Chemical 2http://www.photoshoponline.co.uk/ekmps/shops/thephotoshop/images/duracell_batteries_set(1).jpg
Forms of Energy
Solar (radiant)http://z.about.com/d/space/1/5/Y/Q/sun_tour.jpg
Forms of Energy
Nuclear Fissionhttp://www.chemistryland.com/ChemEdArticle/FissionNoText.jpg
Forms of Energy
Nuclear Fusionhttp://www.lancs.ac.uk/ug/hussainw/fusion.jpg
Energy Transformations
http://zedomax.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/300px-incandescent_light_bulb.png
electricallight
(radiant)
+
heat
Energy Unit Conversions
• 1 Btu = 1055 J J (Joules)• 1 Btu = 252 cal Btu (British thermal units)• 1 Cal = 1,000 cal cal (calories)• 1 Cal = 3.97 Btu Cal (food calories)• 1 kWh = 3413 Btu kWh (kiloWatthours)• 1 therm = 100,000 Btu
Energy Equivalents
• 1 barrel (bbl) crude oil = 5,800,000 Btu• 1 gal gasoline = 124,000 Btu• 1 ton (2,000 lbs) bituminous coal =
25,000,000 Btu• 1,000 cubic feet natural gas = 1,035,000 Btu• 1 gram Uranium (235U): Nuclear Energy =
78,400,000 Btu• 1 gram Deuterium (2H): Sun Energy =
225,000,000 Btu• 1 mass-gram any solid: E= mc2 energy =
85,000,000,000 Btu
The Bad News
What?
The Bad News
Energy always flows downhill (from a hot body to a cold one)
The Bad News
The disorder of a system can never decrease
When energy is transformed some energy is “lost”
http://www.musclecarclub.com/petrol/free_gasoline_prices.jpg http://www.funkymotors.ie/images_p/honda_civic_komodo_01_496.jpg
When energy is transformed some energy is “lost” as
heat
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energy loss in a car
http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/transportation/consumer_tips/images/energy_losses_in_car.gif
Generation of Electricity II
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Generation of Electricity III
http://www.powergeneration.siemens.com/NR/rdonlyres/2C99211B-D6C1-4FC4-BB74-FDF6C4216981/0/Steam_Turbine_Altbach_001339.jpg
Generation of Electricity IV
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Coal = Chemical Heat + Light
Steam = Heat Mechanical +
Turbine = Mechanical Electricity
Power Lines = Electricity Electricity
waste
waste
waste
waste
Why doesn’t the earth run out of useable energy?
http://www.foxnews.com/images/281424/0_61_snowball_earth.jpg
The Sun is pumping energy into the earth’s atmosphere 24/7
http://www.bnsc.gov.uk/assets/channels/education/ae/sun_main.jpg
http://global-warming.accuweather.com/blogpics/globe-modis-browse.jpg
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