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Presented by: Bill Brayton ATRA Senior Research Technician Hydraulic Fundamentals

Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

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Page 1: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Presented by:Bill Brayton

ATRA Senior Research Technician

Hydraulic Fun‐damentals

Page 2: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Welcome To Today’s Presentation

Sponsored By:

Page 3: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions
Page 4: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Any Questions Or Comments Please Send Emails To [email protected]

Any Questions That You May Have During The Webinar Please Feel

Free To Text Them In At Any Time

Page 5: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions
Page 6: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentals

IntroductionLearning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions of an automatic transmission and project the outcome of a targeted modification. Another part of this understanding is the effect valve size and spring tension have on the various valves.

This webinar is designed to help you:

1. Understand valve functions.2. Develop the skills for reading oil schematics, so you can isolate the valves responsible for a given function or malfunction and address it with a targeted modification that will offer the results you’re looking for.

Page 7: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentals

Valve Types1. Regulator: A regulator valve lowers pressure from a higher‐pressure source. A regulator can 

have a static setting, producing a constant value of pressure; or it can vary the pressure output, based on the influences from mechanical force or hydraulic pressure.

2. Switch: A switch valve works like a light switch; it’s either on or off. It supplies a component or another valve with oil, or it exhausts the oil to the sump. The most common valve of this type is a shift valve. It can direct oil to a shifting element, like a servo or clutch drum; or it can switch oil pressure between two other valves. Many PWM regulators are really switch valves that open and close so quickly they actually operate as a regulator; but the valve is still considered a switch.

3. Servo: A servo valve moves another valve; either a switch valve or regulator valve.

Page 8: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsRegulator Valves

One of the first exercises in understanding valve function and oil schematic interpretation is identifying the three types of valves. The regulator valve is the most common, but the most difficult to recognize because there are several types of regulators. There are two properties common to all regulators that will help you identify them:

1. Nearly all regulators use a spring 2. Source pressure is used to move the vale toward the spring

All regulators require a balance system to maintain regulation. Most balance systems take pressure that the regulator has modified and uses it on an area of the regulator. This balance pressure works on the valve to move it toward the spring.

In these examples, there are three basic regulators. In the first example, the balance oil is regulated pressure that is diverted to the end of the valve.

Balance Pressure

Mainline(source pressure)

Regulated Pressure

Page 9: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsRegulator Valves (continued)

Regulator Valve with Internal Balance

The second regulator uses an internal balance system: Pressure isn’t diverted to the end of the valve; instead, the pressure goes between two of the lands on the valve. Since the land closer to the spring is larger, the force created by hydraulic pressure pushes the valve toward the spring.

Page 10: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsRegulator Valves (continued)

Regulator Valve with External Balance

The third type of regulator is a main pressure regulator, which operates by bleeding off pressure directly from the pump feed to maintain a balanced pressure.The source pressure for the main pressure regulator originates from the pump, rather than a regulated source. These main pressure regulators use mainline pressure to provide balance pressure. This prevents the entire system from exceeding the level set for the system.

Page 11: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsSwitch Valves

Switch valves, as their name implies, switch oil on or off. They can direct oil to a shifting element or another valve.

Switch valves don’t vary pressure like a regulator; they’re either open or closed. Typically, when a switch valve closes a circuit, it will also open that circuit to exhaust.

There is one property of a switch valve that makes it  easy to identify: A switch valve doesn’t use source pressure to move the valve. There’s always some other force that moves the valve.

In the next two examples, there are two basic switch valves. In the first example the valve is controlled mechanically. This would be used as a manual valve or detent valve. In the second example, the switch valve is controlled by some other pressure. This arrangement is commonly used for shift valves.

Switch Valve with Mechanical Link

Page 12: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsSwitch Valves (continued)

Switch Valve without Mechanical Link

Page 13: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsServo Valves

Servo valves serve one main purpose: To move other valves. But sometimes a manufacturer will also use a servo valve as regulator or a switch. You may want to consider these combination valves. A combination valve then can be referred to as a servo/switch valve, or a servo/regulator valve; but its primary function is a servo valve. The next three illustrations are of servo valves.

6L80E

Bumper Spring

Page 14: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

4L60E

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsServo Valves (continued

Servo/Switch Valve

Page 15: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

RE5R05A TCC Control Valve 

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsServo Valves (continued)

Page 16: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentals

Switch Valves that Regulate Pressure

Many units today control line pressure using a pulse width modulated solenoid. These solenoids open and close very quickly, which regulates the pressure applied to one side of a switch valve. This causes the switch valve to float between wide open and full closed, regulating the pressure to the circuit. Even though these valve regulate pressure, they’re still considered switch valves.

Page 17: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentals

Switch Valves that Regulate Pressure (continued)

Here the solenoid is receiving a pulsed signal. These pulses are so fast, they cause the switch valve to float between open and closed, causing the valve to work as a regulator. 

Page 18: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentals4L60E Pressure Regulator Valve

Components and Line Pressure Rise

Regulator Valve

Servo Valve

A

Pressure Regulators

Page 19: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsPressure Regulators(continued) 604 Pressure Regulator

Reverse Position

Page 20: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsPressure Regulators(continued)

62TE/41TE VLPS

What is the purpose of the solenoid?

Page 21: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsPressure Regulators(continued) Honda Pressure Regulator

Honda’s operate at a constant pressure.How does line pressure rise happen? 

A

Line Pressure increases when the stator tube twists with torque. This increases the spring weight which raises line pressure.

Page 22: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsPressure Regulators(continued)

6R60/80 Pressure Regulator

Page 23: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsShift Feel

The 1‐2 and 3‐4 accumulator assemblies help cushion the 2‐4 band apply rate. These assemblies use an accumulator  fluid pressure to assist spring force.  Accumulator fluid pressure is regulated by the accumulator valve in relation to torque signal fluid pressure.  The pressure control (PC) solenoid is controlled by the PCM and regulates torque signal fluid pressure in relation to engine torque, throttle position and other vehicle operating conditions.When engine torque is a maximum, a greater apply pressure is required to prevent the band from slipping during apply and hold the band against the reverse input housing.  When engine torque is a minimum, the band requires less apply force and a slower apply rate.  The regulating action of the accumulator valve compensates for these various operating conditions by increasing accumulator fluid pressure as engine torque and torque signal fluid pressure increase.

1‐2 and 3‐4 ACCUMULATOR ASSEMBLIES Accumulator Valve Function

4L60E

Page 24: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsShift Feel

4R100Use the previous page valve description to identify the operation of this accumulator system.

Page 25: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsShift Feel

BYBA

1st Gear Steady State

All shift solenoids are on.

Page 26: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsShift Feel

BYBA

Inbetween 1st and 2nd Gear

The Clutch Pressure Control (CPC) solenoids control the apply and release rate of the clutches. This is how shift feel is controlled. 

Shift solenoids still on.

Page 27: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsShift Feel

BYBA

2nd Gear Steady State

To finish the shift process shift solenoid C turns off and moves shift valve C to connect line pressure to the 2ndclutch.

Page 28: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentalsShift Feel

In between 4th & 5th.Notice that both CPC solenoids and valves are working to apply and release the clutches.

BYBA

Page 29: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

As part of the H1 Fundamental testing you will be asked to identify all the valves in a valve body. Using the illustration on the next page we will go over the various valves and valve types.This will be a part of the H1 hydraulic fundamentals test.

RV = Regulator ValveSWV = Switch valveSV = Servo Valve

Hydraulic Fun‐damentals

Page 30: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Hydraulic Fun‐damentals4R70W

RVRVRV

SWVRV

SWV

RV

SWV

SWV

SWV

RVSWV

SVRV

SV

SWV

Page 31: Hydraulic Fun damentals · Hydraulic Fun‐damentals Introduction Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand hydraulic functions

Today’s Presentation Sponsored By:

Any Questions?Thank You For Attending