Employee OJT Workbook - ecsc.org

SYSTEM OPERATOR Electric Cooperatives of South Carolina, Inc.

Employee OJT Workbook

L O S S C O N T R O L & T R A I N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

System Operator

Electric Cooperatives of South Carolina, Inc. 808 Knox Abbott Dr. Cayce, SC 29033-3311

(803) 796-6060

Created: January, 2021

TA B LE O F CONT E NTS Introduction 1 Core Job requirements 2 NLC training 3 Workbook completion requirements 4 Acronyms 5 Communication Systems Functions of the AMI network 7 PUPS 9 Reliability Metrics 10 Communicating with others 11 GIS Functionality & Interconnection 12 Impact on daily work 13 GIS & OMS 14

Troubleshooting 15 Timing of updates 15 Correct mapping 16 Work Order vs. Service Order 16 Trace lines 17 Member Services Customer Account features 18 Customer Account tasks 19 Emergency Disconnect/Reconnect 20 Customer notes & Service Order comments 21 Call Centers 22 SCADA SCADA terms 23 Main bus line & voltage 24 High side switches 24 Transformer values 24 Main bus and tie switches 24

Transfer bus & tie switches 24 Analog values & status points 25 Substation identification 25 Steps to control devices 26 SCADA reports 27 VR control 31 Load control messages 31 Information Technology OMS software 32 Cyber Security 33 Desktop protection 33 Cyber Security training 33 Operations PPE 34 Personal protective grounds 34 Distribution grounding 34 RUS specifications 35 Air gap 35 Line feeds 35 Line switches / switching 36 Field apparatus 37 Tie points 39 Radial vs. Loop 40 Backfeeds 41 Hot line tag / non-reclose 42 Mayday procedures 43 Service area knowledge 44

Warehouse / Facilities Materials / processes 45 Inventory control 46 Warehouse security 46 Facility security 47 Alarms 47

Power Delivery Substation Substation PPE 48 Ground grid 48 Entry 49 Security 49 Switches 50 Transformers 52 Voltage regulation 52 Metering 53 Batteries 54 Protection 54 Outage scenarios 55 Switching orders 55 Power Delivery Planning Different types of faults 57 Protection devices 58 Coordination 59 Coordinating fuse sizes 60 Voltage ranges 61 Capacitors 62 Engineering Analysis Model 63 Wire sizes 64 Loose or broken neutrals 65

Power Delivery Apparatus Transformers 66 Reclosers 67 Oil spills & SPCC 67

System Design Outages 70 Planning / Design 71 Operations / GIS 72 Outdoor lighting 73 Marketing Load management 74 Co-op programs 74 Rate schedules 76 Additional Tasks 78

1

INTRODUCTION

The ECSC System Operator training program comprises two parts: Northwest Lineman College (NLC) System Operator distance learning curriculum and on-the-job training (OJT) supported by the cooperative. The NLC distance learning curriculum consists of three modules with a combined total of 22 chapters. The trainee shall take a test at the end of each chapter, to be administered by a cooperative facilitator. A minimum test score of 80% is required to pass each chapter. Trainees will have 36 months to successfully complete all three NLC modules. The OJT manual consists of 12 sections which include field and office tasks. It is recommended that system operator supervisors assist trainees with coordinating the on-the-job training as outlined in this manual. The trainee will be given a copy of this manual and is expected to complete the manual as outlined within 36 months. Upon completion of a task, the trainer should sign off on the task and document the completion date.

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System Operator

Core Job Requirements Recommended Core Training Requirements for 3-Month Employee The completion of the following training requirements shall be verified by the signature of the Safety Director, System Operator Supervisor, or Department Manager. Safety Manual Review

Completed date: _________________ Signature: ________________________ Fire Extinguisher

Completed date: _________________ Signature: ________________________ Hazard Communication

Completed date: _________________ Signature: ________________________ Bloodborne Pathogen

Completed date: _________________ Signature: ________________________ Security & Emergency Preparedness

Completed date: _________________ Signature: ________________________

Other: Completed date: _________________ Signature: ________________________

Other:

Completed date: _________________ Signature: ________________________ Other:

Completed date: _________________ Signature: ________________________ Other:

Completed date: _________________ Signature: ________________________

3

NLC Training Completed Passing Score System Operator Module 1 Test Date Basic Electrical Theory AC Fundamentals Electrical Systems Introduction to Power Delivery Personal Protective Grounding Working on Lines and Stations Introduction to Substations

System Operator Module 2 System Power Flow Maps and Standards Substation Maps and Standards Disconnects and Switches Circuit Breakers Substation Transformers Capacitors, Reactors, and Surge Arrestors System Operator Module 3 Substation System Operation System Operation Substation Communication Systems Introduction to Substation DC Systems System Automation Substation System Protection Trouble Investigation Relays

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SYSTEM OPERATOR

Workbook Completion Requirements

The training is divided in 12 areas:

Communication Systems Warehouse

GIS Power Delivery Substation

Member Services Power Delivery Planning

SCADA Power Delivery Apparatus

Information Technology System Design

Operations Marketing

The trainee shall train in each of these twelve areas long enough to gain a good understanding of the required tasks. The system operator shall be responsible for coordinating training with their supervisor to meet these requirements. Training dates shall be documented for each task.

Trainer Responsibilities Trainers should sign off on tasks only after the trainee has demonstrated proficiency at the task.

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Acronyms 1. Identify and give a brief description of each of the following acronyms commonly used in an

Operations Center:

CA -

OMS -

AMI -

CIS -

GIS -

RTU -

SCADA -

GOAB -

OCR -

SCDHEC -

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SPCC -

Other : -

Other : -

Other : -

Other : -

Other : -

Other : -

Other : -

Other : -

Other : -

Other : -

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Communication Systems

1. Explain the following functions of the AMI Network:

Explain the importance of meter reads:

How a disconnect and reconnect work through AMI:

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How AMI is tied into OMS for pinging meters:

Backfeeding and meter availability:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

9

2. Palmetto Utility Protection Services (PUPS) / South Carolina 811:

Explain the general process of South Carolina 811:

Explain the process for emergency locates:

10

Explain the process for after-hour locates:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

3. Reliability Metrics:

Why is it important to enter outages correctly?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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4. Communicate effectively with non-cooperative personnel. Give a brief description of the conversation:

Co-op Member:

Co-op Member:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

Contractor:

Contractor:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

Other utility:

Other utility:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

Transmission:

Transmission:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

Other:

Other:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

Other:

Other:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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GIS

1. Describe the functionality of GIS and the interconnection of other related systems:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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2. Describe how GIS impacts the daily work of Distribution System Operations Center employees:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

14

3. Describe how GIS impacts OMS:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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4. Demonstrate the ability to troubleshoot GIS/OMS:

Event:______________________________Trainer:________________Date:________________



a. Identify clues as to where the problem originates:




i. Determine if the problem is related to CIS or GIS:




b. Explain the timing of updates (CIS & GIS) and how they relate to and when they appear in certain systems; exports and imports of data. Give examples:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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c. What corrective steps should be taken to determine if a device is mapped incorrectly?

i. Communicate with:

ii. Pole location:

iii. Meter #:

iv. Phase:

v. Other (explain):

vi. Other (explain):

vii. What information is needed for the correction?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

5. Describe the difference between a work order and a service order:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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6. Using GIS, demonstrate how to trace lines and search for pole locations, open points, etc.:







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Member Services

1. Demonstrate customer account knowledge to the trainer by identifying various features within a member’s account:

a. Payments

Trainer: Date:

b. Adjustments

Trainer: Date:

c. Service orders

Trainer: Date:

d. Notes

Trainer: Date:

e. Arrangements

Trainer: Date:

f. # of meters on an account

Trainer: Date:

g. Other:

Trainer: Date:

h. Other:

Trainer: Date:

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2. Demonstrate the following:

a. Prove new account payment confirmations (service order may be holding):

Trainer: Date:

b. Evaluate and find a payment when a customer has an arrangement (did they make a

payment on the account or the arrangement?):

Trainer: Date:

c. Determine why the customer does not have power, but they just made a payment:

Trainer: Date:

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d. Describe how actions taken by a System Operator affects Member Service Representatives:

Trainer: Date:

3. Explain in detail the emergency disconnect/reconnect process or protocol:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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4. Describe the difference between a customer note and a service order comment:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

a. Identify when and demonstrate how to add a customer note and service order comment:

Trainer: Date:

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b. Give examples of the types of detailed communication needed by member service representatives via customer notes:

Trainer: Date:

c. Identify who should be notified in certain situations. Develop a cheat sheet for your reference:

Trainer: Date:

5. If applicable, what is the purpose for after-hour /overflow call centers (i.e.: CRC)?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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SCADA

1. List and define SCADA acronyms and terms: (Note: The trainer can identify the cooperative’s commonly used acronyms and terms for the trainee.)

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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2. Identify SCADA substation one lines (could be office and/or field identification): a. Identify main bus line and voltage.

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

b. Identify high side switches and status points:

i. Transmission tie switch

ii. Circuit switcher / circuit breaker iii. High-side bypass switch

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

c. Identify applicable transformer analog values, status points and symbols:

i. Transformer symbol

ii. Analog power values iii. LTC / regulator remote auto-manual iv. LTC / regulator tap (raise, lower) v. LTC / regulator tap position vi. Sensing voltage vii. Low-side bank switch

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

d. Identify main bus and main bus tie switch (if applicable)

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

e. Identify transfer bus and transfer bus tie switch (if applicable)

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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f. Identify applicable SCADA analog values and status points:

i. Bypass breaker switch

ii. Reclosing relay

iii. Hot line tag

iv. Hold tag

v. Ground switch

vi. Targets

vii. Amps

viii. Voltages

ix. MW

x. MVAR

xi. Circuit switcher / circuit breaker

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

g. Identify the following:

i. Substation name (describe what happens when opened):

ii. 911 address

iii. County where substation is located

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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3. Using SCADA, explain the steps for controlling devices:

a. Explain how to verify:

b. Explain the symbols and/or colors for device status:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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4. SCADA reports: a. Analog summary:

i. Explain each analog point and what it is bringing back:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

b. Status summary:

i. Explain normally open and normally closed points:

ii. Explain each status point and what it is monitoring:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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c. Alarm summary:

i. Demonstrate how to filter and view:

1. Alarm limits

2. Alarm limit sets

3. Alarm overrides

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

ii. Review, discuss and demonstrate unacknowledged alarms:

1. Summaries

2. Notes

3. Alarm acknowledgement

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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d. Event summary:

i. Explain and demonstrate how to filter and view events:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

e. Tag summary:

i. Explain how to view only from this summary:

ii. Explain the process for removing or adding tags:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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f. RTU summary:

i. Demonstrate how to view the RTU summary and explain what information is available:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

g. Fault summary:

i. Explain available fault data and its significance:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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5. Voltage and load control:

a. Identify and explain VR control (step verification):

b. Identify and explain load control messages:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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Information Technology

1. Explain the purpose of OMS software:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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2. What is cyber security?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

3. What steps can you take to protect your computer when you are away from your workstation?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

4. If applicable, complete all necessary cyber security training:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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Operations May require time spent in the field.

1. Identify / list personal protective equipment (PPE) used by operations personnel:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

2. Explain why it is important for operations personnel to use personnel protective grounds:

Trainer:______________________________________________Date:_____________________________

3. Identify and explain the importance of the distribution grounding system:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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4. Explain the importance of RUS specifications:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

5. Explain air gap:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

6. Explain line feeds (from the substation to the home):

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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7. What are line switches? Briefly describe switching:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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8. Identify and explain the purpose of the following field apparatus:

a. Recloser: Location: Trainer: Date:

b. OH Transformer: Location: Trainer: Date:

c. URD Transformer: Location: Trainer: Date:

d. Circuit breaker: Location: Trainer: Date:

e. Fuse: Location: Trainer: Date:

f. Lightning Arrestor: Location: Trainer: Date:

g. Regulator: Location: Trainer: Date:

h. Capacitor: Location: Trainer: Date:

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i. Gang-operated air break (GOAB) switch: Location: Trainer: Date:

j. URD switchgear: Location: Trainer: Date:

k. Other - : Location: Trainer: Date:

l. Other - : Location: Trainer: Date:

m. Other - : Location: Trainer: Date:

n. Other - : Location: Trainer: Date:

o. Other - : Location: Trainer: Date:

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9. Explain tie points:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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10. Explain radial and loop feeds:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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11. When is it necessary to backfeed?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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12. Explain the difference between hot line tags, non-reclose and ground block:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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13. Explain the cooperative’s Mayday procedures:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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14. Demonstrate knowledge of the service area and explain the amount of time needed when dispatching to certain locations:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

45

Warehouse / Facilities 1. Tour the warehouse and identify commonly used materials and processes, etc.:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

46

2. Explain warehouse / inventory control:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

3. What security measures are in place for the warehouse?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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4. What security measures are in place for the rest of the facility?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

5. List and briefly describe facility alarms handled by system operators:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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Power Delivery – Sub Station Note: Perform the following for tasks 2 - 11 below (if applicable):

• Identify • Briefly explain its purpose • Explain how it operates • Describe different functions

1. What PPE is needed to enter a substation where work is being performed?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

2. Substation ground grid:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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3. Substation Entry (information to gather for person entering):

a. Name:

b. Reason for entering:

c. Contact information:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

4. Substation Security:

a. Fence:

50

b. Cameras:

c. Alarms:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

5. Switches:

a. Difference between 3-phase and single-phase switches:

b. Switch identification system:

51

c. Manually operated switches:

i. High Side disconnect switches:

ii. Main bus tie switches:

iii. Transfer bus switches:

52

6. Transformers:

a. Power transformers:

b. Station service transformers:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

7. Voltage Regulation:

a. Load Tap Changer (LTC):

53

b. Regulators:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

8. Metering:

a. Potential transformers:

b. Current transformers:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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9. Substation Batteries and Charger:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

10. Substation Protection:

a. Differential Relay:

b. Overcurrent Relay:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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11. Substation Outage Scenarios:

a. Distribution vs. Transmission outage:

b. Multiple substations:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

12. Switching orders:

a. When are they needed?

56

b. Using the cooperative switching order, interpret and explain the steps / key elements:

c. Describe communication w/ field personnel:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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Power Delivery – Planning

1. Describe a three phase, phase-to-phase, and phase-to ground fault:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

58

2. Explain why protection devices are important, where they are placed, and how they improve reliability:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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3. Explain coordination and its importance:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

60

4. Explain where to find the proper fuse sizes to coordinate with reclosers and protect distribution line equipment:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

61

5. According to ANSI standards, what are acceptable voltage ranges at the meter?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

6. Per ANSI standards, fill in the values:

ANSI ACCEPTABLE VOLTAGE RANGE

Voltages Phase-to-Ground (Min/Max) Phase-to-Phase (Min/Max)

120 / 240

120 / 208

240 / 480

277 / 480 Other: Other: Other: Other:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

62

7. What is a capacitor and how does it affect the system?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

63

8. Describe what the Engineering Analysis Model is used for:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

64

9. List wire sizes commonly used by your cooperative:

Primary Secondary

OH URD

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

65

10. Describe the effect of a loose or broke neutral:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

66

Power Delivery – Apparatus 1. Identify and explain the differences between the following transformers:

a. 3-Phase vs Single Phase:

b. Overhead vs Padmount:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

67

2. Identify and explain the differences between the following reclosers:

a. 3-Phase vs Single phase:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

3. Describe how co-workers would respond to oil spills:

a. Non-PCB vs PCB:

b. Containing the spill:

68

c. Details of the spill:

i. Estimate the amount of oil:

ii. Size of the area of the spill:

d. Communication – internal and external (SCDHEC):

69

e. What is an SPCC Plan? Why is it important? Where can you find the cooperative’s plan?

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

70

System Design 1. Describe and document different outage scenarios experienced:

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

71

2. Describe the relationship between Planning and Design:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

72

3. Describe the relationship between Operations / GIS:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

73

4. Outdoor lighting:

a. Describe the maintenance procedure:

b. Describe outage reporting:

c. Describe emergency repair scenarios:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

74

Marketing 1. Load management:

a. What is the purpose for A/C and / or water heater switches?

b. Explain how to handle trouble calls:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

2. Describe the applicable programs and name a point of contact:

a. Capital credits:

75

b. Community engagement:

c. Touchstone Energy:

d. Other -

e. Other -

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f. Other -

g. Other -

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

3. Describe all rate schedules:

a. Commercial:

i. Interruptible:

ii. Demand:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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b. Residential:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

c. TOU:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

d. Solar:

Trainer: ______________________________________________Date:________________________________

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Additional task

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Additional task

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Additional task

Documents

Employee OJT Workbook - ecsc.org