EIA Thai Hoa EN rivised by WB final - The World Bankdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/en/387301468349789885/pdf/E26090… · Design of stormwater and wastewater sewer system ... TCVN

Drainage and wastewater treatment system project forThai Hoa town, Nghe An province”

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - 1 –

PCO Consultant, 2010

CONTENTS

CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... 1

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... 6

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................... 7

2.LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BACKGROUND ......................................................... 10

2.1. Legal background of Viet Nam goverment ........................................................... 10

2.2. Environmental policies of the World Bank (WB) ................................................. 12

2.3. Technical data sources ......................................................................................... 13

3. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY .......................................................................... 15

4. ORGANIZATION ..................................................................................................... 17

4.1. Consultant for preparing Environment Impact Assessment Report ....................... 17

CHAPTER I: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................... 19

1.1. PROJECT NAME: ................................................................................................. 19

1.2. PROJECT OWNER: .............................................................................................. 19

1.3. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ......................................... 19

1.3. TOTAL INVESTMENT ......................................................................................... 19

1.5. SCOPE OF WORK ................................................................................................ 20

1.6.2. Construction of stormwater sewer system .......................................................... 22

1.6.3. Wastewater sewer system ................................................................................. 25

1.6.4. Management and operation of drainage and wastewater treatment system ......... 31

1.6. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...................................................................... 33

CHAPTER II: NATURAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL

CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................... 35

2.1 NATURAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................................... 35

2.1.2. Topography and area ......................................................................................... 35

2.1.2. Climate ............................................................................................................. 36

2.1.3. Geological conditions ........................................................................................ 38

2.1.4. Hydrological conditions .................................................................................... 38

2.1.5. Mineral resource ............................................................................................... 39

2.1.6. Forest Resource ................................................................................................. 39

2.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS.................................................................... 39

2.2.1. Economic development situation ....................................................................... 39

2.2.2. Social development ........................................................................................... 40

2.3. CURRENT SITUATION OF DRAINAGE ........................................................... 43

2.3.1. Current situation of drainage system .................................................................. 43

2.3.2. Current situation of drainage channels and sewers ............................................ 43

2.3.3. Current situation of flooding and inundations .................................................... 44

2.4. CURRENT SITUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION ................... 45

2.4.1. Current situation of household sanitation ........................................................... 45

2.4.2. Current situation of solid waste collection and treatment ................................... 46

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Drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An province”

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) PCO Consultant, 2010

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2.5. OTHER TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONS ............................ 47

2.5.1. Traffic condition ............................................................................................... 47

2.5.2. Power supply..................................................................................................... 48

2.5.3. Water supply ..................................................................................................... 49

2.6. THE STATUS OF ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ................................................. 49

2.6.1. The status of air environment quality ................................................................. 49

2.6.2. The status of surface water environment quality ............................................... 53

2.6.3 The status of underground water environment quality ........................................ 57

2.6.4 The status of wastewater environment quality .................................................... 61

2.6.5. The status of sludge quality ............................................................................... 66

CHAPTER III:

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT .................................................................... 70

3.1. OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACTS OF PROJECT ................................................ 70

3.1.1. Positive impact of the project ............................................................................ 70

3.1.2. Negative impacts of the project ......................................................................... 72

3.1.3. The Project’s affected scale: .............................................................................. 73

3.2. ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSAL TECHNICAL OPTIONS ................................. 74

3.2.1. Design of stormwater and wastewater sewer system .......................................... 74

3.2.2. Location and Design of wastewater pumping station ......................................... 75

3.2.3. Location of Wastewater Treatment Plants selection ........................................... 75

3.2.4. Wastwater treatment technology selection ......................................................... 78

3.2.5. Assessment of wastewater receiving ability of Hieu river: ................................. 79

3.2.6. Assessment of wastewater mixing ability meeting domestic water standard.. ..... 82

3.2.7. Assessment of sludge treatment techonology and discharge location: ................ 85

3.2.8. Compensation and Site Clearance: .................................................................... 86

3.3. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN CLEARANCE PHASE ............ 86

3.3.1. Impacts on atmosphere ...................................................................................... 87

3.3.2. Water pollution sources ..................................................................................... 89

3.3.3. Impacts on soil environment .............................................................................. 89

3.3.4. Solid waste impacts ........................................................................................... 90

3.3.5. Impacts on lanscape .......................................................................................... 90

3.3.6. Impacts on the socio-economic life.................................................................... 91

3.4. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE ..... 91

3.4.1. Impacts on the atmosphere ................................................................................ 93

3.4.2. Impacts on water ............................................................................................... 97

3.4.3. Impacts on soil .................................................................................................. 99

3.4.4. Impacts of solid waste ....................................................................................... 99

3.4.5. Impacts on landscape ..................................................................................... 101

3.3.6. Impacts on the socio-economic life.................................................................. 101

3.5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE

...................................................................................................................................... 103

3.5.1. Bad smell and toxic gas ................................................................................... 104



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3.5.2. Waste water and overflowing rainwater ........................................................... 105

3.5.3. Sludge and domestic solid waste ................................................................... 105

3.3.4. Impacts on landscape ...................................................................................... 106

3.3.5. Environment safety and risks ........................................................................... 106

CHAPTER IV:

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR ADVERSE IMPACTS, PREVENTATION AND

RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ..................................................... 108

4.1. MITIGATION MEASURES IN THE PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE .......... 108

4.1.1. Research methodology and specific assesment on the project area’s location and

land situation ............................................................................................................ 108

4.1.2. Site plans ........................................................................................................ 108

4.2. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................. 109

4.2.1. Air pollution limitation .................................................................................... 109

4.2.2. Mitigation of impact on water environment ..................................................... 110

4.2.3. Mitigation of impact on soil environment ........................................................ 111

4.2.4. Mitigation of impact on transportation and flood in the construction ............... 112

4.2.5. Mitigation measures for environmental problems ............................................ 112

4.3. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE ........................ 113

4.3.1. Minimizing impacts on air environment .......................................................... 113

4.3.2. Minimizing impact on water environment ....................................................... 114

4.3.3. Minimizing impact on soil environment .......................................................... 114

4.3.4. Reducing impact on ecosystem and socio-economy ......................................... 115

4.4. MEASURES FOR PREVENTING ENVIRONMENT RISKS ........................... 115

4.5. FLOOD CONTROLS ........................................................................................... 117

4.6. SANCTION METHODS ...................................................................................... 118

CHAPTER V:

THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................... 119

5.1. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM .............................................. 119

5.1.1. Organization for implementation of EMP ........................................................ 119

5.1.3. Estabilishment of EMP .................................................................................... 122

5.2. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM (EMP) .................................... 134

5.2.1. Environment monitoring plan .......................................................................... 135

5.2.2. The proposed environmental monitoring program for the project. .................... 138

5.3. CAPACITY BUILDING ...................................................................................... 141

CHAPTER VI:

PUBLIC CONSULTATION............................................................................................ 143

6.1. OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ................................................. 143

6.4. METHOD AND ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............. 143

6.3. PUBLIC CONSULTATION RESULTS .............................................................. 144

6.3.1. Consultation results of the affected people....................................................... 144

6.3.2. Results of local authorities consultation. .......................................................... 148

6.6. DISCLOSURE ...................................................................................................... 148



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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................... 150

I. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 150

II. RECOMMENTATIONS ........................................................................................ 151

IX. COMMITMENTS OF THE PROJECT OWNER............................................... 152

APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................... 154



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ABBRIVIATIONS

MONRE The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

MOH The Ministry of Health

CPO The Central Project Office

DONRE The Department of Natural Resources and Environment

DPC District People’s Committee

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EA Environment Assessment

EMP Environment Management Plan

EPC Environment Protection Commitment

FS Feasibility Study

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

SEI Social-Economic Investigation

GOV Government of Vietnam

IDA International Development Association

MARD The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

ND The Decree

ODA Official Development Assistance

PIP Project Implementation Plan

PMM Project Management Manual

PFS Pre-Feasibility Study

PPMU Provincial Project Management Unit

PPC Provincial People’s Committee

PM Pipeline network

WPS Wastewater pumping station

QCVN Vietnam Regulation

TCVN Vietnam Standard

TOR Term of Reference

WB The World Bank

WTP Wastewater Treatment Plant



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LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table i. List of projects that involve making EIA reports or EPCs......... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table1.1. Proposed work on rain water drainage ............................................................. 24

Table 1.4. Project Implementation Schedule ....................................................................... 33

Table: Population of Thai Hoa town up to the end of 2009 ................................................ 40

Table 2.6. The forecast population growth of Thai Hoa town phase 2020 - 2030 .............. 41

Table 2.9. Analyzing results of surrounding air component content .................................. 49

Table 2.10. Analyzing results of surrounding air component content ................................. 50

Table 2.10. Analyzing results of surrounding air component content .... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 2.10. Analyzing results of surrounding air component content .... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 2.11. Analyzing result of surface water quality in studied area ................................. 54

Table 2.12. Analyzing result of surface water quality in studied area .... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 2.13. Analyzing result of underground water in studied area ...... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 2.13. Analyzing result of underground water in studied area ................................... 58

Table 2.14. Analyzing results of wastewater environment quality .......... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

Table 2.15. Analyzing result sludge samples in studied area .............................................. 67

Table 2.15. Analyzing result sludge samples in studied area .... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 5.1: Roles and fuctions of environment management of participations .................. 119

Table 5.2: EMP of project: “Drainage and wastewater treatment for Thai Hoa town, Nghe

An province” ..................................................................................................................... 123

Table 5.3: Environment observation and supervision prpgrams ....................................... 138

LIST OF DIAGRAM, CHART Page

Chart 2.1: The structure of the economic sectors of Thai Hoa Town in 2009 .............................. 40

Chart 2.2. Average income of households (1000 VND/household/month)) .................................. 42

Chart 2.3. Analyzing result of COD (mg/l) criterion in wastewater compared to standard ............. 64

Chart 2.4. Analyzing result of BOD5 (mg/l) criterion in wastewater compared to standard ........... 64

Chart 2.5. Analyzing result of SS (mg/l) criterion in wastewater compared to standard ................ 65



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Chart 2.6. Analyzing result of Coliform criterion in wastewater compared to standard ................. 65



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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction:

Thai Hoa town lies in the northwestern area of Nghe An province on coordinates from

19°13’ – 19°33’ of north latitude and 105 ° 18 '- 105 ° 35' of east longitude; about 90km

distant from Vinh city to the North-West . Along with the whole country and the non-stop

movement of the general development of the world, Thai Hoa town has also achieved certain

progress steps in economy, culture …

Currently, the drainage system in Thai Hoa town is still inadequate; especially there is

no wastewater collection and treatment system. The existing drainage system is completely

natural, fails to meet certain specifications or planning orientations. The absence of a

complete drainage system caused local inundations, rain water natural overflow on the

surface, causing environmental pollution as wastewater is not collected, current sewers are not

periodically dredged, maintained, renovated. The households in the town discharge

wastewater naturally into drainage areas around the house.... causing unpleasant odor, much

affecting the environment and landscape of the town.

Vietnam Urban Wastewater and Water Supply Project (VUWSWP) is funded by ODA

of the World Bank to improve water supply, collection and wastewater treatment system, and

drainage services in the urban areas of several provinces in the country including Thai Hoa

town - Nghe An province. The " Drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai

Hoa Town, Nghe An province" is one of the sub-project of drainage and wastewater treatment

together with the provinces of Thanh Hoa, Quang Nam, Ninh Binh, Lam Dong, Quang Tri

and Binh Phuoc (hereinafter referred to as Thai Hoa town sub-project).

The drainage and wastewater treatment sub-project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An

Province is essential to meet the needs and desires of residents and leaders of all levels of the

town, of the province with an aim to improve environmental sanitation conditions, gradually

completing the technical infrastructure, meeting the needs of a civilized, modern society, and

ensuring sustainable development of the town. The objectives of sub-project inculde: .

- To improve urban environmental conditions and quality of life for residents in

Thai Hoa Town, Nghe An province through the construction of, drainage, and

wastewater treatment works

- To enhance the durability of the urban infrastructure and urban services in Thai

Hoa town

- To reduce environment pollution for urban areas; to reduce epidemics caused by

waste stagnant and untreated wastewater

- To promote economic, social, infrastructure development of Thai Hoa town.

The EIA report for Thai Hoa town sub-project to carry out the Article 18 of the

Environmental Protection Law of the Vietnam Government, the Project Owner requests the

consultant to prepare the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report to submit to the State

management agencies on environmental protection for appraisal and approval (Nghe An

province’s Department of Natural Resources and Environment held the appraisal and Nghe

An Provincial People's Committee) will approve in accordance with Article 11, the Decree



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No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated 09/08/2006 of the Government and The Decree No.21/2008/ND-

CP dated 28/02/2008, amending and supplementing some articles of the Decree No.

80/2006/ND-CP dated 09/08/2006 of Government detailing and guiding the implementation

of some articles of Environmental Protection Law) and according to the safeguard policies of

the World Bank

The EIA report includes the following works:

Project desciption:

Drainage subproject in Thai Hoa town is implemented within four urban wards (Hoa Hieu,

Quang Phong, Quang Tien, Long Son) and two communes (Nghia Tien & Nghia My.),

includes the following works:

- Construction of separate wastewater and stormwater sewer system.

- Construction of 6 WWPSs

- Construction of 2 WWTPs: + the treatment plant in the West bank of Hieu

river, capacity 2,000 m3/day; + the treatment plant in the East bank of Hieu

river, capacity 4,000 m3/day.

- Construction of manholes and house connection network.

Environmental background status:

On the basis of collecting secondary data, survey and evaluation of natural, socio-

economic conditions, sampling and analysis of the quality of environmental

background status (air, surface water, wastewater, groundwater, sludge) in the project

area to assess the current situation in the region, determine the scope of environmental

impact by the project.

Environmental impact:

The positive impacts: improving sanitary conditions of households with about 6,000

households benefited directly when connecting to the wastewater collection and treatment

system of the project; completing the infrastructure of the town; reducing environmental

pollution, diseases caused by the stagnant and untreated wastewater.

The negative impacts: being considered thoroughly in 3 phases of the project (preparation,

construction and operation phase). Notably, the impacts on socio-economic life of land

acquisition: 12.7 ha of agricultural land at Long Son ward with 68 affected households and

9.1 ha of agricultural land in Nghia Tien with 69 affected households; During the construction

phase, the physical impacts include spoil soil and rock, dust and emissions from the

transportation, construction, risk and labour accident. During the operation phase, impacts are

mainly bad odour and sludge (1.8 tons/day with a maximum capacity of 6000 m3/day of the

two treatment plants), environmental incidents.

Mitigation measures

On the basis of assessment of adverse environmental impacts and risks, environmental

incidents besides the process of considering the elements & the existing natural, socio-



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economic and environmental conditions to offer measures to minimize adverse impacts,

prevent and respond to environmental problems. The mitigation measures are given

specifically for each impact source mentioned above in each phase of the project.

Environmental Management Plan (EMP):

The EMP of “Drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe

An province” was contructed on the basis of the combination from the information about the

activities os the project in preparation, construction and operation time; impacts to

environment; measures to reduce the negative impacts; the costs; schedule; implementers and

supervisors.

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure:

Public Consultation: The Consultant, the Project Owner had 2 steps (in March and June ,

2010) to organize the consultation meeting with representatives of some households,

institutional organizations and local authorities, etc with approximately 30 people in one

meeting. By applying the method of participatory assessment (MPA), opinions were

collected for the project: step 1 – the first environmental consultation about current status of

environment in the project area, priorities for environmental improvement, concerned issues

of local authority and households may affected due to the construction of project works; Step

2 – The second environmental consultation abouth draft EIA report of the project to receive

opinions and agreement for the project implementation.

Information Disclosure: the final EIA report (in Vietnamese) was announced to the locals

uring the project preparation. Also the environmental reports must also be sent to the Vietnam

Development Information Center (VDIC) for storage and information. The notification of the

environmental Impact assessment report must be conducted before implementing the project.

Commitments of the project owner:

Based on the environmental impacts arising from the implementation of the project and the

terms of the Environmental Protection Law, decrees, circulars, decisions and ordinances on

environmental protection of Viet Nam goverment, the investor – Thai Hoa Town People's

Committee to implement environmental management programs, environmental monitoring

program as outlined in Chapter 5, implementation of commitments to the community as

outlined in Chapter 6 of this EIA report.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

Reaffirm some of the contents mentioned in the report and propose necessary

recommendations to ensure that the project to be implemened brings about practical and

sustainable efficiency.



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2.LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

2.1. Legal background of Viet Nam goverment

The Environment Impact Assessment Report of "The drainage and wastewater

treatment system project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An Province" is prepared on the basis of

the following available legal documents:

Legal documents:

Viet Nam Environment Protection Law No.52/2005/QH11 of Viet Nam National

Assembly dated 29/11/2005 which came into effect from 1st of July, 2006.

The Decree 80 /2006/ND- CP dated 09/06/2006 of the Government on detailing and

guiding the execution of some articles of the Environmental Protection Law.

The Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP dated 28/02/2008, amending and supplementing

some articles of the Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated 09/08/2006 of Government

detailing and guiding the implementation of some articles of Environmental Protection

Law.

The Decree No. 88/2007/ND-CP dated 28/05/2007 of the Government on drainage in

the urban and industrial areas.

The Decree No. 59/2007/NĐ-CP dated 09/04/2007 of the Government on solid waste

management.

Circular No.05/2008/TT-BTNMT dated 08/12/2008 of Ministry of Natural Resources

and Environment on guiding the assessment of strategic environment, environment

impacts and environment projection commitment.

Decision No.22/2006/QD-BTNMT dated 18/12/2006 of the Minister of Natural

Resources and and Environment on compulsory application of Vietnam Environment

Standards

Decision No. 16/2008/QD-BTNMT dated 31/12/2008 of Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment on issuance of national technical environment standards.

Decision No.3733/2002/QD -BYT dated 10/10/2002 of the Minister of Health

promulgating the 21 occupational sanitation standards, 05 rules and 07 parameters on

occupational sanitation

Decision No.147/2005/QD- TTg dated 15/06/2005 of Nghe An Province’s People's

Committee on approval of socio-economic development projects in the West of Nghe

An province, in which, Thai Hoa urban is put on the first priority of rapid development

to become the economic and cultural center of the northwest of Nghe An province up

to 2010.

Decision No. 3907/2008/QD-UBND dated 12/9/2008 of Nghe An Province’s People's

Committee on approval of the detailed planning of Thai Hoa town center

Document No. 288/UBND-TH dated 18/01/2010 of Nghe An Province’s People's

Committee on proposal of water supply and wastewater projects;

Based on the volume of investment items and current status of the project area to

determine the scope of assessement under Decree No. 80/2006/ND- CP dated 09/06/2006 and

Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP dated 28/02/2008 on amending and supplementing some articles



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of Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated 09/08/2006 of the Government on detailed regulations

and guidelines of some articles of Environmental Protection Law: The Project must prepare

environmental impact assessment to submit to the provincial authorities for approval

(approved by Nghe An province).

Applicable standards and regulations:

a. Standards related to water quality

- QCVN 08-2008: National Technical Regulation on surface water quality;

- QCVN 09-2008: National technical regulation on ground water quality;

- QCVN 14-2008: Quy National technical regulation on domestic wastewater

quality;

- QCVN 24: 2009: National technical regulation on the quality of industrial

wastewater.

b. Standards related to air quality

- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on ambient air

quality

- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulations on some hazardous

substances in ambient air..

c. Standards related to noise and vibration

- TCVN 5949:1998 - Noise in public areas and residential areas, the maximum

allowable noise level.

- TCVN 6962:2001 - Vibration and shock. Vibration caused by construction

activities and industrial production. Maximum levels permitted for industrial and

residential areas.

- Decision No. 3733/2002/QD-BYT of the Ministry of Health issued on

10/10/2002 regarding the application of 21 occupational sanitation standards.

d. Standards related to soil quality

- Vietnam Regulation QCVN 15-2008: National technical regulation on plant

protection chemical residues in soil;

- QCVN 03:2008/BTNTM: National Technical Regulation on permissible limits

of heavy metals in soil.

e. Standards related to construction

- Viet Nam standard TCVN 7222: 2002; General requirements on the

environment for centralized domestic wastewater treatment plants;

- QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD: Viet Nam construction regulation on construction

planning

- QCVN 07:2010/BXD: National Technical regulation of the urban technical

infrastructure facilities;



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2.2. Environmental policies of the World Bank (WB)

Besides environmental review procedures and approval of the Government of

Vietnam, "The drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe

An Province" must be prepared and implemented in accordance with environmental and

social safety policies of the WB. Through studying the project area and proposed activities,

the policy on social and environmental safety of the World Bank follow as:

- Guidelines on Environmental Assessment OP 4.01 and BP 17.5

- Natural Ecosystem (OP/BP 4.04)

- Pesticide Management (OP 4.09)

- Culture heritage (draft OP 4.11 - OPN 11.03)

- Involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)

- Ethnic minority (OD 4.20)

- Forestry (OP/BP 4.36)

The environmental safeguard policy OP 4:01: This policy offers only the basic

requirements for environmental assessment process including public

consultation requirements for projects funded by the WB. OP 4:01 establishes

requirements for the classification of projects based on the environmental impact

levels of the project. Drainage and wastewater treatment project for Thai Hoa

Town belongs to the Class B project, so the project must prepare environmental

assessment report submitted to WB (the environmental assessment report must

be approved by the competent authority of the Government of Vietnam)Đọc ngữ

âm.

The environmental safeguard policy OP 4:01: This policy offers only the basic

requirements for environmental assessment process including public

consultation requirements for projects funded by the WB. OP 4:01 establishes

requirements for the classification of projects based on the environmental impact

levels of the project. Drainage and wastewater treatment project for Thai Hoa

Town belongs to the Class B project, so the project must prepare environmental

assessment report submitted to WB (the environmental assessment report must

be approved by the competent authority of the Government of Vietnam).

According to the policy on natural ecosystem (OP/BP 4:04): this policy gives

the approach of the WB for projects located in important areas of conservation

or likely affecting the natural environment. Thus, in the project area without any

natural ecosystems like virgin forest, mangrove forest, natural conservation area,

historical relic areas, sensitive ecological area, it is not required for preparing

report for this content. However, the contents of this assessment will be carefully

considered in the environmental assessment report.

According to the policy on cultural value (OP 4.11 - OPN 03.11): This policy

offers the WB's approach to the protection of cultural property. Thus, in the

project areas without the historical relics or cultural, religious-believable

conservation area, (the pagodas, temples, churches, cemeteries, ...) the separate



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report to this content for project is not required. However, the content of this

assessment will be carefully considered in the environmental assessment report.

According to the resettlement policy (OP/BP 4.12): Resettlement plan report

(RP) has been prepared for the project. The environmental assessment report

will also mention the contents of evaluation of the scale and extent of being

affected temporarily or permanently from permanent or temporary land

acquisition or temporary requisition of land when the project is implemented,

cited from RP report.

Thus, for the drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai Hoa town, in

order to guarantee the environmental safeguard, it only has to prepare the environmental

impact assessment report (EIA) under the Policy on Environmental Safeguard OP 4:01 of

World Bank and Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP dated 28/02/2008, amending and supplementing

some articles of Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated 09/08 / 2006 of the Government of

Vietnam.

Consultation: According to the operational procedures of the World Bank and the

Decree No. 21/2008/ND-CP, the project must carry out the consultation twice, the contents of

the counseling programs must be recorded.

The first consultation1 will be conducted for households that are likely to be affected

by the implementation of the project items. This consultation process is conducted in March,

2010 along with the socio-economic investigation, survey programs and data collection of the

background environment in the project area.

The 2nd consultation2 on the draft of EIA report was conducted in June 2010. The

minutes of the consultation meeting was attached in the annex.

Disclosure of information3: According to the operating procedures of the World Bank,

and the Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP and Decree No. 21/2008/ND-CP, the EIA report must be

notified publicly. Environment Impact Assessment Report must be on display in Washington

DC, Vietnam Development Information Center (VDIC) in Hanoi, Thai Hoa town’s People's

Committee, Nghe An province’s Department of Natural Resources and Environment, the

Project Management Unit, people's committees of communes/wards in the study area of the

project.

2.3. Technical data sources

a. Source of documents, references

1. Le Thac Can and the group of authors (1994), Environmental Impact Assessment,

Publisher of Science and Techniques, Hanoi.

2. Trinh Xuan Lai (2002), Design calculation of wastewater treatment works,

Publisher of Science and Techniques, Hanoi.

3. Environmental Protection Law of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 2005.

4. The set of Vietnam Standards TCVN - 1995, 1998, 2005 on the environment, the set

1 Minutes of the first environmental consultation meeting of the project in March, 2010 is attached in the annex 2 Minutes of the second environmental consultation meeting of the project in June, 2010 is attached in the annex

3 Documents on disclosure of information is attatched in the annex.



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of national technical regulations on the environment, MOH standards and current

supplementary standards.

5. Dang Kim Chi (2000), Environmental Chemistry, publisher of science and

Techniques,, Hanoi.

6. Hoang Trong Yem (2000), Organic Chemistry - Volume 3, publisher of science and

Techniques, Hanoi.

7. Tran Ngoc Chan (2000), air pollution and emission gas treatment - Volume 1,

publisher of science and Techniques, Hanoi.

8. Ngoc Chan (2000), air pollution and emission gas treatment - Volume 2, publisher

of science and Techniques, Hanoi.

9. Tran Ngoc Chan (2000), air pollution and emission gas treatment - Volume 3,

publisher of science and Techniques, Hanoi.

10. WHO – Assessment of sources causing soil, water, air environment pollution -

Volumes I, II Geneva, 1993.

11. Tran Van Nhan, Ngo Thi Nga (1999), Syllabus of Waterwaste treatment

Technology, publisher of science and Techniques, Hanoi.

12. Pham Ngoc Dang (2003), Air environment, publisher of science and Techniques,

Hanoi.

13. http://www.nea.gov.vn

b. Sources of documents, data of the project

- Feasibility Study Report (FS) of the Project

"The drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An

Province";

- Report on the socio-economic investigation (SEI) of the Project

"The drainage and wastewater treatment project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An Province";

- Report on willingness to connection (WTC) of the Project

"The drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An

Province";

- Results of measurement, survey and analysis of environmental quality in the project area

of the Research Centre for Micro-climate, Architecture and Environment;

- Report on the Population and Population Change in 2009 – Statistics Department, Thai

Hoa town;

- Draft Plan of socio-economic development - Thai Hoa town in the period 2011 - 2015 -

Thai Hoa town’s People's Committee;

- Statistical Yearbook 2009 of Thai Hoa town;

- Statement and adjusted map of Thai Hoa urban development planning up to 2020

- Documents on the natural and socio-economic conditions of the study area and other

related documents.

- Legal documents related to the project;



16

3. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

The process of preparing EIA report for "The drainage and wastewater treatment

system project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An Province" will use the following methods:

Table. Assessment Methodology

Step Scope of work Methodology

1 – Research of

available

documents and

determine the data

requirements

- Research standards and

appropriate regulations related to

environmental quality, land use,

including the vulnerable position

and protect the historic, cultural,

land use control.

- Study the existing

documentation on the project

and environmental conditions,

the area affected by the project.

- Collecting, filtering and

aggregating the environment

data and the lack of data needed

to cater to the report.

- Planning for field surveys and

observation.

Table research. Data sources

used in this step is secondary

data provided by the following

agencies:

- PMU;

- PCO;

- Department of Natural

Resources and

Environment of Thai Hoa

town.

- Department of Natural

Resources and

Environment of Nghe An

Province, the

Environmental Protection

Agency of Nghe An

Province...

2- Site visit - Conducting field surveys,

observations and collect

information

- Implementation of monitoring

and collecting and evaluating

results;

- Comparison with the standards

and international standards to

assess the environmental status

and forecast trends and analyze

changes cause the abnormalities

of environmental quality

Use the following methods:

- field survey methods;

- Methods of identification;

- Methods of assessment;

Data: Primary data sources,

measured directly. Reliability

of data sources will be

adequately assessed in the EIA

report

3- Study the

components

- Synthesize and summarise

construction plans for each

component, together with its

specific detailed design

Table research.

This step must be done with

close cooperation with the

consultancy unit design,

construction and project

management boards (PMU);

4- Environmental

impact assessment

- Determine the potential impacts

of pre-construction, construction

and operation phase;

- Quantify the environmental

impacts.

- Determine the importance and

acceptable level of impacts.

- Evaluate issues of potential

- Methods of identification;

- Method of rapid

assessment;

- Check-list approach;

- Matrix method;

- Modeling;



17

environmental risks.

- Identify and estimate the extent

and quality of existing data, its

discrepancies and original data,

and specify the insignificant

issues

5- Propose

mitigation

measures

- Propose measures necessary for

mitigation of negative effects

and effective measures to

strengthen the positive impacts

- Forecast the remaining impacts

and estimate the extent of

damage;

- Establish a preliminary content

(impacts, mitigations) and

conduct consultations, gathering

the opinions of the People's

Committee of Ward / social

sectors.

- Table research;

- Modeling;

- Method of forecasting;

- Method of expert opinion;

- Method of map

overlapping;

6- Construct EPM - The construction of EPM should

pay attention to four aspects: (i)

measures to mitigate

environmental impacts, (ii)

monitoring plan / environmental

monitoring (iii) capacity

building plan, and (iv)

supervision of the

implementation of EMP.

- Table research, in

consultation with

stakeholders such as

Department of Natural

Resources and

Environment of Nghe An

Province, PMU and

World Bank;

7 – Public

consultation and

information

dissemination

- The environmental consultant

will assist PMU for consultation

and dissemination of information

to affected people for the

contents of such reports and

EPM

- Consultation comments from

local authorities, affected people

and groups.

+ Scope of the project and

potential environmental impacts;

+ The mitigation measures

proposed

+ Mechanisms for managing and

supervising the implementation.

- Interview;

- Questionnaire;



18

4. ORGANIZATION

4.1. Consultant for preparing Environment Impact Assessment Report

EIA report for "The drainage and wastewater treatment sub-project for Thai Hoa town,

Nghe An Province" presided by Thai Hoa town People’s Committee that the project owner

with the advices of the Consultant Association: Pacific Ocean Engineering Joint Stock

Company (PCO) and Dai Viet Construction Consulting Joint Stock Company (DAVICO) for

implementation of survey, investigation, measurement design of the project, follow ans:

Name of company: Pacific Ocean Engineering Joint Stock Company (PCO)

Represented by: Mr. Nguyen Cong Minh

Position: Director of PCO

Head office: No. 34D, Lane 249 Doi Can, Ba Dinh, Hanoi

Tel: 043.6248871 Fax: 043. 6218891

Email: [email protected]

There was close cooperation during the implementation of the report as follows:

- The Standard Lab of the Ministry of Construction LAS XD376 – the Research

Center for Micro-climate, Architecture & Environment (RCAICE).

- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Thai Hoa town Nghe An

province.

- People's Committees, Fatherland Front Committees of the wards/ communes,

Thai Hoa town, Nghe An province.

- Experts in the field of Environment Impact Assessment.

No. Main contents of EIA

report

Participants Specialization

1 Team leader Eng. Nguyen Cong

Minh/Director

Drainage, water supply

and environment

2 Brief description of the

project and assessment of

the selected technology.

Eng. Nguyen Trung

Hieu

Drainage, water supply

and environment

Eng. Le Van Truong Drainage, water supply

and environment

3 Measuring and analyzing

current status of

background environment

MA. Trinh Van Khoa Evironmental science

Eng. Nguyen Van Hiu Evironmental science

Eng. Tran Trung Quan Evironmental science

4 Environment Impact

Assessment and proposing

mitigation measures,

prevention and response to

MA. Do Thi Kim Xuan Geography /Hydrography

Geology

BA. Nguyen Thi Thuy Evironmental science



19

the environmental

problems. BA. Phan Thi Hang Evironmental science

5 Proposing environmental

mangement and monitoring

program.

MA Pham Tuan Linh Evironmental science

Eng. Phung Cong

Thanh

Evironmental technology

6 Community consultation MA. Do Thi Kim Xuan Geography /Hydrography

Geology

BA. Nguyen Thi Thuy Evironmental science

.



20

CHAPTER I: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1. PROJECT NAME:

"Drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An Province"

1.2. PROJECT OWNER:

1- Executing agency: Nghe An Provincial People's Committee

a) Address: No. 3 Truong Thi street, Vinh City, Nghe An province.

b) Tel: 038.3 844522 Fax: 038.3 843049

2- Project Owner: Thai Hoa town’s People's Committee

a) Address: Kim Tan block, Thai Hoa town, Nghe An province.

b) Tel: 0383.812.923 Fax: 0383. 881.201

3- Representative of the Project Owner:: the PMU of the drainage and wastewater treatment

system project for Thai Hoa town

a) Address: Kim Tan block, Thai Hoa town, Nghe An province.

b) Tel: 0383.812.923 Fax: 0383. 881.201

1.3. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

Thai Hoa town is located in the Northwestern area of Nghe An province with

geographical coordinates: from 19o13’ – 19

o33’ of north latitude and 105

o18’ – 105

o35' of east

longitude 90km distant from Vinh town to the West, the boundaries of the town are limited as

follows:

- Adjacent to Nghia Dan district to the North, South and West;;

- Adjacent to Quynh Luu district and Nghia Dan district to the East

Figure H-1: Location of Thai Hoa town on Nghe An provincial map

1.3. TOTAL INVESTMENT

Total investment of the project: 469,650,927,000 VND, equivalent to 24,334,245 USD

. Of which:

WB fund (USD) Counterpart fund (USD)

Value (x1000VND) Value USD Value (x1000VND) Value USD

326,540,035,000 16,919,173 143,110,892,000 7,415,072

69,5% 30,5%

The first investment is the source of the preferential credit loans from the

International Development Association (IDA) of The World Bank (WB) (for the work of

construction, equipment and materials supply, capacity improvement and institutional

development).



21

The second is the counterpart fund of the Nghe An Provincial People's Committee (for

the preparation of investment, land acquisition, compensation and site clearance, management

board, design of construction drawings and fees of appraisal, verification).

Table. Investment capital distribution

No. Work items

Amount (1000 VND)

Total value ODA- WB Ratio Counterpart

fund Ratio

1 Stormwater drainage network 141,101,611112,881,289 80.00% 28,220,322 20.00%

2 Sewerage network -HDPE-PN6 67,910,821 54,328,656 80.00% 13,582,164 20.00%

3 Pressure pipe HDPE-PN8 10,273,098 8,218,478 80.00% 2,054,620 20.00%

4 Wastewater pumping station 2,014,940 1,813,446 90.00% 201,494 10.00%

5

WWTP - Phase I, CS:

4.000m3/day 41,380,075 33,104,060 80.00% 8,276,015 20.00%

6

WWTP - Phase I, CS:

2.000m3/day 27,581,853 22,065,483 80.00% 5,516,371 20.00%

7 House connection 13,395,800 10,716,640 80.00% 2,679,160 20.00%

8

Equipments support the operation

and management of

drainage/sewerage network

(treatment plant, pumping station

and wastewater sewer network). 24,554,240 19,643,392 80.00% 4,910,848 20.00%

9 Indirect investment cost (*) 56,413,701 0 0.00% 56,413,701 100.00%

10 Contingency (10%) 85,024,787 63,768,590 75.00% 21,256,197 25.00%

11

TOTAL -ROUNDED

(1000VNd) 469,650,927326,540,035 69.53% 143,110,892 30.47%

12 CONVERTED - USD 24,334,000 16,919,000 69.53% 7,415,000 30.47%

13 Ratio % 100.0% 69.53% 30.47%

Remark:

(*) Costs for construction supervision, training, O&M guidance using ODA fund – World

Bank.

(**): Unit: 1USD = 19.300 VND

1.5. SCOPE OF WORK

1.5.1. The service scope of project:

"The drainage and wastewater treatment system sub-project for Thai Hoa town " is invested

for construction in the area of Thai Hoa town, including 6 administrative units of the

following 4 wards: Phong Quang, Hoa Hieu, Quang Tien, Long Son and the following 2

communes: Nghia My, Nghia Tien.

Figure. H-2: Study area and serving area of the project

Following closely the detailed construction planning of Thai Hoa town approved by Nghe An

provincial people’s committee enclosed with Decision No. 3907/2008/QĐ-UBND dated

12/9/2008 about designing a drainage/sewerage system. Contents of technical – financial

proposals for the project are summarized in the table below:



22

Table 1: Technical proposals for the project

No Item Technical solutions

1 Location Thai Hoa town - Nghe An province

2 Types of drainage

system

Separate system: Construct two separate systems: Storm water sewer

system and wastewater sewer system

• Wastewater sewer system: Domestic wastewater and production

wastewater will come into one sewer system and then be treated in the

treatment plant.

• Stormwater sewer system: Rainwater is collected into one separate

sewer system and then directly discharged into rivers, canals and

ditches without treatment.

3 Investment phasing Phase 1- Up to 2020: Focus investment on constructing the storm

water sewer system, the wastewater collection and treatment system

for existing area and the town center.

Phase 2 – Up to 2030: Invest in constructing for the expanded areas of

the town, to enhance capacity of the wastewater treatment plant.

4 Stormwater drainage system.

4.1 Stormwater drainage

catchment

There area 11 rainwater drainage catchments

4.2 Proposed work on

Stormwater drainage

- Construct new sewer lines with diameter from D400 to D1400, RC

channel B800 -B1000

- Construct 36 discharge outlets

- Construct 656 surface intakes

5 Wastewater sewer system

5.1 Wastewater drainage

catchment

There are 06 catchments

5.2 Wastewater

collection sewer

system

To construct new wastewater collection sewer lines using pipe HDPE-

PN6 (for gravitational sewers) and Pipe HDPE-PN8 (for pressure

sewers) with dimension of D300-D600 along routes in Thai Hoa town:

- Construct 989 manholes

- Construct 494 connection manholes

5.3 Wastewater pumping

station system

Construct new wastewater pumping stations to convey wasterwater to

the treatment plant, reduce the piping depth. There are 6 WWPSs built

in diffirent locations in town.

5.4 Wastewater

treatment plant

Construct 2 WWTPs on the East and the West river banks of Hieu

river.

5.4.1 Wastewater

treatment plant No 1,

capacity of 6,000

m3/day

- Location: The plant is built in the field of block 4, 5, 6 of Long Son

ward (near Giong area). This location is far from the residential area

and ensures the requirements of Vietnam Construction Standard on

construction of treatment plant.

- Total area of land occupation: 12.7ha

- Diagram of wastewater treatment process:

Bar screen⇒ Receiving chamber ⇒ Anaerobic pond ⇒ facultative

pond⇒ Stabilization pond ⇒ Hieu river.

- Treated water quality meets class B standard according to QCVN

14-2008

- Receiving source: Hieu river

5.4.2 Wastewater - Location: The plant is constructed at crop field of hamlet 1 of Nghia



23

No Item Technical solutions

treatment plant No 2

capacity of 3,000

m3/day

Tien commune. This position is far from residential area and ensures

the requirements of Vietnam Construction Standard on construction of

treatment plant.

- Total area of land occupation: 9.1 ha

- Diagram of wastewater treatment process:

Bar screen ⇒ Receiving chamber ⇒ Anaerobic pond ⇒ facultative

pond ⇒ Stabilization pond ⇒ Hieu river.

- Treated water quality meets class B standard according to QCVN 14-

2008


5.5 House connection Construct connection points from households (behind septic tanks or

sanitation works) to the outside drainage system, the works include

wastewater pipeline from households to the collection network and

transfer boxes (manholes).

Number of connection points: 6098 households

6 Assistance for

operation and

maintainance

- To procure operation and maintenance equipments of the drainage

system: Vacuum truck, road cleaning car, portable wastewater sucking

pumps

1.6.2. Construction of stormwater sewer system

Structure of stormwater sewer system

The system is built as follows:

Storm water drainage catchment.

Surface

intakes

Tertiary

sewers

Surface

intakes

Surface

intakes

Main drainage lakes and rivers

Tertiary

sewer

Tertiary

sewer

Tertiary

sewer

Surface

intakes

Secondary sewer: Main drainage sewers of the city

Tertiary sewer: Drainage sewers for sub-areas, alleys and streets

Primary sewer: main drainage lakes and rivers



24

Catchments Location/boundary

Catchment 1: This catchment is part of Quang Phong ward limited by the intersection of

ward’s people's committee on the way to Bai Tranh, high mountains is in the

east and way to Bai Tranh is in the west. The total area of this catchment is

213ha, and the population is 4,702 people. This catchment discharges water to

Khe Me lake from where discharging water to Hieu river.

Catchment 2: This catchment is a part of Quang Phong ward limited by intersection at

ward’s People’s Commitee to the north, Hieu river is in the west and way to

Bai Tranh is in the east. The total area of this catchment is 97ha, and

population is 2,322 people. This catchment area discharges water to Hieu

river.

Catchment 3: This catchments basin is part of Quang Phong ward limited by the intersection

of ward’s people's committee in the upper, high mountains are in the east and

Hieu river is in the west. The total area of this catchment is 147ha, and the

population is 3,483 people. This catchment discharges water to Khe Me lake

from where discharging water to Hieu river.

Catchment 4: This catchment is part of Quang Phong ward limited by Khe To, high

mountains are in the east and Hieu river is in the west. The total area of this

catchment is 69ha, and the population is 1,688 people. This catchment

discharges water to Hieu river and Khe To.

Catchment 5 This catchment is part of Hoa Hieu ward, next to Khe to, high mountains are

in the east, the remaining are is next to Tan Thang block, Tan Tien block. The

total area of this catchment is 170ha, and the population is 5,626 people. This

catchment discharges water to Khe To from where discharging water to Hieu

river.

Catchment 6: This catchment includes Hoa Hieu ward to the South of National Highway

NO 48; Bai Sen lake of Tan Tien block is in the North. The total area of this

catchment is 113ha, and the population is 4,505 people. This catchment

discharges water to Bau Sen lake from where discharging water to Hieu river.

Catchment 7: This catchment includes part of Hoa Hieu ward and part of Long Son ward;

high mountain is in the northwest, Nghia Hoa commune is in the west.. The


catchment discharges water to Lo Gach lake (planned to become detention

reservoir) from where discharging water to Hieu river.

Catchment 8: This catchment is in the north of Long Son ward, at the area of Nghia Hoa Cu

secondary school; Tan Long commune is in the north, Hieu river is in the west

and the north. The total area of this catchment is about 32ha, and the

population is 426 people. This catchment discharges water to Hieu river.

Catchment 9: This catchment includes part of Hoa Hieu ward and part of Long Son ward;

high mountain is in the northwest, Nghia Hoa commune is in the west.. The


catchment discharges water to Lo Gach lake (planned to become detention

reservoir) from where discharging water to Hieu river.

Catchment

10:

This catchment is part of Quang Tien ward and part of Nghia Tien ward; on

National highway No 48. The total area of this catchment is 317ha, and the

population is 3,236 people. This catchment mainly discharges water into lakes

and from where discharging water to Hieu river.



25

Figure H-3: Rainwater drainage catchment, scope of design of rainwater drainage system.

Proposed items for rain water drainage

Works for stormwater drainage item are as follows:

� Construct a number of new sewer lines on road routes where there are no stormwater

sewer system in order to enhance the drainage capacity:

- Construct new round RC sewer line D1000 along national road No. 48 for the section

from national road No. 48 to Hieu Bridge and from Nghia Dan coach station to Hieu

Bridge with a total length of 5,655m,

- Construct new round RC sewer line D800 along road routes in the town, including

road routes on national road No. 15A, near Bau Sen lake, on national road No. 48

and in Quang Phong ward with a total length of 4,455m.

- Construct new round RC sewer line D400 - L10,202m and D600 - L14,009m along

roads in the town with a total length of 22,734m.

- For lines with great slope, in order to ensure that water flow will not exceed the

speed of anti-erosion and sediment prevention, all channel s should be constructed of

reinforced concrete with dimensions and width as: B800 - L4,778m; B1000 -

L9,931m,

� Construct 656 new surface intakes with water inlets,

- Sewer lines on pavements will be round prefabricated RC centrifugal pipes, with a

load requirement of class B (H13). The piping depth at the start pont of the line:

h=0.5÷0.7m. Sewer lines are designed to self-flow with the slope complying with the

Code >=1/D,

- Round sewer lines under road will be round prefabricated RC centrifugal pipes, and

ensure load requirement of class C (H30). The depth of sewers at the start point of

the line: h=0.8m. Sewer lines are designed to self-flow with slope complying with

the Code >=1/D,

� Construct 36 discharging outlets of various types at different places in the town

� Install flood-prevention penstocks for existing discharging outlets.

Table1.1. Proposed quantity for storm water drainage item

RC pipe DN400 m 10,202





Catchment

11:

This catchment is part of Quang Tien ward and part of Nghia Tien ward; Hieu

river is in the east; National highway No 48 is in the north. The total area of

this catchment is 353ha, and the population is 3,827 people. This catchment

discharges water to Hieu river.



26

RC pipe DN1400 m 594

RC channel B800 m 4,778

RC channel B1000 m 9,931

Discharge outlet each 37

Surface intakes each 656

Figure H-42: Proposed items for stormwater drainage system.

1.6.3. Wastewater sewer system

Structure of wastewater sewer system

Organizational chart of wastewater drainage is shown below:

Wastewater drainage catchment:

There are 06 catchments divided as follows:

Domestic,

service &

public

wastewater

Wastewate

r

collection

manhole Domestic,

service &

public

wastewater

Wastewater

collection

manhole

Wastewater

treatment

plant

Tertiary sewers

Secondary sewers

Primary sewers

Receivers

Wastemn



27

Catchments Location/boundary

� The area in the east of Hieu river

Catchment 1: This catchment collects wastewater in part of Quang Phong. This catchment

locates on the route from Thai Hoa to Bai Tranh in the area from Khe To

bridge across Quang Phong primary school. The pumping station of this

catchment locates near Quang Phong primary school. The population of this

catchment is 2,052 people and the total area is about 65ha.

Catchment 2: This catchment is in Hoa Hieu ward, which collects wastewater from near

Hieu river to the west of the road from Thai Hoa Vegetable Projection office

and Thai Hoa high school to Khe To bridge. The pumping station of this

catchment locates at the intersection of road No.15 towards Khe To and alley

16 of Tan Thang block. The polulation of this catchment is 4,892 people and

the total area is about 36ha.

Catchment 3: Covering the central area of Thai Hoa town, Hoa Hieu ward, in cluding

national road 48 from the broast cast station to Hieu bridge and from the Post

office of Nghia Dan district to Dong Tien area, from Bau Sen lake to Thai

Hoa nursary school.. The pumping station of this area is located at the

intersection on the national road 48. The population of this area is 5079

people and area is 66 ha.

Catchment 4: This catchment covers a part of Hoa Hieu ward, a part of Long Son ward and

a part of Nghia My commune which collect wastewater along the national

road No. 48 from Nghia My commune to the area bodering Hieu river.The

pumping station of this area is located on the new road route towards Hieu

newly planned bridge. The population is 10,085 and the total area is of about

53 hectars.

� The area in the west of Hieu river

Catchment 5 Covering a part of Quang Tien ward and a part of Nghia Tien commune,

collecting wastewater along national road No. 48 towards Quy Hop from

Nghia Dan healthcare center to the lower part of high hills. The pumping

station of this area is located at the intersection of national road 48 and the

road to the culture house of Thi Nghiem hamlet. The population is 6,717

people and the total area is about 299 hectars.

Catchment 6: Covering a part of Quang Tien ward and a part of Nghia Tien commune,

collecting wastewater from the whole area along national road No. 15A from

Nghia Quang market on national road No. 15A to Hamlet 4 of Nghia Tien

commune. The pumping station of this area is located on the road near Rubber

Company. The population is of 4,966 and the total area is of about 229

hectars.

Figure H-5: Wastewater catchment.

Investment items for wastewater sewer system

(i) Wastewater collection sewer system

Determination of specific investment:

- Construction of wastewater collection sewer system using round gravitational sewer

pipe HDPE- PN6:



28

Pipe HDPE - PN6 DN300 34,135 m

Pipe HDPE - PN6 DN400 475 m

Manhole 989 manhole

Connection manhole 494 manhole

Connection pipe PVC-D160 25,958 m

- Construction of pressure Pipes HDPE-PN8-PN10

Pipe HDPE PN8 DN100 1,004 m

Pipe HDPE PN8 DN150 730 m



- Construct 6.089 connection points (connection manhole) to collecct wastewater from

transfer box to the tertiary sewer system. The transfer boxes collect wastewater from

septic tanks of households and transfers to connection manholes.

- Construct manholes on the route complying with current regulations of Viet Nam of

which the distance between manholes not exceeding 50m.

Figure. H-3: General layout of wastewater sewer system

(ii) Wastewater pumping station system

There are 6 WWPSs to be constructed as follows:

- WWPS No 01, capacity of 470 m3/day

- WWPS No 02, capacity of 1.780 m3/day





Figuer. H-7: Typical detail of WWPS

(iii)Location of wastewater treatment plant

Item Technical solutions

Wastewater treatment

plant No 1 capacity of

4,000 m3/day.

- Location: The plant is built at crop field of block 4, 5, 6 of Long Son

ward (near Giong chasm). This position is far from residential area

and ensures the requirements of Vietnam Construction Standard on

construction of the treatment plant.

- Total area of land occupation: 12.7ha

- The wastewater treatment process:

Bar screen ⇒ Receiving chamber ⇒ Anaerobic pond ⇒ Facultative


- Treated water quality meets class B according to QCVN 14-2008




29

Wastewater treatment

plant No 2 capacity of

2,000 m3/day night

- Location: The plant is built at crop field of hamlet 1 of Nghia Tien

commune. This location is far from residential area and ensures the

requirements of Vietnam Construction Standard on construction of

treatment plant.

- Total area of land occupation: 9.1 ha

- the wastewater treatment process:

Bar screen ⇒ Receiving chamber ⇒ Anaerobic pond ⇒ Facultative


- Treated water quality meets class B according to QCVN 14-2008


Figure H-84: General layout of WWTP 1.

Figure H-9: General layout of WWTP 2.

(iv) The receiving source of treated water.

Receivers of 2 treatment plants in the East and the West of Hieu River:

- The plant in the East: Giong area which is about 300m far from Hieu River

- The plant in the West: directly into Hieu River

The discharge outlet of the treated water is located at the downstream of Hieu River, where

the water is mainly used for agricultural irrigation and drainage.

Based on the water demand from Hieu River at the location of water discharge and the

requirements of environment protection as stipulated in Vietnam Standard QCVN

14:2008/BTNMT, the treatment process of wastewater treatment plant should ensure that the

wastewater treatment can meet standard class B before discharged into the receiver.

Table 1.2 : Required quality of input wastewater of treatment plant

No. Parameters Unit

Input

wastew

ater

quality

Standard QCVN 14:2008

(class B)

1 PH 7.2 5-9

2 Total suspended substances

(SS)

mg/l 255 100

3 BOD5 Mg/l O2 606 50

4 Total N

mg/lN 60 60

5 Total oil and grease

mg/l 4.17 20

6 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 24000 5,000

(v) Wastewater collection process:

Wastewater collection process is summarized as follows:

- Sewerage system is a gravitational one and the structure of the sewerage networks is

as follows: wastewater from households, restaurants, services, small productions,

agencies, public institutions, etc will be collected into sewerage system through

connection manholes and then conveyed to the main collection sewer system to the

wastewater pumping station and finally, to the treatment plant.

- Sewerage network depend largely on existing conditions of road routes, residential



30

distribution densit, etc. Basically, sewer lines will follow the axial road routes of the

town, placed under road or pavements.

- However, due to the terrain characteristics in some areas that residential houses are

much lower than road surface (1-3m). Therefore, collection pipelines will be installed

behind households. This allows that the piping depth will not be too deep and it is not

required to construct many wastewater pumping stations.

- The terrain elevation is absolutely made used for the drainage direction to minimize

the pipe laying depth. However, as these are gravational sewers, the pipe laying depth

will increase gradually at the end of the line. So pumping stations will be constructed

as the pipe laying depth exceeds 4.5m. Wastewater pumping stations will be

constructed to reduce the piping depth for next phases and help to increase pressure of

wastewater conveyed to the treatment plant. Location of the wastwater pumping

stations is determined through hydralic calculation and volume. Wastewater collection

pipelines must be deeper than those conveying wastewater from households to the

outside.

- Manholes arranged on the pipeline at the average distance of 40m for pipeline D300-

D400 and 50m for pipelines D500-D800.

(vi) Wastewater treatment process

In order to treat wastewater before discharging into receiving source, a series of

biological ponds will be proposed consisting of receiving chamber, bar screen, sand

sedimentation tank, anaerobic pond, facultative pond, aerobic pond, the wastewater treatment

process is as follows:

Figure. H-10: Diagrame of wastewater treatment process.

This technology is suitable with the areas far from the residential areas and having a

large land area. It ensures the treated water quality meeting class B, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT,

water used for irrigation and agricultural production.

Anaerobic pond: where the process of wastewater settling and biochemical

degradation of dissolved contaminants occurs and the sediment continues to degrade because

of anaerobic micro-organisms. The content of contaminants which can be handled by NOS

(BOD) is of 350-850 kg/ha/day. In the anaerobic pond, the NOS content of wastewater

reduces due to methane fermentation. In order to ensure anaerobic conditions and temperature

regimes, these ponds must have a relatively great depth (2.4 - 3.6 m). The efficiency of NOS

decrease in the pond may be up to 70%. However, the NOS content of wastewater out-of-the-

pond is still quite high, up to 100-300 mg/l. Therefore, this type of pond is mainly used for

super-dense industrial wastewater treatment and used as the level I pond in multi-level pond

complex.

Facultative pond: this pond type is most commonly in wastewater treatment. The

amount of contaminants which can be treated in the pond by NOS can be up to 300 kg

/ha/day. According to applicable norms and regulations, the estimated amount of wastewater

in this pond is of 250 m3/hectare/day (37 kg /ha/day by NOS) for wastewater after treated by

biological methods or by the amount of oxygen of 6 -89 O2/m3/day & night depending on

climatic conditions. In the facultative ponds, two processes take place at the same time:

aerobic biochemical oxidization process of dissolved organic contaminants and methane

fermentation (anaerobic) of sediment at the pond bed. Oxygen is necessary for micro-

organism to oxidize aerobically organic materials because of air diffusing along water surface

and alga and moss created in the process of photosynthesis. Conversely, moss and algae uses



31

CO2, phosphates, nitrogen amon generated by microorganisms in the process of resolution of

organic substances.

The characteristics of the arbitrary pond are as follows: in terms of depth, water is

divided into three layers of aerobic, medium and anaerobic from top to bottom. Seaweed and

alga develop in self- nutrition type and depend on lighting conditions. For wastewater, the

light intensity on water surface and through the depth of 40-70 cm is reduced by 99%. Thus

the most powerful photosynthesis area limits to a certain depth only. Therefore, the selected

depth of the pond must be a little greater than the depth of photosynthetic area and equal to

0.9 - 1.5 m.

Stabilization pond (aerobic): This type of pond is divided into two groups: natural

aeration pond and artificial aeration pond.

- Natural aeration pond: oxygen is supplied due to the diffusion through aeration

surface and mainly thanks to the ability of photosynthetic of alga and seaweed. Pond which is

supplied oxygen by photosynthesis of algae and seaweed is called high load pond.

The process of photosynthesis takes place only at a small depth, high load ponds are

thus often built with depth of 15 - 30 - 50 cm so that the light can radiate to the pond bottom.

Because of disturbance in the pond, aerobic conditions are met completely. High load pond

can handle wastewater with the volume of contaminants by NOS (BOD) of 300 kg / ha/day &

night. In order to combine wastewater treatment with algae and seaweed growing for raising

livestock (pigs, chickens, ducks), it is very helpful to build this type of high load pond. The

period that water storage in high load ponds is usually for 3-7 days and nights.

- Artificial aeration pond: Aeration can be done by blowing compressed air or other

mechanical devices or leading water into the pond in rain spray type. The water retention time

in the pond is from 2-3 days to 2 weeks (but usually not more than 3 days and nights). Ponds

are constructed with a depth range from 1.5 to 5 m. The capacity of wastewater treatment is

very high, which can reach 404 kg/ ha/ day & night. It is possible for putting activated sludge

into the pond just like in the aeration tank.

(vii) Sludge treatment process:

In order to treat sludge after a long time in ponds, a sludge drying bed is proposed to

use before it is transported to the disposal site. The sludge treatment process is as follows:

Dredging sludge in the pond to transfer to the sludge drying bed occurs

discontinuously (about twice a year for one pond). Therefore, the consultant proposes that

sludge will be pumped from the pond to the sludge drying bed by using portable pumps. Once

any pond is required for dredging, operator may install sludge pumps temporarily to convey

sludge to the sludge drying bed. After completion of the work, pumps will be put into the

storage.

Portable sludge pumps are submersile ones which can be easily installed and removed.

They are fixed on the platforms in the pond. At the location of pump, sludge is collected and

pumped to the sludge drying bed.

These submersile pumps are equal to the normal pumping station. They are advanced

type with automatic control system to regulate flow, hig safety degree, easy operation and

management.

Sludge taken

from ponds

Sludge drying

bed

Disposal site



32

(viii) Land area used for constrution of Wastewater treatment plant

- Treatment plant No.1 will occupy an permanent area of 12,ha.

- Treatment plant No.2 will occupy an permanent area of 9,1ha.

(ix) Household connection of the project:

Construct house connection points (behind septic tanks or sanitation works) to the

outside drainage system including wastewater pipeline from households to the transfer boxes.

Number of connection points: 6089

®−êng - road vØa hÌ - sidewalk

cèng tho¸t n−íc

hè ga ®Êu nèi nhµ d©n

connection manhole

drainage-pipe

house

Diagram:Wastewater collection connected from households.

Figure: Structure of Household connection

1.6.4. Management and operation of drainage and wastewater treatment system

Equipments supporting to the management and operation:

After the project is put into operation, the Urban Environment Company of Thai Hoa

town (URENCO) will undertanke the management and operation of the drainage and

wastewater treatment system. To serve the management and operation of the drainage system,

Household

Household

Household

Connection manhole

Town wastewater collecti sewer

D160 - L<=20m



33

the project should support the operation and maintenance equipments of drainage system such

as sludge dredging truck, street cleaning car.

Hereinafter are the proposed equipments purchased for the management and operation

of drainage system in Thai Hoa town.

Table 1.2: Equipments

No. Type of equipments Unit Quantity

1 Vacuum truck Item 02

2 Pressure sewer cleaning truck Item 02

3 Sludge transporting truck Item 02

4 Computer system Set 02

5 Labour safety equipments Item 01

6 Portable testing equipments Item 01

Chemicals, power and water for wastewater treatment system.

As the waste water treatment process of the project is a series of biological ponds, the

operation of the waste water treatment plant uses not much chemicals, only chlorine is

used for disinfection in contact tank prior to discharge into receiver of Hieu

river. According to technical calculations in the feasibility study report of the project,

the amount of chlorine used for operating the treatment plant is 3 g/m3, with a total

treatment capacity of the phase 1 and phase 2 of the wastewater treatment plant is

6000 m3/day, so the maximum amount of chlorine used for operating at full designed

capacity of the wastewater treatment plant is 18 kg /day.

Water demand during the operation is not considerable which is used mainly for

washing, cleaning equipments of maintenance and operation of sewers and wastewater

treatment plant, water supplied for living activities of operators, watering trees,

cleaning internal roads, etc in the treatment plant, .. average amount of about 50-80

m3/month, the treatment plant will be connected to the existing water supply system in

Thai Hoa town.

Power supply: Power supplied for treatment plant is taken from high voltage source in

the area.

Power supply for 6 pumping stations:

- Pumping station No. 1: Power is taken from transformer station of Quang Phong

Primary school, about 100m far from Pumping station. P = 10 kW

- Pumping station No. 2: From transformer station near Primary school of Thai Hoa

town, about 300m far from Pumping station No. 2, 200m far from Pumping station

No. 3. P = 24 kW

- Pumping station No.3: From transformer station which is about 300m far from from

PS and near Thai Hoa commune People’s Committee.

- Pumping station No. 4: From transformer station on the national road 48, near the

entrance of the town, about 200m far from Pumping station 6. P = 20 kW

- Pumping station No. 5: From transformer station of the village, which is about 80m

far from Pumping station. P = 10 kW



34

- Pumping station No.6 From transformer station on the road 48 which is about 80m far

from the PS. P = 10 kW

Power supply for treatment plant:

� Power supplied for the treatment plant is taken from low voltage power source in the

surrounding area of the treatment plant. Power for the treatment plant 1 is taken from

the low voltage power source which is 200 m far from the plant. Power for the

treatment plant 2 is from the low voltage power source which is 80 m far from the

plant.

� The construction of a separate transformer sub-station for the treatment plant is not

necessary because the power consumption is not much (only for lighting and sludge

pumps with small capacity). Power capacity for the TP1 is 200 KW/day and for the

TP2 is 100kw/day.

Organization of workforce and project management.

As mentioned in the previous sections, in order to manage effectively the

infrastructure system of the town, and to unify in terms of functions and duties, the ,

consultant recommends that the management and operation of drainage system of the town

will be undertaken by Urban Environment Company of Thai Hoa town.

The main activities of Thai Hoa URENCO will be: Collection and treatment of waste,

management of drainage system, the main drainage rivers, streams of the town, dredging,

maintenance of the sewer network , ... Thai Hoa URENCO will play a critical role in ensuring

environmental sanitation conditions of the town..

Figure H- 8. Organizational structure of management and operation of the wastewater

treatment system.

1.6. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Table 1.3. Project Implementation Schedule

No. Contents Completion Date

1 Preparation of construction investment project 08/2010

2 Approval of FS 10/2010

3 Official appraisal from WB 12/2010

Director

Vice director of

Admin

Vice director of

engineering

Admin

Departme

nt

Financi

al

Depart.

Depart of

Planning and

Engineering

Operatin

g Depart. WWTP Network

Mana &

oper Team.



35

4 Negotiating and signing the agreement between WB

and the Government of Vietnam

06/2011

Preparing construction drawings 09/2011

5 Construction and installation bidding 11/2011

6 Approving bidding results, negotiation, contract

awarding

12/2011

7 The agreement comes into effective 01/2012

8 Completion of Construction of components of the

project

11/2013

9 Operation, commissioning and handing over 12/2013



36

CHAPTER II: NATURAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL

CONDITIONS

2.1 NATURAL CONDITIONS

2.1.2. Topography and area

• Topography:

Thai Hoa is a mountainous urban with quite complex terrain which is divided by Hieu

river, including some low hills with some deep points and low valleys alternate with hillsides.

The average height is from +40 m to +70 m.

The territory topography distribution includes mainly gently slope hills and

mountains, accounting for 60% of the total area, the valley and plain hold 30%, high hills and

mountains about 10%. Because of geological tectonics, Thai Hoa has relatively flat land area,

with large area scale and relatively convenient for agricultural development.

- High mountain topography: mainly belongs to the southwest of Tien Nghia

commune with the elevation from +57 m to +74.3 m and partly belongs to Hoa

Hoa commune with the elevation from +58 m to +91.6 m with the slope of

20% to 30%.

- Gently slope plain topography: belongs to the West of Hieu river with the

elevation from +45.4m to +52.6m, with the slope less than 10% and to the

East of Hieu river with the elevation from +41.7m to +54.1m.

- Along the river side topography: has the elevation from +34.3 m to +41 m,

which is often flooded.

(Source: Natural conditions and forecasts of resources for socio-economic development -

Report on socio-economic development plans in Thai Hoa town, phase of from 2011 to 2015)

• Land and area:

The total area of natural land is 13,518.8 hectares accounting for 0.82% of natural area

of Nghe An province; in which the agricultural land area up to 2010 is 9984.5 hectares, the

non- agricultural land area is 3240.9 ha, the unused land area is 293.4 hectares

Table: Structure of land use in Thai Hoa town

Types of land Area Percentage

Agricultural land 9984.5 73.9%

Non-agricultural land 3240.9 24.0%

Unused land 293.4 2.2%

Total 13518.8 100.0%



37

Agricultural

land

74%

Non-

agricultural

land

24%

Unused land

2%

Soil: Thai Hoa area has 14 major categories of land divided into two groups: Thuy

Thanh and Dai Thanh; the two groups are quite suitable for the cultivation of industrial crops

and fruit trees with high economic values such as : coffee, rubber, tea, orange, grapefruit,

jackfruit, tangerine, melon, watermelon… (Source: Natural conditions and forecasts of

resources for socio-economic development - Report on socio-economic development plans in

Thai Hoa town, phase from 2011 to 2015)

2.1.2. Climate

Thai Hoa town giai đoạn 2011 - 2015) 2.1.3. Climate Characteristics

Thai Hoa town is a mountainous town, thus is influenced by typical climate of the the

temperature and humidity difference is quite large between seasons, especially winter and

summer; in the period from May to August each year Thai Hoa town is influenced by the

Southwest wind which makes the weather hot, dry and drought, affecting the production and

daily life of the residents in the aera. However, in rainy season (from September to April), the

humidity is high and rainfall amount is large.

(Source: Natural conditions and forecasts of resources for socio-economic development -

Report on socio-economic development plans in Thai Hoa town, phase from 2011 to 2015).

Temperature and humidity:

- Lying in the tropical and moonson climate area, Thai Hoa is a mountainous town

which is characterized by climate of the West mountainous area, impacted directly by

South-West moonson, dry and hot (from April to August) and the Noth-East moonson,

cold and wet (from November to March). The annually average temperature is rather

high, from 230 – 2500

C, total annually average temperature is 8503°C.

- Annually average temperature: 23,70 C.

- Absolutely high temperature: 420 C.

- Absolutely low temperature: 60 C. (in the Spring-Winter crop, number of days with

temperature < 150 C is 30)

- Annually average humidity: 83%

- Maximum humidity of month: 90%



38

- Minimum humidity of month: 30%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Amount of rainfall (mm)Amount of temperature (oC)

Chart: Change in temperature and rainfall during months of year 2008

Source:North-Middle Hydrometeorology Center, 2008

Rainfall:

The average annual rainfall is 1457 mm. The rainfall is unevenly distributed,

concentrated in August, September, October, causing flooding in low areas along Hieu river.

In dry season, the rainfall is negligible (only 12 mm in some month), in December, January,

February, the rainfall only reaches 229mm, which causes long-term drought. The highest

amount of rainfall during day is measured at 155mm on 31st of October, 2007.

The rainy season every year is from July to December, accounting for 50% - 55% of

the annual rainfall, a number of detailed criteria are as follows:

- The average rainfall in many years:: 1500 – 1800mm

- The average number of rainy days in many years: 130 – 150 days

- The biggest monthly rainfall: 500–600mm


Wind:

The prevalent wind direction is Southwest and Northeast.

- The main Southwest wind direction is in summer (Laos wind), Northeast in winter

(northeast monsoon).

- The average wind speed is 1 – 2,5m/s.


Storm:

Nghe An in general and Thai Hoa in particular is an area affected by storm. This area

often encounters storm, the average wind power is about 20 (m/s). The storm wind to Thai

Hoa area can reach 30-35m/s but weaken rapidly towards the west.



39

Overall, Thai Hoa town lies in a tropical monsoon climate. Winter is influenced by the

northeast monsoon; summer is influenced by the hot dry southwest wind. Cold air is usually

combined with other meteorological forms: Hurricane, tropical depressions, tropical

convergence solutions, ... which often cause heavy rains, strong winds, large variations in

temperature.


2.1.3. Geological conditions

According to results of strata exploration survey of the Electricity Industry Investment

Consultancy & Services Center- Nghe An Department of Industry (currently Nghe An

Department of Trade and Industry), that ground in order from top to bottom is divided into

layers as follows:

- Layer 1: is clay layer, with soft, flexible state, tightly covers the construction area of

works, this is rich soil layer for paddy cultivation, with the thickness of 0,2 – 0,4m;

- Layer 2: is clay layer with gray, yellow color, medium-tight state;

Layer 2 and Layer 3 have good features of construction but must be appropriately

treated with ground before building the works.

2.1.4. Hydrological conditions

The section of Hieu river flowing through Thai Hoa area has the length of 7.4 km. The

main hydrological parameters of Hieu river in Thai Hoa town area are as follows:

+ The biggest flow in flood season: 5810m3/s.

+ The flow in dry season only reaches: 13m3/s

+ The highest water level is +47,5m (corresponding to P=5%) and is 47m

(corresponding to P=10%)

+ The lowest water level is +36,0m

+ The average water level in the annual flood season ranges from +39,0m

to42,0m (according to the factual investigations).

+ Total flow of the average (yearly) current:): 3,7 billion m3 of water

. At the center of the town, currently apart from Hieu river, there are a number of

reservoirs that regulate the air for the town center area. Yet only Bau Sen lake has the largest

area and the biggest ability of air regulation.

Bau Sen lake is located in Hoa Hieu Ward, with the area of about 5.5 hectares and a

reserve of about 100.000m3. This lake can regulate water drainage for the town apart from

creating the environmental landscape for the town.

(Source: According to Report on socio-economic development plans of Thai Hoa town

in the phase of 2011 -2015 - Natural conditions and forecast of socio-economic development

resources).



40

2.1.5. Mineral resource

According to the Report on socio-economic development plan of Thai Hoa town in

phase 2011 - 2015 - Natural conditions and forecasts of resources for socio-economic

development - the mineral resources of Thai Hoa town are of abundancy as follows:

- Porous basalt rocks have large reserves, concentratedly distributed in Nghia My and

Dong Hieu communes;

- Limestone and marble concentratedly distributed mainly in Nghia Tie commune

- Clay for production of tile: has large reserve, concentratedly distributed mainly in the

following wards / communes: Long Son, Nghia Hoa, Quang Tien, Nghia Thuan and

Nghia Tien.

- Construction sand, gravel and mineral sand gold: concentratedly distributed in in the

communes, wards where Hieu river flows through including Hoa Hieu, Quang

Phong, Quang Tien, Nghia Hoa, Long Son...

2.1.6. Forest Resource

According to the Statistics Office - People's Committee Thai Hoa town, the whole

province in 2009 to the town forest area is as follows:

- The forest area accounts for more than 3000ha with the total wood reserves of about

100.000m3 (excluding wood reserve of bamboo, neohauzeaua ...);

- Total land fund that can serve forestry development targets is of significance about

4.073,9ha, representing 30,14% of the total natural area.

2.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2.2.1. Economic development situation

Being a newly-established town in 2007 according to the Decree 164/2007/ND-CP of

the Government, within two years to the end of 2009, the economic growth rate of Thai Hoa

town has basically achieved the stable growth rate, people's lives are more and more

improving, national defense - security continue to be strengthened and maintained. The total

average production value per capita at constant prices in 1994 reached 8.5 million dong,, at

current prices reach 19.4 million dong;

The average gross domestic product (GDP) of the town in phase 2007- 2009 was

stable at 16-17; the economic structure moved slowly towards gradual decrease in the

proportion of the agriculture, forestry, fisheries and good increase in the proportion of the

industry, construction. The total production value in 2009 at constant prices in 1994 of the

town was 580,324 million dong, exceeding 0.9% as compared to the year plan; at the current

prices are 1,332,422 million dong, exceeding 1.2% as compared to the year plan. Specific

data of the sectors are as follows:



41

Table 2.5. GDP by sector of Thai Hoa town in 2009

No. Sector production value (million dong) Ratio

At constant

prices 1994

At constant

prices 1994

1 Agriculture, forestry and

aquaculture

80.264 204.095 15,3%

2 Industry and construction

- Of which: Industry

180.020

100.191

420.407

192.182

31,6%

3 Commerce, services 320.040 707.920 53,1%

Total 580.324 2.332.422

Chart 2.1: The structure of the economic sectors of Thai Hoa Town in 2009

(Source: Report on socio-economic survey for project, 2010) ).

2.2.2. Social development

Population:

The total population of the whole Thai Hoa town up to the end of 2009 was 102,119

people with 24,739 households, the average number of people in households according to the

socio-economic survey results in service of the project, in March/2010 is 4, 09 people per

household. The number of ethnic minorities is 5751 people the rate of natural population

growth in 2009 is 0.56%.

Table: Population of Thai Hoa town up to the end of 2009

No. Wards Population

(people)

Households

1 Hoa Hieu ward 16,271 3,978

2 Quang Phong ward 6,248 1,528

3 Long Son ward 6,905 1,688

15.3%

31.6%

53.1%

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

Industry and construction

Services, Trade



42

No. Wards Population

(people)

Households

4 Quang Tien ward 14,337 3,505

5 Nghia My commune 8,070 1,973

6 Dong Hieu commune 11,406 2,789

7 Tay Hieu commune 11,970 2,927

8 Nghia Tien commnue 5,580 1,364

9 Nghia Hoa commune 3,774 923

10 Nghia Thuan commune 16,620 4,064

11 Other forces 939 -

Total 102,119 24,739

With the expected rate of natural population growth per on the average from 2009 - 2020 of

0.8%/year and from 2020-2030 of 0.6%/ year, the forecast population of Thai Hoa town is

shown in detail in the following table:

Table 2.6. The forecast population growth of Thai Hoa town phase 2020 - 2030

2009

(people)

2015

(people)

2020

(people)

2025

(people)

2030

(people)

102,119 108,298 113,677 118,112 122,682

(Source: Report on socio-economic survey for project, 2010)

Labor, Employment:

With aforesaid population features, it is expected that the number of people in working age

having working capability in 2010 is 32,667 people and 35,188 people in 2015, the

employment rate with vocational training in 2010 (including both short-term and long term)

accounts for 52.9% of the total labor, the rate of non-agricultural labor accounts for 35% of

the total labor. This labor source is sufficient to meet the development requirements of the

Town for the whole phase. Along with the economic transition, the labor structure working in

sectors of the national economy will also change.

On the other hand, in 2009, the town has implemented programs such as job generation,

hunger radiation and poverty reduction and obtained very good results, specifically: creating

jobs for 987 people, including 300 people of labor export. With respect of technical,

professional qualification of employees (from the primary level, technical workers upwards):

the sector group of agriculture - forestry - fishery has the lowest rate, followed by the industry

- construction sector group; the- tourism services sector group has the highest rates.

According to the results of sociological surveys, in March / 2010 of the project. The average

income VND/household/month was 5,199,720, of which this rate increases from poor to rich

households, the details are shown in the following table.



43

Table 2.6: Household average income

According to

classification of

household economy

Average income VND/household/month

Average Lowest Highest

1. Poor 1.366.830 1.000.000 3.000.000

2. Medium 4.445.380 3.500.000 16.000.000

3. Well-off 6.548.890 8.700.000 26.000.000

4. Rich 10.300.000 20.000.000 50.000.000

Average 5.199.720 1.000.000 26.000.000

Chart 2.2. Average income of households (1000 VND/household/month))

-

2,000.0

4,000.0

6,000.0

8,000.0

10,000.0

12,000.0

1. Poor

HHs

2. Middle

Hhs

3. Well-off

HHs

4. Rich

HHs

Average

1,366.8

4,445.4

6,548.9

10,300.0

5,199.7

(Source: Report on socio-economic survey for project, 2010)

Poverty issues:

According to the Report of Thai Hoa town’s People's Committee on the

implementation of socio-economic development of the town in 2009, the rate of poor

households in 2009 in the town accounts for 8.45%.

Hunger radiation and poverty reduction of the town in recent years has made great

progress, the people's spiritual and material lives are more and more improved. The value of

production per capita is quite high: 19.2 million (calculated at current prices). Programs of

social welfare, hunger radiation and poverty reduction were well implemented, therefore;

rate of poor households has been reduced significantly as compared with the average rate of

the whole Nghe An province.

Current situation of social infrastructure

• Education and training: Currently, the town has 01 Western Technical Economic

Intermediate School (Phu Quy Vocational School); 01 regular education center, 04

high schools (including 01 private high school); 09 secondary schools; 11 primary

schools, 08 nursery schools. The whole town has 32 schools (with 04 learning levels)

of which 09 schools meet national standards.



44

• Health:

All wards/communes have medical stations. In the beginning six months of 2008, the

medical examination and treatment in the General Hospital reached: 62,854 patients, reaching

52.4% of the year plan, the number of patients treated as inpatients: 7464 people, the rate of

patient bed use reached 111.7%. The health system in communes, wards have provided

medical examination and treatment for 57,814 people, inpatient treatment for 1157 people, the

system of non-public medical examination and treatment continue to serve the needs of

medical examination and treatment for people.

Work in preventive health care has been enhanced, well implemented n the area,

therefore; no epedemic happened, food hygiene and safety are set tightly. Currently, there are

four wards, communes that meet national standards of health includeing: Hieu Hoa, Nghia

Thuan, Dong Hieu and Tay Hieu; reaching the percentage of 40% of all wards, communes.

2.3. CURRENT SITUATION OF DRAINAGE

2.3.1. Current situation of drainage system

At the moment, only some roads have drainage sewers and limited in some wards in

the inner city area, concentrated along the National Road 48.

- Rainwater: is collected through surface intake system, poured into the common

drainage ditch together with wastewater or overflow on road surface and then poured

into surrounding rice fields, drainage ponds and rivers. Thus rainwater and waste

water is collected into a system of drainage ditches located on pavements of roads and

then poured into Hieu river. When there is rain, waste water is diluted by rain water

and then poured into the river, which has dramatically reduced the pollution to the

rivers significantly reducing the pollution to the surrounding environment. However,

when there is no rain, the water levels in the rivers get low, the volume of wastewater

flowing into rivers causes pollution.

- Waste water: waste water from households, flowing directly into the street sewers (for

areas having drainage sewers such as the area along National Road 48) through small

sewers (mainly including sewer pipe uPVC D100- D150). After waste water from

households flows to sewers, it is discharged into the rivers.

- Apart from households living along the roads having drainage sewers, almost residents

living in other areas (where no water drainage sewers are available) discharge

wastewater directly to the outside (fields, ditches or rivers). This has seriously affected

the environment, causing unpleasant smell, greatly influencing the local people in

surrounding area.

Figure 11 – The status of drainage system in Thai Hoa town.

2.3.2. Current situation of drainage channels and sewers

In general, the drainage system in Thai Hoa town has not been constructed completely.

The combined system with box culverts stretching along some main routes of central roads of

central wards in the town center. In the suburban communes, there is virtually no drainage

system. Most of the wastewater and rain water of households will be discharged into

surrounding rivers, lakes, ponds and fields.



45

• Hoa Hieu Ward: Most major roads of Hoa Hieu Ward have water drainage box

sewers at the two sides of the road with the width B = 0.5 ÷ 1m. Yet because

these system are not regularly dredged, repaired, some of their ditch covers

were much damaged. Many water drainage routes are open ditches, people

discharge waste directly into the ditches, which causes unpleasant odors,

polluteingthe environment and urban landscape

• Long Son Ward: the water drainage ditch routes in Long Son Ward are limited

and mainly located in roads intersected with Hoa Hieu ward. In these water

drainage ditche routes as well as in the water drainage ditch routes as of Hoa

Hieu ward, the majority of ditch covers have been damaged, degraded.

• Quang Phong Ward: the water drainage ditch routes in Quang Phong ward is

mainly located along the National Road 15A, with the width B = 0.5 m. Most

of these water drainage ditch routes have been deteriorated, many sections are

not dredged, thus there dregs, waste has filled ditch bed, reducing water

drainage ability.

• Quang Tien Ward: in Quang Tien Ward, the water drainage ditches are mainly

located along the National Road 48. Like other wards of the town, the sewer

system in Quang Tien ward is also damaged and degraded.

Table 2: Consolidation of current water drainage sewers, ditches.

No. Width B (m) Length L (m)

1 B = 1,5m 744

2 B = 1,0m 9680

3 B = 0,8m 3858

4 B = 0,5m 1162

Road surface water collection manholes (surface intakes) were built in the form of

inlets (0.5 x0, 1m) rectangle hole boring (0,1 x0, 1m). The distance between manholes on the

average from 25-35m, particularly some sections are up to 50m (along National Road 48, ..).

In many routes, road surface rain water collection manholes are in good operaion, the average

distance between the manholes is from 25-50m.

However, on some routes due to weak management, the manholes there blocked by

rubbish were damaged. On some other roads, road surface water collection manholes’

currents were blocked by building materials, refuse, greatly reducing the water drainage

ability of the roads, ...

2.3.3. Current situation of flooding and inundations

In Thai Hoa town there still exists some frequent flooding points. These points need to be

addressed thoroughly to minimize the impacts on the environmental sanitation as well as the

lives, traffic of people. The regularly flooding sites include:

• The cross-road on the National Road 48 belongs to Hoa Hieu ward: is the place where

flooding occurs regularly whenever there is heavy rain causing great influence on

daily life, environmental sanitation and transportation, which has caused urgent matter

to the people in the town.



46

• The area on the National Road 15A belonging to the territory of Quang Tien ward near

Nghia Tien commune (the section near the rubber company) is also frequently

flooded, affecting seriously daily lives of the people, esp. This is the transport road the

National Road 15A

The time of flooding usually lasts about 1-5 hours, the flooding depth is about 0.3 to 0.7 m

with the flooding area on the average is about 0.5 ha.

2.3.4. Current situation of drainage river and waste water catchment

Current situation of drainage system:

Hieu River is the largest river flowing through the project area, with the total length of

about 220 km. Hieu river has 5 branches, namely:

+ Sao river: has the basin of 160 km2, 34km long.

+ Khe Cai: 23km long .

+ Khe Ang: 23km long.

+ Khe Deu: 16km long.

+ Khe Da: 17km, with basin area of 50km2.

Bau Sen lake is located in Hoa Hieu Ward, with the area of about 5.5 hectares and a

reserve of about 100.000m3. This lake can regulate water draiage for the town apart from

creating the environmental landscape for the town.

Current situation of water drainage catchments:

Currently, the water drainage catchment of Thai Hoa town can be divided into two

main catchments as follows:

- The catchment in the East of Hieu river: is limited by Nghia Dan market, Nghia Dan

bus station to Hieu river bank. This is a huge catchment of Thai Hoa town with the

main water drainage direction from east to west. In this catchment, there still exists

some flooing points such as the cross road on the National Road 48.

- The catchment in the West of Hieu river: is limited by

the National Road 15A, Quang Trung, Lam Son hamlets (Quang Tien Ward) to Hieu

river bank. This is a catchment with quite complex terrain, but has the water drainage

direction from west to east. In this catchment, there still exists some flooding points

such as the flooding, point on the National Road 15A, near the rubber company.

2.4. CURRENT SITUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

2.4.1. Current situation of household sanitation

According to information gathered from the Social-Economic Investigation, in March

2010, the number of households that have private toilets accounts for 95.4%, the number of

households that have no toilets is 4.6%. Those that have no private toilets mainly fall into

poor, medium families. They have not enough conditions to build toilets or have

psychological habits of not using toilets.



47

Table: Rate of household latrine types

Types of toilets Digging

/ bridge

latrines

One

compartmen

t latrines

Two

compartmen

t latrines

Septic tanks

(3

compartments

)

Flushing/

Penetratio

n latrines/

without

septic

tanks

Total

Classifie

d by

househol

d

economy

Poor 30.4% 30.4% 34.8% 4.3% 100.0%

Mediu

m 11.2% 13.3% 39.9% 33.5% 2.1% 100.0%

Good 1.4% 8.6% 27.1% 62.9% 100.0%

Rich 12.5% 18.8% 68.8% 100.0%

Total 9.8% 13.5% 35.4% 40.1% 1.3%

100.0

%

(Source: Report on Socio-economic survey for project, 2010)

Chart 3: Types of household latrines

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

1

9.8%

13.5%

35.4%

40.1%

1.3%

Digging/bridge latrines

One compartment latrines

Two compartment latrines

Septic tanks

Flushing/without septic tanks


2.4.2. Current situation of solid waste collection and treatment

Currently, waste management and collection in Thai Hoa town do are carried out by

Thai Hoa Environmental Sanitation Company. Solid waste which is not classified at the

source is concentrated collected and taken to the dumping and burning place of the town. The

landfill of the town at the present is only temporary one that has not been properly invested,

failing to meet the requirements of a sanitary landfill, not applying any pollution treatment

measures. So the landfill of the town is now considered a pollution source which is quite

serious in the province.

The ccollection performance in the town only reaches about 40% of the volume of

waste arising in the reality. Due to weakness and lack of personnel and equipments, everyday

the volume of waste to be collected in the area is from 4 to 6 trucks, on peak days (Tet,



48

festival days) this volume is 7 trucks equivalent to about 2 - 2.5 tons per day and only

stopping at the collection and concentration in the landfill, without treatment measures.

Collection places are also limited in central areas of the town along the National Road 15 and

National Road 48 with the radius of 2 km.

Each day, each household discharges on the average 3kg of waste, 1kg of waste at the

minimum and up to 15kg at the maximum. According to the survey of households with

different living standards, waste volumes generated are also different. Often households with

difficult economic conditions have less waste than households with good, rich economic

conditions. Households doing eating, drinking service business are those having the most

waste volume.

Table 21. Types of waste treatment methods of households

Handling method of domestic

waste

Living standards Total

Poor Medium Good Rich

Burning/ burying in the

garden Proportion 88.7% 58.4% 51.3% 46.3% 59.2%

Taking to the public

landfill Proportion 0.0% 13.7% 12.7% 0.0% 11.6%

Pouring into the garden Proportion 4.8% 3.9% 1.2% 0.0% 3.1%

Throw out to the field /

vacant land area Proportion 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%

Sanitary group goes to

collect Proportion 6.5% 25.8% 34.9% 53.7% 27%

Total Proportion 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%


2.5. OTHER TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE CONDITIONS

2.5.1. Traffic condition

Road way:

- Thai Hoa town is located in the intersection of two life-line roads: Highway 48 route

linking the eastern districts (Quynh Luu, Dien Chau, to Highway 1A route connecting

Dong Nam Economic Zone, and Cua Lo harbour and Vinh Town) with the western

districts of Nghe An (Quy Hop, Quy Chau, Que Phong); Ho Chi Minh route,

connecting districts of Tan Ky, Do Luong, Anh Son in the south, districts of Nghia

Dan and Nhu Xuan - Thanh Hoa in the north, Thai Hoa Town has become an

important point in the economic-social development, security and defense

strengthening strategy of Nghe An province and the North Central Regional ...

- Highway 48 is the main external road through Thai Hoa town from the junction of

Yen Ly to Quy Hop. The section through the town is about 6km long, is being

renovated, upgraded, plastic pavement has width of 15m, 6m for each sidewalk.



49

- Highway 15A: present condition of the road is deteriorated, paved roads, pavement

width of 3.5 m, 5.5 m platform We already have projects to renovate and upgrade to

reach the standard of delta road level 3.

- Provincial Highway 545: the cross section current condition is narrow, 3.5 m wide

asphalt surface, land ditches on both sides.

- Ho Chi Minh road goes through the eastern, 10km away from the town.

- External Bus Station is near the town center, the area is narrow, failing to meet service

needs.

- Network traffic in expanded Thai Hoa urban center is not complete, the street does not

have the nature of urban roads, narrow cross-section, no sidewalk. Many asphalt

surfaces are deteriorated.

- Vuc Rong - Khe Son Route are being deployed with 17m wide, in which, asphalt

surface is 11m wide, the two sidewalks combined concrete slab cover ditch, 3 meter

wide each.

- Some small villages have their road surface concrete poured, 1.5 - 2m cross section.

Water way:

Hieu river flows through urban areas, the river bed is wide but the water level

difference between flood season and dry season is large, so water way exploitation on Hieu

River is not favorable.

There are some points of sand mining points on the river, only small load boats

carrying materials on the river.

Rail way:

Railway from Cau Giat to Thai Hoa town is primarily transport agricultural products,

quarrying, is not used often. Railway station has deteriorated, has seeing-off road about 200

meters long.

2.5.2. Power supply

Thai Hoa town uses national grid through Nghia Dan 110 KV station in Hoa Hieu

ward, 1 x 16MVA capacity, supply voltage of 110/35/10KV. Ensure to meet production and

activities needs of the urban.

� High tension grid:

NO List Section (mm2) Length (Km)

1 T/Hoa-N/Dan double road 110Kv line 2AC – 185 180

35Kv grid

2 Road 372 Nghia Dan – Quynh Lưu AC – 95 37

3 Road 375 Nghia Dan to An-Duc-Khanh AC – 95 5

4 Road 373 Nghia Dan-Nghia Lac AC – 95 6

� Medium tension grid:

Behind current Nghia Dan 110 KV station there are 5 10 kV roads supplying power to

Thai Hoa town and surrounding villages, the wire section of AC95, AC70, AC50. Entire Thai

Hoa town now have nine 10/0.4 kV substations with total capacity of 2070 KVA

� 0,4KV grid:



50

0.4kV grid is on the road, sections of AC70, AC50, AC35 go on the same high tension

pillars. There are 0.4 kV grid sections go on wooden pillars. Thai Hoa town is a mountain

town, residents do not focus so much low tension lines are too long, voltage loss is big.

� Lighting grid:

Town's lighting grid is incomplete, only highway 48 through the town is illuminated.

The other route has no lighting.

� Assessment of power grid:

Generally, medium voltage grid of Nghia Dan district is mainly overhead line, open

circuit ray shaped. New 35KV power grid is constructed ensuring power supply

specifications. 10 kV grid has renovated a number of main lines to serve the power

requirements for the loads, however safe supply of electricity is not high, not satisfied voltage

improve according to 22kV standard.

2.5.3. Water supply

Currently Thai Hoa town has centralized water supply system with capacity of

4000m3/day and night with Hieu river water source. Water prices are applied to collect fee in

Thai Hoa Town is VND3500/m3.

Agencies and residents in the designed area are only households along the road with

main water supply pipes collecting water directly by ∅50mm or ∅32mm the pipes.

2.6. THE STATUS OF ENVIRONMENT QUALITY

2.6.1. The status of air environment quality

Methods of measurements to determine some basic criteria for quality status of air

environment in project area such as:

� Quantity of samples: Observed in 20 locations;

� Observing frequency: Samples are taken continuously in 1 hour, twice a day and

observation is conducted in 2 continuous days.

� Sampling time: from 26 to 27/6/2010

� Observing location: In locations planned for construction of the project works such

as WWPS, pipelines, WWTP and in typical locations such as on the main road routes,

cross-road, intersection, school area, hospital, market, etc and detailed in the table

below:

Table 2.9. Analyzing results

No. Symbol Co-ordinates Sampling location Remark

1 KK1 19o19'420N;

105o26'343E

Location of WWTP 2 At the field, far from At the field, far from residentital

area

2 KK2 19o19'426N;

105o26'348E

Nghe An coffe and rubber

Company

At the entrance of the

Company, close to traffic road.

3 KK3 19o19'440N;

105o25'694E

Vegitation oil company At the entrance of the

Company, close to traffic road.

4 KK4 19o19'343N;

105o26'352E

Nghia Quang market gate At the entrance of the market,

crowded residents, households

selling food, fruits, groceries,



51

(Picture Annex: Measurements of air quality in project area)

These are typical locations of air quality, which reflect accurately the existing

conditions in the construction area of the project. The measuring machine is located at the

height of 1,2 - 1,5m and at other locations far from the defined location with the distances of

1; 7,5; 15; 30; 60m to ensure the feature of the location and to take the average value. The

average result of observing locations are specified in the table below:

Table 2.10. Analyzing results of surrounding air environment

etc.

5 KK5 19o19'438N;

105o26'356E

Nghia Thang intersection On traffic road

6 KK6 19o19'443N;

105o26'339E

Hieu river’s bridge On Bridge of Hieu river

7 KK7 19o19'458N;

105o26'258E

Treatment Plant 1 At the field, far from

residentital area

8 KK8 19o19'456N;

105o26'312E

Brick –kiln in Long Son

ward 100m away from the furnace

area, far from residential areas

9 KK9 19o19'429N;

105o26'323E

Entrance of Quang Phong

ward

On road, at the entrance of the

ward.

10 KK10 19o19'465N;

105o26'298E

Hoa Hieu 1 primary school At school gate, during school

time

11 KK11 19o19'938N;1

05o265343E

Hieu market On road at Hieu market, many

business, trading families.

12 KK12 19o19'426N;

105o25'343E

Police station in old Nghia

Dan district

At the gate of police station of

Nghia Dan district, close to the

traffic road.

13 KK13 19o19'339N;

105o26'063E

Intersection of Thai Hoa

town

Close to the edge of the road,

at intersection of Thai Hoa

town, there are many vehicles

traveling

14 KK14 19o19'339N;

105o26'060E

Bau Sen lake On road, close to Bau lake.

15 KK15 19o18'125N;

105o27'904E

Nghia My Cong industrial

zone, Nam Trung

Company

Gate of Nam Trung Company,

calm wind

16 KK16 19o18'258N;

105o27'904E

Gate of material

manufacturing factory for

hydro-power plant.

Gate of processing factory,

calm wind

17 KK17 19o18'148N;

105o27'867E

Entrance of the industrial

zone

Gate of industrial area, calm

wind

18 KK18 19o18'214N;

105o27'697E

Railway near industrial

zone.

Close to railway edge, about

100m from industrial area.

19 KK19 19o18'546N;

105o27'417E

Road of village, hospital On access road in the village,

near hospital.

20 KK20 19o18'565N;

105o27'524E

Bui Thi Anh, Dong Tam 2

area – Hoa Hieu ward.

At the gate of household.




NO CRITERIA Unit KK1 KK2 KK3 KK4 KK5 KK6 KK7 KK8 KK9 KK10

QCVN05,

06:2009/

BTNMT

1 Temperature oC 30.8 32.0 33.9 34.3 33.1 33.3 33.4 33.1 32.5 33.6 -

2 Humidity % 75.5 72.1 66.8 56.5 60.4 58.4 60.1 60.8 65.3 56.2 -

3 Wind speed m/s 0.24 0.27 1.0 1.11 0.38 1.52 1.79 2.1 0.15 0.18 -

4 Suspended

dust µg/m3

80 184 168 168 195 168 103 158 114 108 300

5 PM10 dust µg/m3 16.8 30.5 28.3 38.5 46.1 32.9 28.5 23.1 21.5 20.4 150

6 Lead dust

(TB 24h) µg/m3

0.23 0.58 0.47 0.49 0.61 0.38 0.16 0.24 0.23 0.2 1.5

7 CO µg/m3 9000 15000 15500 12800 12500 13500 9500 23000 14000 13800 30000

8 NO2 µg/m3 67 112 98.6 88 90 148 68 82 80 76 200

9 SO2 µg/m3 112 213 183 158 193 242 124 146 132 128 350

10 H2S µg/m3 39.3 26.1 22.8 38.3 25.8 26.4 18.2 23.5 20.6 22.1 42

11 Instant noise dB 61 76.3 67.8 78.5 76.2 90.0 60.1 78.9 71.2 67.4 75

12 Leq noise dB 52 68.1 60.1 69.3 69.5 67.9 50.8 60.4 57.3 59.8 60

13 Max noise dB 72 82 78 83 81.7 97.8 74.7 89.4 77.9 76.5 -

14 Accelerating

seisemic m/s

2

0.011

0.017

0.016

0.02

0.019

0.023

0.011

0.012

0.011

0.011

-

15 Velocity

seisemic cm/s

0.12

0.16

0.15

0.19

0.17

0.12

0.09

0.1

0.09

0.101

-




Table 2.11 Analyzing results of surrounding air environment (cont)

NO CRITERIA Unit KK11 KK12 KK13 KK14 KK15 KK16 KK17 KK18 KK19 KK20

QCVN05,

06:2009/

BTNMT

1 Temperature oC 35.7 37.7 38.1 37.8 39.6 38.5 37.2 38.5 37.8 36.2 -

2 Humidity % 47.3 45.6 41.4 42.3 37.3 43.2 45.8 43.7 45.2 53.0 -

3 Wind speed m/s 0.43 0.23 0.21 1.23 1.22 0.26 1.21 0.32 2.23 1.26 -

4 Suspended

dust µg/m3

82 180 138 133 193 158 160 156 116 123 300

5 PM10 dust

(TB 24h) µg/m3

35.2 24.1 48.3 25.1 68.7 32.5 30.2 28.7 23.4 24.2 150

6 Lead dust

(TB 24h) µg/m3

0.36 0.42 0.84 0.29 0.78 0.39 0.41 0.43 0.19 0.2 1.5

7 CO µg/m3 13000 9000 12500 9500 12000 18500 18700 13000 10000 10800 30000

8 NO2 µg/m3 103 96 145 80 113 129 116 92 89 96 200

9 SO2 µg/m3 124 98.6 183 78.1 181 188 162 159 143 148 350

10 H2S µg/m3 49.3 25.6 46.2 28.9 36.4 39.8 34.9 28.1 33.7 34.9 42

11 Instant noise dB 80.6 77.1 85.2 65.2 73.8 74.7 73.0 79.3 75.2 73.7 75

12 Leq noise dB 60 56.8 63.8 52.7 59.8 65.1 64.5 68.3 65.1 64.2 60

13 Max noise dB 88 76 94.7 74 88.9 89.6 84.2 89.3 77.3 77.9 -

14 Accelerating

seismic m/s

2

0.018

0.011

0.019

0.009

0.014

0.018

0.017

0.021

0.012

0.013

-

15 Velocity

Seismic cm/s

0.13

0.09

0.15

0.09

0.12

0.17

0.15

0.18

0.09

0.101

-




Comparison standard of air environment measuring parameters:

- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT – National techical standard of surrounding air quality.

Comparison standard of measuring parameters relating to noise and vibration:

- TCVN 5949:1998 – Noise in public places and residence, Tiếng ồn khu vực

công cộng và dân cư, maximum allowable noise level.

- TCVN 6962:2001 - Vibration and shock. Vibrations caused by construction and

industrial production activities. Maximum levels permitted for industrial and

residential area.


10/10/2002 regarding the application of 21 occupational health standards.

As surrounding air quality standards QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT with basic parameters

SO2, CO2, NOx, suspended dust, dust PM10 (dust concentration size ≤ 10µm), Pb dust in the

content of surrounding air. Based on the value of these parameters to assess surrounding air

quality and monitor status of content change of air parameters in the process of monitoring

and supervision.

The parameters of microclimate criteria such as temperature, humidity, wind speed,

light are favourable, noise level according to standards on the maximum number of permitted

noise level for the surrounding QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT.

Concentration of suspended dust (TPS), PM 10, Pb, CO, NO2, SO2, H2S in 20

observation locations is lower than pemissible standard.

Noise criteria: The measuring parameters in noise and vibration levels are measured

with the position corresponding to above 20 locations to ensure the results on the overall

results on the impact of noise and vibration in the study area and residential area. These

indicators are mostly located in KK2, KK3, KK4, KK5, KK6, KK8, KK11, KK12, KK13,

KK16, KK17, KK18, , however, the allowable exess level is low ranging from 1.02 to 1.14

times.

Vibration level is selected for measurement at areas of the wastewater pumping

station located, residential areas within the project and some roads with high vehicle traffic as

the traffic junction of roads. The values are below the allowed limit.

Comment: the result on the background air parameters of survey area shows that the

current background air environmental situation is relatively good. The signs of noise pollution

have just begin at low level. The locations having noise exceeding allowable limit occur

mostly where traffic density is heavy. Therefore, when the project begins to be implemented,

there should be periodical monitoring plan in each specific phase of the project to be able to

have good coordination, completed on schedule, well operate items of project to promote

economic-social development while ensuring public health, general harmony with plans and

strategies for economic-social development in general of the Thai Hoa Town in the future.

2.6.2. The status of surface water environment quality

Methods of sampling to determine some basic criteria for quality status of surface

water environment in project area such as:

� Quantity of samples: Observed at 10 locations;



55

� Observing frequency: Sampling locations are observed in 2 days, conducting the

measurement twice a day and the results shown below are average results of

observations.


� Sampling analysis: from 28/6/2010 to 5/7/2010

� Observing/sampling location: at 10 typical locations of the project: drainage

catchments and surface water source receiving treated wastewater (Hieu river) and

reservoir in the project area. Details are shown in the table below:

(Picture Annex: Sampling of surface water environmentin project area)

Average result of the sampling locations are specified in the table below:

Table 2.11. Analyzing result of surface water environment quality

No. Symbol Sampling location Remark

1 NM1 Water of Hieu river,

wastewater treatment plant

2 (WTP 2)

No discharge points from factories,

enterprises, hospitals and sewer discharging

directly from the residential area at the

sampling point.

2 NM2 Hieu river water in the

East




sampling point, 200m far from discharge

point.

3 NM3 Hieu river water in the

West




sampling point, 200m far from discharge

point.

4 NM4 Water of discharging

source – WTP 1



directly from the sampling point.

5 NM5 Water in lake near brick

kiln in Long Son ward.

No discharge sewer into the lake, low lake

water level

6 NM6 Water in pond of Mr.

Pham Minh Duc’s

household, in Tan Tien

block.

Pond water level low, families discharging

wastewater directly into the pond

7 NM7 Water in Bau Sen lake Few people living around the lake, the lake

water level high

8 NM8 Surface water of Nam

Trung Nghe An JSC.

Pond water level low, no outlet from the plant

to the pond

9 NM9 Surface water in pond of

Le Mau Sun’s household


water directly into pond

10 NM10 Surface water in pond of

Mr. Nguyen Viet Hong ‘s

household, hamlet 14


wastewater directly into the pond




NO. CRITERIA UNIT NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5 NM6 NM7 NM8 NM9 NM10

QCVN

08:2008/

BTNMT(

B1)

1 Temperature oC 32.6 32.5 32.8 32.3 33.7 32.7 32.9 32.6 32.8 32.7 -

2 pH

7.2 7.23 7.11 7.16 7.18 7.24 7.18 7.22 7.21 7.16 5.5 đến 9

3 Total of suspended

substances

mg/l 80.8 81.2 80.3 79.8 84.1 88.1 87.3 80.3 77.1 81.2 50

4 Chemical oxygen

demand (COD)

mg/l02 30,2 30,1 30,5 26,7 22,3 30,1 30,4 23,6 21,7 30,5 30

5 Colifom MPN/l 3800 3780 3760 3690 3780 3800 3610 3600 3600 3530 7500

6 BOD5 mg/l 19.3 19.7 19.2 18.8 21.6 21.8 21.3 21.9 22.1 21.7 15

7 Mn mg/l 0.09 0.086 0.092 0.09 0.099 0.11 0.1 0.114 0.131 0.122 -

8 Total of Fe mg/l 1.22 1.24 1.21 1.14 1.26 1.29 1.24 1.23 1.1 1.3 1.5

9 DO mg/l 4.07 4.03 4.68 3.82 3.96 3.9 3.16 3.14 3.11 3.17 > 4

10 NH4 mg/l 0.75 0.76 0.725 0.71 0.79 0.76 0.73 0.75 0.82 0.75 0.5

11 NO3 mg/l 9.6 9.6 9.8 9.4 9.5 10.3 11.2 9.5 10.1 9.6 10

12 NO2 mg/l 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.021 0.02 0.028 0.024 0.025 0.027 0.027 0.04

13 Turbidity NTU

5.0 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.8 5.3 5.8 6.2 6.11 6.15 -

14 Conductance 419 433 426 431 429 478 452 419 491 473 -

15 Total of minirals mg/l 0.05 0.52 0.053 0.052 0.09 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.13 -

16 Total phosphorus mg/l 120 121 120 122 128 107 109 115 119 123 -

17 CL- mg/l 487 492 480 511 547 357 368 379 402 358 600

18 Pb mg/l 0.062 0.064 0.061 0.063 0.07 0.076 0.061 0.063 0.058 0.052 0.05

19 Zn mg/l 1.82 1.81 1.82 1.84 1.88 1.6 1.42 1.52 1.53 1.47 1.5

29 Pesticide residues

for vegetation

protection

mg/l 0.14 0.126 0.128 0.13 0.067 0.063 0.060 0.068 0.065 0.067 0.4

21 Oil, grease mg/l 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.1




Applied environmental standards

� QCVN 08-2008/BTNMT: National technical standard of surface water quality;

These water samples were taken at the site and preserved in flexible sample storage

tanks before being brought to analysis at the lab. Levels of water quality parameters is

compared with limit values of the parameters and the concentration of pollutants with

standards QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT corresponding value in column B. The analytical results

show that:

Physical parameters: are measured to be pH, temperature, density, conductance.

- The temperature value of the sample changes in seasonal and sampling location,

with time of measurement at hot and sunny weather, breeze, so the temperature

range 320C.

- pH value measured at the positions are within the permitted range, suitable with

environment for the living activities of aquatic species.

- Density at sample positions within the permitted range according to standard of

column B, because of washout process and dissolving the amount of silt in

water.

- Conductance in all samples is equivalent to the average value. Conductance,

density increase in the residential areas, the treatment plants, conductance and

density are lower than other positions.

Overall, the results of the physical parameters do not greatly affect the lives of aquatic

species but promote mineralization process, promote decomposition of pollutants in water

environment so affect beneficially in reducing pollution.

Chemical Criteria of water environment: the measurements are DO, TSS, BOD5, COD,

NH4+, NO2

-, NO3

-, Fe, Cl

-, T-P, Pb2

+, Zn2

+. These criteria reflect the most basically current

status of basic chemical quality of water environment.

- O2 dissolved concentration (DO) in the water meets standard so it promotes self-

cleaning operation process of micro-organisms, especially in the area of

proposed treatment plant. Results show that at points of NM4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,

DO concentrations are lower than 4mg/l which do not meet allowable stardard.

- BOD5 content in 10 positions meets allowable standard; content of COD in the

positions is approximat or exceed allowable standard at a low level of about 1.1

times. This indicates that the quality of surface water in the project has sign of

COD pollution. This is resulted from dialy activities of the residents when they

discharge waste into receiving body.

- NH4+N content in the samples range from 0,41 – 0,49 mgNH4

+/l, The samples

have values approximate to the allowable standard. Therefore, NH4-N parameter

has sign of pollution to surface water source.

- NO2- content is 5 - 15 times lower than than standard.

- Content of NO3-

ranges from 9,4 – 11,2 mg/l which exceeds not much the

allowable standard , about 1.2 times; These results show that there is always a

strong conversion of Nitrogen treatment micro-organisms in surface water;



58

Thus, for chemical indicators, pay attention to the dissolved oxygen concentration COD,

NH4-N, NO2-N to have management measures and adjustments in accordance with standard

of surface water quality according to standards stated in QCVN 08-2008/BTNMT, type B.

Content of heavy metals: in most samples are lower than the standard: Pb2+

concentration was much lower than standard (0.1mgPb/l), Zn concentration in measured

samples (<1µg/l) values lower than standard (2mg/l); Cl-

concentration of samples ranges

between 9-34 mgCl-/l lower than the permitted standard (250mgCl

-/l), pesticide residues in

respective water samples is negligible, valued from 0.0012 to 0.0047mg/l. Respective Fe

content is from 0.1 to 0.4 mg Fe2+

/l, lower than the allowed value in all analyzed samples.

In general, KLN parameters at the time of analysis have no sign of exceeding the

permitted standard. However, those indicators tend to rise in coming years with the socio-

economic growth as well as the necessities of life. The question is the periodical observation

and measurement to assess properly before directing and guiding the implementation of all

levels and sectors concerned.

Parameter of micro-organism: lower than THE STANDARD in all sample analyzing

locations.

Reviews: Analyzing results of chemical, physical, biological indicators above shows

most of the water environmental parameters and contaminants are within permissible limit,

except the criteria of COD, BOD5, NH4-N, NO2-N are higher than standard but not much.

This shows that surface water quality in the area is quite well, meeting the requirement of

water supply in agriculture and aquaculture.

2.6.3 The status of underground water environment quality

Through studying of hydrogeological survey report and sociological assessment, we

see that local people in the studied wards/communes, in addition to tap water, they use water

in wells, rivers, lakes and rainwater.

Methods of sampling to determine the quality of underground water environment in project

area such as:

� Quantity of samples: obseved in 10 locations;

� Observation/sampling frequency: twice a day and in 2 continuous days. The

analysis resuts shown in the table below are average results of observations.



� Observation location: Taken samples of drilling wells of 20 – 30m deep of

households in the area of work items of the project.


1 NN1 Well water of Le Van Quy’s house,

hamlet 1, Boi village Taken directly from the tap when

pumping wells, not through filtering,

drilling at 30 m deep

2 NN2 well water of Le Thi Ly’s house,

Huong Bac hamlet Taken directly from the tap when

pumping drilling wells, not through



59

Table 2.13. Analyzing results of underground water environment quality

filtering, drilling at 30 m deep

3 NN3 well water of Nguyen Thi Dung’s

house, Nghia Thang intersection Taken directly from the tap when



4 NN4 well water of brick pack of Long Son

ward Taken directly from the tap when



5 NN5 well water of Nguyen Thi Nhung’s

house Taken directly from the tap when



6 NN6 well water of Nam Trung JSC, Nghe

An Taken directly from the tap when



7 NN7 well water of Le Mau Son house,,

village 10 Taken directly from the tap when



8 NN8 Well water of Mr. Nguyen Viet

Hong’s house, hamlet 14 Taken directly from the tap when



9 NN9 Well water of Tang Thi Hoa’s house,

Dong Tam hamlet. Taken directly from the tap when



10 NN10 Well water of Thai Hoa hospital. Taken directly from the tap when






N

o.

CRITERIA UNIT NN 1 NN 2 NN 3 NN 4 NN 5 NN 6 NN 7 NN 8 NN 9 NN 10

QCVN09:20

08/BTNMT

1 Temperatur

e

oC 32.6 32.8 33.3 32.4 32.7 33.1 32.7 32.5 32.9 32.9

2 pH 6.8 6.65 7.03 6.38 6.89 7.12 6.58 6.93 6.71 7.08 5.5 - 8.5

3 Hardness

(based on

CaCO3)

mg/l 324 332 338 358 413 424 459 437 468 479 500

4 Total dregs mg/l 579 568 603 543 598 549 603 518 592 587 1500

5 As mg/l 0.032 0.036 0.031 0.042 0.029 0.031 0.022 0.0215 0.0322 0.031 0.05

6 Hg mg/l 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0003 0.0004 0.00042 0.00057 0.00046 0.001

7 Zn mg/l 2.83 2.14 1.96 2.34 1.98 2.08 1.12 1.09 1.34 1.98 3.0

8 Cl- mg/l 170 162 160 164 168 190 178 172 178 165 250

9 Total Cu mg/l 0.34 0.21 0.31 0.35 0.39 0.37 0.31 0.28 0.33 0.41 1.0

10 Pb mg/l 0.003 0.004 0.0021 0.0019 0.0018 0.0031 0.0032 0.025 0.028 0.029 0.01

11 Fe mg/l 2.43 2.12 3.0 3.17 3.07 2.51 2.43 3.12 2.67 2.78 5

12 Colifom MPN/100

ml

5 4 4 5 5 6 5 4 4 5 3

13 Colour - 54 55 56 61 58 60 57 62 63.6 69.1 -

14 cd mg/l 0.00021 0.00022 0.00026 0.00022 0.00027 0.00022 0.00021 0.00025 0.00022 0.00026 0.005

15 Chrome VI mg/l 0.009 0.0082 0.0071 0.0069 0.008 0.009 0.012 0.0078 0.011 0.0098 0.05

16 CN- mg/l 0.0035 0.0029 0.0032 0.0027 0.0038 0.0026 0.0028 0.0027 0.0029 0.0032 0.01

17 Fluoride mg/l 0.81 0.76 0.78 0.69 0.67 0.96 0.73 0.79 0.67 0.76 1

18 Mn mg/l 0.23 0.19 0.21 0.16 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.13 0.21 0.5

19 Nitrate mg/l 18.5 12.8 16.1 14.6 15.9 20.9 21.7 19.5 16.1 18.3 15

20 Phenol mg/l 0.00011 0.00015 0.00016 0.00014 0.00017 0.00017 0.00022 0.00021 0.00019 0.00018 0.001

21 Sulphate mg/l 223 248 276 251 239 243 297 278 289 292 400

22 Mercury mg/l 0.00016 0.00019 0.0002 0.00024 0.00023 0.00031 0.00036 0.00032 0.00039 0.00037 0.001

23 Selenium mg/l 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.0037 0.004 0.0027 0.0029 0.0031 0.0028 0.01




Applied standards in alalyzing of underground water quality

- QCVN 01:2009/BYT: National technical standard of drinking water quality;

- QCVN 09-2008/BTMT: National technical standard of underground water quality;

Groundwater samples were analyzed for indicators: pH, color, hardness, TDS,

chloride, sulfate, nitrate, cadmium, arsenic, iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, mercury,

phenols, selenium, for coliform the evaluation of the quality of water sources that people

currently use and the evaluation of the quality of life of people through the quality of water

they use.

Physical parameters of underground water:

- pH of samples in neutral-slightly alkaline water, ranging between 6.90 to 7.27

in the limit from 6.5 to 8.5 for water;

- Low colour level of 3 - 17 NTU, in the permitted limit from 10 - 50 NTU;

- Solidity in the samples are lower than the standard by 228-284 mgCaCO3/l,

lower than standard (300 - 500mgCaCO3/l); For this criterion, the water is

suitable for all uses .

- Total dissolved TDS solids range between 254-341 mg/l, much lower than

standard (750 - 1500mg/l). Thus, the physical parameters are currently rather

good for water for food purposes as well as other uses.

Chemical parameters and KLN criterion: measure parameters of chloride, sulfate,

nitrate, cyanide, cadmium, arsenic, iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, mercury, phenols,

selenium with concentrations respectively as follows:

- Concentration of chloride Cl- ranges from 0.4 to 3.4 mgCl-/l have value in the

allowable standard limit of 200 - 600mgCl-/l;

- Sulfate concentration from 2.12 to 39.3 mgSO42-/l is much lower than the

standard range of 200 - SO42-400mg/l, F- concentration of the samples 0.01-

0.36mgF-/l is approximately standard (1.0 mg/l);

- Contents of most of the criteria of KLN are many times lower, the content of

Cu ranges between 1.36 to 9.9 µgCu2+/l lower or approximate standard (1.0

mg/l);

- Concentrations of CN-, As(III & VI), Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Fe2+,

Se2+, Cr6+ are much lower than permitted standards.

- Phenol concentrations in all analyzed samples are many times less than

standard (1µg/l), the highest sample is NN2 (0.9 µg/l).

Generally, the content of the parameters of heavy metals are mostly in permitted limits

and far away from permitted standard. The quality of underground water in the studied area is

relatively good, however, also requires the management of the exploitation and use of this

precious resource.

Biological criterion: Microbial density in 10 samples all exceed the allowed value

(3MPN/100ml). Hence, it needs to have more clearly researches to be able to envisage proper

progress towards these sensitive criterion.



62

Comment: The parameters and concentrations of pollutants are basis for assessing the

quality of underground water, then have proper use, make sure to meet the standard for

drinking and living water quality. Above criteria are mostly have much lower concentrations

than the permitted standard. Except for the criterion of Coliform which is higher than THE

STANDARD. To have a comprehensive look and have an effective handling of the living

water resource.

2.6.4 The status of wastewater environment quality

Methods of sampling to determine the quality of wastewater environment in project area such

as:


� Observation/sampling frequency: twice a day and in 2 continuous days. The

analysis resuts shown in the table below are average results of observations.



� Observation location: the sampling location are typical positions, these are areas with

high concentrations of population and production activities, business, industry zones,

... so it may indicate the current status of wastewater quality with typical features for

areas of Thai Hoa town.

Wastewater environment quality is shown in the table below:


1 NT1 Wastewater of Rubber

Company

At the discharge point to the discharge

sewer of the area, combined concrete

stormwater sewer.

2 NT2 Wastewater in draiange

sewer of Huong Bac hamlet

Soil ditch with wastwater, stagnant water.


sewer at Nghia Quang

market

Concrete combined sewer, bussiness

househods discharge directly into sewer.


sewer to Hieu river’s bridge

Concrete combined stormwater sewer


sewer at Hoa Hieu primary

school



sewer at Hieu market

Concrete combined sewer, bussiness

househods discharge directly into sewer.


sewer at the intersection of

Thai Hoa town



sewer near Le Mau Son

household



sewer of block 8



sewer of Dong Tam hamlet





Table 2.19. Analysis results of wastewater environment quality

NO. PARAMETERS UNIT NT1

NT2 NT3

NT4 NT5 NT6

NT7 NT8

NT9 NT10 QCVN 14 :

2008/BTNMT

Value C,

column A

QCVN 24:

2009/BTNMT

value C,

column B

1 Temperature oC 33.2 32.4 33.3 32.2 34.3 32.3 33.2 33.4 32.2 32.3 - 40

2 PH

6.73 6.14 7.1 6.24 7.23 6.13 6.76 7.1 7.02 7.18 5 - 9 5.5 - 9

3 Odor

Mùi

thối Mùi

hôi

Mùi

hôi

Mùi

hôi

Mùi

hôi

Mùi

thối Mùi

hôi

Mùi

hôi

Mùi

hôi

Mùi

hôi

- Không khó

chịu

4 Color

58 54 68 59 60 78 72 61 64 62 - 50

5 Suspended

substances

mg/l 302 248 284 258 264 324 312 259 260 223 50 100

6 Oxidization

(COD)

mg/l02 304 300 318 302 300 312 297 265 287 296 - 100

7 As mg/l 0.18 0.118 0.129 0.128 0.126 0.32 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.23 - 0.1

8 Hg mg/l 0.009 0.008 0.0086 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.006 0.0063 0.0076 0.007 - 0.01

9 Zn mg/l 2.6 2.53 2.42 2.11 2.01 2.86 2.12 2.25 2.01 2.15 - 3

10 Crom (III) mg/l 1.02 0.95 1.21 0.81 0.56 1.85 1.42 1.26 1.33 1.18 - 1

11 Crom (VI) mg/l 0.14 0.11 0.15 0.1 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.1 0.13 0.14 - 0.1

12 Cu mg/l 1.9 1.12 1.18 1.1 1.2 1.42 1.06 1.02 1.04 1.07 - 2

13 NH4 mg/l 19.4 13.2 16.4 11.8 10.2 17.0 143.6 10.8 10.3 11.4 5 10

14 Total N mg/l 55.2 42.3 55.7 50.9 51.4 50.8 46.2 44.1 48.9 47.3 30

15 Total P mg/l 7.12 5.21 6.82 4.92 4.82 7.58 7.12 7.06 7.1 7.0 6

16 Colifom MPN/l 28000 22000 26000 20000 20200 28600 20000 21000 19500 19000 3000 5000

17 BOD 5 mg/l 160 123 191 132 139 196 152 147 150 153 30 50

18 Fe mg/l 5.67 3.8 4.92 3.67 3.79 4.03 4.28 3.14 3.73 4.02 5

19 Mn mg/l 0.52 0.42 0.56 0.43 0.42 0.54 0.58 0.45 0.62 0.67 1

20 Florua mg/l 5.3 4.12 4.89 4.21 4.09 4.89 4.04 4.2 4.02 3.97 10

21 Sulfua mg/l 0.12 0.082 0.14 0.084 0.08 0.190 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.144 0.5

22 Clorua mg/l 224 201 235 206 209 269 201 208 209 212 600

23 Cadimi mg/l 0.005 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.0023 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.0035 0.0026 0.01

24 Pb mg/l 0.22 0.13 0.167 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.112 0.5




Comparison standard:

� QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical standard of living wastewater

quality;

� QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT: National technical standard of industrial wastewater

quality.

The parameters of wastewater quality in the study area compared to standard QCVN

14:2008/BTNMT, must be less than the value of column B before the water flows into the

public catchment used for purposes of irrigation and drainage; Particularly with some

sampling locations of wastewater from factories, enterprises, the wastewater quality must

reach QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, must be less than the value of column B before it is

discharged into the receiving sources which are water source not used for domestic water

supply. The concentration of pollutants is as follows:

a. Physical parameters of wastewater:

Including the parameters/criteria: temperature, pH, odor, color, these arameters is

analyzed quickly at the landscape with fast measurement equipments.

- Water temperature changes between 19 – 22,30C, lower than permitted standard.

- pH in the sampling areas are almost neutral, favorable for the operations of aquatic

species and to meet different purposes.

- Odor: not reach standard in all sampling locations, malodorous.

- Criterion of water color beyond the THE STANDARD at low level, from 1.1 to 1.6

times in all analyzed samples. Colour is also an important criterion, if the excess too

much will cause adiaphanous, reduce degradation of pollutants in the water under the

effect of sunlight; reduce the viability of the aquatic species then increase the risk of

meronecrosis of individuals live in the water, thereby, increasing penetration of

pollutants from those entities.

Results of physical criteria help to see the need to collect and treat wastewater in town

to help improve the aesthetics and quality of surface water environment, enhance quality of

life for people in the area.

b. Chemical parameters of wastewater:

Mentioned criteria are COD, BOD5, suspended solid (SS), total N, total P, cadimi,

arsenic, mercury, copper, lead, zinc, iron, manganese, chloride, sulfide, fluoride.

Almost chemical criteria reach permitted standard (THE STANDARD), but

concentration of COD, BOD5, Suspended solid (SS) in 10 samples are exceed THE

STANDARD: criterion of BOD5 exceeds THE STANDARD from 2,5 � 3,8 times compared

to THE STANDARD relatively to samples NT2 and NT3; criterion of COD exceeds THE

STANDARD average of 3 times. Concentration of suspended solid (SS) exceeds THE

STANDARD from 2,7 � 3,2 times compared to THE STANDARD relatively to samples

NT8 and NT3.

Concentrations of BOD5, COD are higher than standard at all locations show that there

is unlikely to have collecting solid waste treament plant or wastewater containing high



65

organic content, were not treated but flows into public receiving source, particularly shown on

the chart below:

Chart 2.3. Analyzing result of COD (mg/l) criterion in wastewater compared to standard

304 300318

302 300312

297

265287 296

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

NT1 NT2 NT3 NT4 NT5 NT6 NT7 NT8 NT9 NT10

COD

QCVN 24:2009

Chart 2.4. Analyzing result of BOD5 (mg/l) criterion in wastewater compared to standard

160

123

191

132 139

196

152 147 150 153

0

50

100

150

200

250


BOD 5

QCVN 14:2009

QCVN 24:2010



66

Chart 2.5. Analyzing result of SS (mg/l) criterion in wastewater compared to standard

302

248

284258 264

324312

259 260

223

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


Suspended solid (SS)

QCVN 14:2008

QCVN 24:2009

Criteria of heavy metals were lower than the permitted standard, only Chrome

criterion exceeds or approximate THE STANDARD at low level.

Total N and total P criteria in some samples exceed the THE STANDARD, the highest

is 1.2 times compared to THE STANDARD; NH4 criterion exceeds THE STANDARD 1.9

times higher.

Microbiological Criterion: mentioned as criterion of coliform density. According to

permitted standard in QCVN 14:2008 and QCVN 24:2009, microbial density in the samples

are higher than THE STANDARD from 6.3 to 9.5 times compared to QCVN 14:2008 and 3.8

- 5.7 times higher than QCVN 24:2009. Microbial density is important criterion for assessing

the risk of infection and spread of epidemics, to have better ways to direct epidemiology

safety issues.

Chart 2.6. Analyzing result of Coliform criterion in wastewater compared to standard

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000


28000

22000

26000

20000 20200

28600

2000021000

19500 19000

Colifom (MPN/l) QCVN 14:2008 QCVN 24:2009



67

General comment:

For the parameters of pollution, the concentrations of these parameters are mostly in

the permitted limit or much lower than THE STANDARD. Except odor criterion, parameters

of BOD5, COD, SS, Cr, microbiological criteion have sign of pollutant. There shoud be

specific monitoring plan to each project phase and need to process wastewater before

discharge into sewers, drainage channels ... in the project area.

2.6.5. The status of sludge quality

Methods of sampling to determine the quality of sludge in project area such as:




� Observation location: the sampling loaction are typical positions in drainage sewer,

these are areas with high concentrations of population and production activities,

business, industry zones, main streets, market, hopital,...


1 D1 Sludge in draiange sewer of Huong

Bac hamlet

Stagnant water at location taking

sludge.

2 D2 Sludge in draiange sewer at Nghia

Quang market

Much sludge in sewer

3 D3 Sludge in draiange sewer to Hieu

river’s bridge

No.

4 D4 Sludge in drainage sewer at Hieu

maket.


5 D5 Sludge in drainage sewer at the

inter-section of Thai Hoa town.


6 D6 Sludge in draiange sewer of block 8 Stagnant water at location taking

sludge.

7 D7 Sludge in draiange sewer near Tang

Thi Hoa household, Dong Tam

hamlet

Stagnant water at location taking

sludge.

8 D8 Sludge in drainage sewer at Thai

Hoa hostel


9 D9 Sludge in Bau Sen lake No

10 D10 Sludge in Hieu river No




Table 2.15. Analyzing result sludge samples in studied area

No. PARAME

TERS UNIT D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D5 D7 D8 D9 D10

QCVN

03:2008/BTNT

M;

QCVN 15-2008

1 pH 6.78 6.52 6.79 6.54 6.97 6.46 6.58 6.54 6.15 6.98 -

2 Humidity % 34.21 37.0 36.9 34.0 33.8 47.8 47.0 46.3 44.9 45.8 -

3 SO4 g/kg 0.64 0.67 0.69 0.68 0.71 0.724 0.735 0.689 0.693 0.692 -

4 Cu g/kg 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.35 0.37 0.314 0.309 0.324 0.37 0.31 0.07

5 Pb g/kg 0.0015 0.0017 0.0018 0.0019 0.0022 0.0021 0.0022 0.0019 0.002 0.0019 0.12

6 Zn g/kg 0.014 0.016 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.0179 0.072 0.0168 0.0174 0.0165 0.2

7 Total N g/kg 0.468 0.463 0.449 0.457 0.459 0.52 0.47 0.482 0.471 0.468 -

8 Total P g/kg 0.354 0.357 0.382 0.319 0.424 0.36 0.35 0.36 0.35 0.38 -

9 Diazinon

pesticide

residues

mg/kg 0.0069 0.0064 0.0062 0.0059 0.0058 0.0054 0.0056 0.0059 0.0054 0.0057 0.05

10 Colifom MPN/kg 15900 16800 16100 15990 17900 15600 16900 17100 15900 17800 -




Applied standards in alalyzing of underground water quality

� QCVN 03:2008/BTNTM: National technical standard of permitted limit of

underground heavy metal.

� QCVN 15-2008: National technical standard of underground pesticide residues.

For sludge samples, the value to assess of the acidity of sludge is proposed for

consideration to be pHKCl, which saw the exchange acidity in sludge and can predict the waste

discharged the river system. pHKCl value shows in all the pHKCl samples were slightly sour,

range from 6.65 to 7.06, much higher than values commonly found in alluvial soil with an

average pHKCl value of about 4.29. Thus, the content of substances to discharge into the river

with a large content of organic but not great in sludge, it shows that organic content is washed

away by water current or persistent.

Humidity of samples are different, sample D4 is the lowest (13.5%) and highest in

sample D6 (25.5%). Often in agriculture, people still use the waste water and sludge,

sediment of the rivers to supplement the content of organic matter, humus and nutrients to

plants. The higher humidity of the sludge component or organic ingredients are, the greater

the use of sludge as a common measure to add nutrients and improve the mechanical

components in agriculture.

The heavy metal criteria, as prescribed in the standard of maximum limit of some

heavy metals in soil under standard QCVN 03:2008/BTNTM for relative Cu, Fe, Zn content

with the permitted values lower than the values of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg or ppm. The analysis

results in the table on all 10 samples were reached THE STANDARD. These indicators show

that until the current time, there is no sign of contamination or accumulation of heavy metals

in the sludge environment in the river and spring in the area of research.

For analysis samples, total nitrogen concentration ranges from 82 to 352 ppm and

total Phosphorus concentration ranges from 29.96 to 56.67 ppm. Ratio of T-N/T-P of the

samples range from 2.7 to 6.2, this ratio is relatively high, suggesting that sludge in these

positions is expressed organic pollutant, especially animal protein and residues protein in the

process of farming.

Criterion of pesticides pollution is also mentioned as typical indicators of pollution of

water, soil and other chemicals used in daily life and cultivation of the people in the project

area. For 10 sludge samples for analysis, all samples have levels of pesticide residues in the

limit and much lower than THE STANDARD so it can be said that about this criterion, the

sludge in the project area has no sign of contamination of pesticides.

Figure 13 –Daagram measurement analysis baseline environment condition

* General comment:

Sludge quality in project area has typical parameters of plain soil of mechanical

components, the physical, chemical parameters and pesticide residues, heavy metals of soil is

not high, levels of some heavy metals meet the THE STANDARD in the provision of

permitted standard. Thus, almost the Physical - chemical parameters of sludge in the river bed

and sludge in the drains virtually have no sign of pollution.



70

GENERAL CONCLUSION:

� Thai Hoa Town’s drainage system status is not good. With economic growth in recent

years, the town's surface coefficient increases, flow increases, along with complicated

weather lead to overloading of existing pipes, causing flooding specially in flood

season;

� Road system of the town is expanded and develop, constructions, water supplies has

been built and upgraded, while the drainage system has not been properly cared;

� Cultural standard and awareness of local residents were not high for water, trash

discharging... arbitrarily cause flow blocked in drains, reduce the efficiency of the

existing drainage system in the region;

� Quality of surface water is now only slightly organic contaminated, but the risk of

microbiological contamination is very high. If there are not preventive measures,

preliminary treatment and collection to process under the general direction of the

town, the water quality of surface water will decrease significantly in the coming time,

when the urbanization process grow dramatically;

� Untreated wastewater directly discharged into the environment has caused

environmental pollution, especially in residential areas.

For the reasons above, that should be a investment projects suitable with the system

overall planning of drainage system and sewage treatment in Thai Hoa town until 2020, in

conformity with the general planning Adjustment of Thai Hoa Town until 2020 to meet the

development requirements of the town in particular and Nghe An Province in particular.

Therefore, “Drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai Hoa town -

Nghe An province" was created to specify the priority project identified in the overall plan,

step by step resolve thoroughly the flooding problem and to eliminate environmental pollution

caused by waste water, contributing to sustainable development of the economy – society

combined with environment protection of Nghe An province.



71

CHAPTER III:

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT

3.1. OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACTS OF PROJECT

3.1.1. Positive impact of the project

Drainage and Wastewater Treatment System Sub-project for Thai Hoa Town, Nghe An

province is a project aiming at environmental improvement, waste water treatment. The major

impacts of the project are positive. This is one of basic steps in the the environmental

protection through the completion of drainage, wastewaer collection and treatment system,

and gradually raises public awareness and improves sanitation conditions .

Housing sanitation improvement:

Providing a collection and wastewater treatment system for the residents in 6

communes/wards of the project. When the project is put in to operation, domestic wastewater

from connection households will be treated. The willingneess to connection survey was

carried out on 100% of households in the project area. The results show that number of

households desiring to use the collection and waste water treatment service in the first phase

of the project reach 68.9% (6089/8929 households, with about 57,410 people benefited

directly from the project).

Table 1. Connection households

No. Ward/commune Number of

households

No. of connection

households Rate (%)

1 Hoa Hieu ward 3,950 2,777 70.30%

2 Quang Phong ward 323 275 85.14%

3 Long Son ward 864 663 76.74%

4 Quang Tien ward 2,784 1,684 60.49%

5 Nghia My

commune 366 277 75.68%

6 Nghia Tien

commune 542 413 76.20%

Total 8,829 6,089 68.97%

(Source: Willingness to connection survey report of the project, 2010)

Improvement of surface water, groud water quality, flood control:

When the project is put into operation, the quality of surface and ground water in the project

area will be improved significantly because the treated water meets Class B, QCVN 14:

2008/BTNMT, ensuring quality of water source used for agricultural irrigation purposes.

Detailed quantitative results will be presented specifically in the section of assessing the

ability of reception and mixing of waste water after treatment.

Besides, when the drainage system is designed synchronously, the flooding situation at some

points as presented in the current flooding situation in the project area. Collected wastewater

will be treated which help solve the stagnant / standing water waste situation in all residential

areas, causing unsanitary and affecting people's health. Urban landscape is improved better.



72

Other economic benefits:

Average health cost paid for disease examination, staying at hospital cause by

environmental pollution due to there is no drainage system/household. When the project is not

implemented, each household has to pay approximate 720,000 VND/household/year for

health examination service for diseases relating to environmental pollution. When the project

is implemented, each household has to pay only approximate 10,000 VND/year/household for

health examination service for diseases relating to environmental pollution. This figure is very

low and we can see considerable benefits from the project, so we can say that there is no

expense paid for health examination service for diseases relating to environmental pollution

when the project is constructed.

Reducing the average expense for collecting solid waste and discharging wastewater.

When the project is not implemented, the average expense for collecting solid waste and

wastewater is approximate 10,000 VND/month/household (in which expense for collecting

solid waste is 4000VND and wastewater is 6000VND) equalling to

120,000VND/household/year. Thus total expense for collecting solid waste and

wastewater/year in the project area is 2,734,801 VND/year (with 22,790 households). Thus

there is the difference between total expense paid for drainage and environmental sanitation

service when the project is implemented and the project is not implemented. This is the

economic benefit which can be quantified.

Table 1: Impacts with and without the project

Impacts Without the project with the project

Positive

impacts

- No impact such as dust, noise,

air pollution…

- Solving the flood situation

- domestic wastwater will be

collected and treated, environment is

improved

- increasing the locals’ living

conditions in 6 wards/communes of the

project area.

Negative

impacts

- The city’s sanitation condtions

will be reduced, especially in the

density area.

- opportunity cost may be higher

and the issues of environment and

society will be higher such as:

+ Environment caused by wastwater

+ flood in rainy season

+ the surface and underground water

quality is reduced.

+ unhygienic living conditions;

+ affecting to the urban landscape;

- The whole 6 wards/communes of

the project area will be affected by the

project activities such as dust, noise,

pollution…

- In the operation period, the

receiving source can be polluted if the

treated wastewater does not meet the

standard.



73

3.1.2. Negative impacts of the project

Impact sources:

Besides the positive impacts mentioned above, the project implementation process will cause

negative impacts on the environment and people’s health in project areas. Impact sources are

determined by reviewing the performance of the Project’s work items, the socio-economic

and environmental conditions in the project area and the technological selection proposals.

Following is the summary table of environmental impacts:

Table 2: Summary of environmental impacts of the project

TT Items Environmental impacts

I Environmental impacts during site clearance period

Compensation,

land acquisition

- Change in the land use purposes

- Direct impact on local residents in the project area in using land

for production and living.

- Disordering socio-economic activities in the area.

II Environmental impacts during construction period.

1 Wastewater

pumping station

- Gathering too many workers can cause social impacts such as

dis-order of security caused by differences in lifestyle, difficult to

control the population.

- The construction causes noise, smoke, dust, operation of

construction means adversely affect the surrounding environment.

- Pollution of surface water and groundwater due to waste water

during construction.

2

Construction of

two pumping

stations

- Dust pollution: due to soil, sand and stone in the process of

excavation and leveling in which the quantity of excavation and

construction of 2 treatment plants is rather big and in large scale

so the pollution risk is high without good protecting measures.

- Air pollution, noise, vibration: the operation of construction

facilities in the area and along the transportation route of rock and

materials.

- Change in mechanical and physical properties of the ground.

- Impact on traffic along the route of transporting materials and

leveling and the areas of materials exploitation.

- Pollution of surface water: waste water from construction

activities.

- Domestic waste of workers, construction waste at site.

3

Construction of

stormwater,

wastewater and

service pipeline.

- Air pollution, dust, noise, vibration: arising from the

construction vehicles, transportation of materials;

- Obstructing the transportation of construction material.

- Occupying temporarily the site in the vicinity of the

construction area due to gathering materials.

- Occupying temporarily the site in the vicinity of the

construction area due to gathering materials.

Impact on daily activities of local residents.

- Gathering too many workers can cause social impacts such as

dis-order of security caused by differences in lifestyle, difficult to



74

TT Items Environmental impacts

control the population.

III Environmental impacts in operation period

1

Opeartion and

management of

the system

- Noise while operating the treatment plant and wastewater

pumping stations.

- Bad odor and sludge from the treatment plants.

- Risk during operation (chemical leakage, fire, explosion, output

water quality not meet standards, pollution of surface and

groundwater in the project area ...).

- Complaints / nuisance of communities, particularly the

wastewater treatment plant area and wastewater pumping

stations.

3.1.3. The Project’s affected scale:

� Firstly (Geological scale)

The environmental impacts due to the implementation of the Project occur in entire

project area, including 4 wards namely Hoa Hieu, Long Son, Quang Phong, Quang Tien and

the central residential areas of 02 communes namely Nghia Tien and Nghia My, especially at

the construction site and a part of residential area next to the Site.

The construction of rainwater drainage system and waste water collection system will

strongly affect households along the road sides, especially the town’s main roads such as

National Highway No. 48, local roads with high density of population.

During construction and installation of the Waste Water Treatment Plant, there will be

fewer impacts as the selected location is relatively far from the residential area. However, in

case the operation of the treatment plant is not good, it would affect the environmental

condition and the quality of treated water does not meet standard colume B, QCVN

14:2009/BTNMT – The national technical regulation on waste water quality when

discharging into surface water environment used for irrigation and agricultural production.

Then, the geological impact scale is not only limited in Thai Hoa town but also in neighboring

areas. Therefore, the guarantee of the effective operation of the Waste Water Treatment Plant,

technology and treated water quality are the prerequisite conditions for the implementation of

the project.

� Secondly (Time & quantity scale)

The project implementation is conducted in 02 phases (2010- 2020 & 2020- 2030)

and quantity of work items has certain impacts on the natural environment surrounding. The

main impacts when the project is completed are positive, whereas adverse impacts are

insignificant and only occur during the construction period.

The Project itself is an environmental pollution treatment work and particularly a

treatment work for wastewater sources generated from daily activities, production, business-

services, etc. This remains a shortcoming and concerned issue of most urban areas, especially

developing areas in Viet Nam. The overall impacts of the project are positive which are

suitable with the direction of the local authorities of Thai Hoa town and Nghe An province in

protecting the environment, meeting the development trend and sustainable development.



75

3.2. ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSAL TECHNICAL OPTIONS

3.2.1. Design of stormwater and wastewater sewer system

a) Selection of drainage system types:

Drainage system selected is the completely separated system, including: (1)

Rainwater drainage system: rainwater is collected into a separate sewer system, directly

discharged into river, ditch and canal without treatment; (2) Wastewater sewer system:

domestic and production waste water flows into a sewer system and treated in the treatment

plant.

Contents Separate system

Advantages

- The sanitation is best ensured. Waste water is completely

collected and treated to bring a healthy environment for the

town

- The drainage system is scientifically organized. Rain water

and waste water are separated convenient for flood control,

environment treatment and protection.

- It is suitable with new cities where the drainage system has

not been ever invested to construct.

Disadvantages - The initial construction investment capital is intensive. Two

completely separated systems must be built.

- It causes waste because in dry season, rainwater sewer

system is less.

- Management is complicated due to two existed drainage

systems.

b) Technological and engineering selection:

Stormwater drainage system is designed into 3 grades as follows:

Classification Definition

Grade 1 River, canals and ditches for natural drainage (D800 - D1000 sewers)

Grade 2 Main sewers transporting rain water to receiving sources such as cannals and

ditches and discharging into rivers (D400 – D600 sewer)

Grade 3 Sewers and ditches of the rain water receiving sub-area (D≤400 sewers)

Manhole 656 new manholes to be built to collect pavement water with intakes; test

manhole

Outlets 37 new outlets of various types to be built in positions in the town

Rain water drainage sewers are designed in accordance with standards and codes on

network construction and construction in general. Besides, the conformity of engineering

design and technology is confirmed based on reference to water drainage level of drainage

systems which have been recently implemented nationwide such as: Thai Binh, Thanh Hoa,

Vinh, Ha Tinh and so on.

Technology and engineering selection of waste water collection system for the town is

relatively proper. Waste water from households, service shops, small production shops,

agencies, public areas, etc., will be collected into the waste water collection system via a

terminal manholes then pumped into main sewer system to flow into waste water pumping

station and WWTPs. Therefore, waste water completely separated not mixing with rain water



76

will minimize risks of polluting the receiving sources and limit surrounding environment

pollution because all waste water volume is collected.

3.2.2. Location and Design of wastewater pumping station

In order to reduce depth of pipe and increase waste water pressure to WWTSs, the

pumping stations must be calculated so that water collection depth is not over 4.5m. With

water collection system conditions and characteristics, 09 pumping stations are built in the

first phase of the project. The pumping stations are constructed by cast-in-situ concrete in

rectangular or square shape with underground pumps. The pipelines in the pumping station

are made of stainless steel. The pipelines are arranged outside the station. With such waste

water pumping stations, it is possible to collect waste water from main collection sewers to

WWTPs as scheduled, meeting the waste water collection demand of local people.

With selected technology and engineering, significant impacts on environment and

local people are unavailable in the project area thanks to strengths as follows:

- Impacts of the pumping stations are minimized because it is located in a

relatively isolated area, i.e., in the center of traffic roads and discharging

points;

- When constructing, the underground pumping station is designed to ensure

aesthetics for the town. Deodorizing chemicals and special toilet equipment are

used.

- During operation, rubbish collection cycle in bar screens and periodic station

clearing cycle are available. Regarding pumping station, the station size is

sufficiently designed and arranged to calculate collection chamber and arrange

steel ladders for operation, repair and regular maintenance.

- When flood and overflow accidents happen when there is a flood, etc,

recommended measure is to increase pump capacity in the station or use

mobile pumps to directly discharge into rivers to ensure the station’s safety and

useful life.

Therefore, construction and operation of waste water collection pumping stations in

general have insignificant impacts on environment and local people in the project area.

3.2.3. Location of Wastewater Treatment Plants selection

It is very important to select location for the treatment plants to ensure the high

performance, support of local people and minimize environment impacts. Two treatment

plants are located as follows:

- The Station No. 1 is responsible for treating waste water collected from the

Eastern bank of Hieu River with capacity of Q=6,000m3/day.night. The station

is built in a crop field belonging to Blocks 4, 5, and 6, Long Son ward (next to

Giong area). This station’s land area is 12.7ha. The distance to the nearest

residential area is 500m; there is no family household living in this area;

- The Station No. 2 is responsible for treating waste water collected from the

Western bank of Hieu River with capacity of Q=3,000m3/day.night. The

station is built in hamlet 1 of Nghia Tien commune. This station’s land area is



77

9.1ha. The distance to the nearest residential area is 500m; there is no family

household living in this area.

Table 2: Assessment of WWTP location selection

Elements Characteristics Assessment

residential

area

WWTP1 (12.7 hectars), WWTP 2 (9.1 hectars), are enough

for the WWTP and its ausiliary works,

+++

Safe distance 200 meters far from the nearest residential area, (200m,

QCVN 07:2010/BXD)

+++

entrance large enough +++

land using no disput +++

land acquisition -

clearance is convinient ++

terrain good natural condition +++

low land, flooding usually happens, however, the code will be

heightened to +4.5 meters to avoid flood

++

flood concern flood ++

air distance is 200 m to avoid smell +++

ecosystem no special ecosystem is harmed +++

culture no sensitive cultural architecture +++

afformity

with plan

afformity with ThaiHoa town PC’s plan, the location of the

WWTP is approved

+++

approved by Thai Hoa town PC and Long Son CPC, Nghia

Tien CPC

+++

affecting

other

activities

no affection +++

Note: +++: Very good ++: rather good +: good 0: no impact

-: bad --: rather bad ---: very bad

According to the national technical codes QCVN 07:2010/BXD on prescribing the

minimum safety distance between waste water treatment works and residential areas are

described in following table:

Table 3.1: Minimum distance between the pumping stations, waste water treatment

works and residential areas, hospitals, schools, public works and food factories

No Types of works

Minimum safety distance (m) corresponding to capacity

(m3/day.night)

< 200

(m3/day.night)

200-5.000

(m3/day.night)

>5.00050.000

(m3/day.night)

> 50.000

(m3/day.night)

1

Waste water

pumping station 15 20 25 30

2

Waste Water

Treatment Plants:

a Mechanical 100 200 300 400



78

treatment with

sludge drying bed

b Artificial bio-

treatment with

sludge drying bed

100 150 300 400

c Bio-treatment

without sludge

drying yard, having

sludge desiccator,

closed device to

deodorize bad smell

10 15 30 40

d

Land lot to filter

waste water 100 150 300 500

e

Irrigation land lot

for watering green

trees and agriculture

purpose

50 200 400 1000

f Bio-lake 50 200

g Oxidization ditch 50 150

(Source: QCVN 07:2010/BXD – The National Technological Codes of City’s Technical

Infrastructure Works)

Therefore, selected positions for the two aforesaid stations comply with QCVN

07:2010/BXD applied for the distance to the nearest residential area. This is appropriate with

situation and requirements of the selected areas to locate the Waste Water Treatment Plants in

accordance with current regulations on environment.

� Environmental sensitive activities at the downstream behind discharge point of the

treatment plant.

Currently, at the downstream behind the discharge point of the two treatment plants

(in Giong area – Long Son ward – treatment plant 1 and in village 1 – Nghia Tien commune).

These two discharge points discharge directly into Hieu river. The consultant designs and

assesses the environmental safety for the project basing on thoroughly surveying these areas

to ensure that there is no environmental sensitive activities at the downstream behind

discharge points, specifically:

i. Taking surface water for water treatment: At the downstream of the discharge

points, there are not any surface water intake structure for water treatment.

However, at the upstream of the discharge point, there is one surface water

intake structure for water treatment with capacity of 4.000m3/day to serve the

inner area of Thai Hoa town. However, the distance between water taking

point and the discharge point is safe which is approximately 2km upstream of

the discharge point. Therefore, the discharge process will not cause adverse

impacts on explotation of the surface water source.

ii. Taking surface water for agricultural production: at the downstream of

discharge points, the action will not be done. Most area of agricultural

cultivation along two sides of Hieu river are used for planting farm produce

such as corn, sugar-cane, etc so it does not require water from Hieu river for

irrigation.



79

iii. Aquaculture: There is no aquaculture area at the downstream of the discharge

point. In stead, only activities such as construction, sifting for gold, etc which

are spontaneous activities of local people.

iv. Distance from wastewater treatment plant to the nearest residential area: (1) As

for treatment plant No.1 (in Long Son ward), the distance from the treatment

plant to the nearest residential area is safe, about 1 km (1000m). However, as

this area is under planning, so in the future, this distance is 600m; As for

treatment plant No.2 (Nghia Tien commune), the distance from treatment plant

to the nearest residential area is 500m. Residents in this area is scatteredly,

about 20 households in village 1 – Nghia Tien commune. However, these

households have large garden with the high density of green trees (about 50-

60% on average compared to the area of household). This is a favourable

condition to reduce impacts caused by bad odour when the treatment plant is

put into operation. This distance ensures meeting standard QCVN

07:2010/BXD – National technical standard for urban technical infrastructure

as mentioned above.

v. There is no public works such as hospital, schools, food processing factories

within the safe distance of the treatment plants above.

vi. Through the financial- technical comparison, the proposal has significant

strengths as follows: (i) The plant’s construction cost is lowest; (ii) Operation

management expense is lowest; (iii) Price of producing 1m3 of waste water is

lowest; (iv) Operation and management are convenient.

3.2.4. Wastwater treatment technology selection

Selected waste water treatment technology proposal is (3) biolakes when comparing

advantages and disadvantages with that of another two treatment technology solutions namely

(1) Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) (2) oxidization ditch technology; specifically:

Table 3 : Comparison to select option

Content Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

Method Wastewater treatment by

SBR.

Wastewater treatment by

oxidation ditch

Wastewater

treatment by

biological pond

Treatment

process

primary sedimentation

tank – SBR tank

Biological channel Using anaerobic

pond, stabilization

pond (biological

treatment ponds)

Advantages - The construction works

are simple, size of the

system are small.

- Ability of cleaning

water is high because of

the microbiology

wastewater treatment

controller (BOD5 15-25

mg/l, COD 60-80mg/l)

- Using of SBR

technology requires less

- Compliance with quality

and input wastewater flow

varying by season and time.

- High treatment efficiency,

ensure standard in strict

conditions.

- Easy management and

operation

- Not large land

occupation area.

- Low production costs

- Low initial

investment and

construction cost.

- The simple

construction.

- Easy management

and operation.

- Lowest production

cost (labor, energy)



80

energy, power, easily

cope with incidents

(labor, energy).

- Compliance with the

requirements and

characteristics of a new

urban and having new

construction of separate

drainage system completely

from the start

Disadvantages - Large land occupation

area.

- High labor cost for

management and

operation.

- Difficult process

control, requiring

monitoring system with

sophisticated, modern

targets.

- Difficult maintenance

because there are many

modern control facilities.

- Possibility of output

wastewater sweeping

sedimentation, floating

scum in discharging

stage.

- Air blowing system

easy to be choked with

sludge because of no

withdrawal of sludge.

- If the works behind

bear low load shock,

there must be an

auxiliary detention tank.

- Do not bear waste with

high content of solid

substances.

- Complex construction

works, requiring high

technology.

- The highest initial

investment costs in 03

options.

- Higher management and

operation costs than 02

other options

- More complicated

management and operation.

- Compliance with the

treatment plant of large

capacity.

- Very large land

occupation area.

- Possibility of

causing bad odor,

(especially in

summer)

Waste water treatment technology based on biological ponds operates in line with

principle of settling and decomposing sediments by the natural aeration process which is

based on survival and activities of anaerobic micro-organism. This technology is suitable with

areas far from the residential areas having large land area and extremely suitable for the

available land funds in Thai Hoa town, especially two selected proper positions including

Long Son ward and Nghia Tien commune.

3.2.5. Assessment of wastewater receiving ability of Hieu river:

Pursuant to Circular No. 02/2009/TT-BTNMT stipulating the ability to receive

wastewater of the water source – chapter II. Procedures, method of assessment for wastewater



81

receiving ability of water source, applied for Hieu river surface water source. This assessment

is considered and calculated the processes occuring in the flow such as the intergration of

substances into the flow and the conveyance and the change of those subtances.

The conservation of mass is applied (enclosed with Circular No. 02/2009/TT-BTNMT

dated 19/3/2009 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment) to calculate the load

carrying capacity of Hieu river with the effluent water quality of 2 treatment plants meeting

class B, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, and the calculation parameters are as follows:

Parameters for assessement of quality as required and surveying parameters as follows:

No. Typical

pollution

paramete

r

Unit Treated

water

quality of

the

treatment

plant

Treated water

quality meets

standard

QCVN

14:2008/BTN

MT, class B.

Quality of

Hieu river

surface water

(Taking

average value

at 4 locations:

NM1, NM2,

NM3, NM4)

Surface

water

quality as

required in

standard

QCVN

08:2008/B

TNMT,

class B1

1 BOD5 mg/l 23.64 50.00 13.00 15

2 COD mg/l 35.25 80.00 29.38 30

3 TSS mg/l 88.00 100.00 48.03 50

4 NH4+ mg/l 0.61 10.00 0.44 0.5

5 NO3- mg/l 10.40 50.00 11.00 0.04

6 NO2- mg/l 0.06 0.04 0.02 10

7 Pb mg/l 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05

8 Zn mg/l 1.60 1.50 1.07 1.5

9 Oil and

grease mg/l 0.21 20.00 0.12 0.10

10 Coliform MPN/l 3757 5000 3758 7500

(According to surveying results of background environment, QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT and

QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT)

Indicator Content Calculation value

Ltđ

(kg/day)

Maximum pollutant bearing ability of water source to

the pollutant being considered.

In the table

Qs (m3/s) Minimum instant flow at the river section required for

assessment before receiving wastewater, (m3/s), is

determined according to guidelines at point 3.1, annex 3

of this Circular.

13 m3/s (this is

smallest instant flow

of Hieu river in dry

season, according to

data provided by the

North-Middle

Hydrometeorology

Center).

Qt (m3/s) Maximum wastewater flow determined according to

guideline at pont 3.2 of annex 3 of this Circular.

6000 m3/s

(= 2000 + 4000)

m3/s, equivalent to 2

wastewater treatment



82

plants.

Ctc (mg/l) Concentration limit value of the pollutant considered as

stipulated in the standard, code of water quality to

ensure the use purpose of the water source being

assessed, according to guideline at point 3.2, annex 3 of

this Circular.

In the table of

assessment criteria

according to

standard. QCVN

08:2008/BTNMT,

column B1

Cs

(mg/l)

Maximum concentration value of the pollutant in water

source before receiving wastewater which is determined

according to guideline at point 3.1, annex 3.

Criteria of quality of

Hieu river surface

water.

Ct (mg/l)

Maximum concentration value of pollutant in

wastewater which is determined according to guideline

at point 3.2 of annex 3.

In the table of

criteria of quality of

the effluent water

quality, QCVN

14:2008/BTNMT,

column B

86,4 The conversion factor of dimensional unit from (m3/s)*(mg/l) to (kg/day)

Fs Suppose to select safety factor is 0,4 (smallest value).

Applying fomulars to calculate maximum amount of pollutants that Hieu river water

source can receive with some typical pollutants, the results are as follows:

1. Maximum amount of pollutants that can be received by water source with some

specific pollutants calculated according to fomular: (i):

Ltđ = (Qs + Qt) * Ctc * 86,4

Parame

ter BOD5 COD TSS

Amo

ni NO2 NO3- Pb Zn

Oil,

grease

Colif

orm

(Qs + Qt) m

3/s

13.07

13.07

13.07

13.07

13.07

13.07

13.07

13.

07 13.07 13.07

Ctc(mg/l

)

15.00

30.00

50.00

0.50

0.04

10.00

0.05 1.5 0.1 7500

Ltđ (kg/day)

16938.

0

33876.

0

56460

.0

564.6

0

45.17

11292

.0

56.46

169

3.8 112.92

8469

000

2. Amount of pollutants available in the receiving source with some specific pollutants

calculated as follows:

Ln = Qs * Cs * 86,4

Results:

Parame

ter BOD5 COD TSS

Amo

ni

NO

2- NO3- Pb

Zn Oil,

grea

se

Colifor

m

Qs

m3/s 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00

13.0

0 13.00

13.

00 13.00

13.0

0 13.00

Cs mg/l 13.00 29.38 48.03 0.44 0.02

9.80

0.0

4 1.07

0.08

3,757.5

0



83

Ln

kg/day

14,601

.60

32,994.

00

53,941.

68

490.0

0

21.0

6

11,007.

36

42.

12

1,204.

63

89.8

6

4,220,4

24

3. Amount of pollution of some pollutants from discharge source entering the receiving

source is calculated according to fomular:

Lt = Qt* Ct* 86,4

Results:

Param

eter

BOD5 COD TSS Amo

ni

NO2- NO3- Pb Zn Oil,

gre

ase

Colif

orm

Qt

m3/s 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07

0.

07

0.0

7 0.07

Ct

mg/l

23.64

35.25

88.00

0.61

0.06

10.40

0.06

1.

60

0.2

1

3757.

50

Lt

kg/da

y

141.84

211.50

528.00

3.66

0.36

62.40

0.38

9.

60

1.2

4

2254

5

4. Ability of water source to receive amount of pollution of a specific pollutant from one

discharge point is calculated according to fomular:

Ltn = (Ltđ – Ln – Lt) * Fs

Results:

Para

meter

BOD5 COD TSS Amo

ni

NO2

-

NO3- Pb Zn Oil,

grea

se

Colifo

rm

Ltd -

Ln-Lt

2,194.

56

670.5

0

1,990.

32

70.9

4

23.7

5

222.2

4

13.97

479.57

21.8

3

4,226,

031

Ltn

877.82

268.2

0

796.1

3

28.3

8

9.50

88.90

5.59

191.83

8.73

1,690,

412

Conclusion: Therefore, the water source may receive parameters such as BOD5,

COD, TSS, Amoni, NO2-, Pb, Zn, Coliform, NO3- and oil, grease.

Assessment results of wastewater receiving ability of Hieu river water source are

applied for minimum instant flow of Hieu river. However, variation amplitude of the instant

flow in Hieu river is rather high compared to the highest flow in flooding season of 5810m3/s,

the wastewater receiving ability of Hieu river will be much bigger.

In addition, the Project Owner cooperated with consulting unit to survey thoroughly

environmental sensitive activities at the downstream of Hieu river to make a general

assessment before selecting the treatment technology using series of biological ponds:

3.2.6. Assessment of wastewater mixing ability meeting domestic water standard..

a. Hieu river.



84

Hieu is a biggest river running through the project area with total length of

approximately 220km. It is a branch of Lam river and originated from mountainous area of

Que Phong district, flowing in South-East direction passing through Quy Chau, Quy Hop,

Nghia Dan and to Thai Hoa town where it flows in South-West direction passing through Tan

Ky, Anh Son and unified with Lam river in Dinh Son and Anh Son commune.

Hieu river running through Thai Hoa town is 7.4 km long. Hydrological data of Hieu

river in Thai Hoa town are:

+ Highest flow in flood season: 5810m3/s.

+ Low in dry season: 13m3/s

+ Flow velocity in dry season: 0,4 m/s

+ Highest water level is +47,5m (with P=5%) and 47m (frequency: 10%)

+ Lowest water level: +36,0m

+ Anually average water level in flood season ranges from +39,0m to 42,0m

(according to actual survey).

+ Average water level of Hieu river: 3,9m

+ Total annually average flow 3,7 billion m3.

b. Self-cleaning ability of the river.

Wastewater after treatment is discharged into river, so it is necessary to consider the self-

cleaning ability of the river.

a) Mixing and diluting

- Fomular:

According to study results of V.A. Frolop and I.Đ.Rodzinler, the mixing factor ‘a’ is

determined by fomular:

a = 3

3

.

.

.1

1

Le

Le

eq

Q

e

α

α

−

−

+

−

Where :

Q – Flow of river water (m3/s) .

q - Maximum wastewater flow (m3/s)

Le- = 20.000 m: distance from discharge sewer to the point ensuring water quality

meeting standard of column A calculated for river lane (m)

Lt = 15.000 m distance from discharge sewer to the calculated point for straight line.

(m).

α - Coefficient counting to hydraulic factors of the mixing process and calculated by

fomular:

α = ϕ x ξ x 3

q

E

ϕ : tortous coefficient of river that can be calculated by: ϕ = t

e

L

L=

16500

20000=1,21



85

ξ Coefficient depending on location of the discharge sewer location

Discharge sewer is located along the bank: ξ = 1.

E: Diffusion coefficient in the flow. For the plain area, it is calculated by fomular:

E = 0078,0200

9,34,0

200

.=

×=tbtb HV

Vtb , Htb : Average speed and depth of the flow at the calculated river section. (m/s) ; (m).

α = ϕ x ξ x 3

q

E= 624,0

07,0

0078,0121,1 3 =××

a = 1

07,0

131

1

.1

1

3

3

3

3

20000624,0

2000006242

.

.

=

×+

−=

+

−

−

−

−

−

e

e

eq

Q

e

Le

Le

α

α

Conclusion: At the location about Le = 20.000 m far from the discharge outlet (by river lane)

the mixing coefficient

a =1.

- Diluting frequency at calculated point:

n = 71,18607,0

07,01.13).(=

+=

+

q

qQa times.

Calculation of diluting frequency:

n = nggh

ng

CC

CC

q

qQa

−

−=

+ ).(

Where :

C – Content of contamination substances in wastewater (mg/l) .

Cng - Content of contamination substances in water source (mg/l) .

Cgh – Limit content of contaminants of the mixture of wastewater and water source after

mixing. (mg/l) .

With : Le- = 20.000 m: the distance from wasewater discharge sewer to the point ensuring

water quality meeting standard column A calculated by river lane. (m):

�Q

qnxq −=α

Parameters

BOD5 COD TSS NH4+ NO3- NO2- Pb Zn Dầu mỡ

Q

qnxq −=α 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.03

a) Indicators after mixing with Hieu river water.

Content of contaminants after mixing:

Kth = α xbxKsauxl



86

α: Mixing coefficient

Kth : Criteria after mixing

Ksauxl: Criteria after treatment.

b: Allowable increase in content of sediments b=1,5-2,5; select b =2,5 according to

TCVN 7957:2008

No. Typical

pollution

paramete

rs

Unit Treated

water

quality

Surface

water

quality

of Hieu

river

Surface

water

quality

according to

QCVN

08:2008/BT

NMT, Class

B1

Surface

water

quality

according

to QCVN

08:2008/BT

NMT, A2

Mixin

g

coeffi

cient

Surfac

e

water

quality

after

mixin

g

Remark

1 BOD5 mg/l 23.64 13.00 15 6 0.02 1.37 Satisfy A

2 COD mg/l 35.25 29.38 30 15 0.05 3.99 Satisfy A

3 TSS mg/l 88.00 48.03 50 30 0.10 22.79 Satisfy A

4 NH4+ mg/l 0.61 0.44 0.5 0.2 0.01 0.01 Satisfy A

5 NO3- mg/l 10.40 9.80 10 5 0.01 0.28 Satisfy A

6 NO2- mg/l 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.001 Satisfy A

7 Pb mg/l 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.001 Satisfy A

8 Zn mg/l 1.60 1.07 1.5 1 0.001 0.005 Satisfy A

9

Oil,

grease mg/l 0.21 0.08 0.1 0.02 0.03 0.015

Satisfy A

10 Coliform MPN/l 3,757 3757 7500 5000 3758 Satisfy A

c. Conclusion.

According to available data, about 20km far from the treatment plant heading towards

the downstream, there is no intake structure to serve daily activities. Therefore, wastewater of

2 treatment plants, after being mixed with water river at the distance of 20km from the

treatment plant ensures water quality for daily activities.

Therefore, this proposal is suitable for all kinds of seasonally changed waste water,

compatible with the local conditions, ensuring qualified waste water treatment in line with

Codes type B as stipulated by Vietnam Codes – QCVN 14:2009/BTNMT, meeting

wastewater receiving ability of Hieu river water source at the downstream and suitable with

requirements of WB.

3.2.7. Assessment of sludge treatment techonology and discharge location:

In order to treat sludge generated after a long time of settling in ponds, a sludge drying

bed is recommended to treat sludge before transporting to landfill. Following is the diagram

of sludge treatment process:

Pump sludge from

treatment ponds

Sludge drying

bed

Burred in landfill



87

Being selected for the “Water drainage and waste water treatment project for Thai

Hoa town, Nghe An province”, the Bio-treatment technology is a widely used in the world to

treat waste water in general and domestic water in particular. High performance is achieved

by the technology, so, it is very suitable with requirements and funds of the Sponsor.

The proposed ludge treatment area is the landfill of Thai Hoa town with an area of

10ha, located on the hill areas of Nghia My commune. This is the landfill under the detailed

planning of Thai Hoa town. Currently, the landfill is far from residential area, about 1-2 km

from the nearest residential area.

3.2.8. Compensation and Site Clearance:

Natural environment impacts of land reclaims, compensation and site clearance are

insignificant. However, in this phase, there are some impacts on the local socio-economic

conditions such as:

- Crop land (sugar canes) of 68 households in Long Son is reclaimed to

construct the Waste Water Treatment Plant No. 1 and land of 69 households in

Nghia Tien is reclaimed to construct the Waste Water Treatment Plant No. 2.

- The project performance will change land use purpose; taking out of a part of

means of production and agricultural production of households are affected.

- It changes the local economic structure, improves living standards and

constructs infrastructure to meet the local demand of development.

For the project preparation, the project’s environment impact assessment is conducted

along with the preparation, however, the consultancy group makes an resettlement plan for the

project to compensate/ indemnify, apply production support policies, generate jobs and

suitable vocational training course, etc for affected households whose land is reclaimed as

stipulated by Vietnamese laws, current compensation price schedule of Nghe An province and

Safety Policy on resettlement, Policy framework of World Bank applied for the project to

minimize impacts on living standards of local people in the project area.

3.3. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN CLEARANCE PHASE

The environment impacts on the clearance phase is shown in table below:

Table 3: Impacts in clearance phase

Impact

subjects

Impacted

objectives Impacts Scopes Level

Clearance for

constructing

the WWTP

Air

Dust, noise

caused by the

clearance

WWTP area Small and

shor-term and

reduceable

Water

Suspended solid

waste

Surface water

from Tam ky

and Ban Thach

rivers

Small and

shor-term and

reduceable

Soil Workers’domest

ic solid waste

Clearanced trees

WWTP area Small and

shor-term and

reduceable



88

Ecosystem Ecosystem and

landscape is

changed by the

appearance of

the project

works

WWTP area Small and

long-term and

reduceable

Socio-economy Locals’ living Households

around WWTP

Short and not

eligible

3.3.1. Impacts on atmosphere

- Regarding site preparation for constructing rain water and waste water

drainage sewers as well as connecting with households, backfilling phase and

site preparation do not lay significant impacts on the natural and social

environment components because all sewers are along with traffic roads, field

banks in hamlets/ street teams, etc. Entire land area is public and available with

roads. Therefore, backfilling and site preparation are not required.

- Regarding construction site preparation for constructing waste water pumping

stations, there is no impact on environment and life of households because

such stations are underground on pavements in the center of traffic roads and

discharging points. Therefore, backfilling is also not required.

- However, for site preparation for constructing Waste Water Treatment Plants

in Long Son ward (12.7 ha) and Nghia Tien commune (9.1 ha), due to uneven

terrain and disqualified foundation reinforcement, a relatively large soil

volume is used. However, because the selected treatment technology is large

sized biolakes: using anaerobic, aerobic and amphoteric lakes, backfilling is

limited for entire treatment area. Dug soil volume from lakes can be used as

soil for backfilling for remaining areas in each treatment plant.

In general, activities in the project’s backfilling include cutting down, clearance,

collection of vegetation mass in the surface; backfilling, embankment, digging, rolling of the

surface will create pollution sources for the air such as dust and emission, specifically:

- Dust generated during material transportation for backfilling.

- Emission of means of transportation traveling in the Project area. Material

combustion process will discharge a relatively large volume of emission

containing the air pollutant such as: dust, CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, hydrocarbon,

etc.

a. Dust due to material transportation for backfilling:

Based on the project’s engineering design on backfilling, embankment and digging

area for the 2 Waste Water Treatment Plants based on the natural area and height, grading

height is used to calculate volume of earthworks as follows:

- Volume of grading sand is app.: 43,218 m3

- Volume of earthworks, collecting vegetables for clearance is about:

1,400 m3



89

- So, total volume of materials to be transported in this phase is approximately:

44,618 tons.

- Number of vehicles need to transport the aforesaid volume equivalent to 2,974

turns of vehicle (15 ton diesel trucks are used). This volume is concentrated

transported within 45 days. Therefore, traffic of trucks traveling in the project

area in this phase is 66 vehicles/day.

Table 15: Number of trucks grading site at the WWTPs’ location

Volume to be transported

(ton)

Total

(turns of truck)

Duration

(days)

Traffic

(truck/day)

44,618 2.974 45 66

During transportation, these trucks create a relatively large volume of dust including

dust from pavement, materials scattering and material combustion process. According to

quick assessment method of WHO, it is possible to forecast dust volume generated during

transporting the grading materials with assumptions as follows:

- Average speed 35 km/h

- Average capacity 15 tons

- Average number of wheels 6 pcs/truck

- Average road length 5 km

With above assumptions, when applying the quick assessment method of WHO-

Assessment of sources polluting land, water, air - Volume 1 - Generva 1993, the generated

dust volume of a turn of truck is 511 (kg/1000km), corresponding to average daily generated

load is 198 kg/day and 29 kg/h. The calculation results revealed that dust volume generated

during backfilling is relatively high.

Dust in the air will obstruct vision, affect health of workers and local people in the

Project’s area. Dust also affects fauna and flora. Dust covering leaf’s surface reduces

photosynthesis, affecting growth of plant.

However, this dust is not concentrated in a certain area. It is scattered as per distance

and wind direction as at calculation moment against the discharging sources, dust

concentration in the area will be reduced due to scattering in the area and application of

mitigation measures such as spraying water, covering, etc, conducted by the Employer.

Therefore, dust impacts on environment will be minimized within the allowable limit.

b. Emission gas:

Trucks transporting the grading materials into the Project’s area are operated with

petroleum and diesel. During operation, fuel is burnt, resulting in exhaust emission containing

air pollutants such as dust, CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, hydrocarbon, etc.

Emission levels of pollutants depend on various factors such as air temperature,

velocity of truck, transportation road length, kinds of fuel, pollution control measures.

According to WHO, method of forecasting pollutant load for diesel-operated trucks is as

follows:



90

Table 19: Gas emission factor due to one vehicle.

Criteria Factor

(kg/1000km)

Road length

(km)

Duration

(minutes)

Number of

vehicle

(in/out)

Emission load

(g/min.)

Dust 0,9 5 10 1 0,4500

SO2 4,15*S 5 10 1 0,0103

NOX 14,4 5 10 1 7,2000

CO 2,9 5 10 1 1,4500

HC 0,8 5 10 1 0,4000

S: Sulfur concentration in diesel, S = 0,5%

Source WHO: Evaluating soil, water and air pollution sources – Volume I, Generva, 1993.

Table 20: Dust and exhaust emission load corresponding with number of trucks.

Number

of trucks

Dust

(g/min.)

SO2

(g/min.)

NOX

(g/min.)

CO

(g/min.)

HC

(g/min.)

66 22,5000 0,5125 360,0000 72,5000 20,0000

In general, the emission generated in this phase is insignificant and non-continuous.

Moreover, because the Project’s area is large, dust and exhaust emission will be diluted and

quickly scattered in the air.

3.3.2. Water pollution sources

This phase has insignificant impacts on water environment. Mostly, physical impacts

are available such as increase in suspended solid content in water environment, some

substances due to land washout as rainwater overflows, etc. However, in general, the

remarkable impacts are unavailable. Only soil and sand are washed out resulting increase in

impurity and suspended solid, etc. It is only characterized by physical properties not water

amination impact. Other pollutants are hardly found and therefore, there is no impact on water

environment. The aforesaid impacts are insignificant, causing negligible effects.

Q = (10 persons x 45 l/person/dayx45)/100 = 202,5 (l/day)= 0,2 (m3/day).

In addition, the backfilling period is impacted by a small amount of domestic

wastewater of workers. Water amount expected to be used for activities of workers at site is

about 45l/person/day. Wastewater amount generated is equal to 80% of supplied water

amount. With the expected number of workers for the backfilling work is 10 persons within

45 days, domestic wastewater flow is calculated as follows:

3.3.3. Impacts on soil environment

Site preparation for construction has some certain impacts on soil environment,

specifically as follows:



91

- Regarding areas used for constructing pipelines, sewers, manholes and

treatment plants, vegetable matter is removed, creating smooth surface for

construction. Therefore land surface is changed.

- Pedological terrain’s mechanical, physical and chemical properties are

changed in a short time due to a volume of soil and stone will be transported to

create a reinforce foundation as designed.

Generally, impacts due to backfilling and site clearance only change land surface but

these impacts are only the soil surface layer. Therefore, there is no remarkable impacts on soil

environment quality.

3.3.4. Solid waste impacts

* Solid waste generated during clearing the surface

Solid waste impacts in this phase are mainly plant, weed and other materials (wastes,

bladders, plastics, etc) in the site clearance area. These solid wastes are easily treated by waste

collection of rubbish collectors and transportation to recycle facilities. Organic solid waste

such as plants, weed, and so on are burnt or collected into piles for farmers to use in their

agricultural production.

* Domestic solid waste of workers in temporary camps

Solid waste of workers is a remarkable impact source. Discharging volume is assessed

in accordance with quick assessment method of WHO, solid waste volume discharged every

day is 0.5 kg and corresponding to solid waste discharge load of the entire construction phase

is 225 kg (for 10 workers in 45 days of backfilling)

Solid waste volume is not great but if it is discharged randomly, it will be a risk on

polluting the domestic water sources of workers in camps, surface water sources, resulting in

a series of digestion epidemics for human being, cattle and domestic animal.

3.3.5. Impacts on lanscape

Site preparation for constructing sewers, pumping stations and manholes do not waste

time. It can be conducted quickly. Construction positions are relatively convenient without

barriers for this work. Therefore, there is insignificant impacts on fauna and flora life when

prepare the site for such items. Thanks to small occupied land area and short construction

time, it only changes at the moment of construction. Post-construction situation will be

quickly recovered.

Landscape is changed in the treatment plant area during grading to prepare the Site.

The ecosystem is changed and replaced by another one. Previously, permanent reclaimed

areas are agricultural production land such as crops (sugar canes), short term vegetables, etc.

Therefore when backfilling, it will be destroyed and replaced by soil foundation filled with

black sand.

The Site preparation cause coat loss, facilitating surface washout, affecting Hieu River

quality as well as living conditions of aquatic living creatures in the subaqueous ecosystems.

Besides, the construction site is not located in the preserve area, historical relics,

cultural tourism areas, etc. Accordingly, impacts of this phase are local and available in a

short time. Therefore impacts on landscape in the backfilling is regarded as insignificant.



92

3.3.6. Impacts on the socio-economic life

It seems that there are no adverse impacts on the socio-economic lives when site

clearance is conducted, only positive impacts are available:

- The positive impacts are obtained from reclaiming the agricultural land of

households in the site of constructing the treatment plants. There is no

buildings affected. Therefore, from this land reclaim, they will get an amount

of money for their current life in the current period.

- Significant impacts due to site clearance can be counted on including some

households can trade and render some services for the Project’s performance,

etc.

- However, this process is implied with adverse impacts due to agricultural land

reclaim. Some local residents when receiving the compensation, if it is spent

for the bad purposes, will be self- indulged due to unhealthy awareness and

actions such as indulgence, not working, etc, increasing the social evils in the

area.

- Traffic density increase in the Project area: During construction, transportation

of raw materials, plants and equipments cause increase in the local traffic

density. Moreover, the Project is situated near the center of Thai Hoa town, so

the traffic density is much more high.

3.4. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The environment impacts in the construction phase is described in the table as follows:

Table 32: General environment impact assessment during the Project’s

performance

Operation Soil Water Air Biological

resource

Socio-

economi

cs

To construct separated drainage

and wastewater sewer systems. ++ ++ + + ++

To construct waste water pumping

stations and discharging outlets ++ + + + +

To construct 02 waste water

treatment plants: the plant No. 1 is

located in Long Son ward

whereas, the plant No. 2 is in

Nghia Tien commune.

+++ + ++ + ++

To transport raw materials and

equipment for the Project’s

performance.

+ + +++ + +

To reserve and store raw materials

for construction. + + ++ + +

Daily activities of workers at Site + ++ ++ + +

Notes:

+ : Less adverse impacts;

++ : Adverse impacts at average level;

+++: Adverse impacts at strong level.



93

Table 3.6. The main impacted areas in the construction period:

Work items The main impacted areas: Distance to the nearest area

(m)

Stormwater,

wastewater

collection

pipelines,

manholes,

discharge

outlets along

the line.

- Construction of RC round sewer D1000

along national road 48 from national

road 48 to Hieu bridge and Nghia Dan

station and from Nghia Dan station to

Hieu bridge with total length of 5,655m.

About 10 – 20 m (households

living near the pavements of

the road route).

- Construction of RC round sewer D800

along road routes in the town such as

national road 15A, the area near Bau Sen

lake, national road 48 and Quang Phong

ward with total length of 4,455m.



the road route).

- RC round sewer D400 - L10,202m;

D600 - L14,009m along road in

residential areas of wards/communes in

Thai Hoa town with total length of

22734m.



the road route).

Wastewater

pumping station

- PS1: On pavement near Quang Phong

primary school – Quang Phong ward.

About 20m

- PS 2: At the intersection of road 15 to

To stream and alley 16.

About 30m

- PS 3: On pavement, near the

intersection of national road 48, near

Thai Hoa town People’s Committee.

About 20m

-PS 4: At the intersection of new road

heading towards newly planned Hieu

bridge.

About 30m

- PS 5: At the intersection of national

road 48 and road accessing to cultural

house in Thi Nghiem village.

About 30m

- PS 6: At the national road 15A between

Quang Tien ward and Nghia Tien

commune (near Rubber Company)

About 30m

TwoWastewater

Treatment

Plants

- WWTP 1: At the rice field of blocks 4,

5, 6 in Long Son ward (near Giong area).

The area used for the plant is 12.7ha.

About 1000m far from the

existing residential area, 600m

from the planned residential

area.

- WWTP 2: The plant is constructed in

the rice field in village 1, Nghia Tien

commune. The area for the plant is 9.1

ha.

About 500m

House

connection

points

Construct 6089 connection points for

registered households.

0m (at the gate of household)

In this phase, activities are conducted such as earthworks along roads to construct and

install the rain water and waste water sewer systems, waste treatment biolakes; installing



94

treatment equipments, etc. These activities are the great impact source to the natural

environment components such as air, solid, water, etc., because waste and pollutants are born. It

is summarized as follows:

Table 21: Pollutant sources during construction

Waste sources Wastes Affected factors

To transport

construction

materials

- Dust along roads, soil and

sand scattered

- Exhaust emission of trucks:

Dust, CO, SO2, NO2

- The atmosphere

- Safety and health of worker

To dig and embank

sewers and

biological ponds

- Solid waste:

- Dust, exhaust emission

- The atmosphere

- The soil environment


To construct and

install

- Dust, CO, SO2, NO2

- Noise, vibration

- Building waste


- The water environment


Other activities such

as vehicle operation,

construction

machines

- Noise, vibration, CO, SO2,

NO2, HC - The atmosphere

Domestic activities

of workers

- Domestic waste water

- Domestic waste


- The water environment

3.4.1. Impacts on the atmosphere

a) Dust generation

According to Basic Design of the project, raw material volume used to construct and

volume of waste soil and stone from constructing sewer system, pumping stations, Waste

Water Treatment Plants for the Project is relatively huge, approximately 16,404 tons. Number

of trucks needed to transport the above volume is about 1094 turns of truck (15 ton load

diesel-operated trucks) during construction in nearly 2 years (600 days). Then, the average

truck traffic will be 2 trucks/day. Like the dust volume forecast method while backfilling as

stated by WHO, the average generated load will be 21.1 kg/days with 01 turn of truck/ day

and 42.2 kg/day for 02 turns of truck/day.

Table 23: Forecast of dust load generated during transportation

Sources

Number

of truck

turns

Dust arising factor

(asphalt road,

1000km)

Dust arising

volume

(kg/1000km.

Turns of

truck)

Average dust

arising

volume

(kg/day)

To transport raw 1 3,7× f 2111,588 21,1



95

materials 2 3,7× f 2111,588 42,2

Source WHO: Evaluating soil, water and air pollution sources - Volume, Generva, 1993.

Notes:

f: factor of arising the secondary dust when truck operates in roads as per formula:

f = v.M0,7

.n0,5

Where:

- v : Average velocity of truck (km/h).

- M : Average load of truck (ton).

- n : Number of average wheels.

Dust impacts:

- Dust is generated during transporting, loading and unloading the raw materials. Dust

scattering level in this phase varies remarkably. The pollution level depends on the truck

velocity, construction intensity, temperature, wind direction and speed in the area, the soil

humidity and air temperature in a day.

Generated dust will impact directly on environment and living conditions of

residential areas in construction area of the project as mentioned in table 3.6. The

transportation of excavation soil, rock for backfilling and excavation of sewer lines will

generate a largest amount of dust. However, through the surveying of existing coditions and

based on the detailed construction planning of Thai Hoa town, the main road routes planned

for transportation are national road 48, national road 15A and provincial road 545. Therefore,

the whole residents living along those routes will be affected directly by amount of dust

generated from soil, rock and transportation vehicles. The other residential areas along roads

in the town are places for gathering soil, rock, construction materials so the impact level may

be lower, and the construction duration is short, so the impacts are only on local scale and will

disapear when the construction is completed.

- Dust affects human being and animal mainly through respiratory system such as

pneumonia, asthma and tuberculosis. Dust reduces photosynthesis ability and growth of plant.

Dust generated in this process is usually large sized without widespread ability. Most of dust

will be scattered not far from the Site.

In general, in this phase the roads have been ballasted. Material components are less

dust. Therefore, its effect coverage is within the narrower space compared with that in the

backfilling phase. Canvas and watering will be applied to humidify the transportation roads to

effectively avoid dust scattering and limiting its impacts on environment.

b) Generated emission gas:

Means of transportation are mainly petroleum and diesel operated types. During

operation, the fuel burning will release a relatively high emission containing air pollutants

such as flue gas, CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, hydrocarbon, etc.

Emission levels of pollutants depend on various factors such as air temperature,

velocity of truck, transportation road length, kinds of fuel, pollution control measures.

According to WHO, method of forecasting pollutant load for diesel-operated trucks is as

follows:



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Table 25: Exhaust emission volume and dust corresponding to number of trucks.

Number of

trucks

Dust

(g/min.) SO2

(g/min.) NOX

(g/min.) CO

(g/min.) HC

(g/min.)

1 0,5625 0,0128 9,0000 1,8125 0,5000

2 1,1250 0,0256 18,0000 3,6250 1,0000

Emission impacts:

Emission components include CO, SO2, NOx, HC. These are highly toxic for human

being and animal. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) concluded that

emission from diesel-operated vehicles can cause cancer for people.

However, pollution of such gases depends on distance, time and space between

emission sources. When emission sources are concentrated in a place and simultaneously

emitted, its atmosphere pollution possibility is very high. To limit the pollution level, the

Employer will arrange vehicles and trucks as per proper time and space to minimize such

impacts on environment and people.

c) Impacts of noise and vibration

Noise and vibration also affect the atmosphere during constructing rain water and

wastewater drainage systems, waste water pumping station, Waste Water Treatment Plant and

connection system, noise and vibration caused by using pile driver, means of transportation,

construction machine (excavator, cranes, borer, concrete mixer, etc).

Vibration from the construction machines also affect land environment in the site and

propagating effects on roads near the Site. However, such vibration is insignificant.

Table. Areas may be affected by nosie during construction phase

Work items Affected locations Causes

Construction of

the drainage

sewer: D1000,

D800, D600

- Along national road 48 from national road 48

to Hieu bridge and Nghia Dan station and from

Nghia Dan station to Hieu bridge with total

length of 5,655m.

- Along road routes in the town such as

national road 15A, the area near Bau Sen lake,

national road 48 and Quang Phong ward with

total length of 4,455m.

- Along road in residential areas of

wards/communes in Thai Hoa town with total

length of 22734m.

Noise from operation

of construction

machinery such as

drilling, concrete

cutting machine,

transport trucks, from

the traffic vehicles on

the route.

Construction of

the wastewater

pumping station

(WWPS).

Location of 6 WWPS as at the table 3.7 above. Noise from operation

of construction

machinery such as

drilling, concrete

cutting machine,

transport trucks, from

the traffic vehicles on



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the route.

Construction of

the two WWTPs

- WWTP 1: At the rice field of blocks 4, 5, 6 in

Long Son ward (near Giong area).

- WWTP 2: The plant is constructed in the rice

field in village 1, Nghia Tien commune.

Noise from

construction

machinery: bulldozers,

excavators, transport

vehicles, ...

According to formula calculating propagability of noise from construction machines to

neighboring area, the noise calculation results in the ambient air at distance of 100m, 200m

and 500m from the noise source are demonstrated in the table as follows:

Table 28: Maximum noise from operation of means of transportation and

mechanical construction machines

No. Equipment At source 100m 200m 500m

1 Truck 90 72 68 60

2 Borer 87 69 65 57

3 Motorized concrete 85 67 63 55

4 Concrete pump 83 66 62 55

5 Manual saw 82 64 60 52

6 Diesel operated mixer 80 62 58 50

7 Crane 82 68 64 58

8 Generator 82 68 64 58

TCVN 5949-1998: Acoustics - - 75 dBA (6-18h)

(*): Standard noise for each equipment (Source: Mackernize, L.da, 1985)

* Noise impacts

Noise higher than allowable limit will affect labor health and cause somnipathy,

fatigue, uncomfortable psychology. High noise level also reduce the productivity, labor health

in the production area. Long time exposure to the highly intensive noise will reduce the

hearing, resulting in the professional deaf.

According to the statistics released by Ministry of Health and Institute for Technical

and Scientific Research on Labour Protection under Vietnam General Confederation of

Labour, noise lays adverse impacts on most of human body organs. Noise impacts on human

body at different frequency range are described in Table 29.

Table 29: Adverse impacts on highly intensive noise for human health.



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Noise level (dBA) Impacts on listeners

0 Threshold of audibility

100 Starting to change heart beats

110 Soaking the tympanic membrane

120 Threshold of pain

130 ÷ 135 Causing neuropathy, nausea, weakening thigmesthesia and muscles

140 Causing pain, psychopath and maddest

145 Maximum limit which can be suffered by people

150 If exposing for a long time, having perforation

160 If exposing for a long time, it is very dangerous

190 Only exposing for a short time is dangerous

In general, noise pollution is local, directly affecting workers mainly in the Project’s

area. Noise level due to the Project’s performance to surrounding is within the allowable

threshold.

3.4.2. Impacts on water

Wastewater from construction:

During the construction, water is less used. Water is only used in preparing mortar,

concreting. Most of water in this phase penetrates into the materials and gradually evaporate.

Waste water volume due to washing equipments in the Site is not high. Main pollution

components in waste water of construction are construction soil and sand which are less toxic.

Domestic wastewater:

Domestic waste water in this phase contains residuum, suspended substances (SS), organic

substances (BOD5, COD), nutrients (N,P) and pathogenic micro-organisms.

According to standard of WHO, pollutant load in domestic waste water if not treated will be

described as follows:

Table 30: Factor of pollutants in domestic waste water.

(Standard for 01 person)

Pollutants Weight (g/person/day)

BOD5 45 - 54

COD 72 - 103

TSS 70 - 145

NO3- (Nitrate) 6 - 12

PO43-

(Phosphate) 0.6 - 4.5

Ammoniac 3.6 - 7.2

Source: WHO - Evaluating soil, water and air pollution sources - Volume, Generva, 1993.



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Water expected to use for toilet and daily living of workers at Site is about 45

liters/person/day. Waste water flow generated is approximately 80% supplied water flow. For

70 workers in the Site, domestic waste water flow is:

Q = (70 people x 45 l/person/dayx80)/100 = 2520 (l/day)= 2.52 (m3/day).

From the pollutant load and waste water follow, pollutant concentration can be

calculated during construction, demonstrated in Table 31 below:

Table 31: Pollutant load and concentration

Pollutants

Load

(g/day.night)

Concentration

(mg/l)

QCVN

14:2008/BTNMT

Cmax

BOD5 3.15 ÷ 3.78 1000 ÷ 1200 50

COD 5.04 ÷ 7.21 1600 ÷ 2289 -

TSS 4.90 ÷ 10.15 1556 ÷ 3222 100

NO3- (Nitrate) 0.42 ÷ 0.84 133 ÷ 267 50

PO43-

(Phosphate) 0.04 ÷ 0.32 13 ÷ 100 10

Ammoniac 0.25 ÷ 0.50 80 ÷ 160 10

Notes:

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: the National technical standards on domestic waste water.

- Column B: Applied when domestic waste water is discharged into the sources not for

domestic water supply purpose.

Overflowing rainwater:

During construction, when it rains the overflowing rainwater is available. Such rainfall

depends on rainy regime of the area. According to hydro- meteorological statistics, heavy rain

often happens in some months in the summer from June to September. During this time, the

monthly average rainfall is relatively high.

The overflowing rainfall in the Project’s area is calculated in line with formula:

Qrain = A×F (m3/day.night)

Where:

A: Average rainfall of years in the area, A= 1465 mm/year.

F: Construction area (32,808 m2).

Calculation results are as follows:

Qrain = (32,808 ×1465)/1000 = 48063.72 m3/year

Residuum load: A large volume of impurities are often available in rainwater

accumulated in the surface such as oil, grease, dust, etc., from non-rainy days. Accumulated

impurities in a time is determined in accordance with following formula:

G = Mmax .[1 - exp (-kz.T)]. F (kg)

Where:

Mmax: Maximum dust volume in the area, 220 kg/ha.

kz : Dynamic coefficient of impurity accumulation in the area, kz = 0,3 ng-1

.



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T : Time of impurity accumulation, T = 15 days.

F : Rainwater drainage catchment area; 3,2808 ha.

Therefore, pollutant load in rainwater is

G = 220× [1 - exp ( - 0.3×15)] ×3,2808 = 713.8 (kg).

Hence, impurities accumulated in about 15 days in the Project’s area is relatively

abundent with main components of sand and soil. The Employer will collect whole rainwater

volume into sewer and temporary sediment collection manholes to prevent sand and soil from

flowing into the receiving hydrology. If mitigation measures are not applied, adverse impacts

on environment will be available. Therefore all such rainwater will be flown into water

drainage ditch system at the Site without water stagnancy to cause disease germs and create

shelter for insects affecting health of workers and neighboring households.

3.4.3. Impacts on soil

* Impacts on current soil structure

The construction of rain water and wastewater drainage system, waste water pumping

station affects firstly on surface soil layer’s vegetable matter but it is regarded as insignificant.

The lost vegetable matter will affect surrounding environment such as loosing the protection

layer, temperature rise in the construction rise, surface washout phenomenon and impacts on

surface water environment, etc. Although soil is drug and after construction, construction

routes are restored as original condition.

For area of Waste Water Treatment Plant, soil is severely affected by earthworks, pile

driving, grading, etc, changing the soil layers’ current structure as well as properties, geology

and terrain of the Site. Impacts on soil are mainly in the Waste Water Treatment Plant. In

order to achieve the foundation level as specified in the technical design, soil impacts in this

area are very high. Changes in the Site’s soil structure and characteristics are indispensable.

* Impacts on soil surface due to transportation of soil, stone and construction

materials

Increase in toxin and heavy metal content in soil during construction should be

considered. The reasons may be petroleum, grease and lubricant leaked from construction

plants and equipments, vehicles, etc. However, trip frequency calculated in a day is not high.

Therefore, these impacts are considered to be within the management.

* Impacts on soil surface due to collection of construction materials

The collection of various kinds of construction materials at the Site also affect the soil

environment. These impacts are negligible and only available in a short time, changing as per

construction period with position, types and quantity of various materials. It is required to

have a proper plan of raw material transportation, collection and use to be able to limit

environmental impacts, especially convenient for builders, saving for the Contractor in terms

of prepaid capital outstanding for goods of construction materials. Therefore, such impacts are

generally negligible.

3.4.4. Impacts of solid waste

Solid waste in this phase includes soil, sand, formwork, steel and waste materials and

a domestic solid waste of workers.



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However it is only the initial phase of the project. The environment impacts are

temporary, not lasting for long time. The Employer will take the mitigation measures to

minimize impacts on environment and direct labors at the Site.

Solid waste due to construction

Solid waste is waste construction materials such as broken brick, roof plate, wood

beams, formwork, cement packs, scrap metal. Volume of such solid waste depends on

construction and management of the Project Management Unit. Such solid waste will

not be decomposed and generated with bad smell. It can be recycled. This will

minimize its effects on the local environment. Depending on factual situation, the

Employer will make a specific collection & treatment plan.

Table. Estimated quantity of excavation and backfilling soil of the project

Item Excavation quantity (m3) Backfilling quantity (m3)

Drainage system 221,656 185,955

Sewerage system 68,526 38,139

Pressure pipeline system 13,415 7,466

Wastewater pumping station 60 10

2 treatment plants 199,214 34,855

TOTAL 502,871 266,425

(Source: Basic Design Report,, 2010)

One of the most effective measures to reduce the volume of solid waste generated

during construction process is making use of the backfilling of works after the

completion of construction to reinstate the site. For Thai Hoa drainage project, volume

of excavated soil can be made use for aggrading of about 65% of backfilling soil.

Therefore, according to the table of the volume of excavation and backfilling soil

during the construction of the project items, the volume of excavated soil need to be

dumped after making use for the backfilling is temporarily calculated 329.695m3. The

amount of spoil soil and rock will be dumped to the landfill of Thai Hoa town, located

on the high hill area of Nghia My commune (10 ha) through the contract between the

contractor and transport unit.

Domestic waste of workers at the Site

In the construction site, there are about 70 workers. Domestic solid waste is mainly

paper, nylon of various types, cigarette tips, bottles of beers and soft drinks.

Estimated volume of such waste is :

0.5 kg/person/day x 70 people = 35 kg/day.

Although such waste is not much, it will be a large amount if it is not collected daily.

It will pollute soil, water, air and landscape environment at the Site and neighboring area.

When waste is freely discharged, under the impact of the weather and bacteria, organic

compounds are decayed to make bad smell, resulting in the air pollution. In rainy days,

rainwater will flow such organic substances into river and water drainage ditches resulting in

surface water source pollution.



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3.4.5. Impacts on landscape

Construction of drainage system (rain water and waste water), the waste water

pumping station does not lay remarkable impacts on the landscape.

Construction phases are carried out in each period as scheduled. Completion will be

accompanied with waste collection. Therefore, construction phases only affect landscape in a

short period of time. After completing works, the landscape is restored as original conditions

in the roads by re-planting original green trees. Some roads can be enhanced by green tree

belts to ensure aesthetics for the town.

For Waste Water Treatment Plant area, such impacts are generally positive. The

landscape here is completely changed, replacing the sugar cane fields by the construction site

with works items such as treatment areas and other auxiliary works.

Impacts on cultural architectures/sensitive facilities

The project construction does not directly affect (to demolition or relocation, land

acquisition) to the cultural hesitages: temples, shrines,… . However, these works may be

affected indirectly during the construction such as dust, noise, landscape and affect daily

activities when the construction is implemented along roads. These effects are short term and

may be mitigated.

Table 4: List of sensitive facilities to be affected during the construction period.

No. Sensitive

facilities

Location Ranking (If any) Distance to the

project site (m)

Cultural-historical works:

1. Bau Temple Bau Sen area – Hoa

Hieu ward

No 100m

2. Ba Chua Muong

temple

Quyet Thang block –

Hoa Hieu ward

No 100m

Sensitive area:

3. Bau Sen green Bau Sen area – Hoa

Hieu ward

No 0m (Near the road of

sewer line)

4. Flower gardern

at the

intersection

Kim Tan block

No 0m (Near the road of

sewer line)

3.3.6. Impacts on the socio-economic life

(1) Labor accidents during constructing water drainage sewers, pumping station and

Waste Water Treatment Plants

Risks to be the most concern is collapse of outlet sewers, manholes, construction pits

and other works within the construction site of Waste Water Treatment Plants; soil and stone

blocks and upper materials can be ton weight, this exceeds the resistance of workers. Most of

reasons for such accidents are due to workers’ low sense of compliance with labor safety

regulations. Unsafely operations and uninsured working conditions are the indirect causes of

the accidents and failures.

(2) Traffic congestion and potential accident risks



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Rain water and wastewater drainage systems are constructed in the inner city wards

located on the main roads. Most of above roads have not large dimensions but many means of

transportation take part. Therefore, operations of trucks transporting raw materials and

construction process in these roads are partially restricted. Narrow space results in inner

traffic jam, especially traffic jam in the rush hours are inevitable.

Pipelines, sewers and ditches are randomly available a long with material storage

yards. If there is no clear signs and attention of road users, especially in nighttime, traffic

accidents are potentially happened surrounding the site.

(3) Impacts on the socio-economic life of the local people

When the Project is performed, activities such as road barrier and traffic restrictions

will partially affect the daily activities of the local people, especially production, business and

service households. This is an inevitable impact. However, during construction, such impact

should be shortened as per construction phase. The landscape is also restored as original

condition, therefore such impacts are negligible.

When constructing works items, underground works such as fiber cables, clean water

supply pipelines, electric wires, etc, can be affected. To avoid such effect, before constructing,

it is supposed to work closely with concerned authorities to arrange and adjust sequences of

underground work network layers such as solutions on power, water and works items as stated

in the Investment Project Report. Thanks to that, there is no overlap and reverse and mutual

impacts.

Besides the positive impacts, the Project performance also causes adverse impacts such

as:

- Concentration of manpower to construct from other areas will affect the local social

security, etc.

- Living habits of the local people is changed.

- The local economic structure is changed.

(4) Impacts on the community health

In addition to affected objects such as the local geological environment of the project

area, land, water and air resources, etc, there are direct affected objects especially human

being in general, workers, local people and road users in the on-going roads in particular.

High dust content causes lung-related diseases, asthma, diseases related to ears, noise and

eyes…. and obstruct the vision, affecting the road users.

Other emissions are mainly CO, SO2, NOx, hydrocarbon, dust pollutants (dust, flue

gas). CO affects people by combining wih Hb to replace O2 and reduce hematite in blood,

resulting in O2 insufficiency for living activities, NOx is exposed at 0.06ppm level can cause

serious lung-related diseases. Hydrocarbon make lung membranes swell, narrow the lung

vents and make eyes swell. Some combining with Hydrocarbon can cause cancer.



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3.5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE

Table 5: EIA for the operation

Impacts Sources

Assessment

Negative Positive

Short Long Short Long

I Drainage and wastewater collection system

1. Landscape

improving the city’s landscape H

improving Tay Yen Stream’s

landscape H

2. Noise Operation of the WWPS L

3. Smell

Operation of the WWPS L

Reducing smell from

wastewater H

4. Local flood Reducing of flooding risk H

5. Surface water temporarily discharging M

Operation of the WWPS L

6. Dredged sludge Pipeline system M

7. Community health Improving the community

health H

8. Health and career

safety

H2S, CH4 in the WWPS and

the sewerage system L

II WWTP

9. Air environment

Smell of toxic gas such as

H2S, CH4…from biological

ponds

M

Noise from the WWPS

operation process

The distance meets QCVN

07:2010/BXD ( 200 m), so the

impact is neligible

10. Removement of

solid waste

workers’ solid waste L

waste from screens and sludge

from biological ponds

11. Surface water

untreated wastewater in the

WWTP in case the WWTP is

in emergency

M

waterwater is treated and

discharged into Hieu River H

12. underground water

pollutiona

wastewater leaks and absorbs

into underground water

the cause is the pond bottom is

not constructed well

M



105

Impacts Sources

Assessment

Negative Positive

Short Long Short Long

13. traffic safety

traffic jam caused by the

vehicles such as sludge

truck…

L

14. Labor safety safety equipments for workers M

environment pollution M

electric danger M

fire M

contact to dangerous

microorganics M

15. Safety and

community health

smell and noise

domestic waste M

solid waste

workers’ activities

16. Landscape

changing the landscape of the

WWTP caused by the

existence of the works

L

Note: L (Low), M (Medium), H (High)

3.5.1. Bad smell and toxic gas

For the operation process and any wastewater treatment system consisting of

wastewater treatment plant, wastewater pumping station and manholes on wastewater

pipeline), the most concerned issues are: (1) Bad smell and toxic gas; (2) sludge; (3) Labor

and environment accidents.

Bad smell is characterized by toxic gas such as H2S, NH3, CH4, non-comfort smell,

etc, from waste water treatment process after microorganism decays the waste, especially

organic substance. Anaerobic pond, facultative pond in the treatment plant are the first one of

the treatment series where causes the bad odour. Bad smell and toxic gas will directly affect

operators and especially neighboring residential areas at the end of wind direction as per

season. However, the selection of biolake treatment technology with 500m distance from the

residential areas ensures to comply with sanitation safety distance for 02 WWTPs at Long

Son ward and Nghia Tien commune, in combination with a green tree system surrounding the

lakes will reduce the smell and toxic gas concentration which will be dispersed in the air.

Only impacts are found in the small scale.

As manholes and wastewater pumping stations are constructed underground, the bad

odour is minimized. Therefore, impacts on health of workers and neighboring residential

areas can be limited if the operation unit strictly comply with mitigation measures to be

recommended in this report at Chapter 4.

Moreover, the air is affected by noise and vibration during operating plants and

equipments as well as some emission from operating machines in internal-combustion engines



106

(CO, NO2, SO2…). However, such impacts are insignificant against the deign of underground

waste water pumping stations to limit noise and vibration. A few of equipments in the waste

water treatment technological line by biolakes as stated in the assesment of the technological

line selection applied for WWTPs of Thai Hoa town.

3.5.2. Waste water and overflowing rainwater

Impacts mentioned are domestic waste water of workers, impacts from waste water

drainage sewers during transportation from the pumping stations and overflowing rainwater

during operation of drainage system and waste water treatment system of the project.

- During operation, waste water volume is estimated in line with number of workers and

engineers operating the WWTPs, manpower in the water drainage pumping station,

drainage system. The special drivers are not considered because they not concentrate

in a certain area or they can live with their family. Therefore, it is calculated with a

number of operators of 10 people (1 chief, 1 accountant, 2 engineers, 2 lab technicians

and 4 operators). Domestic water volume used in the WWTP is 80 l/person/day, hence

each day, the WWTP need 0.8 m3 , equivalent to the domestic waste water volume of

0.8 m3. Generally, waste water load volume is not high, affected insignificantly.

- Overflowing rainwater affects water of the town mainly from WWTPs area.

Especially in the flood season, biolakes in the two WWTPs are open without cover,

therefore, when rainwater rises with limited water capacity and drainage ability of the

lakes, the overflowing rainwater will flow pollutants and discharge into surface water

sources, Hieu River in particular. However, such impact will be minimized by

calculating proper discharging outlets. Hence, such phenomenon is not happened. Vice

versa, with dilution of overflowing rainwater in lakes, the purification process will be

enhanced, laying the positive impacts on the treatment process.

- Impacts caused by wastewater penetration into soil and underground water

environment (in treatment ponds of 2 treatment plants: anaerobic pond, facultative and

stabilization pond), this is the most concerned issue when proposing the wastewater

treatment technology using biological pond series. Ponds are designed to use materials

that prevent water from penetration into soil environment and ground water source as

well as not affecting the living environment of local residents.

3.5.3. Sludge and domestic solid waste

For this phase, sludge and domestic solid wastes from bar screens and daily activities

of operators are the main impact sources during the operation of the drainage and waste water

treatment system of the town.

(1) Post-treatment sludge:

Amount of sludge is calculated basing on the TSS content of input waste water. Every

day, there is about 300mg/l TSS and total treatment capacity of 2 WWTPs is 6,000m3/day (=

4000 + 2000m3/day). Therefore, daily sludge volume is 300/1000 * 6,000*1000/1000000 =

1.8 tons. Such volume is relatively big with a large amount of pollutants, especially bio

criteria if it is not collected and treated daily. It will be an epidemic germs for local people.

However, such volume is concentrated in the drying yard to reduce their volume and

use sterilization measures such as spraying limestone powder, etc, before transporting to the



107

general landfill of the town. Hence, such impact can be minimized. Besides, it can be used as

fertilizer for agricultural production.

(2) Solid waste from bar screen and manholes:

Collected volume of solidwastes is mainly organic substance, nylon bags, paper, etc

with estimated weight of 1.5 kg/day. At collection pits, manholes are also the collection of

solidwastessuch as stagnant sludge with main components of organic substances being

decayed. Most of such solidwastes s are easily decomposed and collected with post-treatment

waste sludge. Hence, impacts on environment and workers at sewers, manholes and WWTPs

are insignificant.

(3) Domestic solidwastes s of employees:

With estimated daily load of each worker of 0.5 kg/person/day, total number of

operators in the WWTP is 10 people. While solidwastes load in this phase is 5kg/day. Hence,

the domestic waste generation is inevitable. However, mitigation measures for such impacts

should be applied before operating the WWTPs.

3.3.4. Impacts on landscape

During operation, when rainwater drainage system and wastewater drainage system as

well as pumping stations are put into operation, roads will be restored as original conditions

after construction completion. Post-construction areas wil be restored and can be furnished

with green coat for the Project’s area. Therefore, impacts on landscape and ecosystem are

regarded as positive.

Basically, impacts on WWTP construction will completely change the landscape and

ecosystem at the site. Post-treatment waste water quality will be qualified as stipulated in

QCVN 14: 2008/ BTNMT, Type B before discharging into Hieu River. Therefore there is no

impacts on micro-organism lives.

Area for traffic roads and green tree belts covers the large scale in the waste water

treatment area. The green tree and traffic road areas are specifically located in the detail

design. Such items are very important because it makes a remarkable contribution to

minimize impacts during operation of WWTPs.

In general, the local ecosystem is completely changed in terms of characteristics and

scale. However, such impacts on the ecosystem in terms of fauna and flora are regarded

insignificant. When WWTPs are available, the landscape is changed positively, demonstrated

in the infrastructure development. Thence, living standards are improved by developing and

perfecting the infrastructure in general.

3.3.5. Environment safety and risks

- Problemss of blocking the rain water and waste water drainage sewers at some

pipelines due to construction of other works such as: high-rise buildings, market, trade area,

power supply infrastructure perfection, fiber cables, IT, etc, or low awareness of a part of

local people on freely discharging waste. Such block can make local flood, affecting the

traffic and daily life of the local people.

- Problemss in the booster pumping station and WWTPs are one of risks affecting the

socio-economic life of the local people. In the rainy season with large volume of water due to

the underground pumps, hence, when water rises above the warning level, standby pumps will



108

be activated to pump water into the WWTPs or limit the water drainage capacity and life of

the pumping stations. In case of power cut off, the standby generator will be used to ensure

treatment capacity and performance of the station. Therefore, waste water is still treated in

such case without affecting the environment and local people.

- The flood problemss in the 2 WWTPs due to overflowing rainwater in the flood

season as stated above will flow impurities and micro-organism, epidemic germs, etc,

polluting water sources (Hieu River) in the area and affecting safety in the daily activities and

production of the local people.

- Output waste water quality is not ensured as stipulated in QCVN 14: 2008/ BTNMT,

type B before discharging into Hieu river if the operation fails to comply with treatment

process as well as discharging process as designed.

In addition to positive impacts, the environment problems can be available during

operating the drainage system and WWTPs. The construction of WWTPs generates jobs and

income for some workers involved in some services surrounding the WWTPs such as shops,

etc, to meet the demand of operators. Hence, living standards of the local people surrounding

the WWTPs in terms of supplying food and necessary services for operators in the WWTPs.

Accordingly, supply demand is developed. This is one of direction to increase income of the

local people and improve the regional economic growth in general.



109

CHAPTER IV:

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR ADVERSE IMPACTS, PREVENTATION AND

RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

4.1. MITIGATION MEASURES IN THE PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

4.1.1. Research methodology and specific assesment on the project area’s location and

land situation

During the project preparing and design phases, he applies the general measures to

prevent pollution and creat favorable conditions for the environment protection in the next

phases as follows:

- To conduct detailed survey on the geological position and terrain of the project area

to completely evaluate the advantages and disadvantages for planning the infrastructure

development to obtain highest economic performance, save costs and investment time,

developing the project’s overall strengths.

- To conduct detailed survey on advantages in terms of climate, weather, hydrography

(water level, foundation grading level, etc) to make master plan in line with terrain, climate,

weather conditions as scheduled by the town.

- To evaluate the geological conditions of the project area to work out the work

foundation design.

- To suggest the construction land technical measures to minimize earthworks and air

pollution in the site clearance phase, creating natural water drainage channels, preventing

floods during constructing the technical infrastructure of the project.

- Before reclaiming land, land users are notified about the reason of such activities,

time and plan for moving as well as selecting the logical compensation proposals for affected

households as stipulated in the approved resettlement plan.

4.1.2. Site plans

To minimize adverse impacts on site clearance, the Employer conducts:

- Analysis and evaluation of land use situation, population, labor and construction land

fund to suggest the local planning structure solutions

- Determining land use functions for works items with the technical economic criteria

as required for the construction of water drainage & waste water treatment systems.

- Determination and caculation of the technical infrastructure such as traffic, technical

preparation, water supply, power supply, environment sanitation, etc to combine with the

local water drainage & waste water treatment systems .

- Organization of architectural plan space to create a beauty spots, harmonizing with

surrounding, especially in the two WWTPs.



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4.2. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

4.2.1. Air pollution limitation

4.2.1.1. Dust minimization

The project owner/contractor must apply dust mitigation measures during backfilling

and construction of work items as follows:

- Make soil and canals wet, before digging or cutting out the roads and

sidewalks: 2 times a day to ensure land always in wet conditions. Therefore,

the amount of dust spreading away is limited (reduction levels is more than

75%);

- Isolate the construction area and have measures to cover the transport vehicles:

it can be used with mobile trees or fences to prevent emitted dust near the road

or in the construction area. This can be reduced by 80% due to dust released

when transporting;

- Reducing soil/land storage and cover land or construction materials by plastic

in the storage areas: it is necessary to pay attention to the construction areas

near residential areas. Book method of construction can be used. Therefore, the

amount of volume of waste is stored only in short time at the construction area

and using of cover material to limit the dust distribution. The volume dust

emission in this phase is insignificant;

- Maintenance construction and transport facilities and prevent leakage: ensuring

the design capacity so the volume waste disposal must be in accordance with

the calculation as in chapter on impact assessment. The right volume of

emission in the allowed limitation can be controlled when implementing

measures to minimize impacts on the environment;

- Inform people about the plan of improving and building to limit the

complaints from the people: generally, notify people in the project area at

least 2 weeks before implementing project and answering all questions and

recording all the responses of people to project construction to have optimized

construction plan.

- After construction works such as excavation of trench to install pipeline,

pumping station, it is required to clear the site and reinstate the plan.

Ensuring the implementation of methods to minimize impacts on above air quality can be

reduced to 95% of the impact on environment. The rest is contributed from the knowledge of

operators and conducting the suitable methods in line the proper guidance of the agency

responsible for issues related to environment.

4.2.1.2. Minimizing impacts of noise and vibration

To minimizing adverse impacts of noise and vibration generated during constructing

works items, it is required to apply mitigation measures as follows:

- Use the specific vehicles and periodic maintenance;

- Planning construction schedules to avoid the sensitive time and crowed

moments;



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- Operating all devices with great noise levels in short time;

- Use fence, minimum distance to households in the construction process ( more

than 100 meter); Especially, in wastewater treatment plants it is vital to ensure

the distance for a safe construction to regional population (200 meter);

- Notify people about the construction plan (at least 2 weeks before

construction).

The impact of noise and vibration will be reduced by from 85 to 95% of noise from

construction areas. However, at the high level of construction, noise and vibration can be

reduced by 75% but only in a certain period of construction, expend the time between each

work item limit the influence of noise and vibration on environment

Besides, to minimize adverse impacts on the atmosohere in this phase it is supposed to

comply with some construction safety regulations and rule for some following measures in

addition to the aforesaide technical solutions:

- Trucks transporting construction materials must be diverged as stipulated to avoid

local pollution in the Project’s area.

- A proper construction and manpower plan must be prepared to avoid overlap

between implementation processes. It is necessary to apply modern construction methods,

advanced construction equipment, machanization and maximizing the construction process.

- Documents on construction plants and equipments must be fully provided.

Specifications must be regularly checked. Fire warnings and other necessary signs must be

installed.

- Proper construction plan and material supply schedule must be prepared. Materials

must not be collect at the same time.

- When loading the materials, worker must be provided with Personal Labor

Protection Equipment to limit dust impact on their health.

- It is required to raise the awareness on environment protection for workers and

managers at the Site to show the benefit of healthy working enviroment protecton attached

with their health and community health protection.

- Violation will be severly treated.

4.2.2. Mitigation of impact on water environment

This environment is quite sensitive and can spread out pollution in a large scale. Limiting this

impact is very essential and it should been had a clear plan, and specific progress of

construction. Minimizing flooding in local construction and the impact on water environment

needs necessary measures:

- Layout the temporary drainage canal system in the area of construction. The

contractor will arrange suitably in accordance with the area and scale of items

of construction;

- Layout scale pits in the river gates and when there is a large volume of

wastewater, the contractor will use pumps to pump water to the river;



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- Design drainage system, temporary discharge sewer, maintain the working

condition of discharge sewers and install the system of temporary pumps to

pump water to discharge points;

- Use or transport immediately aggrading land (amount of aggrading land has

been specifically mentioned in above chapter), reduce the amount of land

stored in the construction areas;

- Arrange construction time reasonably and effective;

- Maintain equipment to limit the leakage of oil, fat ...

- Enhance the safety in the transportation of materials on the river, stream (if

any) to minimize ability to spread out pollutants;

- Collect and process wastewater, solid waste of construction process and

domestic solid waste occurred in the worker camp areas

4.2.3. Mitigation of impact on soil environment

Measures to minimize impacts mentioned include:

- When dredging and operating routine ditches, water drainage and building

treatment plants, a new block of land is generated. This volume of land should

be taken advantage of reimbursing surface to return the original surface; the

rest is collected and transported to make the basement of treatment plants.

Processing 100% of the waste rock at the right place;

- Sludge generated when dredging ditches needs a plan to sieve lime to prevent

disease spreading out quickly to workers, receiving sources and needed

transporting the sanitation beach for safely handling these waste. Process

thoroughly 100% of sludge disposal which affects environment and health of

workers directly involved in construction;

- The problems of land depression and destroying natural structure, it should

have calculated the specific load, density and the strength of materials used in

construction to have necessary backup measures. Plan for monitoring the land

depression levels: once per total duration of construction of the whole pipe

line system; once or twice for total construction time of all items of treatment

plants. However, monitoring frequency, depression measurement will be

decreased each year when the project is put into operation and depend on the

actual conditions of construction area. Therefore, they always are active in

monitoring the construction quality.

In addition, for the wastewater treatment plants, it is notified more about the additional

mitigation measures for some subjects as follow:

* Agricultural Solid waste

- Most types of solid waste originated from organic substances are easily

decayed in accordance with the biological process. But if not collected,

cluttered waste will affect environment. Conversely, if combined with

farmers to create the green fertilizers for agricultural cultivation, it is an

environment friendly method and save costs for transportation, handling in a

hygiene buried beach



113

* Land depression in the wastewater treatment plants

- Calculate these impacts from the actual survey, geological and topographical

investigation and previous research on characteristics and nature of land to

limit them when building work items (mentioned above). Simultaneously, it

needs a monitoring process on land depression level during the construction

to have the instant response to all possibilities that may occur and ensure

quality of construction

4.2.4. Mitigation of impact on transportation and flood in the construction

* Reducing the impacts to transportation

− The impacts to transportation is unavoidable to all the works in execution, so it is

necessary to properly divide the road lanes, ask the bidder to plant the warning

signs, to have the lane dividing guide, the indicator light at night and other

specific signs as defined by the current regulations of safety transportation;

− The work warning signs must have the name of the executors, local authorities,

address and telephone number of specific individuals in case of complaints or

arose problems;

− The bidders must have the detailed plan to seal off the road in minimum period of

time or not in the rush hours. Local community and the business units need to be

informed about the execution schedule 2 weeks in advance by the mass media

(radio, television, local radiocasting);

− This task will be done in collaboration with the transportation police, the

Department of Transportation and other relevant unities.

* Reducing the impacts of flooding

− Digging small ditches, trenches to drainage temperarily at sites of executing areas

and seting up moving pumps to pump water at temperary collected holes;

− When water level is up to max fix level holes, it’s necessary to pump into river,

specially, in rain- season;

− Executing how far, clearance up to there to avoid and mitigation flow jam on

draiage;

− In flooding and huge rain season, it’s necessary to have the reasonable option,

active- time and amount of pumps in active or standby have been operated

reasonable and optimum.

− Building the fence, temporary dykes to restrict phenonmenol of blow soil, stone...

on working;

4.2.5. Mitigation measures for environmental problems

− A Committee of Labor Safety and Environment Protection should be established at

the Site.

− Construction machines and equipments must be attached with records, checked

and regularly supervise specifications.



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− It is supposed to set up regulations on working at Site including in/out of the Site;

regulations on labor protection clothes; regulations on using equipments, electric

safety and traffic safety.

− Operators directly handle with construction and machines must be trained and

practised properly.

− Regulations must be popularized to workers through various forms.

− Labor accidents must be controled to timely identify the causes and apply recovery

methods to avoid re-occurance of the similar accidents.

− It is required to install prohibition signs at the dangerous areas.

− Electric wire and switch systems which can spark must be safetly arranged.

− Manual fire extiguishers must be arranged at the most convenient positions for use.

Fire extinguishing medium must be regularly checked and ensured to be ready for

use.

− When installing the scarfold and equipment at height, safety lock belt must be

equipped.

− Medical team and cabinet must be available at site to timely provide first-aid in

serious accidents.

4.3. MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE

4.3.1. Minimizing impacts on air environment

In operation, impacts from air are clear. They are noise from pump operation in

pumping station and treatment plant, odor from exhausted gas in compositing organics in

wastewater. Many methodologies are applied as follows:

- Ferformance periodical maintenance;

- Operating as per the design capacity;

- Increasing surrounding green tree trips to limit noise and exhaust;

General measures to minimize air pollution for operation phase:

- Giving out plan for periodic checking, monitoring exhaust concentration to

have reasonable assessment and control in the operation process;

- Limiting exhaust and noise by operative machine and equipments with green

tree trips surrounded the treatment plant;

- Figuring ballpark pollution Load to have options for adjusting best capacity

during operation;

- Process of transporting waste (sludge, domestic solid waste) must be contained

in the standardized chamber to minimize spreading exhaust and solid waste to

the environment;

- Giving out plan for periodic control and maintenance for machines to ensure

good working condition during operation



115

4.3.2. Minimizing impact on water environment

- Performing periodic maintenance for drain, sewerage, wastewater pump house,

avoiding the jam and overwork condition;

- Giving out plan for dredging, collecting and treating absolutely wastes

collected from screen bar, grit tank, domestic solid waste of observing

Engineers and operative workers;

- Closely controlling the situation of local flooding caused by objective reasons

to insure good working condition of sewers;

- Complying full codes on operation and management of wastewater treatment

plant;

- Giving out frequent observation plan to control the pollution.

4.3.3. Minimizing impact on soil environment

- Wastewater anti-penetration method from reservoir into soil and ground water

environment when opearting the treatment plant.

According to Basic Design Report of the Project, the antipenetration method for ponds

are designed as follows:

+ Clay : 40 cm;

+ Anti-penetration meterial: HDPE, GUS;

+ Rubble

This structure has been tested ensuring anti-penetration and applied for wastewater

treatment technology using pond series similar to some cities metioned above such as Thai

Binh City, Lang Co – Hue City, etc.

- Sludge treatment method:

+ Sludge dredging from treatment pond to transfer to sludge drying bed is

implemented twice a year for one pond. Therefore, the Consultant proposes to use portable

pump to pump sludge from the pond to the sludge drying bed. These pumps are submersile

ones which are fixed on the platform and can be easily installed and dismantled. Sludge will

be gathered to this location and then transfered to the sludge drying bed. These submersile

pumps are equal to the normal pumping stations. They are advanced ones with auto-

controlling system to regulate flow, have high safety level and easy for management and

opeartion.

+ Sludge from screen, sedimentation tank after being grinded together with sludge

from oxidation ditch is pumped to the sludge drying bed where sludge is mixed with lime to

disinfect and handled through the press. Amount of water after being pressed will go back the

treatment work and dried sludge will be loaded into truckes to transfered to the Thai Hoa

landfill with area of 10ha on the high hill area of Nghia My commune.

- Number of pond 1 pond

- Area = 115 m2

- Width = 10 m

- Length = 11,5 m



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- Depth = 1.7 m

Apart from the said methods, M&O unit must follow some following management

methods to minimize impacts of sludge on environment and public health.

- Gathered sludge should be stored in a short time not exceeding 48h and applied

measure of spraying disinfection lime to ensure safety for the environment;

- Not gathering sludge and waste at the treatment plant in a long time, especially

need designing far distance from the housing area of the operative workers;

- Giving out periodic maintenance for plant and equipment to monitor the

working condition and compliance during operation. Limiting fuel leakage into

soil environment;

- At storage, need spraying lime, closely covering, limit bacterium and diseases

causing factors and epidemic spreading elements

4.3.4. Reducing impact on ecosystem and socio-economy

- Returning green landscape for the area of the wastewater treatment plant;

- Creating green tree trips surrounding the treatment plant, housing area and

operation area of workers;

- Preparing plant for community education, heighten awareness of the people on

environmental protection in order to have effective operation and supported by

the people;

- Holding seminars, scientific conference on drawing experience surrounding

the project area;

- Co-coordinating with experts, management of local authority to performing

effective operation and absolute solving, meeting present demands, stepping up

to completing the project in the following phases.

4.4. MEASURES FOR PREVENTING ENVIRONMENT RISKS

In order to prevent fire, explosion, direct operative worker, Engineers have to strictly

regulations on fire, explosion prevention measures as follows:

- Machines, equipments operating at high pressure must be included clear

record, equipped with pressure meter and checked periodically;

- Installing fire alarm system, warning alarm system;

- Installing arrestor system for area with height;

- Electrical equipments should be maintained in the safety condition, preventing

impossibility of spark in the dangerous areas;

- Power using machines should be earthed to prevent leaky and electromagnet

charge;

- Chemicals storehouse must be situated at the end of wind direction, safe,

Chlorine containers must be checked periodically;



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- Heightening technical skills especially safety regulations, fire prevention and

fighting regulations for operative workers. Frequently checking, reminding

regulations on environmental protection and fire prevention, and fighting.

Guardmen and fire fighters should be ready 24h/day;

- Building options for preventing, recovering environmental accidents: fire,

explosion, chemical leakage, accidents of environmental treatment plant

(wastewater, exhaust treatment), to submit to state authority for approval and

organizing implementation.

- Control solution for industrial wastewater (if any) as the units discharge into

the genaral drainage sewers that is required for industrial units/ industrial parks

in Thai Hoa Town discharge of sewage into the drainage system to achieve the

standard, type B - QCVN 24:2009 / BTNMT - National Technical Regulations

on industrial wastewater.

Table 6: Mitagation measures of risks and emergencies during the

construction and operation phase

No. Situations Action plan

1 Cultural and archaeological

antuques

Maintaining the existing status and reporting to

the supervisors and Client, the local museums and

the Department of Culture and Information

Submitting to museum management agencies /

cultural management agencies;

Determining that the excavation will be continued

or stopped to investigate further.

Director of Department of Culture and Information

is responsible for managing objects and antiques

under the provisions of Article 21 of Decree No.

92/2002 on guidelines on the implementation of the

Law on Cultural Heritage.

2 Graves

Protect status, and notify local authorities

Identify solutions and duties of the relevant

individuals, execution time and place to move if

any

Implementation of measures proposed

3

Complaints on environmental

issues

Immediately implement mitigatation measures if

possible

Recorded in the diary

Discuss with the Client and local authorities to

thoroughly resolve the conflict

4 Explore- fire

Protection status

Notify local authorities

Contact with the local military units for support

5 Fire

Notify agencies (especially, fire police).

Rescue of objects

Actively isolate the fire with the existing facilities

on site (fire extinguishers, sprinklers, fire

extinguishers (if any)).



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No. Situations Action plan

Support under the guidance of the functional units

until they are at the scene (especially, mines,

explosives caused by chemicals, etc..)

Support the functional units, local governments

set up perimeter security around danger areas.

Check the fire safety conditions on site, make sure

this problem does not redo.

Suspend the work if workers break the regulations

on fire safety.

7 Electrical accident

Disconnect the power in the incident area and the

surrounding area

Immediately save the people in the danger areas

Find out what is causing accidents, power check,

wires and contacts ...

Recorded accidents

4.5. FLOOD CONTROLS

Risk and broken-down from nature are decisive factors to the sustainable character of

all infrastructure works. So, flooding is a factor that having market effects on. This is a natural

phenomenon, so, it need to having preventative option and dealing in- time to restrict the bad

impacts to quality and quantity of treatment plan.

In technical design, flooding and inundation factors have been considered to offer proper

options and minimize risks of flooding and inundations, especially in rainy season,

specifically:

- Ground leveling will be designed at higher level compared to the highest

level of flood in Thai Hoa of 47.5m (according to the sea level) over the past

years.

- Installing 01 standby pump in each wastewater pumping station

Therefore, by the design mentioned above, during heavy rain, water level is high, each

pumping station will operate one more pump and number of working hours of pump will meet

drainage ability in case of big water flow. When water level exceeds the allowable designed

limit, wastewater collection pumps will pump water directly to the discharge outlet to limit

long time inundation. Wastewater will be mixed with a big amount of rainwater, the

contaminated concentration will be reduced significantly and it will be further dilluted when

being discharged into river. Therefore, concentration of pollutants is not much and local

inundations are limited during flooding. This measure is considered as optimal option at the

moment.



119

4.6. SANCTION METHODS

In Chapter 5 - Environmental management and monitoring program of this report has

proposed a general environmental management and monitoring program in which it states

clear requirements for Project Owner and other relevant units to comply with proposed

minigation measures . This is the basis for the Department of Natural Resources and

Environment of Nghe An province, concerned units, the donor (World Bank) to make

inspection, supervision and punishment according to current Vietnam law when discoverying

the non-compliance with environmental protection and causing environmental pollution by

the Project Owner (eg: reserve the right to sanction under Decree No. 117/2009/ND-CP dated

December 31, 2009 of the Government on handling violations in the field of environmental

protection ,...).

Upon discovering the violations, non-compliance with the environmental protection

and environmental pollution caused by contractor, project owner, management and operation

uint during the construction and operation of Thai Hoa drainage and wastewater treatment

system, the competent authorities may reserve the right to sanction under Article 40, 41, 42 -

Section 2. Authority and procedures for sanction – Decree No.117/2009/ND-CP dated

December 31, 2009 of the Government on handling violations in the field of environmental

protection, including:

Article 40. The competence to dealing with administrative violations of People’s

Committee of all levels, of which: Chairman of wards/communes; People’s

committee of district, provinces.

Article 41. The competence to dealing with administrative violations of the people’s

public security in which: On-duty environmental police officer; head of commune

police, head of environmental police office, head of district police office; Director of

Environmental police bureau.

Article 42. The competence to dealing with administrative violations of special

inspections, in which: Environmental inspection of Department of Natural Resources

and Environment; chief inspector of Department of Naturla Resources and

Environment; Chief inspector of Environmental Bureau; Chief inspector of Ministry

of Natural Resources and Environment.

(Articles applied in Decree No. 117/2009/NĐ-CP dated 31/12/2009 of the Government on

dealing with law violations in the field of environmental protection).



120

CHAPTER V:

THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

The objective of the environmental management plan for the project is to provide

guidance to the project can be assured in term of environment. Environmental management

plan to comply with current legislation on the environment of Vietnam and comply with

environmental safety policies, including:

+ Using the appropriate organizational structure for environmental protection in various

phases of project implementation to ensure that mitigation measures are implemented in all

phases and monitor the effectiveness of the mitigation measures proposed in the EIA report.

+ Management and monitoring plan proposed reduction in the EIA report for the bid

winner to build and operate.

+ Provide a contingency plan to rescue plans for environmental incidents occurred.

5.1.1. Organization for implementation of EMP

The effectiveness of the EMP depends on many factors and organizations, this is clearly

shown in the roles and responsibilities of the relevant bodies in ensuring environment safety

and managing environment. These responsibilities of the organizations and relevant bodies in

the execution of the EMP of “Drainage and wastewater treatment project for Tuyen Quan

town, Nghe An province”, are shown in the table below:

Table 5.1: Roles and fuctions of environment management of the project participants

Roles Functions

1. The implementation agencies:

The People’s Committee of Thai

Hoa town

Co-ordinate and manage the implementation of the project,

including project instruction and monitoring.

The People’s Committee of Thai

Hoa town

(Project Owner)

Have the responsibility to carry out completely the

management, deployment the EMP.

The Management Board of

“Drainage and wastewater

treatment project for Thai

Hoa town, Nghe An province”

• Have the responsibility to complete the daily tasks of the

project, including examining and monitoring the

implementation of EMP (when assigned)

• Have the responsibility to train and support the contrator

about issues of the environment; examining and

monitoring the process of implementing the project to

ensure that the proposed procedures are strictly followed.

Environment consultant Prepare the EMP

Construction contractors

Construction will comply with the following methods

• Apply the measures to reduce the impacts on environment

during the construction;

• Ensure the safety measures for the workers and local

people during the execution

• Follow all Vietnamese policies in conformity with

sponsor’s requests.

Project operating unit • Operate the project and implement the environment



121

Roles Functions

management and monitoring measures; report the results

frequently to the management unit.

• The wastewater examinating lab of the operating unit of

the treatment plant will be equipped adequate equipments

to quickly examine parameters in pre and post – treatment

wastewater, BOD5, COD and Coliform will be daily

monitored during the operation of the treatment plant.

2. Monitoring units

Nghe An Department of Natural

Resources and Environment

(The Environmental Projection

Branch office) and relevant

special agencies.

• Have the responsibility to follow the environment

management and protection according to the Law of

Environment Protection, 80/CP Decree, 21/CP-ND

Decree of the Government and 05/TT-BTN&MT Circular

• The “Drainage and wastewater treatment project for Thai

Hoa town, Nghe An province” belong to group II, so all

the reports on monitoring and implementing EMP will be

evaluated and approved by the Environment Management

Chamber in conformity with the constitutional framework

of environment management and protection.

• Ensure that the new urban areas and EMP must conform

with the environment regulations

• Inspect the implementation of the regulations, standards

of preventing and repairing the environment degradation

by pollution and other environmental issues during the

construction.

Internal monitoring

Supervise the contractor during the contruction process,

including the implementation of environment management

activities in the environmental action plan

Independent monitoring Supervise independently the implementation of EMP

3.The local authorities, social organizations and community

The People’s Committee of

communes/wards in the project

area

• Support the PMU in constructing the relationship with

community and compensating the site clearance

• Provide information about the relevant issues for Project

Owner in designing and implementing the project

• Ensure the safety, security of the work site in the their

own areas, supervise the implementation of the project



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Roles Functions

The social bodies of

ward/commune level

• Play the bridge between the People Committe of the

Ward and community

• Support PMU and People Committee of the ward to

encourage the participation of the community in the

process;

• Provide the necessary information about the project so the

people can access and give ideas about the status of the

project area and when the project comes into execution.

Community

• Make suggestions about EMP

• Monitor and supervise the implementation of the

measures to reduce the negative impacts through the

Community monitoring Board (if any)

Nghe An Province’s People

Committee

People’ Committee

Related departments and

organisations

Nghe An Department of Natural

Resources and Environment

Thai Hoa town People’s

Committee _- PMU

Environmental Management

_- PMU

CONSTRUCTION

/OPERATION

ACTIVITIES

Contructor/Pub

lic services

companies -

operation unit

WORLD BANK

Local

government

Public representative

CMC

Figure 0–1 EMS in the implementation of the project

Responsibility

Cooperation



123

5.1.3. Estabilishment of EMP

The EMP of “Drainage and wastewater treatment system project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe

An province” was contructed on the basis of the combination from chapters I, II,III, IV. This

combination is the information about the activities os the project in preparation, construction

and operation time; impacts to environment; measures to reduce the negative impacts; the

costs; schedule; implementers and supervisors

The implementation of the project is to improve and increase the environment quality of the

town, each item of the project is the environment processing work itself whose objects are

rain-water and waste-water. The environment processing works of the project were specified

in chapter I of this report (especially the techical aspect)

The part 5.1.2 – Constructing EMP for the project will only give the most general

information about the activities of the project, the impacts to environment, the measures to

reduce the negative impacts ...as shown in the following table:



PCO Consultant,2010

Table 5.2: EMP of “Drainage and wastewater treatment project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An province”

TT Impacts /

Issues Source of impacts Mitigation measure

Implementation period

Implementation

unit

Monitoring

unit

I Project preparation period

1 Choosing

receiving body

for treated

water

Surface water source

of the town (Hieu

river)

- Make a survey of current situation of surface water

sources in the project area (Hydrogeological regime,

self-cleaning ability, and stability of the reciving

body).

- Refer to yearly monitoring data of surface water

quality and self-cleaning ability.

- Check surface water quality and compare to

regulation QCVN 14:2009/BTNMT on National

technical regulation on wastewater quality in

order to serve the monitoring of treated water

discharged into surface water source when

opearating the treatment plant.

- Determine discharge locations: we have to consider

the water level, avoid locations at source, especially

where water is taken for domestic use.

Design Design

consultant

Client

2 Design of

treatment

technology

improper water

treatment Process /

treatment tank size

will influence

treatment efficiency

and output water

quality

- Client must select consultant who has experiences

in waste water treatment

- Treatment Technology should be easy to operate

for users, particularly; it must ensure the treated

water meet standards QCVN 14:2009/BTNMT on

National technical regulation on wastewater

quality.

- Process Technology must be Designed based on

the actual conditions of project area ( water

demand, water source characteristics)

- Scale and size of the treatment tank must be

calculated in detail, including the time and

effectiveness of treatment through each treatment

Design Design

consultant

Client



PCO Consultant,2010

TT Impacts /



Implementation

unit

Monitoring

unit

process.

3 Safety of

drainage and

wastewater

treatment

works

Choosing locations for

water treatment

constructions,

- Location of water treatment works should be

surveyed in geography, geology, social issues, ...

ensure not threat to the safety of long-term

projects

- Location of wastewater treatment plant need to be

far away 250 m fromresidential area for treatment

technology of biological ponds. This ensures that

noise doesn’t affect inhabitants life.

- Avoid selecting location of wastewater treatment

plant, - wastewater pumping station, pipeline on the

cultivation land of high productivity, especially in

the rice field having 2-3 crops/year.

- Location of WWTP, WWPS, pipeline system of

waste water collection and drainage need to avoid

cultural, historical buildings such as funeral, temple,

church, pagoda, big tree, historical monument, etc.

Environmentail criteria and technical design: Including following items:

+ Water treatment system

- Fence, Warning and safety signing board

- WW treatment system with treatment ponds:

anaerobic pond, falcutative pond, aerobic ponds,

sludge drying yard, etc.

+ WWPS

- Direction of sewer gate, gate and replacement of

pump is optimized to minimize noise

- Anti-insulating plates such as Anti-insulating

Design Design

consultant

Client



PCO Consultant,2010

TT Impacts /



Implementation

unit

Monitoring

unit

doors or plating trees

- Sound proofing by planting green trees

surrounding the treatment plant.

- Fire prevention equipments.

4 Trees are cut

down or

damaged.

Loss of arable

land

Land acquisition,site

clearance before

construction period

- Avoid WTP site selection, pipeline system,

WWPS on cultivation land for high yield,

especially in fields where rice can grow well.

- Avoid the design of pipeline along the grown

trees

- Design to plant trees in and around WTP

- Inform so timely to farmers that they can adjust

cultivation time if possible

Design Design

consultant

Client

5 Interruption to

existing

infrastructure

or services

such as

drainage,

power line,

telephone

cables,…

Operation of

transportation

equipment and

materials; digging and

leveling the site.

- Select the reasonable location of pipeline system,

treatment plant, .WWPS.., to avoid disrupting

existing infrastructures

- Design the temporary water pipeline for the

irrigation canals which were disrupted

Design Design

consultant

Client

6 Impacts on

cultural,

historical,

archaeological

sites

Digging and leveling

the site for

construction of WTP

and water supply

pipeline system.

- Select the location of construction of water

treatment plant, wastewater collection sewers

avoiding cultural works, historical graves,

churches, temples, pagodas, trees, historic

monuments, etc.

Design Design

consultant

Client

7 Recover land

for project, site

Policies of

compensation and

- Setup a management board for site clearance

including representatives of the People's

Design

Client (PPMU)

in coordination

Nghe An

PPC



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unit

clearance resettlement of the

project

- Trees area cut down

or damaged.

- Loss of cultivation

land

Committee at commune level where the project

affected

- Minimize Recover land that has been granted to

households. Try using the land managed by the

commune People's Committee

- Inform people who are effected directly from the

project

- Have reasonable compensation policy for people

with land acquisition

- Avoid selection of water treatment plant, raw

water intake, pipes on the productive farming land.

- Avoid designing the pipelines along the available

trees

- Design trees in and around the water treatment

plant

- in Advance notice to the farmers so that they can

adjust crops.

with PPC and

other unit

II Construction

period

1 Landscape

and ecology

system:

Site clearance,

excavation:

- chage of surface soil

structure and using

target;

- destroy landscape;

- lose beauty;

- chop down tree

- Minimize the cut of trees or affecting the trees

around during clearance and construction.

-Limit the cutting of trees to build camps, gathering

materials.

- Planting trees in affected locations

- Keep the surface soil before digging to be used for

restoration.

- Collecting and authentic materials (trunks, leaves,

...) to handle, or for utilizing as fertilizer, for firing

Construction - Contractor;

- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

- Inepenent

monitoring.



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Monitoring

unit

...

- suitablly Covering excavated wastes, the materials,

waste ...

- Daily Collecting waste materials, sludge, domestic

waste, .. on the site.

2 Infrastructures

such as water

supply system,

power lines,

telephone

cables, roads

or drainage

cannels…are

damaged

Operation of

transportation means:

- gathering of

materials, parking;

- transporting

materials, soil;

- reasonablly Execute to minimize the impacts

during rush-hours: step-by-step construction

- minimize the impact on roads while gathering

materials and construction;

- Use of construction equipments with proper load,

no damage to existing roads.

- Do not use hook-trailer on paved roads;

- Require the contractor to be responsible for any

damage to any bridge/ road. - Repair the damage

they have caused.

(According to TCVN 4054-98- traffic flow during

rush-hours in the transportation route of materials)

- Coordination with concerned local authorities to

relocate infrastructures if neccessary.

- Inform the local people if having any temporary

cut off of service at least 3 days.

- Drivers must inspect and observe the height of

technical cable wire while driving before driving

under power lines or unloading of materials and

equipments under the cable.


- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

- Inepenent

monitoring.

3 - Dust and

emissions

From the surface of

backfilling area.

- Excavated soil,

stone, activities of

- Spray water of road regularly (2 times / day) to

reduce dust dispersal to residential areas;

- digging temporarily excavated soil must be

covered appropriately (2 - 3 meter shield, cover…)


- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

- Inepenent



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transportation

vehicles.

- Due to burning fuel

of construction

vehicles.

to avoid dust dispersal;

- Use leveled materials with high humidity. Using

sand with humidity from 50-60% for leveling). In

the process of leveling, we also intergrate with

bulldozing land. Reinforced the internal roads to

avoid dispersal of dust from the operation of

means of transportation.

Cleaning vehicle leaving the area of construction;

shield the vehicles to avoid dust and scatter material

on the road;

Clean the road daily.

- Only use vehicles and vehicles with low exhaust

emissions than permitted standards;

- Maintenance of vehicles and equipment frequently

(monthly);

Do not burn waste on site;

- Do not store the odor waste in the densely

populatation areas;

- Workers should carry the labor protective clothing,

masks, masks ...

- Monitoring the quality of air pollution by dust and

emissions during construction.

monitoring.

4 Noise an

Vibration

- Construction means

such as excavator,

pump, concrete mixer,

transportation

vehicles…

- Check the noise of the devices, if the noise exceds

the allowance, install equipments to reduce sound or

stop using;

- Only operate well maintained equipments;

maintain equipment during construction. Do not use

the old equipments which are outdated and high

noise.


- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

- Inepenent

monitoring.



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- Plan reasonable use of vehicles to limit noise in

rush- peak hours.

- Use and maintenance of equipment and shielding

to reduce noise, turn off the machine if necessary.

- The machinery such as livestock machine, ironing

machine, hammer machine, excavators, drilling

machines ... causing much noise will not be operated

at night to avoid the impact on human activities and

surrounding areas.

- Reduce noise by planting trees, ensuring a clean

environment; just one can reduce the spread of noise

to the surrounding environment.

- Equipment for construction workers and labor

protection means to prevent noise, vibration.

- Monitoring noise during the construction.

- water pump plan should avoid sensitive time for

noise, if possible

- Use the elastic structure to reduce vibration such as

the oil shock box, knee elastic metal, the metal

elastic cushion, pillow elastic rubber, is mounted

between machines ... and plant stands, and be

periodically inspected or instead.

- Digging holes pour the sand around the area pilling

to limit the spread of vibration.

5 Waste water - overflow water in

the construction site

- domestic waste

water of workers

- Allocate drainage ditches around the construction

area to collect overflow rainwater and sedimentation

pits before leading into the general sewer system;

- Provide 01 public toilet in each route to collect and

store waste water: use casted RC septic tanks - 2 pits


- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

- Inepenent

monitoring.



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unit

(mobile).

6 Solid Waste -Construction and

-domestic waste

- Using excavated soil to fill in some areas of

construction;

- Solid waste is stored temporarily in sludge pits

must be covered to reduce the concentration of

dispersed waste, odors, dust into the environment;

not to obstruct traffic and loss of regional beauty;

- Solid wastes are disposed off daily (from 1-2

times/day, depending on the volume of waste);

- Do not burn waste on site;

- Clean up solid waste and wastewater, before

closing


- Service

contract unit

- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

- Inepenent

monitoring.

7 - Safety and

community health:

+ environmental

problems

traffic safety;

- labor safety;

- burning/ explosion

- local flood on site

+ labor accidents, .,…

- Comply with safety regulations during

construction;;

- Maintain the emergency department on site;;

- There are reasonable plans to mobilize a car, avoid

traffic stuck; prohibit speeding when driving

through residential areas.

- making fence, barrier, warning of dangerous

signing board

- Provide safety and appropriate equipments/ tools

such as protective clothing as well as ensuring the

application of safety measures for construction;

- set up program of examination and following of

health periodically for the workers and operators of

WWTP.

- Set up reasonable temporary rain and waste water

drainage routes at construction area;


- Service

contract unit

- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

- Inepenent

monitoring.



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- Make used of existing drainage ditches, , ponds ...

in the surrounding area.

- exame the worker’s health every 6 months

8 Effects for the

cultural,

historical,

archaeological

works

Excavation and

levelling on PS,

WWTP and WW

pipeline network

This does not exist in the subproject of 3 Thai Hoa

communes because the WWTP and pipe network are

all agricultural or public land without cultural,

historical and archaeological works, managed by

the CPC. In case unknown archaeological objects

are found during construction phase, act following

chance findings procedures described below:

- If cultural artifacts are uncovered the Contractor

must stop work at the site, secure the site and

inform the supervision Engineer.

- The Contractor should arrange with the Engineer

to move his activities to another site.

Construction works at the site where objects were

found only be resumed at permission of PPMU.

- The Engineer will inform PPMU, the one who

inform the provincial Department of Cultural,

Sports and Tourism (DCPS).

Officer from DCPS will inspect the side, evaluate

the importance of the objects found and decide on

the next steps. .

If graves discovered in the digging, notify the

PPMU. PPMU will coordinate with local authorities

to notify people in the village for at least two weeks

in advance to move. If people realized their tomb,

project will support and create conditions for them

to relocate. If many tombs found, draw diagrams of


- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

- Inepenent

monitoring.



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the tombs location before moving and

documentation which notes clearly each tomb’s new

position. These records must be kept in the CPC.

9 Implementation of environmental observation and monitoring (air, waste water, surface

water, solid waste,...) during the construction period.

Time proposed

in the EMP

Contractor,

consultant

- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE

III Operation period

1 Bad odor,

toxic gas

- Noise,

vibration

from

operation of

machinary,

equipments in

the TP

Operation of pump

and wastewater

treatment technology .

- Use of vehicles and machinery operating in

accordance with Designed standard and capacity;

- Periodically maintain pumps and treatment

equipments according to prescribed standards

- Fully equip labor protection for operators.

- Set water pump plan to avoid sensitive time

- Maintain buffer zones and green belts / grass

around the treatment plant;

Operating the

WWTP

– Project

operation unit;

- Consultant (if

any

- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

-

Indepenent

monitoring.

2

Sludge

Sludge collected from

the biological ponds.

- Periodically sucking sludge to sludge drying bed

(2-3 months); Periodically dredging wastewater

collection manholes.

- Each province can use a dedicated car for

collecting dried sludge at water treatment plant to

landfill for treatment.

- If the condition does not allow, we can arrange a

private waste area and grow some plants to collect

the pollutants, especially heavy metals (spinach,

water-fern, bindweed..). However, these plants

must then be handled as hazardous solid waste

Operating the

WWTP

- Project

operation unit;

- Consultant (if

any

- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE;

-

Indepenent

monitoring.

3 Environmental Safety for operators - Monitor ing the operation of the WW treatment Operating the - Project - Client;



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unit

problems,

labour safety

Fire and explosion

Flooding and

inundations at the

WWTPs

plant and the treated water quality regularly

(monthly), to ensure meeting class B, QCVN

14:2008/BTNMT.

- Countermeasures in case stop operating when

pollution content parameters exceed the allowable

limit of the treated water. Ventilating or open

manhole cover when carrying out the dredge.

- Providing safety equipments and proper tools

and protective clothing as well as ensure the

application of safety measures for

construction;

- - Training, training in hygiene and labour

safety, fire prevention and fighting for

personnel to operate the wastewater

treatment plant periodically twice a year

- Periodical health check 06 months / time for

operators;

- Establish regulations on environmental

protection, fire prevention and fighting for

treatment plant.

WWTP operation unit;

- Consultant (if

any

- Nghe An

DONRE;

-

Indepenent

monitoring.

6 Implementing the observation, emvironmental monitoring (surouning environment, -

Obsering the wate quality of Hieu River when operating the WTP.

Time proposed

in the EMP

Contractor,

consultant

- Client;

- Nghe An

DONRE



PCO Consultant,2010

5.2. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM (EMP)

EMP is one of the vital tools in environment management. It is the combination of scientific,

technical, technological methods and organization to control, monitor strickly and

systematically the environment alteration trends. EM also help control the sources of diposal

which causes pollution, adjust the manufacture plan and reduce the impact, regulate the costs of

pollution mitigation and processing and protect the environment effectively. EM plays a part in

the evaluation of accuracy of the environment impact forecasts which were mentioned in the

EIA report of the project.

For the project, the target of EM is to timely find out the negative impacts on environment

and propose the measures to prevent and reduce pollution. In other hand, environment quality

monitoring also ensures the safe operation of wastewater treatment plant. ESP program is

focused specifically in monitoring each subject: (1) Monitoring of waste, (2) Monitoring the

surrounding environment, (3) others such as monitoring of the depression, , traffic, socio-

economy which are presented as follows:

(1) Monitoring waste

Due to the construction of works and the emission sources of drainage and wastewater

treatment system of Thai Hoa town, Nghe An province when it comes into operation, waste is

generated primarily during the construction and operation of the project (the preparation

period has no waste). Monitoring of waste, including monitoring the total volume /

wastewater flow and monitoring pollution parameters characterizing the generated waste.

(2) Monitoring surrounding environment

The process of construction and operation of the project also causes impacts on the

surrounding environment, affecting the lives and health of communities around the project area,

so monitoring the quality of the surrounding environment is also one important factors in any

investment project.

Based on the analysis of adverse impacts on the surrounding environment mentioned in

chapter III, in addition to the measures proposed to minimize adverse environmental impacts,

the surrounding environmental monitoring program for the project during the construction and

operation period will contribute actively to ensureing environmental safety during project

implementation.

(3) Others

In addition to monitoring waste and surrounding environment, the construction and

operation periods of the project should also pay attention to monitoring some other related

factors such as erosion, landslides, depression, health and labor safety, social-economy,

community’s complaints about nuisance and environmental impacts, ...

Futhermore, during the implementation of the project, the World Bank will have an

independent supervisor (to supervise the execution of mitigation measures of the Project

Owner as committed in the EIA report) and survey, monitor environmental quality criteria to

compare with the current background environment to see the level of violation in causing

environmental pollution during the execution of the project and deal with these violations.

Drainage and wastewater treatment project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An province”



For independent environmental supervisor for each stage of the project, when

violations are discovered, non-compliance with environmental protection, environmental

pollution caused by contractors during construction period and by operation and mangement

unit during O&M period, requirements are needed:

(i) Contractor/O&M unit are required to follow mitigation measures and ensure

quality of environment as committed;

(ii) In case the contractor does not follow requirements, the independent supervisor

will inform the Project Owner as Thai Hoa People’s Committee to give timely

solutions together with the intervention of competent agencies, sponsor as

stated above.

The Project Owner may cancel or terminate the contract with the contractor if he does

not follow mitigation measures as well as ensure the environmental quality as committed.

5.2.1. Environment monitoring plan

a) Air quality and Noise Monitoring

* Objectives of monitoring of AQ and noise:

− Observe the concentration of the air pollution subtances originates from the

activities of the construction of the items; in and out the wastewater treatment

plant when it operates;

− Early notice the increase in the volume of subtances which cause air and noise

pollution to have the urgent reducing measures.

* Monitoring locations of the AQ, noise

− Focus on the safety issues in the construction period. The contractor need to

measure and observe the quanlity of atmosphere and noise in the construction

areas and surrounding resident areas…

− In the operation period, it is necessary to supervise the quality of atmosphere in

the positions of the processing assembly where the noxious gas and noise were

born (these positions already mentioned in chapter III), supervise and observe the

air and noise quality in the surrounding residential areas.

* Environmental parameters that need AQ and noise monitoring

+ Parameters in construction period:

− Meteorology: temperature, humid, wind speed, wind direction

− Suspended articles

− Noxious gas: CO2, SO2, No2

− Noise (dBA): instant noise and Octa range noise

+ Parameters in operation period

− Meteorological: temperature, humid, wind speed, wind direction

− Noxious gas: CO2, SO2, No2, H2S, CH4, NH3;

− Suspended articles




− Noise (dBA): instant noise and Octa range noise

*Monitoring frequency of AQ and noise

+ Monitoring frequency in construction period

- At waste discharing source (in construction area) : Once per 3 months;

- At the surrounding area : once per six months

+ Monitoring frequency in operation period

- At the waste discharging source (the treatment plant and wastewater pumping

station): once per three months

- In the surrounding area: Once per 6 months

*Regulations of sample analysis and applicable standards

- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on ambient air

quality

- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT – National Technical Regulations on some hazardous

substances in ambient air..

- TCVN 5949:1998 - Noise in public areas and residential areas, the maximum

allowable noise level.

- TCVN 6962:2001 - Vibration and shock. Vibration caused by construction

activities and industrial production. Maximum levels permitted for industrial and

residential..


10/10/2002 regarding the application of 21 occupational sanitation standards.

b) Water quality monitoring (WQM):

* Objectives of WQM:

Objectives of the water quality monitoring system for this area is to monitor

components of wastewater and impact of discharging water after treatment to the surface

water source of Hieu River – Thai Hoa town.

* Location of WQM:

WQM is implemented all discharing souces in wastewater treatment plant and water in

surrounding. WQM is devided into 2 kinds: WQM after treatment and WQM of waste

receiving to change in operation

- During the construction period of the project: it is necessary to observe and

monitor surface water, wastewater in the construction area and the surrounding

area.

- During the operation period: The treated wastewater from treatment plant,

monitoring the surface water quality in receiving source after treatment of the

treatment plant and surrounding area (water in Hieu River).

*Environmental parameters that need to be supervised




- Analized norms for surface water: temperature, pH, TDS, SS, DO, COD,

BOD5, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, sunfat, Coliform.

- Analized norms for treated water:, pH, BOD5, TDS, TSS, total P,

Coliform.

*Monitoring frequency

+Monitoring frequency in construction period

- At the generation source (the construction area): once per 3 month.

- Around the construction area : once per 06 months

+Monitoring frequency in operation period

- At generation source (at the treatment plant and wastewater pumping station):once

per 06 months.

*Sample analysis regulations and applicable standards

The parameters of outlet water quality of the treatment plant are sampled. These

norms are analized according to Vietnamese and international standards.

− QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation about domestic

wastewater quality;

− QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation about surface

water quality;

c, Monitoring the amount of generated waste and sludge

*During the construction period

The amount of waste and sludge generated is not big, mainly from the activities of the staff

and workers at the project area. This amount is collected daily then transported by Thai Hoa

town URENCO.

*During the operation period

According to the calculated figures, the amount of waste, sand, sludge generated at the

screens, biological ponds is rather big. Therefore, it is necessary to have the daily monitoring

program to find out and process timely the overloading problems. Signing the commercial

contract with the Thai Hoa town URENCO to collect waste from screens, gathering site and

sludge in the treatment plant constantly and periodically.

(1) The environmental parameters that need to be supervised (mainly with deposit)

The norms that need to be analized: humidity, total nitrogen, total

phosphorus, amoni, sunfat, Cr6+

, Pb, Zn, micro organism, total oragnic

(2) Monitoring frequency

Sludge is monitored once per three months.




5.2.2. The proposed environmental monitoring program for the project.

The program of monitoring the disposal, surrounding environment and other supervisions for

the ”Drainage and wastewater treatment projcet for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An province” is

mentioned in the following table:

Table 5.3: Environmental monitoring program

No Monitoring

norms

Monitoring activities Monitoring

duration

Applied standards

A CONSTRUCTION PHASE

A.I WASTE MONITORING

1 The parameters

of dust, exhaust

fumes

Monitoring dust, exhaust fumes

at construction area

Once/03

months

QCVN

05:2009/BTN

QCVN

06:2009/BTNMT

2 Construction

disposal,

excavation soil

Monitoring the total amount of

dug earth, disposal from

construction activities

(components, mass, leave-out and

processing)

Once/03

months

TCXDVN 261-2001;

The contract’s terms

and agreement with

the bidders

3 Noise,

vibration

Monitoring the noise in the

places where the noise comes out.

Once/03

months

TCVN 5948-1998

A.II SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

1 Surrounding

atmosphere

environment

Monitoring the air quality in the

”hot spot”

Once/06

months

QCVN

05:2009/BTN

QCVN

06:2009/BTNMT

2 Hydraulic

environment

(wastewater,

surface water,

underground

water)

Monitoring the quality of the

wastewater, surface water

surrounding the construction area

(especially in residential areas,

the drainage catchment near the

project)

Once/06

months

QCVN 14: 2008;

QCVN 08: 2008;

TCVN 6772-2000;

QCVN

01:2009/BYT;

QCVN 09: 2008.

3 Noise Monitoring the noise in the

sensitive spots around the

construction area

Once/06

months

TCVN 5949-1998

4 Inland and

hydraulic

ecosystem

Clarify the received water quality

and ecosystem – monitoring the

plants and basic creatures

Once/06

months

The terms in the

contract

The correspondent

Vietnamese

standards about

earth and water

quality

A.III OTHER MONITORING ACTIVITIES

1 Depression Monitor the depression in the

treatment plant

Once/06

months

2 Transportation Monitor in accordance with the

transportation management plan

and Monitor stricky the time of

Once/06

months

The contract’s terms

defined by the

Transportation




No Monitoring

norms


duration

Applied standards

execution management plan

which were verified

by the Department

of Natural Resources

and Environment,

The Department of

Transportation.

3 Health and

safety

- Periodically examine the health

of the staff and workers

- Examine, supervise the

implementation of the regulations

about hygience, labour safety

(labour protection, warning

signs...)

Once/06

months

according to

the general

requirements

Decision No

29/1999/QD-BXD;

Decress No

07/1999/TT-BXD;

Decision No

64/2003/QĐ-TTg.

4 Community

feedback

Supervise the complaints of the

community about the

inconveniences and the impacts

on environment in the

construction phase

06 times/total

construction

time

B OPERATION PHASE

B.I Waste monitoring

1 The quality of

water in and

out the

treatment plant

Supervise the water in and out the

treatment plant through the

parameters: BOD/COD and

coliform to clarify the degree of

pollution and contammination.

Onsite supervise the values of

TDS,TSS, etc.

Once per 03

months

QCVN 14: 2008;

QCVN 08: 2008;

TCVN 6772-2000;

QCVN

01:2009/BYT;

QCVN 09: 2008;

2 Wastewater

flow

Continuously supervise to define

the design capacity estimates of

the wastewater treatment plant

Once per 03

months

QCVN 14: 2008;

TCXD 188-1996;

3 Deposit from

the treatment

plant

Supervise the processing and

transporting the sludge

-Supervise the typical pollution

parameters

Once per 03

months

Contract of

operation

Contract of sample

analysis

4 Smelling from

the treatment

plant

Supervise the odour at the surface

points of the important

infrastructures: WW pumping

station, wastewater treatment .

Once per 03

months

QCVN

05:2009/BTN

QCVN

06:2009/BTNMT

5 Noise,

vibration at the

treatment plant

Supervise the noise, vibration at

the wastewater treatment plant,

wastewater transferring pumping

stations

Once per 03

months

TCVN 5948-1998

B.II SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

1 The

surrounding

atmosphere

environment

The surrounding residential areas,

the wastewater pumping station

06

months/time

QCVN

05:2009/BTN

QCVN

06:2009/BTNMT




No Monitoring

norms


duration

Applied standards

2 Water

environment

(wastewater,

surface water)

Monitoring the quality of

wastewater, surface water

surrounding the wastewater

treatment plant to determine the

pollution, leakage.

06

months/time

QCVN 14: 2008;

QCVN 08: 2008;

TCVN 6772-2000;

QCVN

01:2009/BYT;

QCVN 09: 2008;

3 Noise Supervsise the noise in the hot

spots near the treatment plant (

the nearby residential areas)

06

months/time

TCVN 5949-1998

4 Inland and

hydraulic

ecosystems

Clarify the received water quality

and ecosystem – monitoring the

plants and basic creatures

06

months/time

The terms in the

contract

The correspondent

Vietnamese

standards about

earth and water

quality

B.III Other surpervising

1 The flood

controlling

measures

Supervise the conditions of the

drainage system and define the

place of water storage.

Rainny

reason

Decision No

752/QD-TTg

2 Health and

safety

- Periodically examine the health

of the staff and workers at the

wastewater treatment plant.

- Check out the implementation

of the regulations about hygience,

labour safety and fire fighting

06

months/time

Examine

according to

the

requirements

Decision No

29/1999/QD-BXD;

Decree No

07/1999/TT-BXD;

Decision

64/2003/QĐ-TTg.

3 Socio-economy Supervise the drainage fee

collecting in the town when the

wastewater treatment system

comes into life.

- Supervise the factors which

have negative impacts on local

socio-economy

06

months/time

According to the

general regulations

about drainage fee

approved by the

People Committee

of Thai Hoa town

4 Community

complaints

Supervise the complaints of the

community about the

inconveniences and the impacts

to environment when operate the

wastewater treatment plant.

06

months/time

Following the

contract’s conditions

Remark:

1. Applied standards

- Apply standards, regulations of Viet Nam as proposed in the section

5.2.1.Environment monitoring plan and section 2.2. Standards and regulations applied.

2. The positions to supervise environment quality




The positions to supervise environment quality in the operation phase in terms of measuring,

analizing points and coincide with the sampled positions will be described in the base

environment status – chapter II of this report.

2. Cost estimation for environmental monitoring:

- Environmental mointoring cost of the construction period estimated is

70.000.000 VNĐ/period/the whole criteria as recommended above. This cost is

the budget of investment total of project.

- Environmental mointoring cost of the operation period estimated is 50.000.000

VNĐ/period/ the whole criteria as recommended above. This cost will be a part

of income from wastewatse dischage fee and allowance of local budget for

WWTP operation, especially for the first operation year.

Figure 14. Digrame of environment monitoring location

5.3. CAPACITY BUILDING

Raising awareness of the people

- The specialists are sent to receive training on protecting the environment and

preventing explosion.

- Holding the propaganda, education events about environment protection (collect,

process the waste, wastewater and hygience), labour safety (follow the labour safety

regulations..) during the execution of the work items and operation of wastewater

system for staffs, workers and operators in Thai Hoa town.

- Contruct the regulations about environment protection and fire fighting for the

treatment plant, including:

- Timely encourage the technical improvements, research works which have value in

increasing productivity, saving materials, protecting the environment and decreasing

the price

Education, training on environment and labour safety

- Education, training on environment and labour safety will increase the

competence for different target groups of the project. This will ensure the

implement of the measures to reduce the negative impacts to environment

from the bidders and wastewater treatment operating unit, specificially:

- For the Project Management Unit (PMU): higher training on monitoring

environment observation and reporting

- For the bidders: training on applying environment management plan on work,

carrying out reducing measures and observation reporting.

- For the community: the representatives of the community who are the people

in charge of environment monitoring will be trained to observe the impacts to

the environment, be informed to improve the awareness of environment and

be trained on maintainance the work during the utilization.




- For the staffs, executing and operating workers: will receive training,

information about hygience and labour safety.

Table 7: Training cost for enhancing capability of environmental safety and protection.

Content Requirement Cost estimation Amount

(VND)

Construction period.

1 Training environmental staff

of the PMU and contractors.

Number of

participants: 5

1,000,0000

VND/person

5.000.000

Hire consulting

expert: 01

3,000,000

VND/person

3.000.000

Operation period

1 Training environmental staff

(environmental monitoring

and writing report).

Number of

participants: 2

1,000,000

VND/person

2.000.000

Hire consulting

expert: 01

3,000,000

VND/person

3.000.000

2 Visit and learn experience of

environmental protection

Number of

participants : 03

1,000,000

VND/person

3.000.000

Total 16.000.000




CHAPTER VI:

PUBLIC CONSULTATION

6.1. OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

The overall target of community consulting is to study the community’s interest of the project,

especiall ones who is directly affected by the deployment and operation of the project. In this

foundation, those interests will be reasonably deal with even in the phase of preparation,

option selecting, designing and constructing the measures to reduce the negative impacts on

environment and community’s health... The targets of community consulting consist of:

- Ensure that the local authority as well as the representatives of the affected households

will have their voices in the phase of planning and pre- decision making of the authority’s

approval.

- Share the information about the items, the planned activities of the project with the

relevant parties, especially the affected people.

- Help the organizations and individuals aware of the necessity of the project, the project

development as well as other requirement and purposes of environment impact evaluation.

- At the same time, hold the events of information spreading, environment consulting,

compensation polycies, site clearance and other relevant activities.

- Listen to the ideas and interests of the community in the project, especially the direct

impacts on the life of community

- Enhance the participation of the community, bring about the chance for the direct and

indirect affected people express and suggest their ideas.

- Have the participation of the community in direct seminar. Then, improve, settle down

their disputes, suggest the technological option, suitable reducing measures,..., deal with

the disputes arose from community side about environment protection issues.

- Define the resonability and legitimacy of authority’s decisions, respond the demand of

people, consider the proposal of local community and authority.

6.4. METHOD AND ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

The method of spreading information and consulting community includes the method of quick

assessment and the method with the participation and consulting of relevant partners and use

the methods as follows:

- Deep interview (direct interview): Organize the dialogues, meeting and discussion with

local people and authoirity. The consultant supporting the Project Owner had some deep

interview with some household’s representatives and key staff (chairman, vice chairman

of people’s committee, statistical staff, land survey staff, etc) of wards, communes in the

project area during the socio-economic survey in Thai Hoa town in March, 2010.

- Gather information for questionaire survey (indirect interview) : Give the survey

questions to the local people and authority. Similar to the above, the consultant delivered

the questionaire to representatives of some households and local authority to get their

opinions.




- Group discussion: The Consultant, the Project Owner had 2 periods (in March and June ,

2010) to organize the consultation meeting with representatives of some households,

institutional organizations and local authorities, etc with approximately 30 people in one

meeting. By applying the method of participatory assessment (MPA), opinions were

collected for the project: step 1 – the first environmental consultation about current status

of environment in the project area, priorities for environmental improvement, concerned

issues of local authority and households may affected due to the construction of project

works ; Step 2 – The second environmental consultation abouth draft EIA report of the

project to receive opinions and agreement for the project implementation.

(Details of minutes of community consultation meeting, questionaire surveys mentioned

above are attached in the annex of the EIA report)

According to the regulations of the Decree 05/2008/TT- BTNMT issued on 08/12/2008 of the

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment about ” Guiding to evaluate the strategic

environment, environment impacts and commitment to protect the environment”, there are 2

objects that need to consult when reporting:

(1) The People Committees at ward/commune level

(2) The Fatherland Front Committee at ward/commune level

The PMU of the Drainage and wastewater treatment project for Thai Hoa town

(representative of the Project Owner is Thai Hoa commune People’s Committee) co-ordinate

with the PCO – the consultant for preparing EIA organizes to consult People Committees and

Fatherland Front Committee of wards/communes in the project area.

Letter No. 317/UBND-TNMT dated 12/08/2010 sent to People Committees and

Fatherland Front Committee of wards/communes with the main contents of notifying the

basic contents of the project badly affecting environment and mitigation measures will be

applied during the implementation process of construction and operation of the project.

Commit to comply with regulations, norms and standards of current law of Viet Nam.

6.3. PUBLIC CONSULTATION RESULTS

6.3.1. Consultation results of the affected people

The consultation results of the affected people in the communes/wards in the project area are

shown in the table below:



PCO Consultant,2010

Table. Public consultation results of the affected people

Form Location Discussion issues Considerations in the design Replies of the Project Owner (Thai

Hoa town People’s Committee)

I Public consultation of the step1 :

1 Interview local

residents/group

discussion

(3/2010)

6

wards/communes

of Thai Hoa

town : Hoa Hieu,

Long Son, Quang

Phong, Quang

Tien ward ; Nghia

Tien, Nghia My

commune.

- Current status of

infrastructure, water

supply, drainage, solid

waste management,

environmental

sanitation.

- Screening impacts that

may occur during

construction process

such as dust, noise,

waste water, solid waste

and traffic congestion.

- Consulting about

mitigation measures

from communities.

1. Current environmental conditions:

6 wards/communes agreed to support

the project because they realize the

benefits of improving draiange and

sanitation system of the project.

2. Impacts and mitigation measures

during construction period: In

addition, wards/communes giving

some opinions as follows:

+ The construction should be

implemented quickly.

+ Before land acquisition, it needs to

make appropriate compenstation for

people losing their agricultural

production land in Long Son and

Nghia Tien commune.

+ The site will be returned after

completion of the construction.

+ Avoid affecting the surrounding

local residents.

+ The contractor should minimize

noise, dust during construction and

rush hours.

+ Traffic signs must be prepared to

avoid congestion.

3. Impacts and mitigation measures

during operation period:

+The Feasibility Study report has clearly

stated the project implementation

schedule and construction measures to

avoid the delay.

+ Reasonable compensation for affected

households when carrying out the land

acquisition has been clearly stated in the

RP report on the basis of laws, decrees

and policy framework of the project, the

World Bank

+ Commitment the site will be returned

as the original state after completion

+ The report has proposed measures to

minimize impacts on surrounding

residents by: noise, dust, traffic, safety

signs, reasonable traffic flow division,

etc.

+ Operation: measures to reduce odors

have been proposed: distance from

residential area > 200m, as prescribed,

planting trees in the treatment plant,...

+ Sludge is treated after transportation

and dumped as prescribed.






All wards agreed with mitigation

measures during the operation phase.

2 Multi-sectoral

approach:

Sending

questionairies to

the local

-

Questionairies:

The affected

people in 6

wards/commun

es.

- Available

information

collection table

for the local

leader.

1201

households :deliv

ered with socio-

economic

questionaires.

6

wards/communes

were delivered

with the available

information

collection table

about natural,

socio-economic

conditions and

issues on water

supply, drainage

and sanitation.

- Current situation of

water supply, drainage

and sanitation.

Current situation:

- Water supply: about 34.9%

households in the project are use tap

water.

- Drainage: 68.2% of households

confirmed that local inundatins

occurred in the residential area;

56.2% said that there are only dug

small ditches; 66.7% said that

wasatewater from sanitation works of

households goes directly to garden.

- Environmental sanitation: 40.1% of

households have septic tanks, the rest

have unsanitary toilets, the efficiency

of wastewater collection only reached

about 40% of the waste volume

generated, mainly households burn

and burry in their garden,

representing 59.2%.

Data, information about this situation is

reviewed during the designing and

preparing the project.

II Public Consultation of the step 2

3 Group

discussion

The second group

discussion in June

of 2010 in 6

wards/communes

in the project

area.

- The draft EIA report.

- Mitigation measures

according to local

opinions.

- EIA draft report: All participants of

meetings agreed to the contents of

report: current situation, contents of

the project, impacts and mitigation

measures, ect.

- Mitigation measures/technical

+ Acknowledge and add in the EIA report

for submission to the competent

authorities for approval.

+ Commitment to carrying out the

mitigation measures proposed

+ Commitment to dissemination of






About 15 – 20

persons/meeting.

Applying the

participatory

assessment

method (MPA)

solutions must ensure the following

requirements:

+ Ensuring requirements on

technique, emission gas, vibrations.

+ Building and return promptly to

minimize travel and impacts on the

local life.

+ Avoid damaging sidewalk, existing

infrastructures: transportation,

electricity, cable, etc.

+ Dissemination of information about

contractor and the construction site,

contact unit is needed so that the

local people may reflect issues

relating to environmental safeguard

to the relevant stakeholders.

+There should be sanctions or fines

against the contractor deliberately

repeat violations of environmental

safeguard.

+ However, they are not clear about

the actual impacts when the plant is

put into operation. Most of them

concern about the impacts of the

operation period such as bad odor,

flies, insects and bacteria from sludge

caused, especially in the rivers.

information to local communities during

the project implementation.

(Details of MoM enclosed in the annex of the EIA report.)



PCO Consultant,2010

6.3.2. Results of local authorities consultation.

Comments to the group of specialists of the Consultant,PMU, Fatherland Committees,

Peoples’ Committee of wards/communes in Thai Hoa town with the main contents as follows:

- The People Commitees, the Fatherland Front Commitees of the ward in the project

area supported the implementation of the project. There, the project staff and

consultants gave information about the project, propagandized about the purposes and

benefits of the project- when the project complete, the people will live in a healthy

environment, less pollution, and hygience.

- The locals will provide every good conditions, support the implementation of the

project, especially the land taking-back in the phase of site clearance and the phase of

constructing the work’s items

- Through the EIA report, the People Commitees and the Fatherland Front Committees

agreed with the issues stated in the report. The impacts of the projects mostly are

positive. However, in the phase of deploying, especially in the construction period of

work’s items, there are certainly some impacts on environment and the lives of local

people.

- Suggest the Project Owner undertake to reduce the negative impacts caused by the

implementation of project as well as the environment quality management anf

observation

- The Fatherland Commitees and the People Committees are willing to coordiante to

settle down the issues in the phase of deploying the project.

(Detaisl of these decrees are attached in the appendix of this report)

6.6. DISCLOSURE

Beside the community consultation, the information popularization in the project area

is also very important. According to the environmental safety policies regulated by WB, the

Client/ project steering board/project preparation board must popularize all the project

information to the community. Thus, the Thai Hoa town project also requires community

consultation, information popularization.

Project Steering Committee / Board to prepare projects has to confirm with the bank

that the final EIA report (in Vietnamese) was announced to the locals uring the project

preparation. Also the environmental reports must also be sent to the Vietnam Development

Information Center (VDIC) for storage and information. The notification of the environmental

Impact assessment report must be conducted before implementing the project.

On that basis, the environmental protection commitment for the projects in Thai Hoa

town will be conducted as follows:

• To be exhibited publicly at the offices of Nghe An Provincial People's Committee

with: (1) Draft on 1/8/2010, (2) The official (after the approval of Thai Hoa DPC) on

1/10/2010 (two month after sending the manuscript).




• To Save files at Nghe An provincial PMU office of clean Water and rural sanitation

(address: Kim Tan – Hoa Hieu ward – Thai Hoa town – Nghe An province) for the

public to access the expecte time mentione above: (1) Draft on 1/8/2010, (2) The

official (after the approval of Thai Hoa town People’s Committee) on 1/10/2010 (two

month after sending the manuscript).

• To Display the official version (attached copy appendix, approval of EIA report of

Thai Hoa town People’s Committee and Minutes of community consultations)

scheduled on 30/10/2010 at the Vietnam Information Center of the World Bank

(Vidic), floor 2 - No. 63 Ly Thai To – Hanoi.

• Advertising (upload) on the web: http:// www.worldbank.org, soft copy of final report

(attached copy of the annex of the approval letter for the Environmental Impact

Assessment of Nghe An province and Minutes of public consultation meeting)

scheduled on 12/01/2010.




CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

I. CONCLUSION

1. The “Drainage and wastewater treatment project for Thai Hoa town, Nghe An province”

is a project of improvement and completion of the equipments and local infrastructures

mechanism and also one of the environmental friendly activities. The overall impact of the

project is positive, satisfies the people’s demand of a drainage and environment sanitation

service. So, it is a effective tool for the management, direction and environment protection.

2. This is one of the environment friendly projects among the investment projects of Nghe An

province. It provide the local people the synchronous drainage work, improve the living

conditions, increase awareness to protect the environment. So, the project responded the

expectation of the people about a healthy environment and contributed to beautify the urban

scenery, attractive to tourists and investors.

3.The scientific figures in this report confirm that the position and the wastewater treatment

technology is the best selection for Thai Hoa town and ensure the norms after processed

reached the environmental standards.

4. The problems arose from the phase of site clearance is not big, the existing land area is not

crowded and do not have important architecture, no tomb, no temple. This is very

advantageous for the project.

5. The problem arose from the phase of site clearance and constructing the items are:

- Exhaust fumes, dust and noise caused by the transporting and executing

vehicles, the activities of install the sewers, drainage of rain-water and wastewater.

- The wastewater of the local people and the workers at the temporary camps

- The solid waste of the workers in the field

These impacts only happen in the phase of construction and can totally overcome by the

reducing measures mentioned in chaper IV

6. The environment impacts includes:

The drainage system may not come into effect, the flood and waterlogging will happen if:

- The system to collect the rain water is broken, blocked by rock, earth or waste

- The dranage ditch is occupied by the people to build houses

- The consciousness to protect the environment, public works is not good, there

is no appropriate commendation or punishment

The quality of the wastewater after treatment may not reach the permitted standards because:

- There are poisonous substances in the wastewater or the processing is not

completed totally. It is necessary to have the specific mechanism for management

and punishment the disposal of the enterprises and manufacture units in the town.

- The pipes are blocked or broken due to the people’s activities (waste, road

digging, building house...)




- The activities of the treatment plant can affect the surrounding atmosphere

environment by the odour from the biologic processing ditches and the sludge

processing area.

However, these impacts can be overcome by the effective methods: monitoring the steps of

processing technology, monitoring the wastewater quality periodically, examine and maintain

the equipments, machines of the treatment plants, the sewers, community education....

7. Environmental Managament Plan will be carried out seriously by the management and

operation units along with the coordination and direction of the local environment

management agency. The target of the environment quality monitoring program are: strickly

manage and limit the change of environment in the bad side, ensure the wastewater quality

reaches the current vietnamese standards.

8. By following seriously the regulations about environment and the proposals to reduce

pollution mentioned in this report, surely that the project will come into effect and gain the

positive impacts on socio-economy and environment.

II. RECOMMENTATIONS

1. Administrative organization on environment in Thai Hoa town supports Project Owners to

train and improve the awareness and skills of staff and workers n wastewater treatment plants;

organize the education session in community to raise awareness of environmental protection

for local people

2. To make drainage system and wastewater treatment plants of Thai Hoa town actually

operate effectively, the State management on environment should propose administrative

measures which force industrial production units generating wastewater to build a separate

wastewater treatment system meeting standard class B, QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT: National

technical standards about industrial wastewater to before discharging it to the centralized

wastewater collecting system.

3. The Project Owner must have plan in giving sanctions accompanied with the project to

submit Nghe An Provincial People’s Committee for review and approval.

4.It is proposed that Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Nghe An carries

out an assessment, approves the report which assesses environmental impacts and issues

licenses to let project soon to be implemented. Simultaneously these documents are the base

for managing and protecting environment when project is put into operation.

5. In the framework of this project, it only resolves pollution problem caused by rain water,

wastewater and solid waste, especially domestic solid waste. To make Thai Hoa town actually

become a green, clean and beautiful city, it needs a different project - project of constructing a

hygiene waste processing yard. It is suggested that authorities and relevant organization

propose a satisfactory measures.




IX. COMMITMENTS OF THE PROJECT OWNER

Based on the environmental impacts arising from the operation of the project and the

terms of the Environmental Protection Law, decrees, circulars, decisions and ordinances on

environmental protection, the Project Owner – Thai HoaTown People's Committee commits

to implement the environmental management and monitoring program as outlined in Chapter

5; implementation of commitments to the community as outlined in Chapter 6 of the

Environmental Impact Assessment report; complying the general regulations on

environmental protection related to the phases of the project, as follows:

1. Commitments in basic construction:

- During construction, the Project Owner will comply with the steps prescribed

by the Government in the Decree 12/CP on management of construction

investment.

- Complying with regulations on design, basic construction and transportation of

construction materials.

- Collection and timely handling of waste generated during construction phase.

Spoil soil and rock, ground leveling soil, and other construction materials will

be gathered at the prescribed place with appropriate measures.

- Implementing well the policies on saving materials and resources

- Observing strictly regulations on labor safety and fire prevention. Timely

rescueing incidents, risk and natural disaster prevention.

- Building sufficiently and appropriately the environmental protection works

before the project operation.

- When performing the construction, comply with current regulations and the

decision on approving the project of Nghe An Provincial People’s Committee.

2. Commitments in the project operation period:

The Project Owner, operation and management unit commit to fully implement waste

treatment measures as follows:

- Smelling treatment: strictly following measures to reduce bad odors as

proposed in Chapter IV; Planting trees with an area of 10 - 15% of the total

land area surrounding the treatment plant, ensuring the treatment of bad odor

sludge generated from wastewater treatment plant ...

- For water resources: surface water resource protection in receiving source

(Hieu river); wastewater generated from daily acitivites of workers and the

storm water overflows at the waste water treatment plant is guaranteed as

proposed in the report (presented in Chapter IV) before being discharged into

the combined drainage system.

- Commitment on the treated water quality of waste water treatment plant

meeting QCVN 14:2008 / BTNMT with Cmax value, Column B.

- Solid waste treatment:

+ Domestic solid waste: equippe waste containers; arrange sanitation workers

to collect waste everyday, supervising the collection and treatment of operating

unit or the services.




+ Sludge: collected to the separate containers, treated for fertilizer or burried in

sanitary landfills.

+ Other commitments:

- Commitment on compensation when environmental incidents causing damage

- Ensuring labour safety, fire and explosion prevention and other incidents, other

environmental risks.

- Commitment on managing the project activities in accordance with the law

(effective waste treatment, and continuous operation of wastewater treatment

plant).

- Implement fully the regulations on reasonable use, saving resources and

environmental protection.

- Co-ordinate closely with the Department of Natural Resources and

Environment of Nghe An province in the inspection and environmental

monitoring under the current regulations.

- Commitment on implementing the waste environment monitoring program (for

the project area, once every 3 months (4 times/year); for the surrounding areas,

once every 6 months (2 times/year ).

3. Commitments on following the environmental standards:

Implement the mitigation measures of environmental pollution in the process of

project operation according to the contents of the environmental impact assessment report,

Commit to comply strictly with Vietnames environmental standards and environmental

protection commitments.

- For treated water quality: The Project Owner commit to ensure the output

quality meeting QCVN 14 :2008/BTNMT, Colum B.

- For solid waste and sludge, the Project Owner commits to collect, store and

treat complying with regulations.

- Commitment to follow Decision No.22/2006/QĐ-BTNMT dated 18/12/2006

of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on forcing to applying

Vietnamese environmental standard.

- Commitment to follow Decision No.16/2008/QĐ-BTNMT dated 31/12/2008

of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on the issuance of national

environmental technical regulations.

- Commitment to implement regulations, decisions and circulars stated in

report.

- Commitment to compensate in case of environmental incidents and risks.

- Every year, using funds to perform environmental monitoring program. The

monitoring data will be fully updated to report periodically to the management

agency.

- Commitment to comply with the terms of the approval decision in this report.




APPENDIX