Eere.energy.gov1 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 Windows and Doors WEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN FUNDAMENTALS

eere.energy.gov1 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012

Windows and Doors

WEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN FUNDAMENTALS

WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012


By attending this session, participants will be able to:

• List correct window terminology.

• State how windows lose and gain heat.

• Explain the savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) for window and door replacement compared to other building shell retrofits.

• Identify various methods and materials for window and door treatments.

• Discuss recommended window and door replacement criteria.

• Identify methods and techniques for replacing windows and doors.

Learning Objectives

WINDOWS & DOORS


History

• Window and door treatments were common before cost-effectiveness requirements.

• Very popular with clients.

• Met required material-to-labor cost ratios.

• Before blower doors were common, couldn’t quantify envelope leakage.

WINDOWS & DOORS

Photo courtesy of US Department of Energy


State of the Practice

• Blower doors identify air-sealing opportunities.

• Computerized energy audits list measures in order of SIR. Windows and doors rank low.

• Window and door replacement is far less common.

WINDOWS & DOORS


Solar Energy

Solar Heat Gain Through Double Pane Insulated Window

Principles

Radiation to indoorsRadiation to indoors

Net solar transmission

Net solar transmission

Heat absorbedby glass

Heat absorbedby glass

ReflectedReflected

WINDOWS & DOORS

Graphic developed for the US DOE WAP Standardized Curricula


Glazing Assembly

U-factor SHG

Single glass 1 0.87

Standard insulated glass

0.50 0.75

Low-e, high SHGC insulated glass

0.30 0.74

Low-e, low SHGC insulated glass

0.30 0.41

Comparison of SHGC and U-Factor

WINDOWS & DOORS



NFRC Window Label

The NFRC rates windows on:

•U-factor.

•Solar heat gain coefficient.

•Visible Transmittance.

•Air leakage.

•Condensation resistance.

WINDOWS & DOORS


Heat Loss, Standard Window Assembly

• Radiation from indoors to outdoors

• Conduction throughglass and spacers

• Convection adjacent to interior and exterior glass surfaces

Indoors

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• Low-e coating on outdoor side of inner pane

• Improved spacer

• Gas filled air space

Heat Loss, Improved Window Assembly

Improved spacerImproved spacer

Low-e coatingLow-e coating

Gas filled air spaceGas filled air space

Indoors

WINDOWS & DOORS



Window Terminology

TrimTrim

Glass PlaneGlass Plane

Head JambHead Jamb

Upper SashUpper Sash

Side JambSide Jamb

Lower SashLower Sash

StopStop

Sill (sloped)Sill (sloped)

Typical Wood Window

Exterior

WINDOWS & DOORS



Window Types

Awning PictureCasement SliderDouble Hung

WINDOWS & DOORS


Window Treatments

Where applicable:

• Replace broken glass

• Replace broken sash locks

• Weatherstrip meeting rails and sliding surfaces

• Install pulley seals

• Caulk interior trim

V-ChannelsV-Channels

StopStopUpper SashUpper Sash

Lower SashLower Sash

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Glass Replacement

• Remove broken pane.• Measure opening, and

cut new pane from glass sheet.

• Install, point, and glaze replacement pane.

WINDOWS & DOORS

Photo courtesy of the US Department of Energy


Guidelines for Window Replacement

Window replacement is not cost-effective unless:• The existing window creates a hazard to health, safety, or building

durability.• The existing window is damaged or weathered beyond repair and

the replacement material and labor cost is less than the cost of repair.

Always attempt to repair or improve existing windows before considering replacement.

• Window replacement should not be considered a measure to reduce air infiltration or as a health and safety measure.

Window selection should reflect the climate.• Choose high SHGC in cold climates and low SHGC in hot climates.• Look for low-e coatings on interior panes in cold climates and on

exterior panes in hot climates.

WINDOWS & DOORS


In-Jamb Replacement Method (Double Hung Window)

• Remove existing frame, sash pulley weights etc.

Tip: Score all painted joints with a sharp utility knife prior to removalof window trim. Use a thin bladed pry bar to prevent marring the trim.

• Install a complete vinyl unit that fits inside the existing frame against the exterior window stops.

• Seal perimeter with low expanding foam to ensure an air tight installation.

• Reinstall existing interior trim and seal with caulk.

• Always employ lead safe work practices when lead based paint will be disturbed.

WINDOWS & DOORS


In-jamb Replacement Method(Double Hung Window)WINDOWS & DOORS



In-Jamb Replacement Method(Double Hung Window)WINDOWS & DOORS









• Windows and Doors

1. Protect the floor2. Wet surfaces prior to removal

3. Clean as you go 4. Dispose of old windows properly

Photos courtesy of US Department of Energy


Always install factory replacement single-hung or “slider” units that include self-storing storm windows.

Mobile Home Jalousie Windows

WINDOWS & DOORS



Measure rough openings and acquire the replacements before removing any windows from the home.

Always insist on factory-replacement windows.

Mobile Home Window Replacement

WINDOWS & DOORS

Photos courtesy of the US Department of Energy


Other Allowable Window Treatments

• Interior storm windows

• Moveable insulation systems

• Education, encouraging clients to use:

– Simple methods for high and low ventilation during warm periods

– Draperies during cold periods

WINDOWS & DOORS



Doors

• Replacements are not cost effective because of their high cost and relatively low impact on energy savings.

• Potentially significant air leakage and comfort issues are due to operational problems and poor seals.

WINDOWS & DOORS



Door Terminology

HingeHinge

Hinge StileHinge Stile

StopStop

JambJamb

CasingCasing

ThresholdThresholdBottom RailBottom Rail

Lock RailLock Rail

Lock StileLock Stile

MullionMullion

Top RailTop Rail

PanelPanel

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SweepSweep

ThresholdThreshold

Door Repair and Replacement

Replace doors only when cost-effective as an envelope measure.

•Reduce air leakage.•Ensure proper closure.

Weatherization measures must have an SIR equal to or greater than 1.

WINDOWS & DOORS



• Replace the existing door with a solid core wood door blank.

Use this method only if the existing rough opening is reasonably square and the frame is in good shape.

• Consider a pre-hung energy efficient unit that will fit the rough opening.

This is accomplished in much less time than retrofitting a door blank.

• Manufacture doors on site for special situations such as open coal access areas adjacent to conditioned basements.

• Must employ lead-safe work practices when lead-based paint will be disturbed.

Notes on Door Replacement

WINDOWS & DOORS


• Use a factory replacement exterior pre-hung single door unit.

• Door framing may have to be replaced or the floor repaired.

Mobile Home Doors

WINDOWS & DOORS



• Replace deteriorated doors with factory replacements.

• Specify louvered doors if the home has fossil-fueled appliances to ensure adequate combustion air.

Mobile Home DHWT Closets

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• Window and door retrofits should be limited to minor repairs and weatherstripping.

• Window and door replacements are generally not cost-effective and should only be considered as a last resort.

• Consider the climate when selecting replacement windows.

• Use lead-safe work practices when disturbinglead-based paint.

• Follow manufacturer’s instructions for measuring, specifying, and installing windows.

Summary

WINDOWS & DOORS

Documents

Eere.energy.gov1 | WEATHERIZATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM STANDARDIZED CURRICULUM – July 2012 Windows and Doors WEATHERIZATION INSTALLER/TECHNICIAN FUNDAMENTALS