East Malling Rootstock Club - East Malling Research Station · Preliminary apple trial (RF185) M306-20 • tree volume was significantly greater than all other stocks in the trial

East Malling Rootstock Club Policy Group meeting

15th September 2017

Preliminary apple trial (RF185)

• Planted 2012 • Four NIAB-EMR rootstock selections :

M306-6 M306-20 M306-79 M306-189

• Standards M9, M106 and MM116 • ‘Gala’ under conventional orchard management


M306-6 • Girth measurements, fruit size and yield were greater than M116 (ns) • Highest cumulative yield (ns) • Yield efficiency similar to MM106 and M116 • Fruit size was better than with M116, with a higher percentage of large

fruit (>55m: 99% for M306-6 v 77% for M116) • Note: one tree was suffering from canker in 2016.

WAA susceptible


M306-20 • tree volume was significantly greater than all other stocks in the trial • significantly greater weight of wood removed during pruning • total yield was the second highest, only being surpassed by M306-6 • high cumulative yield was greater (ns) than the standards. • however yield efficiency was relatively low (ns), compared to M116

Similar results to 2015

WAA susceptible


M306-79 • similar to M9 in terms of vigour, with a similar mean girth and tree volume

(slightly larger although not significant) • slightly lower (ns) yield with a lower proportion of large fruit than M9

(>65mm: 57% for M306-79 v 87% for M9), in contrast to previous years • cumulative yield was very similar to M9

WAA susceptible


M306-189 • significantly narrower girth and smaller tree volume than the other stocks • tree volume approximately one-third of the volume of M9 • total and cumulative yields were lower than for all the other stocks • Highest yield efficiency (ns), but approximately half of that achieved with

M9



Rootstock Girth (cm)

Tree volume (m3)

Pruning weight (g)

Cumulative yield 2013-15 (kg)

Yield efficiency (kg/cm2)

M306-6 13.2a 11.9b 871a 38.9 2.8 M306-20 13.8a 17.1a 896a 35.2 2.4 M306-79 9.3b 6.3d 239b 30.0 4.4 M306-189 6.0c 1.9e 171c 12.8 4.6

M9 8.7b 5.4d 311bc 26.2 4.5 MM106 11.0b 7.2cd 499b 30.7 2.9 M116 11.0b 9.7bc 578b 23.7 2.5

SED (17 d.f.) 1.0 2.6 147.2 8.1 1.0 Significance *** *** *** ns ns LSD p=0.05 2.1 4.3 310.5 7.1 2.1


Rootstock

Mean yield per tree (kg) Mean number of fruit per tree

65

mm

55-6

5

mm

<55

mm

To

tal

65

mm

55-6

5

mm

<55

mm

To

tal

M306-6 12.8 6.8 0.2 19.8 91 72 3 165 M306-20 5.7 9.7 2.4 17.8 43 111 40 194 M306-79 8.4 5.9 0.4 14.7 66 62 7 135 M306-189 3.5 1.9 0.2 5.6 28 22 4 53

M9 14.5 2.1 0.1 16.6 92 22 2 115 MM106 7.3 5.7 0.3 13.4 58 62 6 126 M116 1.5 6.6 2.4 10.5 13 74 62 149

SED (17 d.f.) 4.5 3.6 1.0 5.3 32 41 26 57 Significance ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns LSD p=0.05 9.4 7.6 2.1 11.2 67 86 56 120

Preliminary pear trial (RF187) • Planted 2014 • 10 NIAB-EMR selections, scion ‘Conference’, compared to Quince A • Significant differences in terms of girth, height and tree volume • Two trees on PQ37-3 were dead, leaving only two replicates for analysis in

the trial. • PQ37-5 that gave a significantly smaller tree in terms of girth, height and

tree volume than all of the other selections tested • PQ37-2 and PQ39-5 had a significantly larger tree volume than the

standard (Quince A) • The remaining selections were otherwise not significantly different from

the standard at this early stage of trialling. • These results correlate well with those reported in 2015.

Preliminary pear trial (RF187) Girth (cm)

Height

(cm)

Number of

suckers

Tree volume

(m3)

PQ37-2 11.6a 25.8a 0.0 2.5a

PQ37-3 6.5d 22.4abc 0.0 0.5b

PQ37-5 4.1e 11.0 e 0.0 0.1c

PQ37-7 10abc 20.3bc 0.0 0.7b

PQ37-8 7.2d 15.3d 1.0 0.5b

PQ38-2 7.1d 21.8abc 3.0 0.4b

PQ39-1 8.3cd 21.8abc 0.3 0.6b

PQ39-3 8.5bcd 20.0c 0.0 1.3ab

PQ39-4 7.1d 24.3ab 2.0 1.3ab

PQ39-5 10.8ab 21.8abc 0.0 2.5a

Quince A 10abc 23.8abc 0 1.2b

SED (28 d.f.) 1.2 2.0 1.1 0.6

Significance *** *** ns *

LSD p=0.05 2.4 4.2 2.2 1.2

Second stage apple trial (EE207)

• Planted 2010 • Five NIAB-EMR rootstock selections :

AR852-3 AR839-9 B24 R104 R59

• Standards M27, M9 and M26 • ‘Gala’ & ‘Braeburn’ under conventional orchard management


AR852-3 ‘Braeburn’ • less productive than it had been

in 2014 & 2015 • yield comparable to M9 • fruit size remained high • yield efficiency & tree volume

similar to M9 • cumulative total yield & yield

efficiency similar to M9 • higher cumulative yield of fruit

>65mm than M9 • numbers of suckers was very

low

AR852-3 ‘Gala’ • as with ‘Braeburn’, gave a

comparable yield to M9 • fruit size was relatively small, in

contrast to previous years’ results and ‘Braeburn’

• yield efficiency was similar to M9 • vigour was greater than both M9

and M26 • tree volume similar to that

measured when grown with a ‘Braeburn’ scion

WAA & fireblight resistant?


AR839-9 ‘Braeburn’ • similar in many respects to M9 • giving a similar:

• yield • proportion of fruit >65mm • tree girth • number of suckers

• BUT vigour (tree volume) less than M9

• cumulative yield & yield efficiency less than M9

AR839-9 ‘Gala’ • yield & proportion of fruit >65mm

similar to M9 • total yield slightly higher than both M9

and M26 • cumulative yield and yield efficiency

were greater than for M26 but slightly less than for M9

• vigour (tree volume) was most similar to M9

Fireblight susceptible


B24 ‘Braeburn’ • greatest vigour • highest pruning weight • highest total yield in 2016 • cumulative yield similar to M9 • BUT yield efficiency 2nd lowest

B24 ‘Gala’ • greatest vigour • highest total yield in 2016 • cumulative total and class 1 yield

greater than for M9 • BUT yield efficiency was significantly

lower than both M9

Fireblight Susceptible, WAA resistant


R104 ‘Braeburn’ • greater vigour than M26 and M9 • girth similar to M26 • 2nd highest total yield in 2016,

repeating the high-yielding pattern exhibited in 2013-15

• yield was much higher than for M26 but more similar to M9

• 2nd highest cumulative total yield

• higher yield efficiency than M26, similar to M9.

• less suckering than the controls

R104 ‘Gala’ • vigour most similar to M9, but with a

larger girth and over double the pruning weight

• relatively high yield in 2016, • but yield of class 1 fruit size was low • cumulative yield was lower than M9

and M26 • yield efficiency lowest of all the

rootstocks tested



R59 ‘Braeburn’ • similar in many respects to M27 • comparable yield in 2016, • but with a higher cumulative yield

and yield efficiency • vigour & girth similar to M27 • BUT smaller fruit size • no suckers (1.5 per tree on M27)

R59 ‘Gala’ • similar in many respects to M27 • BUT unlike with ‘Braeburn’ had a lower

yield • but with a higher cumulative yield, • and yield efficiency (ns) • vigour & girth similar to M27

WAA & fireblight susceptible


‘Braeburn’ ‘Gala’

Second stage apple trial (VF224)

• Planted 2010 • Four NIAB-EMR rootstock selections :

AR10-3-9 AR809-3 AR835-11 R80

• Standards M116 & M106 • ‘Red Falstaff’ under organic orchard management


AR10-3-9 • similar to M116 in terms of vigour and yield efficiency, • but with a slightly lower yield, both in 2016 of and cumulatively (ns) AR809-3 • significantly smaller girth size and tree volume than all the other rootstocks

as has been noted in the previous years (2012-2015) • yield was lower in every category than all other rootstocks tested WAA & fireblight susceptible

WAA & fireblight susceptible


AR835-11 • largest tree volume, significantly greater than all other stocks with the

exception of R80 • total yield was slightly higher than M116 • fruit size was large, as noted in previous years • total cumulative yield and yield efficiency were similar to M116 • cumulative yield of large fruit (>65mm) was significantly greater than M116

Fireblight resistant?


R80 • high total yield (as in previous years), significantly higher than AR809-3 and

MM106. • cumulative yield which was greater than all the other stocks in • large tree volume which was larger than MM106, and only surpassed in

volume by AR835-11.



Canadian rootstock trial (SP250)

• Nine Canadian rootstock selections compared to M9, M26, M27 and MM106

• ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Gala’ under conventional orchard management • Planted 2014 • Due to errors during propagation the trial was planted with an

unbalanced experimental design and some of the rootstocks are only present with one of the two scion varieties

Braeburn Gala Braeburn and Gala

SJM127 SJM15 SJM167

SJM188 SJM189 SJP84-5217

SJP84-5162 SJP84-5231 SJP84-5174

Canadian rootstocks –Tree volume and girth

Canadian rootstocks – Total yield and number of fruit

Canadian rootstocks – Yield efficiency

Documents

East Malling Rootstock Club - East Malling Research Station · Preliminary apple trial (RF185) M306-20 • tree volume was significantly greater than all other stocks in the trial