미세조직 관찰 및 시편준비 · 2018. 6. 28. · File name:미세조직 관찰 및 시편준비 , [email protected] 본 자료는 R&B Inc.의 자료로 무단 복사 및

www.randb.co.kr, [email protected]
R&B Inc. . 1/13

File name:
R&B Inc. . 2/13
) Technical Note TN 00-12
Content
4.2. Mounting 4.2.1 Hot compression mounting 4.2.2 Cold mounting
4.3 Grinding & Polishing 4.3.1 Grinding 4.3.2 Polishing
4.3.3
4.4.5 (Thermal Etching)
4.5
4.5.7 Replica()
5. Trouble Shooting
5.1 Scratch ()
5.2 Deformation ()
5.7 Contamination ()
5.8 Embedded abrasive 5.9 Lapping tracks 5.10 Staining 5.11 Comet tail
File name:
R&B Inc. . 3/13
1.

.
. (Deformation, Scratch, Pull-out,
, Smearing, Relief, Edge rounding, )
.
.
. Grinding
Grinding Polishing .
2.
.
, , , ( )
. R&D
.
.
-
.
.
Sample .
-
.
Vibrating scriber Mounting Sample tag
Mounting . Report form
.
: , , , ,
: , , , ,
: , , ,
: , Grain size, , , , .
3.
. - Macro, Micro-
hardness test, Inclusion rate, Grain size , Image analysis . ASTM
.
E-3 Preparation of Metallographic Specimens E-7 Standard Terminology Relating to Metallography E-45 Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel E-112 Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size E-340 Macroetching Metals and Alloys E-381 Standard Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings E-384 Test for Microhardness of Materials E-407 Microetching Metals and Alloys E-562 Recommended Practice for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Point Count E-588 Recommended Practice for Detection of Large Inclusions in Bearing Quality Steel by the Ultrasonic Method E-768 Standard Practice for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Analysis of Steel E-807 Standard Practice for Metallographic Laboratory Evaluation E-883 Standard Guide for Reflected-Light Photomicrography
4.
(Polished surface)
. , , .
.
(Sectioning or Cutting)
Abrasive cutter, Diamond cutter .
.
Rough grinding
R&B Inc. . 4/13
Belt surface Disc grinder .
Mounting
Grinding
Sand paper Rotating disc . P #1000
(#600, USA) Sand paper
. Lapping machine
.
Polishing
Grinding (#1000 Sand paper) Polishing cloth
polishing .
Etching
Polishing .
.

.
4.1 (Sectioning and Cutting)
Abrasive cut-off machine, Band saw, Diamond saw . ,
, , .
‘Abrasive wet cutting’ . Abrasive cutting
Abrasive() Binder Cutting wheel ()

, Wheel .
Wheel . Abrasive size
Damage . Abrasive Delicate
Cutting . Wheel Ceramic
Diamond wheel . Low speed saw
200RPM Wheel Wheel 0.006~0.005 3
5 . SiC Alumina abrasive cutoff wheel
Wheel . Wheel Diamond wheel
. Wheel Clamping Wheel
Wheel Wheel Wheel
1mm Wheel 0.2mm~0.55mm .
Diamond cutter .
4.2. Mounting
Grinding Polishing
Mounting . Mounting
, , .
Mounting Hot compression mounting
Mounting press Cold mounting
Castable . Mounting Grease
.
Polishing Polishing .
Mold Mounting .
4.2.1 Hot compression mounting
Mounting press
.
.
mold .
Phenolic , Acrylic , Epoxy . Phenolic
Diallyl phthalates Epoxy resins
Mounting . Acrylic
. .
Mounting .
File name:
R&B Inc. . 5/13
Hot mounting defect
Radial Split Edge
Mold

Mold .

Plastic
Molding
Circumferential Split
, Molding
Powder
Powder Pressing .
Burst

.
Un fused

Molding pressure
Curing .

Curing Cooling

Mold
Bulging -
-
.
Curing .
Void

Mounting

Crack .
.
R&B Inc. . 6/13
4.2.2 Cold mounting
Hot mounting
Mold
. 150°C
Hot compression mounting . Ceramic
. Cold mounting
. Curing Microwave
. .
.
Epoxy
Cold mounting
Curing . Epoxy .
Acrylic
Curing . .
Acrylic .
Polyester
Cold mounting defect

Oven cure
Resin

Bubbles Mount
Resin Agitating
.
Soft mount Mount
Resin-
Resin –
.
.
Mounting , Mounting
, , .
Hot mounting Mounting
.
Cold mounting . Mounting
press Mounting .
Mounting Mold (Release agent)
. Mold 3mm .
Cold mounting Vacuum impregnation .
File name:
R&B Inc. . 7/13
4.3 Grinding & Polishing
Know-how
. Polishing
.

.
4.3.1 Grinding
60 mesh 120,
240, 320, 400, 600 mesh Sand paper . Grit size
, Band saw Grinding grit 60 grit 120 grit ,
Abrasive cutter 120~240 grit, Wire saw Diamond saw
320~400 grit Grinding . Grinding Paper
Wet grinding . Wet grinding

.
Grinding 45-90 . Grinding
Scratch Polishing
Scratch .
.
. Grinding SiC, Emery, Alumina, Diamond, Boron carbide .
SiC , .
Alumina SiC ,
, . SiC Emery
. Dry grinding Wet grinding
Kerosene
.
Emery Alumina Iron oxide SiC Alumina .
SiC ,
SiC .
4.3.2 Polishing
600grit (P1000) grinding , Scratch , .
Polishing Coarse Fine Coarse (rough) polishing 30~1 micron
Fine polishing 1 micron .
Rough polishing 1 Low lap Nap Cloth
, Fine polishing Low-medium, High nap cloth . Polishing
Grinding . Polishing
. Damage
Edge rounding, Relief .
.
Polishing Polishing cloth

. Polishing Factor
Comet tail, Pull out, Edge rounding
. Polishing
(Polishing cloth ) . Wheel
. . Grinding Sand paper
90 . Sand paper
.
4.3.3
(Abrasive)
Diamond powder Alumina Rough grinding
Oxide polishing Diamond .
2.5~3 Polishing cloth
Nap Cloth .
File name:
R&B Inc. . 8/13
. Polishing
.
Alumina Fine polishing 1, 0.3, 0.05 micron
Suspension Powder Polishing . Gamma Alpha .
Gamma alpha (MORS 9.0) . (MORS 8.0). Gamma alumina Cubic
crystal Alpha alumina Hexagonal . Fine polishing
Alumina Colloidal silica .
Alumina Gamma (MORS 8) Alpha (MORS 9, 2000 HV) phase
Fine polishing SiC .
Cutting .
Jell Alpha alumina Calcining Gamma
alumina .
Calcined 0.05 um gamma alumina 5 .
Polishing Aluminum, Tin, Lead, Copper Soft steels
Scratch . Alpha alumina
(<0.5 ) Final polishing . Jell Alpha
alumina suspension Scratching, Cutting , , ,
Suspensions .
Diamond Cubic
. Polycrystalline diamond
, 1 micron Alumina
Diamond .
Rough polishing Diamond Scratch, , , ,
, , .
.
Diamond Aerosol(suspension) Paste .
Polycrystalline diamond Synthetic Natural mono-crystalline diamond
. , , , Blocky shaped,
Hexagonal micro-crystallites, , Mono-crystalline diamond 300% ,

Silica colloidal suspension Final polishing Diamond scratch
. Polishing Polishing agent Cloth
. Scratch
. SiC Hexagonal-rhombohedral
2500 Hv . Cutting
Grinding . SiC Cutting . Colloidal
silica Final polishing Chemical
mechanical polishing (CMP) Fine
, Zeta potential .
Polishing . Colloidal silica
Polishing suspension . , Ceramics, Composites Soft metals
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) . 0.05
0.07 Alkaline pH 9.5 . pH Colloidal silica
Suspension . Polishing
Diamond Mechanical . Colloidal silica
Chemical mechanical polishing Ceramics Minerals
. Polishing 10-15
. Colloidal silica
.
Magnesium oxide . Final
polishing Slurry Powder Carbonates Scratch
. Iron oxide 3 micron
Rough polishing Chromic oxide 1, 0.05 micron
Rough Final polishing . Cerium oxide 1 micron
Soft metal, , Copper Final polishing .
File name:
R&B Inc. . 9/13
numbering
European (P-grade)
European (P-grade)
60 60 250.0 P360 320 40.5
80 80 180.0 P400 35.0
100 100 150.0 P500 360 30.2
120 120 106.0 P600 400 25.8
150 150 90.0 P800 21.8
180 180 75.0 P1000 500 18.3
220 220 63.0 P1200 600 15.3
P240 240 58.5 P2400 800 6.5
P280 52.2 P4000 1200 2.5
P320 280 46.2
(Lubricant)
, , .
Smearing .
Smearing
Polishing .
Abrasive .
. Polishing cloth
. Cloth
Polishing .
Scratch .

. .
Polishing Cloth
Polishing cloth Abrasive Wool, Cotton,
Silk Rayon .
Plain back PSA () PSA Polyester
. Slurry PSA back .
Polishing cloth ) TN note 00-12

Grinding Fine grinding 150RPM
. Holder .
.
Polisher Holder Holder . Grinding
Holder Disc Grinding
. Head Disc
. Head Disc .
Grinding inclusion
. .
Coating Coating Coating
.

.
. 10psi ( 30mm 4~5kgf )
5 .
. Mounting
.
Ceramics, Minerals Composites CMP

. relief edge rounding
.
R&B Inc. . 10/13
4.3.4.
Planer Grinding
Course grinding Rough grinding
. Polishing
Sand paper .
. Sand paper Numbering
p-grade .
Rough Polishing
Planar grinding Fine polishing .
Rough polishing Inclusion .
. 9 ~1 micron Diamond
. Polycrystalline diamond Cutting edge
Low napped cloth Polycrystalline diamond Rough
polishing . .
.
Final(Fine) Polishing
1um Polishing
. 3um

Polishing
.
.
2 Mount Cavity Holder Crevice
Tap
water . .
.
Final polishing . Polishing
. Colloidal silica Alumina
Polishing pad , , Holder Polishing 10-15
. . pad
.
. TN note 00-12
4.3.5 Polishing
Coarse polishing Relief formation Nap , Low nap Medium nap cloth 6micon
diamond paste .
2 6 1 micron diamond 3
1 micron diamond Polishing .
Hand polishing Comet tailing Polishing
,
.
.
, Spray gun .
Gun .
.
1 Diamond polishing 2 Fine polishing
, 0.3 0.05 micron Alumina slurries Final polishing .
2 Diamond polishing 0.05 micron Alumina polishing Final polishing .
Final polishing .
Polishing
. Alumina
.
R&B Inc. . 11/13
Etching Grain , . Etching
, , Molten
salt , , Plasma .
4.4.1
.

4.4.2
.
.
.
4.4.3 Tint Etching
Tint color . Tint
Copper Copper alloy .
4.4.4 (Molten Salt Etching)
.
Grain size Grain boundary
.
4.4.5 (Thermal Etching)
. Grain boundary Grain

Grain boundary Groove .

Molten Salt
4.5
.
level . Macrostructure Microstructure level .
Processing step . SEM, TEM
.
4.5.1 Bright Field Illumination
Bright Field(B.F) illumination . B.F illumination
, , .
(, , )
.
Polishing Bright field .
, Graphite, Nitrides, Carbonitride, Boride .
, Polishing
. Differential interference contrast illumination (DIC)
. Bright field illumination .
4.5.2 Polarized Light
Cubic Cross (Polarizer Analyzer 90 )
. Cubic
. Beryllium, Cadmium, Magnesium, Alpha-titanium, Uranium, Zinc
Zirconium . Analyzer
Polarizer Polaroid filter .
Prism polarizer . Crossed-
polarized light Polishing
. Cubic
Second Cubic . Nodular graphite
. Cubic Tint etched
.
4.5.3 Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
File name:
R&B Inc. . 12/13
Bright field Differential
interference contrast (DIC) Bright field . DIC
Contrast .
4.5.4 Dark field Illumination
. Copper Copper
. Copper sulfide Bright field
. Dark field DIC Bright field . Dark field
DIC Bright field
. Dark field Roughness, Cracks, Pits
.
4.5.5 Optical Interferometry
.
.
Splitter . 3
. Shift PZT
Phase shifting (PSI) Vertical scanning (VSI)
. PSI VSI PSI z- . VSI
Scan .
4.5.6 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
AFM . AFM
, .
4.5.7 Replica()
Replica 1970 .
Mounting, Grinding, Polishing
.
.
Replica .
, , ,
, Metallurgical research .
) TN note 00-12
5. Trouble shooting Polishing .
5.1 Scratch ()
Grinding/polishing . Scratch
Scratch ( Scratch )
. Scratch .

Polishing cloth

5.2 Deformation ()
.
. Line
Fine polishing
. .

Grinding/polishing
Polishing cloth
R&B Inc. . 13/13
Smearing
, Polishing cloth , ,
.
. Polishing cloth (Nap )
Polishing cloth .
Smearing .
5.4 Edge rounding ( )
Coating
. .
Mounting
Polishing
Nap Polishing cloth
5.5 Relief
2 Phase
Polishing Polishing cloth . Polishing
(Nap ) Polishing cloth
.
5.6 Pull out
Grain Particle Cavity

. Pull out
.
Polishing cloth Napless type Cloth .
Polishing
5.7 Contamination ()
.
.
5.8 Embedded abrasive
Grinding Polishing .
Polishing cloth

5.9 Lapping tracks
Lapping track .
. Disc Cloth
. Cloth
Cloth .
10%
5.10 Staining
Etching
. Mounting
.
.
.
5.11 Comet tail
. Polishing

Documents

미세조직 관찰 및 시편준비 · 2018. 6. 28. · File name:미세조직 관찰 및 시편준비 , [email protected] 본 자료는 R&B Inc.의 자료로 무단 복사 및