DSA Alert April-2012

7/30/2019 DSA Alert April-2012

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editor-in-chief

Tibet is not China. One of the legendary documents in the archives of the Ministry of External Affairs relates to theclosing of the Indian consulate in Lhasa during the 1950s. The orders to close the consulate, the only one of itskind in the Tibetan capital, dismayed the then Consul General. And he is meant to have said, paraphrased, that

with the decision to close the consulate the Himalayas will now cease to be a natural frontier between India and China.

What was conveyed in that terse reply to a shockingly short-sighted decision by late Jawaharlal Nehru is a simplemessage, that Tibet provided a natural buffer between India and China. But independent Indias rst Prime Ministerdid not see things with a strategic perspective, or at lease his idea of strategy did not have a territorial or securityrelated component. And with his perplexing decision to close the consulate a chain of events was set in motion whichultimately resulted in the nal and formal takeover of Tibet by communist China.

Imperial China had always maintained a treaty relationship with Tibet, through the Dalai Lama. It remained aceremonial one, in which neither did anything to upset the cart. Pegged in between the Himalayas and imperial Chinathere was not much that Tibet could do in any case. And not that it had any motive to do much, content in its solitudeand isolation. Except that communist Chinas strategic vision was quite at odds with the world as viewed from theTibetan prism. Expansionist in the sense of protecting its core through securing its frontiers, China did not hesitateto walk into Lhasa and occupy Tibet. In that venture it was aided by the narrowed Indian vision of the core and the

periphery of its security.

Since that grave India error matters have only worsened in Tibet and for its people. It is ofcially called TibetanAutonomous Region, but is self-governing only in the words of its name. There is nothing autonomous about Tibetand there will come a time when there will be nothing Tibetan about Tibet as well. Indian hesitation is to blame for thetragedy that has befallen the Tibetan people. Hosting the Dalai Lama is all very well, but doing something to improvethe lives of the Tibetan people, in Tibet, is as much Indias responsibility as it is that of the rest of the world. Indiasstrategic error began the process of Tibetan colonisation so the onus to right the wrongs rests with New Delhi.

Indian hesitation is motivated by a fear that China will do something to question the accession of Kashmir to India.Tibet is not a Kashmir in any sense and India only does disservice to the Kashmiri and Tibetan people if it remainstrapped in a straightjacket of its own making. The number of self-immolation incidents in this calendar year is shocking,ghastly and a terrible tragedy. They only serve to underline the fact that there is a crisis in Tibet and its people. It is timeIndia opened its eyes to their plight and help them in their pursuit of justice.

manvendra singh

April 2012 DEFENCE AND SECURITY ALERT 1


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publishers view

TIBET - CHINA'S ACHILLES HEEL ?

A

couple of weeks back on 10th March, 2012, all Tibetanbrothers and sisters witnessed the 53rd anniversaryof the Tibetan National Uprising Day and the fourth

anniversary of the 2008 mass protests in Tibet. It was not just acelebration but a strong rededication and commitment of eachTibetan for their motherland to save the rich art and culture ofTibet from the clutches of China and its present leadership.Not just present leadership. I recall a statement attributed toHis Holiness the Dalai Lama conveying whathe thought of the Chinese way back in 1981,

"Frankly speaking it is difcult to trust the Chinese. Once bitten by a snake you feelsuspicious even when you see a piece of rope". I don't reckon his views have changed, butI felt no rancour or bitterness when he spoke about the Chinese during our recent meeting.

I was fascinated to meet His Holiness the Dalai Lama at Dharamshala for an interviewwith him on 14.03.2012 and know his frank and free opinion on the Tibet issue which, dearreaders, teamDSA is sharing with you in this issue focused especially on Tibet. The level ofhis great contribution and thoughts are so pure that I can only say that they are as pure as the

new born baby who does not know the complexities of the materialistic world we live in. Iam deeply impressed by him as never before by any other spiritual leader.

I also met the Prime Minister-in-Exile of Tibet Dr Lobsang Sangay and was astonished toknow how an associate scholar of Harvard Law School left a comfortable life in the US andcame to join his Tibetan brothers and sisters for the cause of Free Tibet on a very meagresubsistence. I am sharing this, with you to prove that it is not just the old generation of Tibetwhich ed the country to Dharamshala nearly six decades ago but that the new generationborn in exile is equally dedicated and committed to this cause and for this they are sacricingeverything be it their comforts, careers, salaries and even their lives which are more preciousthan anything else.

The self-immolations by the Buddhist monks and nuns in the past years haveincreased with 30 cases already since 2009 but it is very unfortunate that the Chinese

leadership is trying to smother the events with a blanket news blackout and whiskingaway the bodies of the venerated personages to prevent them from becoming icons forinspiration to others in Tibet. I am afraid that the numbers of such self-immolations willincrease in the coming months. China is worried that such examples of seless martyrdomcould become examples for others to follow both within the Tibetan Autonomous Regionand in the Tibetan diaspora all around the world bringing shame and internationalabhorrence in Buddhist dominated areas where Beijing is trying to extend its hegemony,particularly in South-east Asia. It is not unaware of the kind of effect the very concept ofself-immolation had on Americas expansion of its sphere of inuence into theIndochina states of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia in the late 60s. Buddhist monks had led thestruggle against American colonisation by burning themselves in public places within fullglare of the international media. The news of every such burning has begun to percolate tothe rest of the world and it will not be long before Beijing will have to face the consequencesof its attempt to crush the Tibetan uprising.

The glaciers of Tibet and the catchment basin of its vast plateau give rise to mightyrivers like the Yangtse, the Hwang Ho, the Brahmaputra and the Mekong which serve thefreshwater necessities of diverse cultures that have germinated in China, India and the wholeof South-east Asia. For millions they are the only sources of fresh water. China is well awareof the geopolitical importance of this resource and appears to be preparing to use it as a toolto expand its hegemony. The next war between India and China may well happen over therights of lower riparian states to the rivers that have their sources in the Tibetan plateau.

So now it is time for the Indian leadership to wake up and take necessary measures to saveTibet because if Tibet is safe then we are safe otherwise China has already shown signs ofbecoming a threat to the rest of the region, using water as a tool.

We all atDSA express our solidarity with the Tibetan struggle and wholeheartedly espousethe just cause of the peace loving Tibetan people. We support 2012 as the Tibet Lobby Year!

Jai Hind, Jai Tibet!

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executive editor

The country comes frst - always and every time.

Maj Gen (Dr) G D Bakshi SM, VSM (retd)

T

ibet is the Water Tower of Asia. 10 of Asias major rivers originate from here. 46 per centof the entire human population survives on the waters that originate in Tibet. Tibet is the

third pole and the largest storehouse of ice after the Arctic and the Antarctic. Its ice meltfeeds the ood plains that support the major civilisations of Asia. Ecologically, what happensto Tibet therefore is of serious concern to the rest of the world. Three major rivers come to Indiafrom Tibet the Satluj, Indus and the Brahmaputra that ows through India and Bangladeshand supports a population larger than the population of USA and Europe combined.

The base stream of the Brahmaputra that enters India as the Dihang (or Siang) carries in about 44 per cent of theBrahmaputras waters from the ice melt of Tibet. The balance 56 per cent comes from Indian rivers south of the watershed,primarily in the monsoons. The 44 per cent of water that ows in from Tibet therefore is critical for sustaining theow of the base stream in winter. This year, the Siang almost ran dry in winter. The Chinese have planned 28 damson the Yarlung Tsangpo gorge in Tibet. Of these 8 are already under construction. If the base stream dries up and theprimary channel is degraded, it could lead to devastating oods in the monsoons resulting from changes in course ofthe base channel itself. Major dams in the Yarlung Tsangpo gorge could also generate devastating seismic activity inthe Himalayan plate and cause very major earthquakes in north-eastern India. Much as we would like to avoid it, wecannot but help getting seriously concerned about precisely what is going on in Tibet.

There is deep unrest and angst among the Tibetan population. In the space of the last couple of years there havebeen over 30 immolations by monks and nuns in Tibet. The Chinese are muscling into POK and building a rail-roadcorridor to the strategic port of Gwadar. They have armed Pakistan to the teeth with conventional and nuclear weaponsand tacitly encouraged it to make life as difcult for India as it could by its asymmetric warfare capabilities. China hasturned Tibet into a vast armed camp. It has feverishly upgraded the infrastructure in Tibet to bring about a paradigmshift in its capability to support forces in this strategic region. From the 1960s to 1990s it could sustain six divisions inTibet for a low level threat scenario. It could muster some 22 Divisions over two seasons if it wanted to do somethingbigger and more meaningful.

Today the Gormo-Lhasa railway line has been extended to Shigatse and opposite Nepal. There are ve major aireldsin Tibet and the PLAAF is holding live re drills to ensure we get the message. China can now assemble upto 34 Divisionsor more in Tibet in less than one campaign season. That is the magnitude by which the threat has escalated. The Chinesemoves to outank us by leasing parts of Gilgit-Baltistan are ominous. Their implications do not seem to have sunk in

entirely in the minds of our PMO and MoD. Our attention has been drawn towards Arunachal in the East while a majorstrike is possibly being prepared for in the West - where China and Pakistan can attack us together. China is trying toestablish contacts with the Maoists and it has transferred an AK-47production factory to the Kachin IndependenceArmy (KIA) in Myanmar - so that they can supply the Maoists and the north-east rebels. China is engaged in aString of Pearls strategy to surround us from the ocean ank also. Is it time to pay it back in its own coin?

We may not want war. The Chinese however are preparing for a local war under conditions of informatisation quitefeverishly. Their ofcial defence budget this year has gone up to US$ 106 billion. Americans estimate the actual budgetto be over US$ 180 billion. Indias defence budget this year went up to a paltry US$ 38 billion only. The contrast inattitudes is somewhat daunting. The world is entering the era of Water Wars. Tibet is the Water Tower of Asia and maywell be the epicentre and locus of all the water wars of Asia in the years and decades to come. How prepared are we toght such Water Wars which may come sooner than expected? Do we need to take a long and hard look at Tibet andwhat is going on there?

This issue of theDSA is devoted exclusively to Tibet and tries to determine precisely what is going on there? Whyare Tibetans immolating themselves in droves on that plateau? His Holiness, the Dalai Lama and HE the Kalon Tripa,Lobsang Sangay, were gracious enough to grant us an audience at Dharamshala and speak to us in very great detail.Ambasador Shukla examines the historical veracity of Chinas claims to Tibet and there are many useful and informativearticles on this vital Water Tower of Asia that will perforce gure more and more in our strategic discourse - whetherwe like it or otherwise is another matter.



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for online edition log on to: www.dsalert.org

A R T I C L E S

contents

Tibet in international law and practice 16P P Shukla, IFS

Chinas growing assertiveness: 24shaping the Indian responseLt Gen Kamal Davar PVSM, AVSM (retd)

plaaf against India 30attrition through Tibet ?Air Vice Marshal A K Tiwary (retd)

water wars? India-China and Tibet: 34serious potential for conflictMaj Gen (Dr) G D Bakshi SM, VSM (retd)

Volume 3 Issue 7 Apri l 2012

T I B E T S P E C I A L ISSUE April 2012

4 April 2012 DEFENCE AND SECURITY ALERT


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F E A T U R E S

Follow DSA on : DEFENCE AND SECURITY ALERT

Follow DSA on : DSALERT

Chinese advances in nano-technology 40Rear Adm (Dr) S Kulshrestha (retd)

the waters of Tibet 44Claude Arpi

China bridgehead in Tibet - targets in India 48Lt Gen O P Kaushik (retd)

Chinas Tibet strategy 52Jayadeva Ranade

Chinas infrastructure build-up in Tibet 55Dr Monika Chansoria

India-China territorial dispute: 58little progress towards resolutionBrig Gurmeet Kanwal (retd)

tool in pagan hands 62

Cecil Victor

the Tibetan diaspora: 66yearning for the promised landVinita Agrawal

between dragon and the elephant: 69the geostrategic significance of TibetSana Hashmi

money or values? 72China or Tibet - European dilemmaDominika Cosic

Exclusive Interview - His Holiness The Dalai Lama 6

Exclusive Interview - His Excellency Dr Lobsang Sangay 11

Defexpo India 2012: DSA Report 74



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INTERVIEW WITH HIS HOLINESS

THE DALAI LAMA



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EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW

INTERVIEW WITH THE KALON TRIPA

DR LOBSANG SANGAY

Tibet



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Late Dr S P Bakshi

Revered father of our Executive Editor Maj Gen (Dr) G D Bakshi SM, VSM (retd).

Dr Bakshi was born in Jammu on 10 June 1913. He studied at the Prince of Wales College Jammuand then did his Masters in English Literature from Foreman Christian College Lahore where hiscolleagues were famous people like Ambassador T N Kaul and D P Dhar. In 1935, he joined the

Jammu and Kashmir State Forces as a Civilian Instructor at the State Forces Ofcers Training School. It wasthen commanded by Maj Gen H C Scott, a British ofcer on attachment from the British Indian Army. Intime Dr Bakshi rose to be the Principal of the Ofcers Training School. Many of his students became verysuccessful soldiers who distinguished themselves in combat and rose to high ranks. He was also personaltutor to Yuvraj Karan Singh and as such very close to the Royal family. He served through the difcultperiod of the invasion of the Jammu and Kashmir State by the Pakistan led Tribals who put the state to reand sword. Many units of the heavily outnumbered State Forces were wiped out in the grim struggle to savethe state. After the war he was appointed as a Financial Adviser at HQ 15 Corps and also tasked to recordthe history of the State Forces in that war. He was absorbed into the Indian Army as a Civilian GazzetedOfcer and transferred to Jabalpur in 1959. In 1963 his eldest son (Capt S R Bakshi) joined the 11th Battalionof the Jammu and Kashmir Ries (which had formerly been the State Forces). Capt S R Bakshi was killed

in action in the 1965 War. The town of Jabalpur honoured him as one of its four martyrs during that war.The road where the family stayed was named after Capt S R Bakshi. Thereafter Dr Bakshi settled down inJabalpur itself.

In 1967, his second son Joined the Army. He was commissioned into the 6th Battalion the Jammu andKashmir Ries and saw extensive combat in Kargil and Jammu and Kashmir and was decorated twice.He rose to the rank of Major General and retired from the Army in 2008. His third son Ranjan becameVice President in the Deutsche Bank and his daughter Veena an acomplished artist, did her Phd in Fine Artsand taught for many years at the Women's Polytechnic.

After his retirement in 1971, Dr S P Bakshi had qualied as a Homeopathic physician and practised verysucessfully for over 30 years. He and his wife also joined Maharishi Mahesh Yogis organisation as trainedteachers of Transcendental Meditation and taught the art of meditation (TM) at schools and colleges. He wasa prolic writer and has published ve books. He took a lot of interest to introduce free health schemes in theremote villages of the MP State. He continued to work selessly for his community and several social andenvironmental causes. He was a member of the Friends of Trees Society and planted many tress includingin his own house. He wrote many collections of Poetry on nature and translated Vedic Hymns into English.Till the very end he lived an active and socially very useful and productive life. Till a few months before hispassing away he used to walk every day and spent three years writing his nal book on the Inside Story ofthe Jammu and Kashmir State - an eyewitness account of Pakistan's First invasion of Jammu and Kashmirin 1947 and the accession of the state to India. This book has just been published by Knowledge world NewDelhi. When he passed away on 18 March 2012 he was less than three months short of 99 years. In moreways than one, he exemplied that Vedic Stanza - May we live a Hundred Autumns, may our sight andhearing be perfect for a Hundred Autumns, May we live as free men for a hundred Autumns." In the courseof his long and eventful life he suffered many ups and downs but never gave up his hope and optimism. Hecontinued to strive to leave his world a little better than he had found it.

We all in teamDSA pay our homage and tribute to his illustrious and inspiring life and work.

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announcement


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COUNTERPOINT

Since Tibet is not the same as China, it should ultimately be the wishes of thepeople of Tibet that should prevail and not any legal or constitutional arguments.That, I think, is a valid point. Whether the people of Tibet are strong enough toassert their rights or not is another matter. Whether we are strong enough to see

that is done is also another matter. But it is a right and proper thing to say andI see no difculty in saying to the Chinese government that whether they havesuzerainty or sovereignty over Tibet, surely, according to any principles, theprinciple they proclaim and the principles I uphold, the last voice in regard toTibet should be the voice of the people of Tibet and nobody else.

Jawaharlal Nehru, 7 December, 1950Lok Sabha (Indian Parliament)

A scholarly examination of the historical validity of theChinese claims on Tibet. The writer highlights how theUN General Assembly resolution of December 1961 acceptedthe Tibetan peoples right to self-determination. The writerdraws attention to the Treaty signed by Tibet and Mongoliain January 1913. Both countries recognised each othersindependence. The Mongolians turned to Russia for guidanceand protection, the Tibetans to Britain and later India for thesame. Mongolia is today an independent country a conditionextracted by the Soviet leaders from Nationalist China and thenthe Peoples Republic, regardless of the fraternal ties betweenthem. Tibet is a country and culture on the verge of extinction,a sorry reection on the Indian leadership.

The claim that they appointed

representatives [who were

considered as Ambassadors by

the Tibetans] or awarded titlesis unconvincing. Britain still

awards titles to countries like

Australia and even appoints

the Governor-General. But no

one would accept any claim

of British sovereignty over

Australia. Besides, China itself

was ruled during this period

by the Manchus, who were

themselves non-[Han] Chinese,

so it is questionable whether

their territories may logically

be considered Chinese.

It would be akin to India

claiming Afghanistan because

the Mughals controlled that

territory or Burma because the

British did

P P Shukla, IFS

The writer did his Masters from

Delhi School of Economics

and joined the Indian Foreign

Service in 1974. During a

career spanning 37 years, he

served in Moscow, Brussels,

London and Kathmandu,

among other places. He served

in Delhi twice, including

as the Diplomatic Adviserto the Prime Minister from

1996 to 2000.

He has recently retired as

Ambassador of India to

Moscow. He is currently

working as Joint Director in

the Vivekananda International

Foundation, New Delhi.



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TIBETIN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND PRACTICE



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EVIL MACHINATIONS?

Indian elites show little evidence of having thought coherently andsystematically about strategy.

- George Tanham

One of the manifestations of changing Chinese doctrine is theintroduction of a new clich in the lexicon of Chinese think tanks,namely Grand Periphery Military Strategy. The Chinese moveto expand high speed rail networks and equipping over 1,000railway stations with military transport facilities points towardsconcrete military steps being taken in this regard. This willensure rapid offensive deployment as required to the many anddiverse border regions of China. Thus proactive military actionsalong several theatres will be a possibility. The excellent fastrail network to Tibet is a pre-eminent example of adherence tothe Grand Peripheral Military Strategy of China and further itsconnectivity to Nepal and the Chumbi Valley is being plannedin the near future. Chinas nuclear weaponscum-missiles nexuswith its client state, Pakistan and modernising the PakistaniArmed Forces is singularly aimed against India. For China, Pakistanis a low-cost guarantor of security against India and China now ahigh value guarantor of security for Pakistan against India. Sincethe last two years or so, the Chinese footprint in the disputed POKregion is growing.

Lt Gen Kamal Davar

PVSM, AVSM (retd)

That China will be a

super power by 2025, if not earlier,

will be understating a stark

reality. If the 21st century has to

be an Asian century, as repeatedly

proclaimed by many geopolitical

luminaries, China leads the way

well ahead of the other players on

the scene including India, Japan,

S. Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia

etc. China is usually bracketed

with India as the lead players in

emerging Asia but India merely

plods along never having risen

yet to its true potential because

of its inner contradictions. That

China sees India as its main rival,

globally, regionally, economically

and militarily, makes the growing

asymmetric chasm between the

two neighbours and Asian giants

a serious cause of worry, in the

foreseeable future, for India

The writer is a distinguished

soldier having served in all

theatres of operations in his

41 years of service. A veteran

of the 65 and 71 operations,

he was wounded in action

in the 1965 ops. He was the

rst armoured corps ofcer

to be specially selected to

be GOC Ladakh where heimplemented many innovative

operational and logistical

innovations. He has been

Chief of Staff of a Corps HQ in

Jammu and Kashmir and then

as GOC 11 Corps responsible

for the defence of Punjab. He

was especially selected by

the Government of India to

raise the Defence Intelligence

Agency after the Kargil War.

After retirement he writes

and lectures on security

issues. He is widely known

to passionately espouse the

cause of jointness in theIndian Armed Forces. As the

rst DG DIA, many intelligence

initiatives including abroad

were taken by him.



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CHINAS GROWING ASSERTIVENESS:

SHAPING THE INDIAN RESPONSE



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COMMAND OF AIR

An in-depth analysis of Chinese Airpower in Tibet andwhat we need to counter this growing threat. There area total of 14 airelds of concern. However increasing air

refuelling capability in future will increase their numbers.PLAAF can deploy around 16 squadrons in these airelds.Lt Gen Liu Yazhou, considered Douhet of China, said PLAAFS

rst task is to gain command of air ghting in a local warunder high tech conditions. Out of 1,600 plus combat aircraftwith China, around 400 aircraft are 4th generation. H-6 willcarry air launched cruise missile of 1,400 km plus range.In Tibet area its airelds lie within 300 to 1,000 km fromIAF bases. Most of the airelds are at high elevation. The highaltitude of TAR will reduce bomb load to around one third thatof sea level. But todays PGMs have reduced the required bomb

load for target destruction signicantly. Air refuelling andhigh performance of Su-27, Su-30 and J-10 will offset altitudedisadvantage to quite an extent. Its old bombers carrying longrange cruise missile will be still effective.

Air Vice Marshal A K Tiwary

(retd)

It is not a target rich area

for air strikes. The road-rail

network is far more extensive

in Tibet compared to Indian

side. Generally Chinese military

posts look down at Indian posts

located at lower altitudes. The

Indian side is marked by steep

climb towards the border and

prone to frequent landslides.

The logistics build-up and /

or troops relocation from one

area to another is highly time

consuming and seasonal due to

climatic compulsions. The border

is 4,000 km plus

The writer commanded a

MiG-29 Squadron in late 80s.

His various command and

staff appointments like Chief

Operations Ofcer at a major

Wing, operational planning

at Command level, Director

Concept Studies at Air HQ,

Command of a major ying

base, Head of the Training Team(Air) at Defence Service Staff

College and Senior Directing

Staff (Air) at National Defence

College have conferred a

rich practical experience.

The air staff course at DSSC

Wellington (TN), Command

and Air War Course at the

Air University, Maxwell

Airbase, Montgomery (USA),

all inducted and accelerated

his interest in air war studies.

After premature retirement he

now ies as Commander on

Boeing737-800 NG.



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PLAAF AGAINST INDIAAttrition Through Tibet ?



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HYDRO-ARROGANCE?

China is the only country that is the upper riparian toall its neighbours. As a consequence, its state behaviouris characterised by a Hydro-arrogance bordering onHydro-hegemonism. Hydrographic issues have the sameresonance in China as Lebensraum had for Nazi Germany.China is seriously starved for water resources. The problemis made far more acute by the skewed distribution of thesewater resources in China. The region south of Yangtze has36 per cent of Chinese territory and 81 per cent of its waterresources. The northern region has 64 per cent of the territorybut just 19 per cent of the water resources. Without Tibet,China would have been highly water-dependent and thataccounts for the strategic importance of Tibet for the controlof water. As water decit continues to rise to alarming levels

in China and the rest of Asia, the strategic salience of Tibetwill rise with each passing day. Tibet will be the locus of allthe water wars of Asia and the rest of lower riparian Asia(which is mostly Buddhist) may soon have vital stakes in theway the water resources and ecology of Tibet are managed.

Maj Gen (Dr) G D Bakshi

SM, VSM (retd)

Chinas Air Forcemodernisation should worry

us the most. From a vast and

antiquated Soviet era eet of

the 1950s and 1960s vintage

Mig-15, Mig-17, Mig-19 and

Mig-21s, China today has

frontline fourth generation

ghters like the Su-27 and

Su-30s, along with its J-10s and

J-11s. By 2020, China will have

an Air Force of over 2,300 4th

Generation ghters to our 750.

The pre-existing quantitative

advantage is becoming a vast

qualitative plus numerical edge.

This is patently very dangerous.

China is rapidly augmenting

its Tactical Ballistic Missile and

IRBM capabilities in Tibet. Any

future war with China will

commence with cyber attacks

and salvos of missiles on our

headquarters, airelds and

logistic areas

The writer is a combat

veteran of many skirmishes

on the Line of Control and

counter-terrorist operations

in Jammu and Kashmir and

Punjab. He subsequently

commanded the reputed

Romeo Force during intensive

counter-terrorist operations in

the Rajouri-Poonch districts.He has served two tenures

at the highly prestigious

DirectorateGeneral of MilitaryOperations. He is a prolic

writer on matters military

and non-military and has

published 24 books and

over 100 papers in many

prestigious research journals.

He is also Executive Editor of

Defence and Security Alert

(DSA) magazine.



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INDIA-CHINA AND TIBET: SERIOUS POTENTIAL FOR CONFLICT



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ENHANCING DEFENCE CAPABILITIES

The MEMS (micro-elctro-mechanical systems) revolution,has opened frontiers of scientic developments which willhave great signicance in national defence and economy; itwill usher in a nano-era in the 21st century encompassing;nanobiology, nano manufacturing, nanomechanics,nano-electronics, nanomicrology, nanocontrol, nanosurveyingand the study of nanomaterial.

Developing military specic

nanomaterials, nano aircraft,

nano engine technologies,

nanosensors and nanosatellites

etc. Nanotechnology has

enabled significant improvements

in triggering devices of strategic

weapons by ruggedising,

fusing, arming and exploding

mechanisms. Further on

another front, there has been a

quest to develop very low yield

nuclear explosives which could

be used as controlled microexplosions source for nuclear

bombs as well as weapons if

compact fusing mechanisms

were available

Rear Adm (Dr) S Kulshrestha

(retd)

The writer has held the

post of Director General

Naval Armament Inspection

at the NHQ prior to his

superannuation. He is an ardent

exponent of indigenisation

and self-reliance in the eld of

military weapon systems and

armament.

1. Xinhuanet Web site [Online web] Accessed on 29 Jan 2011 URL: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-01/c_13686054.htm

2. ZhenyuMi (1998), China's National Defence Development Concepts, Edited by Michael Pillsbury, Chinese Views of Future Warfare,

National Defence University Press , Washington DC, 1998.

3. Quoted in Chinese Views of Future Warfare, Edited by Michael Pillsbury, National Defence University Press, Washington DC, 1998.



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Chinese Advancesin Nano-Technology



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CHINAS WATER HEGEMONY?

Most of Asias waters originate on the Tibetan plateau,the main watershed in Asia. Tibets waters ow down toeleven countries and are said to bring fresh water to over

85 per cent of Asias population and approximately 50 per centof the worlds population. Four of the worlds ten major rivers,the Brahmaputra (or Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet), the Yangtze,the Mekong and the Huang Ho (or Yellow River) have theirheadwaters on the Tibetan Plateau. Other major rivers such asthe Salween, the Irrawaddi, the Arun, the Karnali, the Satlujand the Indus, also have their source in Tibet. It would be inthe interests of India to have a genuinely autonomous Tibeton her northern borders. It could certainly facilitate a wateragreement. Chinas water hegemonism could otherwise sparkoff devastating water wars. Are we prepared for such water

wars?

Wang Guangqian, a scholar

of the Chinese Academy of

Sciences saying: Chinese

experts have raised a new

proposal to divert water

from the upper reaches of

the Brahmaputra river to

the countrys north-western

province of Xinjiang. The

water diversion route in the

proposal, named the Grand

Western Canal, is slightly

different from the Western

Canal mentioned in Chinas

well-known South-North

Water Diversion Project 1 [1]

Claude Arpi

The writer is a senior journalist

and author of repute. He

specialises in geopolitics

and Indo-EU (Indo-French)

relations.



24/46

TheWatersofTibet



25/46

STRATEGIC IMPACT

An historical overview of the strategic impact of Chinasuncontested occupation of Tibet. India had only some75 policemen on the Indo-Tibet border at the time of

independence. Today it has to post some 1,50,000 men to guardits frontiers with China. The Chinese today control the watertower of Asia and hence the ow of four major rivers that owinto India and other South Asian countries. Spread over anarea of 25 lac sq km, Tibet is 26.4 per cent of total area of China.62 lac Tibetans inhabit this plateau at an average height of13,500 feet from the sea level. After the Chinese occupation in1951, approximately 75 lac Chinese from the mainland Chinahave been settled which has turned the population ratio tofour Tibetans and ve Chinese.

However the Tibet card

must not be forgotten and we

need to accelerate efforts and

also join efforts by others to

regain the lost independence of

Tibet. It is the longest and most

powerful resistance movement

in modern world history. The

capacity and capability of

Tibetan mass uprising must

be aided and abetted not to

forget Uyghur secessionists

in Xinjiang who are getting

identied as Chinas Kashmir

Lt Gen O P Kaushik (retd)

The writer has been General

Ofcer Commanding in the

Kashmir valley. He was chief of

staff of Eastern Command and

is the former Vice Chancellor

of Maharshi Dayanand

University, Rohtak, India.



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CHINA BRIDGEHEAD IN TIBET-

TARGETS IN INDIA



27/46

UNDERMINING THE DALAI LAMA

The Chinese NPCs inauguration coincided with theimmolation of the third Tibetan in three days in the Abaregion of Sichuan province. China perceives the present time

as opportune to undermine the position and inuence of theDalai Lama and compel the 14th Dalai Lamas successorsto nd new methods at accommodation. It has accordinglystepped up efforts to sow division in the Tibetan religiousecclesiastical hierarchy and divide the exiled Tibetancommunity. Invitations to the World Buddhist Forums, TARanniversaries etc. are all calibrated to weaken the unity ofTibetan Buddhist monks. Chinas moves are of considerablesignicance for India. They represent a currently incipient, butpotentially serious source of concern since Indias Himalayanbelt is inhabited mainly by Buddhists.

China perceives the present

time as opportune to undermine

the position and inuence of

the Dalai Lama and compel the

14th Dalai Lamas successors

to nd new methods at

accommodation. It has

accordingly stepped up

efforts to sow division in the

Tibetan religious ecclesiastical

hierarchy and divide the exiled

Tibetan community. Invitations

to the World Buddhist Forums,

TAR anniversaries etc. are

all calibrated to weaken the

unity of Tibetan Buddhist

monks. Chinas moves are

of considerable signicance

for India. They represent

a currently incipient, but

potentially serious source

of concern since Indias

Himalayan belt is inhabited

mainly by Buddhists.

Jayadeva Ranade

The writer is a former Additional

Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat,

Government of India and

a security and intelligence

expert. He is a seasoned China

analyst with almost 30 years

experience in the eld. He has

also dealt with matters relating

to Terrorism and Pakistan. He

has been directly involvedin formulation of policy at

the highest levels in the

Government of India. He was

conferred the Organisations

two highest awards, both out

of turn.

He is presently a Distinguished

Fellow with the Centre for

Air Power Studies. He writes

on strategic and security

issues relating to China, Tibet

and East Asia, his chosen

elds of specialisation.



28/46

CHINASTIBETSTRATEGY



29/46

Dr Monika Chansoria

FORTIFICATION

The Chinese military recognises the importance of build-upof logistics on the battleeld and is taking steps to maximiseits logistics capabilities. The PLA logistics doctrine in 2000still depended heavily on the peoples war concept andnot particularly on military assets. The General LogisticsDepartment (GLD) and the PLA gradually began linkingcivilian and military logistics to provide what formerChairman of the Central Military Commission, Jiang Zemin,called precision logistics. Chinas massive infrastructurebuild-up in Tibet is being taken cognizance of in India. InNovember 2011, a year after conducting its rst live militaryexercise in Tibet, China for the rst time rehearsed capture ofmountain passes at heights beyond 5,000 metres with the helpof armoured vehicles and airborne troops.

The writer is a Visiting Senior

Fellow at the Slavic Research

Centre, Hokkaido University,

Japan.

In the wake of the ethnic

violence in Tibet in 2008,

increased force levels of the

paramilitary Peoples Armed

Police, Chinese Frontier

Guards and the Garrison Duty

Forces have been stationed in

the region. Furthermore, the

recent series of self-immolation

by dozens of Tibetan youth

has heightened tensions

resulting in the steep rise of

armed Chinese paramilitary

presence in the Tibetan

Autonomous Region and the

Aba Prefecture in the heavily

Tibetan-populated region of

Sichuan

Chinas Infrastructure Build-up in Tibet



30/46

There is no end in sight to the intractable border dispute

between India and China. Chinas negotiating strategy is toresolve the dispute when the Chinese are in a much stronger

position in terms of comprehensive national strength so thatthey can dictate terms. China is in physical possession of

approximately 38,000 sq km of Indian territory. And claims96,000 sq km in Arunachal Pradesh. In addition, Pakistan

illegally ceded 5,180 sq km of Indian territory in the ShaksgamValley of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir, north-west of the

Siachen Glacier, to China in 1963. The Line of Actual Control(LAC) between India and Tibet, implying de facto controlafter the 1962 war, is yet to be physically demarcated on the

ground and delineated on military maps.

Chinas often stated ofcial

position is that the reunication

of Chinese territories is a sacred

duty. In the last Party Congress

of Communist Party of China

(CPC), four resolutions mention

the unication of Chinas lost

territories. More new projects

have been sanctioned by

Central Military Commission

after the Party Congress for an

enhanced military build-up

in case of any hostility. China

has already amassed a large

number of troops in Tibet

and constructed the metalled

Western Express Highway aswell as the worlds highest

railway line which will enable

faster mobilisation of troops

from Gansu and Qinghai region

in case of war. The PLA has

constructed two major missile

bases in Tibet and deployed

missiles that can reach major

targets in India

Brig Gurmeet Kanwal (retd)

The writer is Director, Centre

for Land Warfare Studies,

New Delhi. The views

expressed in this article are

personal.

CONTUMACIOUS



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India-ChinaTerritorial Dispute:

LittleProgress Towards Resolution



32/46


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THE BUDDHIST CARD

China is bedevilled by a rising tide of Tibetan nationalismas seen in the increasing number of Tibetans self-immolating themselves in various parts of the country and

bomb-blasts in several important locations. The upsurgeof Tibetan nationalism coinciding with the runup to theBeijing Olympics put the Dalai Lama, the spiritual head ofworldwide Buddhism, directly in China's line of re. China haslong been trying to pick off the symbols of Buddhism so as tobe able to manipulate Buddhists in various parts of the globe.The most blatant recent trick was a mega project designedfor the revitalisation and modernisation of the birthplaceof the Buddha in Lumbini in Nepal without permission fromthe government of Nepal. The Chinese would be playing the

Buddhist card to try and pacify the growing outrage over theeradication of the Tibetan culture with the infusion of theChinese Han communities into the Tibetan AutonomousRegion.

There was a sense of

discomfort about what would

happen if and when the present

Dalai Lama relinquishes

his position as the temporal

pontiff of the Tibetans.

Apparently the transfer of

political power to an elected

representative of the Tibetan

g o v e r n m e n t - i n - e x i l e

has been smooth. On

10 March 2011, the Dalai Lama

proposed changes to the exilecharter which would remove

his position of authority within

the organisation. These changes

were ratied on 29 May 2011,

resulting in the Kalon Tripa

(Prime Minister) becoming the

highest-ranking ofce holder

Cecil Victor

The writer has covered all

wars with Pakistan as War

Correspondent and reported

from the conict zones in

Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

in South East Asia as well

as from Afghanistan. He is

author of India: The Security

Dilemma.



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Toolinpaganhands



35/46

FREEDOM FROM OPPRESSION

There was a major Khampa rebellion in Tibet in 1956. TheChinese used tanks and jet bombers to crush it. This forced theDalai Lama to ee to India in 1959. The armed revolt continued

for many years, rst in the Lokha province and then oppositeNepal region. It petered out by the 1970s. However there wasanother uprising in 2008. This time around, the Chinese ewin their 15 Airborne Corps and rushed in a number of RapidReaction Units to crush the rebellion once again in a mostheavy-handed manner. Just three years later, the yearningfor freedom from this oppression has begun to manifestitself in desperate measures now. A spate of 23 horrifyingself-immolations by young monks and even nuns haveoccurred within Tibet in the past two years. A sensitiveportrayal of the Tibetan diasporas yearning for a return to

their promised homeland. This article highlights how, despitedecades of Chinese repression , the hopes of an eventualreturn have been kept alive by the Tibetan people who havebeen scattered in all countries of the globe.

The overall approach of the

Tibetan community for freedom

of their homeland is still the

middle way approach that

His Holiness the Fourteenth

Dalai Lama always advocates.

Even the self-immolations are

motivated at selfhurt rather

than violence towards the

enemies. It is nothing but a

clear rejection of the Chinese

rule

Vinita Agrawal

The writer is a Gold Medallist

in MA, Political Science from

the MS University, Baroda. She

is a researcher and poet and

has worked freelance for over

20 years. She has published

papers on Comparative

Analysis of Media in India

and Pakistan and Cultural

connectivity in the SAARCregion.



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TheTibetanDiaspora:YearningForThePromisedLand



37/46

Sana Hashmi

CLASH OF THE TITANS?

An analysis of the Chinese-Tibetan relationship and anexamination of likely scenarios. It highlights the crucialimpact that the selection of the next Dalai Lama will have onthe issue of Tibetan identity and future. The current Dalaithe 14th Dalai Lama, has been the torch bearer of theTibetan movement across the world. He has visited manycountries of the world to spread awareness about the Tibetancause. With the development pertaining to his resignation,the whole scene has been laid wide open. The future ofthe Tibetan people and Tibet will largely depend on who

becomes the next Dalai Lama and how he perceives the issueof Tibetan identity.

The writer is associated with

Centre for Air Power Studies

and her area of interest is

China and its neighbourhood.

The current Dalai the 14th

Dalai Lama, has been the

torch bearer of the Tibetan

movement across the world. He

has visited many countries of

the world to spread awareness

about the Tibetan cause. With

the development pertaining to

his resignation, the whole scene

has been laid wide open. The

future of the Tibetan people

and Tibet will largely depend

on who becomes the next Dalai

Lama and how he perceives the

issue of Tibetan identity

Between Dragon and the Elephant:The Geostrategic Significance of Tibet



38/46

EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE

Europe has discarded its much touted promotion of HumanRights at the altar of economic expediency. The writer presentsthe European perspective on Tibet and how the European stand

against Chinese atrocities has been totally sidelined for thepragmatic purposes of maintaining the lucrative trade relationswith China.

EU citizens mostly

are supporting idea of

independent Tibet and most

of them consider Dalai Lama

as a guru. Even if they don't

know exactly what is the

history of Tibet, what is the real

situation, they are fascinated

by images of peaceful leader

of repressed people. But

European politicians think

more pragmatically and even if

they do not agree with Chinese

politics towards Tibet, they

perfectly know who is for themthe real economic partner. And

values are losing to business.

China has re-emerged as the

world's second largest economy

and the biggest exporter in the

global economy, but also an

increasingly important political

power. EU-China trade has

increased dramatically in

recent years. China is now the

EU's 2nd largest trading partner

behind the USA and the EU's

biggest source of imports by far

Dominika Cosic

The writer is a journalist

and political correspondent

based in Brussels. She

specialises in NATO and

European Union affairs. She

is correspondent (Europe) of

Defence and Security Alert

(DSA) magazine.



39/46

Moneyorvalues?China orTibet - European Dilemma



40/46

In the midst of defence bribe controversy and post defence budget 2012,Indias biggest-ever land, naval and homeland security system exhibition,Defexpo India 2012 kicked off with fervour in New Delhi, India at

Pragati Maidan on 29th March 2012. Honble Defence Minister of India,Mr A K Antony, inaugurated the four day exhibition. Defexpo is organised bythe Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence and Governmentof India through Defence Exhibition Organisation. The biennial event, hosting567 exhibitors, which are comparatively up from 425 in 2010. All major publicsector companies (PSUs and domestic shipyards) participated along withhundreds of large and small private sector companies: 335 Indian exhibitors

in total. The exhibitors included 232 foreign companies from 32 countries,grouped in several national pavilions; the largest were those of the US, Russia,France, Israel, the UK and Germany. India is clearly paving the path of steadygrowth and has been receiving overwhelming and unprecedented internationalresponse with each edition. The main objective of the event was to promotedefence exports from India and exhibit the capabilities of Indian defence R&Dand production on a large platform. 567 companies from 32 countries displayedweapon systems for the Army, Navy and Internal Security. More than 60 ofcialdelegations including China, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka attended the exhibition.This years Defexpo saw major joint ventures, partnerships between big Indianindustry houses and world's leading defence and security companies. Team DSAvisited the expo and extensively covered the important developments and had veryinteresting interactions with most of the participants at the show.

Wipro Limited, a leading global IT servicescompany with a strong presence in nichemarket segments of Infrastructure, Engineering

and Consumer Products and Lighting, signed a wide rangingpact with defence major Saab in 2011 to develop, manufacture andmarket latters Land Electronic Defence Systems (LEDS) - providing full spectrumprotection countermeasure to cover passive and active responses, in India. Underthis pact, Wipro and Saab will jointly pursue opportunities for these systems in India.The agreement with Wipro is part of our endeavour to create a strong and enduringindustrial production base for Saab,said Mr Jan Widerstrom, Chairman, Saab India.Wipro will support Saab by offering development services in India and South Africa.

It will bring its unique ability and competencies to adapt the products for the Indian market and provide its time tested customerservice capabilities. The partnership envisages transfer of technology from Saab and large scale local manufacturing of thesesystems by Wipro. It also aims at paring manufacturing costs for state-of-the-art defence and civil security systems in India. Aspart of the pact, Wipro will develop, adapt and integrate LEDS equipment and software for Indian customers. The partnership

also accords an opportunity for Saab to market these systems manufactured by Wipro overseas.



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D

uring the expo, Northrop Grumman highlighted its Industry-Leading SecurityCapabilities for the Indian market.During our close interaction with one of the seniorrepresentatives from Northrop Grumman, they informed us that Northrop Grumman

has well established its relationships with India and has been supporting a number of defenceand civil programmes including air trafc control communications systems and radars,unmanned ground vehicles and marine navigation systems - for more than 20 years. Thecompany brings signicant, relevant capabilities for homeland defence modernisation andcommand and control, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance.

The French Major DCNS Has Signed a Deal worth over Euro 50 Million with IndianSEC Industries for manufacturing components of the Scorpene submarine. In additionto executing the contract, SEC Industries will benet from the transfer of technology

from the French company. DCNS, is one of Europes leading shipbuilders. The over350-year-old company, has bagged a huge contract from India to supply six Scorpene attack

submarines, which are under construction at the Mazagon Dock Ltd (MDL), Mumbai.SEC Industries is also well equipped to take advantage of the defence offset

clauses which provide big opportunities to Indian industry. It is already inpartnership with IAI of Israel for manufacturing a number of products like

shipping containers, ground data terminal trailers, refuelling carts, hook arresting systems etc. During thelast two years, exports to Israel from the company have been over Rs 20 crore, said Mr Vidyasagar, MD.

The company has signed agreements to make equipment for heavy duty launchers from Belarus andother defence products from Ukraine to tap the offset and defence export market, he added.

With a backing of military sales of overUS$ 10 billion in the last four years, the US hasasked the American companies participating in

the Defexpo to know and understand the procedures herefor future business. More than 20 US companies includingsome of the big names like Boeing, Lockheed Martin andNorthrop Grumman participated in the Defexpo.US Charge d Affaires in India Peter Burleigh said, Themarket here is denitely going to be a big market. Certainly

in the long term, probably in the midterm and for the shortterm it is important to be here on the ground to make theconnections, networks and know the procedures.

British rm McGeoch Technology, known worldwide for engineering and supplying electrical

equipment for warships and submarines,has bagged a deal to the tune of

2,50,000 GBP (US$ 3,98,700)from the Indian Navy.

McGeoch Technologywill be supplying

a d v a n c e dL E D


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lighting to the Indian Navy as well as the Coast Guard. Indian Navy has been preparingto install LED lights in its entire eet and McGeoch Technology will be developing andproviding these lights under the new contract. According to McGeoch Technology, it has beeninteracting with the Indian Navy to suitably cater to their requirements. The contract betweenMcGeoch Technology and Indian Navy will involve the supply of over 1,000 lights which

will include a range of LED light ttings on the naval ships. This order of LED light ttingswill be used on the two newly-built ships and will also aid the naval ret programmes.McGeoch Technology is known world over since it has engineered and supplied electricalequipment for many of the international frigates, destroyers, off-shore patrol vessels, missileboats and submarines. McGeoch has been a constant supplier to the British Royal NavysType 45 Destroyer,Astute Submarine and Queen Elizabeth (QE) Class Aircraft Carrier Projects.

The countrys largest engineering conglomerateLarsen & Toubrohas tied up with the US$ 200 billionSamsung Groups defence arm Samsung Techwin to develop an artillery system for the Indian Army. L&Twould play a lead role in the venture and has already submitted a proposal to develop self-propelled

artillery to the defence ministry last year. Samsung Techwin is the original equipment manufacturer for Koreassuccessful 155 mm self-propelled Howitzer called K9 Thunderand will transfer technology to the L&T venture.

One of the major attractions at the Defexpo was theintroduction of all-newMBVP (Micro Bullet-Proof Vehicle) byTata Motors. This extreme combat mobile vehicle is designed

and developed to help the special forces in the urban warfarescenarios as well as in case of a large conict involving places suchas railway stations, airports and other such structural urban areasof the city. Tata Motors has introduced four more vehicles otherthan the MBVP, which are the Light Armoured Vehicle, the 1212PrahaarMissile Carrier, the 66 7kl Refueller and the Mobile bunkerwith a full range of other concept combat related vehicles includingQDMCT(Quick Deployment Mobile Communication Terminal) ondisplay for the visitors and buyers of different nations armies andarms dealers.

During the expo, Mahindra and Mahindra Announced Two

Joint Ventures with Rafael Advanced Defence Systems. The

companys MoU with Rafael Advanced Defence Systems Ltd., amanufacturer of high-tech defence systems for air, land, sea and spaceapplications, will lead to the formation of a Joint Venture companyin India. The JV will develop and manufacture products such asAnti-Torpedo Defence Systems, Electronic Warfare Systems, AdvancedArmouring Solutions and remotely operated weapon stations forFuturistic Infantry Combat Vehicles (FICV). Rafael will make investmentsin Mahindras existing Naval Systems division in Pune which will alsobe the location of a production facility which will be set up to meet thelong-term requirements of the JV Company. Rafael Advanced Defence

Systems Ltd., designs, develops, manufactures and supplies a wide range of high-tech defence systems for air, land, sea andspace applications. Rafael was established as part of the Israeli Ministry of Defence more than 60 years ago. Rafaels technology isembedded in almost all Israel Defence Forces (IDF) systems in operation today. The company has a special relationship with theIDF, developing products according to the soldiers specic requirements in the eld.

DRDO pavilion was setup with the theme of Self-reliance and wasvisited by the Honble Raksha Mantri, Shri A K Antony, who earlier inthe day inaugurated the exhibition on 29th March 2012.

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) underthe Department of Defence Research and Development of Ministry ofDefence, developed explosive, H1N1 detection kit which was launched byScientic Advisor to the Defence Ministry and Defence Secretary (R&D).Vijay Kumar Saraswat launched DRDO developed technologies to detectexplosive materials and Swine Flu (H1N1) virus at Defexpo 2012. Speaking at thelaunch function, Dr Saraswat said, The explosive detection kit can be helpfulto control illegal trafcking of explosive materials, apart from detection andidentication of such materials in the pre- and post-blast scenarios. He further explained that in the recent past, India and theworld have witnessed rising cases of H1N1. Keeping this and the high cost of imported kits in mind, an indigenous rapid testing

kit has been developed by DRDO, which will not only lower the cost signicantly but also reduce the testing time considerably,.



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At the Defexpo 2012, Rossell India Limitedannounced it has received approval from theIndian Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) to form ajoint venture companywith CAE to provide synthetic training solutions for the Indian defence market. Under

terms of the shareholders agreement, Rossell India Limited will hold a 74 per cent share ofthe joint venture company with CAE holding a 26 per cent share. The objective of the joint

venture will be to focus primarily on providing training solutions for defence procurementswhere India is acquiring foreign platforms. CAE has been active in the Indian market for thepast 40 years, starting with the sale of simulators and now offering comprehensive training solutions for Indias civil aviation anddefence markets. In early 2011, CAE ofcially inaugurated its new aerospace and defence complex in Bengaluru, where CAE IndiaPvt Ltd designs and develops training systems for Indias defence forces and CAE operates an engineering centre of excellencefor the development of visual databases and other software components for CAEs simulators. In addition, CAE trains pilots fromIndias main airlines at CAEs Bengaluru aviation training centre and jointly owns with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)the Helicopter Academy to Train by Simulation of Flying (HATSOFF), Indias rst advanced helicopter training centre, located inBengaluru.

The Italian defence major was represented at Defexpo 2012by its group companies AgustaWestland, Alenia Aermacchi,DRS Tactical Systems, Inc. (a division of DRS Technologies), SELEX Galileo, Oto

Melara and WASS, exhibiting products, platforms and technological solutions in the eldof helicopters, aeronautics, radar systems, naval and land armaments and underwater

systems.

During our close interaction with the senior representatives of the company, we havebeen told that for Finmeccanica, India is a market of great strategic importance, where it canestablish long-term partnerships involving the mutual exchange of technology and expertise.The establishment of the Groups ofces in India clearly represents the companysincreasing interest in the country and a step forward in the Groups relations withlocal partners. In over 40 years of operations in India, Finmeccanica has supported the country in many of its pioneeringdevelopment projects, supplying radar and communications systems, military and civil helicopters, civil aircraft and navalsystems. The Group, which today has around 400 employees in the country, intends to consolidate its position in the highlycompetitive Indian market, facilitate government-to-government agreements (especially in aeronautics, electronics anddefence systems) explore opportunities for collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) andincrease its industrial presence in India.

Whilst interacting with some of the worlds largest defence and security giants atthe expo, our eyes also caught the Flying Tank premiere, where Russians unveilednew T90-MS in India.

Russian arms producers have presented the most up-to-date exportable version of the T-90main battle tank to potential buyers. At the presentation where the producers of the T-90MShoped to nd buyers for the armoured ghting vehicle. The upgraded tank has improvedcapabilities in all aspects, including repower, protection, mobility and command ability,saidAndrey Terlikov, the chief designer of the T-90 at the Uralvagonzavod plant. The T-90MSis the latest modication of the combat vehicle dubbed the ying tank. We have beenexplained in detail by the representatives that this Tank has a new turret with the Kalina

modernised targeting system, which is integrated with the squad commanders control system. Also onboard are an upgraded2A46M-5 cannon and a new air defence machine gun. The tank also has new version of the explosivereactive armour called Relict, as well as an improved gear shifter and better steering control.Its armour was modied to better withstand re, though it is now slightly less resistant to the affects of a nuclear attack. Thetank is also equipped with an auxiliary diesel engine that is meant to be used during stops. It allows for better fuel efciencyand produces less heat than the main engine, making the vehicle less noticeable in the infra-red spectrum. The T-90MS hit thedomestic stage in September 2011, but the vehicle is yet to be taken to a foreign country. The producer hopes that India would beinterested in upgrading the T-90 tanks it already owns into T-90MS versions. The presence of the improved T-90S is also beingseen as Russias move to re-commit itself to the license build programme, considering that late last year reports had emerged ofcertain delays in the effort. India ordered 310 T-90S in 2001. A contract was concluded for the licensed production of 1,000 T-90Sby the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB).

Conclusion

Union Budget 2012-13, hiked the defence outlays to Rs. 1,93,407.29 crore (US$ 40.44 billion). This representsa significant growth of 17.63 per cent over the previous years outlays one of the highest increases in recentyears excluding that for 2009-10 when the budget was increased by over 34 per cent, mostly to accommodatethe pay hikes caused by the implementation of the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission.

The increase in the latest defence budget was made plausible by the expansionary fiscal policy adopted



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by the government in general.

According to the recent report released by the independentStockholm-based International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI),researching into conicts, arms control and disarmament. India

has topped a rating of the worlds largest heavy arms importers.According to the report, India is the largest arms recipient,accounting for 10 per cent of global arms imports between2007 and 2011.

The signicant increase in defence budget and the recent reportand analysis shows that India is going to be a large and burgeoningmarket for defence and security products and technologies. Theoverwhelming and unprecedented participation by internationaldefence industry giants from different parts of the world at therecently concluded Defexpo 2012 in Delhi indicates that India ispaving the path of a steady growth and offering a lucrative marketfor defence products and cutting edge technologies.

B R A H M O S

Indian Army Operationalises2nd Regiment of BRAHMOS Missile

An advanced version of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was successfully redby the Indian Army at the Pokhran range of Rajasthan on March, 04, 2012. This wasthe 26th ight test of the BrahMos missile system.

Dr A Sivathanu Pillai the founder CEO and mentor of the mostsuccessful Joint Venture between India and Russia - BrahMosAerospace recently in aseminar explaining the future plans of the JV has said that the air-version launches willstart by this year end and the underwater launch of BRAHMOS will also take place soonmaking it a truly Universal weapon with launch capabilities from Land, Sea, sub-sea andAir. He has been dynamically leading the JV from one milestone to another from the date ofincorporation in the year 1998.

Naval Launches: On 30th November 2011 BRAHMOS missilehas been tested successfully from Baltic Sea in the newly builtfrigate 1135.6 for the Indian Navy. This was followed by another launch on the 27th January

2012 from R-class of ship from eastern coast of India.BRAHMOS submarine Launch Version:BRAHMOS missile is capable of being launched from submarine from a depth of 40-50 metres.The missile is installed in a modular launcher vertically in the pressure hull of the submarine. The missile has identical congurationsimilar to the ship based system. The canisterised missile is launched vertically; the nose cap prevents water from entering the 'air-intake' during the underwater ight. Once the missile emerges from the water, the sensors provide the out of water command andthe nose cap is red for turning the missile in the desired direction to hit the target. BRAHMOS installation in submarine will increasemany folds the 'offensive power' of the vessel without compromising on its 'defensive power' as the torpedo tubes can be fully utilisedfor defence. All studies and simulation trials related to underwater launch have been completed.

Land, Air And Sea: With the Indian Air Force placing an order for the ground based weapon complex and work in full swing foradaptation of BRAHMOS under Su-30MKIaircraft, BRAHMOS has become the only cruise missile to be used by all the three servicesof the Indian Armed Forces thus paving the path for network centric joint operations by the three forces in case of conict.

Hypersonic BRAHMOS: The hypersonic version of the BrahMos, to be called BrahMos-II, is in its design and technological development

stage. It will take some time to mature. But our aim is for it to touch Mach 5 to 7 speeds, making it the fastest cruise missile in theworld," said Dr Pillai.

The BrahMos Weapon Complex with its universality of operation, lethality of strike and accuracy of hit has become the most soughtafter weapon systems having the potential of providing the winning edge to its users be they from Sea, Land or Air.


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Documents

DSA Alert April-2012