Dr. Kevin Kahn Intel Senior Fellow & Director ...cfp.mit.edu/events/jan05/presentations/Kahn_WiMax.pdf · Dr. Kevin Kahn Intel Senior Fellow & Director ... DL/UL ratio is fixed in

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© 2005 Intel Corporation

Evolution of WiMAX Beyond Fixed Access Networks

Evolution of WiMAX Beyond Fixed Access Networks

January 27, 2005January 27, 2005

Dr. Kevin KahnDr. Kevin KahnIntel Senior Fellow & DirectorIntel Senior Fellow & DirectorCommunications Technology LabCommunications Technology LabIntel CorporationIntel Corporation

• 1 • Communications TechnologyCommunications Technology LabLab


AgendaAgenda!! What is What is WiMaxWiMax??!! Deployment Vision, Roadmap, SpectrumDeployment Vision, Roadmap, Spectrum!! End to end architectureEnd to end architecture!! Relationship to 3G evolution and “4G”Relationship to 3G evolution and “4G”



What is WiMaxWhat is WiMax!! WiMaxWiMax is IEEE WWAN technology (802.16)is IEEE WWAN technology (802.16)!! 802.16802.16--2004: Fixed access BB access2004: Fixed access BB access!! 802.16e: Mobile BB access802.16e: Mobile BB access

!! Initially nomadic usageInitially nomadic usage!! Ultimately mobile usageUltimately mobile usage

!! 3G adjunct or competitor?3G adjunct or competitor?!! Optimized for data not voiceOptimized for data not voice!! Some technical advantages for data Some technical advantages for data vsvs 3G3G

!! Licensed and unlicensed rolesLicensed and unlicensed roles!! WiMaxWiMax Forum is the industry groupForum is the industry group



WiMAX PHY AdvantagesWiMAX PHY Advantages!! Bandwidth scalabilityBandwidth scalability

!! Subcarrier allocation: wider BW allocation range than variable rSubcarrier allocation: wider BW allocation range than variable rate CDMAate CDMA!! Supports higher peak data rate for bursty users (flexible allocaSupports higher peak data rate for bursty users (flexible allocation per user)tion per user)!! Supports wider variation of spectrum bandwidths (HSDPA limited tSupports wider variation of spectrum bandwidths (HSDPA limited to 5 MHz)o 5 MHz)

!! Symmetric downlink/uplink Symmetric downlink/uplink !! HSDPA only for downlink; uplink counterpart HSUPA yet to be deveHSDPA only for downlink; uplink counterpart HSUPA yet to be developedloped!! DL/UL ratio is fixed in WCDMA/HSDPA; dynamically configurable inDL/UL ratio is fixed in WCDMA/HSDPA; dynamically configurable in WiMAXWiMAX

!! Spectrum efficiencySpectrum efficiency!! Subcarrier allocation takes advantage of multiSubcarrier allocation takes advantage of multi--user frequency selectivityuser frequency selectivity!! PerPer--subcarriersubcarrier adaptive coding/modulation achieves better efficiencyadaptive coding/modulation achieves better efficiency

!! MIMO friendlyMIMO friendly!! Supports adaptive antenna enhancements in frequency selective chSupports adaptive antenna enhancements in frequency selective channel annel

(beam forming, space time coding, spatial multiplexing and SDMA)(beam forming, space time coding, spatial multiplexing and SDMA)!! MIMO for WCDMA requires complex preMIMO for WCDMA requires complex pre--processing for similar gainsprocessing for similar gains

!! Reduced uplink nearReduced uplink near--far problemfar problem!! Orthogonal subcarrier uplink allocation relaxes need for tight pOrthogonal subcarrier uplink allocation relaxes need for tight power control ower control

(HSDPA must have fast power(HSDPA must have fast power--control to avoid the nearcontrol to avoid the near--far problem)far problem)



Worldwide WiMAX VisionWorldwide WiMAX Vision

FIXED ACCESS PORTABILITY FULL MOBILITY

Wi-Fi Hotspot

Wi-FiFixed Fixed

OutdoorOutdoor

BackhaulBackhaul

Nomadicity/Nomadicity/PortabilityPortability

EnterpriseEnterpriseCampus PiconetCampus Piconet

Fixed Fixed IndoorIndoor Mobile DataMobile Data

2005 2006 2007/2008



Portability and MobilityPortability and Mobility!! Portable Service ‘Extended WiFi’ Usage ModelPortable Service ‘Extended WiFi’ Usage Model

!! Predominately notebook PC clients and PDA devicesPredominately notebook PC clients and PDA devices!! Nomadic usage Nomadic usage –– Stationary access Stationary access

!! reconnect, authenticate at each locationreconnect, authenticate at each location!! Portable usage Portable usage –– Nomadic service plus limited L3 mobilityNomadic service plus limited L3 mobility

!! pedestrian movement, latency tolerant handoffpedestrian movement, latency tolerant handoff!! Mobility: Best effort Mobility: Best effort QoSQoS / handoff moving from BS to BS/ handoff moving from BS to BS

!! Mobility Service ‘Enhanced 3G data’ usage modelMobility Service ‘Enhanced 3G data’ usage model!! PC, PDA plus voice/data handhelds, vehicular PC, PDA plus voice/data handhelds, vehicular telematicstelematics!! Full mobile usage: portable model plusFull mobile usage: portable model plus

!! Real time handoff during BS/BS transitionsReal time handoff during BS/BS transitions!! Continuity of sessions and realContinuity of sessions and real--time applicationstime applications!! Support for vehicular data access while movingSupport for vehicular data access while moving



.16-2004

Air Interface

Worldwide Standards Are KeyWorldwide Standards Are Key

North AmericaNorth AmericaLicensed 2.5Licensed 2.5

Unlicensed 5 GHzUnlicensed 5 GHzLicensed 700MhzLicensed 700Mhz

Central andCentral andSouth AmericaSouth America2.5, 3.5 & 5 GHz2.5, 3.5 & 5 GHz

APACAPAC2.3, 3.5 & 5 GHz2.3, 3.5 & 5 GHz

W. & E, EuropeW. & E, Europe3.5 & 5 GHz3.5 & 5 GHz

Middle EastMiddle East& Africa& Africa

3.5 & 5 GHz3.5 & 5 GHz

.16e

WiFiCompatability

& Interop-- One 802.16 Standard for One 802.16 Standard for portable and mobileportable and mobile

-- Harmonize Harmonize WiFiWiFi, WiMAX , WiMAX networks, clients for networks, clients for complementary usecomplementary use

-- Work toward common Work toward common spectrum for licensed spectrum for licensed and unlicensed radiosand unlicensed radios

-- E2E architecture that E2E architecture that comprehends IP and 3G comprehends IP and 3G based operatorsbased operators

Air Interface

WiMAX Compatibility & Interoperability

Trademarks and Brands are the property of their respective owners

.11Air Interface

Harmonization of802.16 portable/mobile

and 802.11 WiFi



Applicable SpectrumApplicable Spectrum!! LicensedLicensed

!! 2.5GHz, 3.5Ghz depending upon national rules2.5GHz, 3.5Ghz depending upon national rules!! possible sub 1GHz, possible IMTpossible sub 1GHz, possible IMT--20002000

!! UnlicensedUnlicensed!! 5.8GHz worldwide5.8GHz worldwide!! Rural deploymentRural deployment!! Emerging market deploymentEmerging market deployment!! Large campus private deploymentLarge campus private deployment!! Grass roots usage (similar to .11 free nets)Grass roots usage (similar to .11 free nets)


© 2005 Intel CorporationWiMAX Spectrum OutlookWiMAX Spectrum Outlook

L3/MSVL3/MSV800800--900 MHz900 MHz2G/Cellular2G/Cellular

2.5/3G2.5/3G1.71.7--1.9, 2.1 GHz FDD1.9, 2.1 GHz FDD2.5/3G Spectrum2.5/3G Spectrum

McCawMcCaw, Sprint, BT, , Sprint, BT, KoreaKorea

2.5 GHz FDD/TDD2.5 GHz FDD/TDDIMTIMT--2000 Extension2000 Extension

BroadcastBroadcast

QualcommQualcomm700 MHz FDD700 MHz FDD

SatelliteSatellite

L3/MSVL3/MSV1.5 GHz1.5 GHz

KoreaKorea

2.3 GHz2.3 GHz

Fixed WLL SpectrumFixed WLL Spectrum

ILECsILECs, , CLECsCLECs, , CNC, RelianceCNC, Reliance

3.5 GHz FDD/TDD3.5 GHz FDD/TDDFixed UnlicensedFixed Unlicensed

WISPsWISPs5.8 GHz FDD5.8 GHz FDDKey OperatorsKey Operators20092009200820082007200720062006

Suitability for Mobility?

Korea US EuropeAsia

Cellular

Explore Future

5.5-8 GHz20 MHz

Channels

5.5-8 GHz20 MHz

Channels

3.3/3.5 GHz3.5-7 MHzChannels

3.3/3.5 GHz3.5-7 MHzChannels

2.3/2.5 GHz5-10 MHzChannels

2.3/2.5 GHz5-10 MHzChannels

1.7-1.9 GHz1.25 MHz

Channels

1.7-1.9 GHz1.25 MHz

Channels

700 MHz6 MHz

Channels

700 MHz6 MHz

Channels



End-end ArchitectureEnd-end Architecture!! 802.16 Focus is 802.16 Focus is PhyPhy/MAC/MAC!! MINA group started to define architectureMINA group started to define architecture!! Work moved into Work moved into WiMaxWiMax ForumForum!! 3GPP for harmonization discussions ahead3GPP for harmonization discussions ahead

Fixed Mobile

BroadbandService ProviderGroup

Sets CarrierMobility

Requirements

MINA Working GroupAccelerate specification of

usage, evolution andconsistent network reference

model + interfaces forWiMAX networks

Wi-Fi AllianceLiasion

802.11

Interworking

Expand WiMAX Forum Charter



Why MINA Specification?Why MINA Specification?

PHY

MAC

CS

Mobility Agent

RANNetwork

3G Core

Network

IP / Internet

BaseStation

Core Networks

PHY

MAC

CS

FixedClient

Upper LayerFunctions

PHY

MAC

CS

Upper Layers /IP Stack

MobileClient

Mobile ClientFunctions

.16d/e.16d .16d/e

Core Networks/Applications

IEEE 802.16/NETMAN SG

No ExistingSpecs orStandards

MINA addresses upper layer architecture & interface specifications out of scope for 802.16, NETMAN, & core network efforts



Relationship to 3G+ TrendsRelationship to 3G+ Trends!! Interest in OFDM addInterest in OFDM add--on to 3Gon to 3G

!! E.g., DoCoMo Super 3G proposalsE.g., DoCoMo Super 3G proposals

!! Interest in IP Infrastructure (all IP net)Interest in IP Infrastructure (all IP net)!! Data services inherently packet orientedData services inherently packet oriented

!! Better Packet handlingBetter Packet handling!! More flexible radio More flexible radio phyphy

!! Variety of bands and evolving modulationsVariety of bands and evolving modulations



Key WiMAX Success FactorsKey WiMAX Success Factors!! Client CapabilitiesClient Capabilities

!! Applications and devices that utilize network servicesApplications and devices that utilize network services!! Power management for extended battery lifePower management for extended battery life

!! Radio PerformanceRadio Performance!! Improvement in spectral efficiency for data services vs. 3GImprovement in spectral efficiency for data services vs. 3G!! Comparable or better indoor penetration vs. 3GComparable or better indoor penetration vs. 3G!! Complementary range and coverage to Complementary range and coverage to WiFiWiFi

!! Flexible NetworksFlexible Networks!! Fully interoperable IP based network elementsFully interoperable IP based network elements!! RAN architectures that support multiRAN architectures that support multi--operator interestsoperator interests

!! Greenfield operatorsGreenfield operators!! DSL/Cable wireline operatorsDSL/Cable wireline operators!! 2G/3G mobile operators2G/3G mobile operators

!! RAN architecture independence from operator IP core networksRAN architecture independence from operator IP core networks!! Overall SystemOverall System

!! Wide area wireless network that meets market cost modelsWide area wireless network that meets market cost models!! CapExCapEx: Infrastructure and client costs, spectrum licenses: Infrastructure and client costs, spectrum licenses!! OpExOpEx: Spectrum efficiency, client management and support: Spectrum efficiency, client management and support



Evolution of Mobile NetworksEvolution of Mobile Networks

CoverageCoverageCoverageCoverage/mobility/mobility/mobility/mobility

indoorindoorindoorindoor outdooroutdooroutdooroutdoor

Band

wid

thBa

ndw

idth

Band

wid

thBa

ndw

idth

Evolution

Evolution

Evolution

Evolution

Toward 4G

Toward 4G

Toward 4G

Toward 4G

WiMAX / 802.16e

0.1

1

10

100MbpsMbpsMbpsMbps

ISMISMISMISM----WLANWLANWLANWLANHSDPA (3G)HSDPA (3G)HSDPA (3G)HSDPA (3G)

cellularcellularcellularcellular

stationarystationarystationarystationary pedestrianpedestrianpedestrianpedestrian stationarystationarystationarystationary pedestrianpedestrianpedestrianpedestrian vehicularvehicularvehicularvehicular

WiM

AX/ 8

02./1

6eW

iMAX

/ 802

./16e

WiM

AX/ 8

02./1

6eW

iMAX

/ 802

./16e

MIN

AM

INA

MIN

AM

INA

IMT2000IMT2000IMT2000IMT2000EvolutionEvolutionEvolutionEvolution

Super 3GSuper 3GSuper 3GSuper 3G

3GPP/PP2 WiMax Forum802.16e

WWRF

DVBBroadcast Downlink

DVB /OMA/ 3GPP

Network of networksSeamless interworking

Documents

Dr. Kevin Kahn Intel Senior Fellow & Director ...cfp.mit.edu/events/jan05/presentations/Kahn_WiMax.pdf · Dr. Kevin Kahn Intel Senior Fellow & Director ... DL/UL ratio is fixed in