Greg Osterman, Kevin Bowman, Brian Kahn, Bill Irion

Use of TES, AIRS and other satellite Use of TES, AIRS and other satellite data for evaluation of air quality data for evaluation of air quality

modeling efforts by the Texas modeling efforts by the Texas Commission on Environmental Commission on Environmental

Quality Quality

Fall AGU 2007 – A54C-08Fall AGU 2007 – A54C-08December 14, 2007December 14, 2007

Greg Osterman, Kevin Bowman, Brian Kahn, Bill IrionGreg Osterman, Kevin Bowman, Brian Kahn, Bill IrionJet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of TechnologyJet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology

Mark Estes, Clint Harper, Weining ZhaoMark Estes, Clint Harper, Weining ZhaoTexas Commission on Environmental QualityTexas Commission on Environmental Quality

Jay Al-SaadiJay Al-SaadiNASA Langley Research CenterNASA Langley Research Center

Brad PierceBrad PierceNOAA/NESDISNOAA/NESDIS

What we hope to do …What we hope to do … Collaborate with the Texas Commission on Collaborate with the Texas Commission on

Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team Environmental Quality (TCEQ) modeling team provide the best possible results of modeling provide the best possible results of modeling ozone episodes used to help determine emission ozone episodes used to help determine emission controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA controls to bring Texas into attainment with EPA standardsstandards



1)1) Use chemical transport model results as lateral Use chemical transport model results as lateral and vertical boundary conditions for the TCEQ and vertical boundary conditions for the TCEQ air quality model (CAMx)air quality model (CAMx)




2)2) Use TES (O3 and CO), AIRS (Temp, H2O, CO) for Use TES (O3 and CO), AIRS (Temp, H2O, CO) for benchmarking MM5 and CAMx model resultsbenchmarking MM5 and CAMx model results




2)2) Use TES (O3 and CO), AIRS (Temp, H2O, CO)) for Use TES (O3 and CO), AIRS (Temp, H2O, CO)) for benchmarking MM5 and CAMx model resultsbenchmarking MM5 and CAMx model results

3)3) Evaluate the effects of transport of pollutants Evaluate the effects of transport of pollutants originating outside the state boundariesoriginating outside the state boundaries



1)1) Use chemical transport model results as lateral Use chemical transport model results as lateral and vertical boundary conditions for the TCEQ air and vertical boundary conditions for the TCEQ air quality model (CAMx)quality model (CAMx)

2)2) Use TES (O3 and CO), AIRS (Temp, H2O, CO)) for Use TES (O3 and CO), AIRS (Temp, H2O, CO)) for benchmarking MM5 and CAMx model resultsbenchmarking MM5 and CAMx model results

3)3) Evaluate the effects of transport of pollutants Evaluate the effects of transport of pollutants originating outside the state boundariesoriginating outside the state boundaries

Direct use of satellite data to benchmark model Direct use of satellite data to benchmark model results used in making air quality policy decisionsresults used in making air quality policy decisions

State Implementation Plan (SIP)State Implementation Plan (SIP) An enforceable plan developed at the An enforceable plan developed at the

state level that explains how the state will state level that explains how the state will comply with the Federal Clean Air Actcomply with the Federal Clean Air Act

Revisions must be submitted by any state Revisions must be submitted by any state that has areas designated as in that has areas designated as in nonattainment of EPA national ambient air nonattainment of EPA national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) quality standards (NAAQS)

In 2007, the state of Texas approved SIP In 2007, the state of Texas approved SIP revisions (eight hour surface ozone) for:revisions (eight hour surface ozone) for: Houston/Galveston/Beaumont (HGB)Houston/Galveston/Beaumont (HGB) Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW)Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW)

State Implementation Plan (SIP)State Implementation Plan (SIP) An enforceable plan developed at the An enforceable plan developed at the

state level that explains how the state will state level that explains how the state will comply with the Federal Clean Air Actcomply with the Federal Clean Air Act

Revisions must be submitted by any state Revisions must be submitted by any state that has areas designated as in that has areas designated as in nonattainment of EPA national ambient air nonattainment of EPA national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) quality standards (NAAQS)

In 2007, the state of Texas approved SIP In 2007, the state of Texas approved SIP revisions (eight hour surface ozone) for:revisions (eight hour surface ozone) for: Houston/Galveston/Beaumont (HGB)Houston/Galveston/Beaumont (HGB) Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW)Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW)

State Implementation Plan (SIP)State Implementation Plan (SIP) The first step in the The first step in the

development of a development of a SIP revision is a SIP revision is a period of data period of data collection and collection and modelingmodeling

Episodes for HGB to Episodes for HGB to be modeled for the be modeled for the next SIP revision:next SIP revision: May-August 2005May-August 2005 May-June 2006May-June 2006 August-October August-October

2006 (Texas Air 2006 (Texas Air Quality Study II)Quality Study II)

TCEQ uses the TCEQ uses the CAMx model for air CAMx model for air quality and MM5 for quality and MM5 for meteorological meteorological fieldsfields

MM5

State Implementation Plan (SIP)State Implementation Plan (SIP) The first step in the The first step in the

development of a development of a SIP revision is a SIP revision is a period of data period of data collection and collection and modelingmodeling

Episodes for HGB to Episodes for HGB to be modeled for the be modeled for the next SIP revision:next SIP revision: May-August 2005May-August 2005 May-June 2006May-June 2006 August-October August-October

2006 (Texas Air 2006 (Texas Air Quality Study II)Quality Study II)

TCEQ uses the TCEQ uses the CAMx model for air CAMx model for air quality and MM5 for quality and MM5 for meteorological meteorological fieldsfields

CAMx

TCEQ Modeling for SIPTCEQ Modeling for SIP

MM5 Met Model

Boundary

Conditions

CAMx AQ Model

Emission Inventory Modeling


MM5 Met Model

Boundary

Conditions

CAMx AQ Model

Model Evaluatio

n



MM5 Met Model

Boundary

Conditions

CAMx AQ Model

Model Evaluatio

n

Modeling of Future Emission

Scenarios



MM5 Met Model

Boundary

Conditions

CAMx AQ Model

Modeling of Future Emission

Scenarios

Model Evaluatio

n

Model Evaluatio

n


Improved Boundary ConditionsImproved Boundary Conditions

The RAQMS team has provided an analysis The RAQMS team has provided an analysis for 2006 that can be developed into for 2006 that can be developed into boundary conditions for use in CAMx by TCEQboundary conditions for use in CAMx by TCEQ RAQMS assimilates TES O3 and CO, OMI total O3, RAQMS assimilates TES O3 and CO, OMI total O3,

MODIS fire count data (Pierce et al. A14D-04)MODIS fire count data (Pierce et al. A14D-04) For the 2005 time periods, we will use For the 2005 time periods, we will use

boundary conditions developed from Near boundary conditions developed from Near Real Time GEOS-Chem resultsReal Time GEOS-Chem results

Evaluate and quantify the effects of the new Evaluate and quantify the effects of the new boundary conditions on the CAMx model boundary conditions on the CAMx model resultsresults

Previous Study: RAQMS Boundary Previous Study: RAQMS Boundary Conditions used in CMAQConditions used in CMAQ

http://aiwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/esappdocs/benchmarks/AirQuality_CMAQ_Benchmark_Final.pdfhttp://aiwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/esappdocs/benchmarks/AirQuality_CMAQ_Benchmark_Final.pdf

An evaluation during the summer 1999 Southern Oxidants Study is presented in a benchmark report for the Air Quality Applications Program Greatest difference over Western United States and off the East coast of the US Study prior to development of assimilation capabilities

Previous Study: EPA Region 9 Previous Study: EPA Region 9 Advanced Monitoring InitiativeAdvanced Monitoring Initiative

Goal:Goal: Use of satellite data to Use of satellite data to augment EPA activities in augment EPA activities in trying to mitigate the health trying to mitigate the health effects of ozone episodes effects of ozone episodes along the US-Mexico Borderalong the US-Mexico Border

Use of TES, OMI data with Use of TES, OMI data with ozonsondes, EPA surface ozonsondes, EPA surface monitors, health data and monitors, health data and modelsmodels

Collaboration between EPA Collaboration between EPA Region 9, JPL, UC-Berkeley, Region 9, JPL, UC-Berkeley, NASA Ames RC, Arizona St NASA Ames RC, Arizona St UniversityUniversity

Preliminary Result:Preliminary Result: Improvements in modeling Improvements in modeling of free troposphere by AQ of free troposphere by AQ ModelsModels

CMAQ Using TES Boundary Conditions

CMAQ Prior to use of TES

Model EvaluationModel Evaluation Meteorological Meteorological

Modeling (MM5):Modeling (MM5): Seawinds on Quickscat Seawinds on Quickscat

for evaluation of model for evaluation of model wind fieldswind fields

AMSR-E sea surface AMSR-E sea surface temperatures in the temperatures in the Gulf of MexicoGulf of Mexico

AIRS temperature and AIRS temperature and water fieldswater fields

Chemical modeling Chemical modeling (CAMx):(CAMx): TES ozone and carbon TES ozone and carbon

monoxide, AIRS carbon monoxide, AIRS carbon monoxide to evaluate monoxide to evaluate the model fields in the the model fields in the tropospheretroposphere

Improvement over use Improvement over use of surface monitors only of surface monitors only as a model validation as a model validation tooltool

Model EvaluationModel Evaluation

TCEQ Modeling Grid

Model EvaluationModel EvaluationTCEQ Modeling Grid

Model EvaluationModel EvaluationTCEQ Modeling Grid

Transport: Elevated CO and O3 over Transport: Elevated CO and O3 over Houston region observed from TES Step Houston region observed from TES Step & Stare on August 23, 2006 (TexAQS II)& Stare on August 23, 2006 (TexAQS II)

What is the origin of the August What is the origin of the August 23 ozone and CO enhancement?23 ozone and CO enhancement?

TES orbitsTES orbits

White lines representWhite lines represent5-day back-trajectories5-day back-trajectoriesemanating from Houstonemanating from HoustonAIRNow Metropolitan AIRNow Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) sites statistical area (MSA) sites

Color contours are Color contours are Reverse-Domain Filled Reverse-Domain Filled (RDF) Lagrangian (RDF) Lagrangian averaged ozone from averaged ozone from the RAQMS analysisthe RAQMS analysis

RAQMS Back Trajectories

What is the origin of the August What is the origin of the August 23 ozone and CO enhancement?23 ozone and CO enhancement?

TES orbitsTES orbits

White lines representWhite lines represent5-day back-trajectories5-day back-trajectoriesemanating from Houstonemanating from HoustonAIRNow Metropolitan AIRNow Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) sites statistical area (MSA) sites

Color contours are Color contours are Reverse-Domain Filled Reverse-Domain Filled (RDF) Lagrangian (RDF) Lagrangian averaged ozone from averaged ozone from the RAQMS analysisthe RAQMS analysis

RAQMS Back Trajectories

Moderate values (60-70ppb)Moderate values (60-70ppb)over Houston, but high over Houston, but high valuesvaluesover Tennessee, Kentucky, over Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, and Arkansas (~80 Alabama, and Arkansas (~80 ppb)ppb)

Process history of O3 and COProcess history of O3 and CO

Ozone production in the boundary Ozone production in the boundary layerlayerabout 4 days prior to arrival in about 4 days prior to arrival in HoustonHouston

Conclusions from Aug 23 Conclusions from Aug 23 CaseCase

Enhancement in both CO and O3 observed by TES east Enhancement in both CO and O3 observed by TES east of the Houston areaof the Houston area Slightly higher values than in RAQMS fieldsSlightly higher values than in RAQMS fields Consistent with AIRS CO and O3Consistent with AIRS CO and O3

Model analysis suggests anthropogenic production of Model analysis suggests anthropogenic production of ozone from surface emissions at -90 hrs.ozone from surface emissions at -90 hrs.

MODIS Rapid Response maps suggest fires burning in SE MODIS Rapid Response maps suggest fires burning in SE United States throughout August United States throughout August

Hysplit trajectories suggest ozone at 850 hPa observed Hysplit trajectories suggest ozone at 850 hPa observed by TES moved back over the Midwestern United Statesby TES moved back over the Midwestern United States

O3 observed in upper troposphere appears to come O3 observed in upper troposphere appears to come from the Southeastern USfrom the Southeastern US

TES retrievals of CO and O3 vertical profiles in TES retrievals of CO and O3 vertical profiles in conjunction with the RAQMS global model provide a conjunction with the RAQMS global model provide a means of investigating the impact of distant sources on means of investigating the impact of distant sources on the background concentrations over Texasthe background concentrations over Texas Important concern of TCEQ and other researchers studying Important concern of TCEQ and other researchers studying

Air Quality in TexasAir Quality in Texas Ozone at 850 hPa on Aug 23rd, 2006 is above the Ozone at 850 hPa on Aug 23rd, 2006 is above the

boundary layer and therefore will have minimal impact on boundary layer and therefore will have minimal impact on Houston air qualityHouston air quality

SummarySummary

Embarking on a multiyear project to collaborate Embarking on a multiyear project to collaborate with TCEQ on using chemical model results and with TCEQ on using chemical model results and satellite data as part of their modeling effortsatellite data as part of their modeling effort Provide improved boundary conditions for use in CAMxProvide improved boundary conditions for use in CAMx Provide satellite data for use in model benchmarkingProvide satellite data for use in model benchmarking Science studies using RAQMS, TES and AIRS provide Science studies using RAQMS, TES and AIRS provide

information on transport of air pollution into Texasinformation on transport of air pollution into Texas Methods used in this project can easily be adapted Methods used in this project can easily be adapted

to other air quality model systems and locationsto other air quality model systems and locations Application of the satellite data into an air quality Application of the satellite data into an air quality

decision support systemdecision support system The JPL/TES team is working directly with air The JPL/TES team is working directly with air

quality community to help with the use of satellite quality community to help with the use of satellite data (applied or scientific studies)data (applied or scientific studies)

Documents

Greg Osterman, Kevin Bowman, Brian Kahn, Bill Irion