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Session ID: 102215 American Psychiatric Nurses Association Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNSBC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNSBC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 1 Creating Standardized Patient Simulations for IPE Team‐Based Care Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNSBC, FAAN Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNSBC Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD University of Minnesota Disclosure Dr. Kaas, Dr. Peterson, and Dr. Miller have no conflicts of interest to disclose Dr. Kaas, Dr. Peterson, and Dr. Miller have nothing to disclose regarding offlabel use or the potential of offlabel use of drugs/products. Introductions Merrie J. Kaas, Ph.D, RN, PMHCNSBC Associate Professor, Specialty Coordinator PMH NP DNP program PI, HRSA ANE Grant: Enhancing Interprofessional Integrative Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Education to Address Health Care of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders and Other Chronic Conditions Jane Lindsay Miller, MA, PhD Assistant Professor, Dept. of Family Medicine and Community Health Director, Interprofessional Education and Resource Center & AHC Simulation Center Barbara Peterson, Ph.D, RN, PMHCNSBC Clinical Assistant Professor HRSA Faculty CUHCC Clinical nurse specialist Workshop Purpose Share practical steps for developing, implementing, and evaluating interprofessional mental health simulations Share best practices in using standardized patients to teach and assess interprofessional (PMHNP DNP, Pharm D., OT) clinical interviewing skills and interprofessional teambased care Workshop Objectives Identify strategies for writing compelling, authentic, IPE teambased care cases Discuss best practices for recruiting and training SPs, and evaluating IPE team simulations Describe methods for student assessment and evaluation, including simulation debriefing after IPE teambased care simulations PMH Graduate Program SP Simulations 20072010: Psychiatric Diagnostic Assessment for PMH CNS 2010current BSDNP courses: Foundations in Integrative Mental Health Psychiatric Diagnostic Assessment 2015: initial discussions about adding SP simulation for psychotherapy 20132016: HRSA ANE grant: IPE team –based SP simulations Pharmacy and Nursing clinical interviewing and diagnostic assessment

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Page 1: Disclosure Creating Standardized Patient Simulations for …eo2.commpartners.com/users/apna_kc/downloads/1022 … ·  · 2016-02-09Simulation Center Barbara Peterson ... • Multiple

Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 1

CreatingStandardizedPatientSimulationsforIPETeam‐BasedCareMerrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN

Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC

Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD

University of Minnesota 

Disclosure

• Dr. Kaas, Dr. Peterson, and Dr. Miller have no conflicts of interest to disclose

• Dr. Kaas, Dr. Peterson, and Dr. Miller have nothing to disclose regarding off‐label use or the potential of off‐label use of drugs/products.

IntroductionsMerrie  J. Kaas, Ph.D, RN, PMHCNS‐BC

• Associate Professor, Specialty Coordinator PMH NP DNP program

• PI, HRSA ANE Grant: Enhancing Interprofessional Integrative Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Education to Address Health Care of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders and Other Chronic Conditions

Jane Lindsay Miller, MA, PhD

• Assistant Professor, Dept. of Family Medicine and Community Health

• Director, Interprofessional Education and Resource Center & AHC Simulation Center

Barbara Peterson, Ph.D, RN, PMHCNS‐BC

• Clinical Assistant Professor

• HRSA Faculty

• CUHCC  Clinical nurse specialist 

WorkshopPurpose

• Share practical steps for developing, implementing, and evaluating interprofessionalmental health simulations 

• Share best practices in using standardized patients to teach and assess interprofessional(PMHNP DNP, Pharm D., OT) clinical interviewing skills and interprofessional team‐based care

WorkshopObjectives

• Identify strategies for writing compelling, authentic, IPE team‐based care cases 

• Discuss best practices for recruiting and training SPs, and evaluating IPE team simulations

• Describe methods for student assessment and evaluation, including simulation debriefing after IPE team‐based care simulations

PMHGraduateProgramSPSimulations• 2007‐ 2010:  

• Psychiatric Diagnostic Assessment for PMH CNS

• 2010‐ current BS‐DNP courses:  

• Foundations in Integrative Mental Health

• Psychiatric Diagnostic Assessment

2015: initial discussions about adding SP simulation for psychotherapy

2013‐2016: HRSA ANE grant:

• IPE team –based SP simulations 

• Pharmacy and Nursing clinical interviewing and diagnostic assessment

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Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 2

HRSAANEGrantAims• Goal 1:  Enhance the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) Doctor of Nursing Practice didactic and clinical courses with culturally‐sensitive and age‐specific, evidence‐based integrative approaches for persons with multiple chronic mental and physical health conditions

• Goal 2: Create IP educational learning experiences based on the Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice to prepare health professional students, faculty and mental health site clinical staff for IP mental health collaborative practice

• Goal 3: Design, implement and evaluate agency‐tailored, authentic IP clinical education experiential curriculum for PMHNP, Pharmacy and OT students in partnership with two community‐based mental health care agencies, Touchstone Mental Health and Wilder Child Guidance Center. 

Assumptions

• Commitment to IPEC Competencies:

• Values and ethics• Roles and responsibilities• Interprofessional communication

• Teams and teamwork

• Commitment to accepted definition (HRSA) of the Triple Aim:

• Quality and patient satisfaction in care• Accessibility of care• Cost accountability in care

Definitions• Interprofessional education “occurs when two or more professions learn with, about, and from each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes.” (CAIPE, WHO)

• Interprofessional, collaborative practice “occurs when multiple health workers and students from different professional backgrounds provide comprehensive health services by working with patients, their families, carers (caregivers), and communities to deliver the highest quality of care across settings.” (CAIE, 1987)

• Clinical simulation uses “authentic re‐creation” to allow participants to “acquire or practice clinical skills with the intention of improving the quality of care and/or patient safety.”

21st CenturyTeam‐ careModelsEngage patients, families, and communities with more comprehensive, accessible, coordinated and high quality 

care at lower costs

• Emphasis on primary, preventive and “upstream” care

• Care is integrated between: 

• Primary care, sub‐specialties, home health agencies and nursing homes/transitional care

• Health care system and community‐based social services

• EHRs used to monitor patient and population health—increased use of data for risk‐stratification and hot spotting

• Interventions focused at both patient‐ and population‐level

• Move toward “risk‐based” and “value‐based” payment models

Barr’sThreeTypesofProfessionalCompetencies(1998)

Common

Competencies

IP Collaborative Competencies

Individual Professional 

Competencies: Complementary

Interprofessional EducationCollaborative(IPEC)

Consortium of 6 healthcare education accreditation bodies

• American Association of Colleges of Nursing

• American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine

• American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy

• American Dental Education Association

• Association of American Medical Colleges

• Association of Schools of Public Health

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Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 3

IPECCompetencies

• Domain 1: Values and Ethics• Key concepts: mutual respect, Trust Honors diversity of professional expertise

• Domain 2: Roles and Responsibilities• Key concepts: “variety” diversity and “disparity” diversity

• Domain 3: IP Communication• Key concepts: Being available in place, time, and knowledge; Being receptive through displaying interest

• Domain 4: Teams and Teamwork

• Key concepts: working understanding of team dynamics, including conflict; Shared accountability, problem‐solving, and decision‐making

DevelopingIPETeam‐basedSimulations• Faculty work

• Student work

• Simulation center staff work

Thecontinuumofsimulation Taxonomyofsimulationmodalities

Modality Advantages Disadvantages

Screen-Based (e.g. MicroSim, Virtual SP)

Distributable Sensory-specific

Human actors (e.g. SPs, confederates)

Realism, low cost Sims are resource intensive

Task trainers (e.g. Blue Phantom)

Efficient, built-in assessment

Limited to one skill set

Human patient sims (e.g. METI HPS)

High-fidelity, skills integration

Cost, programming & maintenance

Bestpracticesinimmersivesimulation• Providing feedback

• Repetitive practice

• Variability in task difficulty

• Simulations in a controlled, standardized environment

• Multiple learning strategies

• Curriculum integration‐SB Issenberg, et al 2005

IPESimulationDesignPrinciples

Five key themes

• Enthusiasm and motivation

• Professional role assignment

• Scenario realism

• Facilitator style and background

• Team facilitation

SOURCE: M van Soeren, et al. 2011. Simulated interprofessional education: An analysis of teaching and learning processes. Journal of Interprofessional Care.

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Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 4

WritingIPTeam‐BasedCareCases

Cases and scenarios need to be: 

• Rooted in the lives and experiences of real patients (NOT composites, NOT exotic hypotheticals)

• Present clinical challenges that correspond to specific clinical and team challenges (e.g. using a medical v. nursing model for providing comprehensive care)

• Level‐appropriate for learners (consider previous clinical and team experience of learners)

• Realistic team care scenarios (i.e. professional team compositions that make sense, whether we currently organize teams this way or not)

UsingtheIPEcasedevelopmenttemplate• Developed to help faculty and learners create patient‐oriented simulated cases

• Focused on the qualities and characteristics that make a case authentic and challenging

• interprofessional competencies

• learning and assessment goals

• Clinical context

• Patient history

• Prompts and special instructions

• critical for establishing the range of acceptable performance

TranslatingaNursing‐focusedCasetoIPTeam‐basedCase

• Cases originate from uni‐professional specialty perspectives

• How does a specialty case become an interprofessional case?

• How does a nursing/medical focus become a Mental Health Case? 

• Translating cases into IP cases requires IP perspective with input from IP colleagues

• Specialty competencies

• IP competencies

MeetRoberta:NursingCase

Small group work• Read the case

• Identify a scribe 

• What mental health needs might Roberta have? (be creative!)

• Who should be on Roberta’s interprofessional care team? 

• Using the template develop Roberta into an IP mental health case. 

• Include both IP and uni‐professional competency building aspects to your cases.

Casedevelopmentchallenges

• Weak link between case and curriculum

• Not enough information in the case

• Too much information in the case

• Case content or learning goals out of sync with learner knowledge, skills, or development

• Not enough time allowed for case development

• Poorly articulated goals

Evaluatingcases

• Does the case achieve the learning objectives?• Are the problem issues presented in the case related to the learning objectives?

• Is the case sufficiently complete, complex and focused?

• Does the case present a situation, problem or issue?

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Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 5

Evaluatingcases

• Does the case appear to be realistic?

• Are all the constituent parts of a narrative included in the case?

• Are the events and actions in the case sequenced in a logical order?

• Are the events connected with appropriate segues?

SPRecruitment• Screen for hidden agendas

• Allow for iterative changes in case development as part of the SP training process

• Include learning objectives (and any assessment tools) in SP training to help them understand the intention of each case

• Required strengths:

• Ability to stay in character no matter how students react

• Ability to sustain high levels of emotionality over time

• Ability to calibrate performance, as the situation requires

• Personal resilience

• Experience with mental health cases in particular can be draining and deleterious to the SP’s mental health

SPTrainingforTeam‐BasedCare• Explanation of team‐based models may be required – few lay people have experience of team‐based care

• Provide SPs with a synopsis of the roles of  different professions in the scenario

• Faculty from each relevant profession need to co‐create cases and participate in the training of the SPs

Simulationplanninganddevelopment

FacultyLogistics• Ensuring specialty areas and interprofressional competencies are included in writing of case

• Preparation of faculty: What to how to assess student work

• Shared language and expectations

• Students have varying clinical and patient skills

StudentPreparation• Knowledge about interprofessional education

• Knowledge about roles and function of other specialties

• Information about what to expect 

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Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 6

SPEvaluation• Standardized patients can provide valid and reliable assessment of student performance

• SP feedback can be used for student development and to enhance the role of the patient perspective in the curriculum

• SPs enrich realism in the case development process

Pre‐briefinganddebriefing

• Good facilitation practice is the foundation for IPE student team debriefing

• ‘Feedback’ and ‘debriefing’ are “two sides of the same coin”

IPEsimulationfacilitation• Facilitators of IDCP:

• Role clarification 

• “The crux to role clarification is acceptance of a less dogmatic boundary between health disciplines.”

• Role valuing

• “Showing respect for one another based on the knowledge and contribution each member brings to the group.”

SOURCE: CA Orchard, V Curran, S Kabene. 2005. Creating a culture of interdisciplinary collaborative professional practice. Medical Education Online.

IPEsimulationfacilitation• Facilitators of IDCP:

• Development of trusting relationships

• “A belief that other team members are accessible, dependable and acting with moral intent.”

• Power sharing

• “Power is shared on the basis of knowledge and expertise rather than role or title.”

SOURCE: CA Orchard, V Curran, S Kabene. 2005. Creating a culture of interdisciplinary collaborative professional practice. Medical Education Online.

Thebenefitsofestablishingsafety

• The authority of shared agreements is high

• Shared agreement allows trainer to identify and correct negative behaviors as they occur (e.g. rudeness, complaints about a particular patient)

Creatinga“safecontainer”• Create a safety net

• Demystify the process (state goals, avoid manipulation)

• Foster collegiality (“apprenticeship”)

• View errors as puzzles, not crimes (“threat” vs. “challenge” –Blaskovich, Tamaka)

• Assume best of intentions and competence

Fostering and orientation toward learning

• “…willingness to try and err at the edge of expertise or capacity, where knowledge and skills may or may not be sufficient to avoid mistakes.”

SOURCE: Rudolph, Raemer, Simon. 2014. Establishing a safe container for learning in simulation: The role of the presimulation briefing. Simulation in Healthcare.

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Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 7

Creatinga“safecontainer”

• Clarifying objectives, environment, roles, confidentiality, and expectations

• Make explicit what may seem implicit

• IERC: “We are not here to trick or humiliate you.”

• Establishing a ‘fiction contract’ with participants

• IERC: “Authentic recreation”, not simulation

SOURCE: Rudolph, Raemer, Simon. 2014. Establishing a safe container for learning in simulation: The role of the presimulationbriefing. Simulation in Healthcare.

Creatinga“safecontainer”

• High‐quality logistical management

• IERC: “Getting physical movement through the simulation space & documentation of their experience out of their way”

• Demonstrating a commitment to respecting learners and understanding their perspective

• IERC: Explicitly preparing learners for debrief; using the language of ‘co‐creation’; distinguishing between debriefing and evaluation

SOURCE: Rudolph, Raemer, Simon. 2014. Establishing a safe container for learning in simulation: The role of the presimulation briefing. Simulation in Healthcare.

Structuredfeedback• Debriefing: “A learner‐centric process designed to standardize the instructor/student debriefing interaction to assist learners in thinking about what they did, how they did it, and how they can improve.” (Phrampus)

• “…so they can continue to reflect on their clinical experiences.” (Miller)

Using‘goodjudgment’

Source: JW Rudolph, et al. Debriefing with good judgment: Combining rigorous feedback with genuine inquiry. 2007. Anesthesiology Clinics

25:361-376.

Usingadvocacy‐inquiryinfeedback

• Advocacy• “I observed…”

• “I noticed…”

• “I was troubled by…”

• “I was upset by…”

• “It seemed to me…”

• Inquiry

• “What were you thinking when you…?”

• “What other kinds of choices could you have made?”

Emotionandlearning• Emotional state while learning influences retention and activation

• Inert vs. activated knowledge

• Learning in more highly activated states

• Is recalled when similar states are invoked

• Positive emotion and mastery under stress can be “anchored” 

• Emotional learning tends to be indelible

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Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 8

Emotionandfeedback• Disconfirmation (assumptions challenged)

• e.g. not knowing how to respond to a challenging patient or family member

• Negative judgment (feeling bad)

• Understanding of limitations is essential

• Shame prohibits learning

• Seeking psychological safety (excuses, extenuating circumstances)

• Necessary to provide security

• Risk of failure is necessary for learning new skills

ReflectiveDebriefingAdjectives

• How would you describe your experience today?

Pluses

• what were the positives from your experience today?

• What was satisfactory for you?

• What did you learn that you were good at?

Changes

• If you were working in an IP team, what would you do differently because of your experience today? What skills have you gained that will be useful for you?

Take‐aways

• What is the ‘big picture’ of what you will take away from today? What do you know now that you didn’t know before today?

TheBigDayIntroductionandOverviewoftheDay

IcebreakerUni‐professionalPre‐visitHuddle

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Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 9

ClientInterviewUni‐professionalPost‐visitHuddle

Inter‐professionalHuddle GroupDe‐Brief

StudentLearningOutcomesLearning Outcomes

1. Interview skill development within the specialty group

2. Development of treatment priorities within the interprofessional team

Assessment/Evaluation

• In what ways did you contribute to the IP process of planning the interview?

• Describe your collaborative involvement in planning for the interview (pre‐visit huddle), and reviewing the interview (post‐visit huddles).

• How did IP collaboration facilitate and hinder a holistic assessment? 

• How did IP collaboration hinder a holistic assessment?

• What made IP collaboration challenging for you? 

• What would you do differently during your next clinical interview?

• Overall, what did you learn about yourself as a clinical interviewer?

DebriefingChallengesGame• Take your challenge or solution and find its mate.

• When everyone has been paired, we’ll talk about how you connected the problem and the solution.

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Session ID: 1022‐15 American Psychiatric Nurses Association

Merrie J. Kaas, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC, FAAN; Barbara L. Peterson, PhD, RN, PMHCNS‐BC; Jane L. Miller, MA, PhD 10

Q&A

THANK YOU

(add a picture of our students in IERC)

References• Becker, K. L., Rose, L. E., Berg, J. E. , Park, H., & Shatzer, J. H. (2006).  The teaching effectiveness of standardized patients. Journal of Nursing Education, 45, 103

• Grant, J. S., Keltner, N. L., & Eagerton, G. (2011). Simulation to enhance care of patients with psychiatric and behavioral issues.  Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 49, 43

• CA Orchard, V Curran, S Kabene. (2005). Creating a culture of interdisciplinary collaborative professional practice. Medical Education Online.

• M van Soeren, et al. (2011). Simulated interprofessionaleducation: An analysis of teaching and learning processes. Journal of Interprofessional Care.