Digital Tools for Publishing Curriculum Copyright © Cannady ACOS. All rights reserved

Digital Tools for Publishing Curriculum

Copyright © Cannady ACOS. All rights reserved.

The objective of this lesson is for each student to use digital tools to publish curriculum-related content.

Sample(s) of Behavior (SOBs):- Explain how to design a web

site.- Define web site terminology- Define a Blog- Define a Wiki- Define a Podcast

OBJECTIVE

Blueprint to Develop a Great Web Site!

Blueprint to Develop a Great Web Site Continued

Why a Blueprint?

Building a House requires a detailed Blueprint – includes:

• planning

• materials

• knowledge of building tools


Build a HousePlanning Building

MaterialsTools


Web Site Blueprint

Building a Great Web site requires a blueprint similar to building a house

Web Site

Design

Web Site

Build a Website

Planning Authoring

Programs

Graphic Tools

Web Site

Design

Animation Software

PhotoShop

PhotoDraw

FlashPremiere

Dreamweaver 3

ColdFusion

HomeSite

FrontPage 2000

GoLive


Web Developmen

tBlueprint

DESIGN & DEVELOPMEN

T Navigation Structure

Homepage & page

Construction

Graphics

Design Elements

SYSTEMATIC

PLANNING

Web Audience

Goals and Objectives

Web Authoring Tool

Sketch out Web site


Systematic Planning Why Systematic Planning ?

• Can ensure a quality Web site

• Save Time

• Navigate Web content with ease

What is Systematic Planning?

• Is an overall plan to problem solving that gives attention to all the essential elements in designing your Web site

What are these planning elements?


Web Planning Elements Who are your site visitors?

• (Target Audience)

What is the content, depth and breadth of information in your Web site?

• (Goals and Objectives)

How are you going arrange the Topics and Subtopics of your Web site?

• (Design the Layout of Web Site using Index Cards or Flowchart)

How are you going to use to construct your Web site?

• (Web Authoring Program)


Design & Development

How is the content and hyperlinks of your Web site organized?

• (Navigation Structure)

How are your Web pages designed?

• (Design Strategies)

• (Design Principles)

How are you going to select and edit your graphics?

• (Graphics Tools)


Web Developmen

tBlueprint

DESIGN & DEVELOPMEN

T Navigation Structure

Homepage & page

Construction

Graphics

Design Elements

SYSTEMATIC

PLANNING

Web Audience

Goals and Objectives

Web Authoring Tool

Sketch out Web site


Target Audience

Structure Web site to meet the users needs

Write a statement identifying one or more goals to identify Web population

• Questions to ask:

Who is my Web audience?

age? gender? financial status? location? marital status? education? global? specialized?


Target Audience

Audience analysis

• Guides every aspect of your Web design

• Impacts

Design of information

Selection of Graphics

Visual elements – color, text & graphics


http://www.pbs.org/barney/

http://www.smithbarney.com/

Web Site Global Goals

Three Major Global Goals in Developing any Web site

• make your content easy to understand

• make your message clear to readers

• allow your visitors to navigate Web content with ease


Specific Web Site Goals

Goals – provide the general

framework of your Web site

Example of a Goal

• The purpose of developing my Web site is to

inform school districts, corporations and

individuals, information regarding computer

training using Microsoft FrontPage 2000


Objectives Objectives are precise written statements

about specific Web site content

• Organize information

• Depth and Breadth of information

• Organize content, topics and subtopics

Questions to ask:• What specific information do I want my Web

users to know?

• Are my objectives written clearly?


Example

My Web site will consist of five web pages which will include:

• home page

• about us page

• pricing page

• contact page

• about courses page


Objectives

The home page will provide an overview and links of services provided.

The about us page will inform visitors of my biography, which will include: education, experience and research.

The pricing page will provide information on the rates of services provided.

The contact us page will provide a form in which clients will be able to send information back regarding their name, address and comments.

The about courses page will inform visitors of courses offered and course content.


Sketch out Web Site

Build topic and subtopic outline from your objectives

Use index cards or flow chart to simulate your web pages


Topics and Subtopics

home page

1. Overview of Services

2. Information and site

links

Home Page Banner

Overview of

ServicesGraphic

Links



about us page

1. Biography

2. Education

3. Experience

4. Research

about us page

biography

education

experience

research

graphic



pricing page

1. Overview of services

provided

2. Rates of services

pricing page

overview of servicesrates of services

graphic



contact information page

1. Name of Web Visitor

2. Address

3. Type of Training

4. Comments

contact information page

graphic

name of web visitor

address

type of training

comments



about courses page

1. Overview of courses

2. Content of courses

about courses page

overview of courses

content of courses graphic


Navigation links

W eb Site

Links

Desciption of Services

Overview

Hom e

Research

Experience

Education

Biography

About Us

Rates

Overview of Services

Pricing

Type of Training

Address

Nam e

Contact us

Course Content

Specific Courses

About Courses

Navigation

Home

About us

Pricing

Contact us

Home Page Links

About courses

Site map

Design Web Index

Navigation Links Continued

Web Authoring Programs

Program Company Web Address Phone

Adobe GoLive 4.01 Adobe www.adobe.com 800-411-8657

Dreamweaver 3 Macromedia Inc. www.dreamweaver.com 800-457-1774

HoTMetal PRO 6.0 SoftQuad Software www.softquad.com 416-544-8879

Inc. FrontPage 2000 Microsoft Corp. www.microsoft.com 800-426-9400

NetObjects Fusion 5.0 NetObjects Inc. www.netobjects.com 888-449-6400

TrellixWeb 2.6 Trellix Corp. Corp. www.trellix.com 978-318-7200

HomeSite 4.5.1 Allaire Corp. www.allaire.com/ 888-939-2545

Cold Fusion 4.5 Allaire Corp. www.allaire.com/ 888-939-2545


http://www.adobe.com/

http://www.dreamweaver.com/

http://www.softquad.com/

http://www.microsoft.com/

http://www.netobjects.com/

http://www.trellix.com/

http://www.allaire.com/

http://www.allaire.com/

Site Navigation

Web pages are built around navigation structures

• These Structures govern the navigational interface of the Web site

• Navigation structures

hyperlink and organize the interrelationships of

the Web site content


Site Navigation

Four Structures can be used to build a Web site

• Sequential

• Grid

• Hierarchical

• Web

• Most Web sites use a combination of all four structures


Sequence Structure

Organizes information sequentially

• Alphabetical A Z

• Chronological 1900 2000

• General to Specific Training Sites


http://www.infoplease.com/millennium1.html

http://search.biography.com/bio_browse.pl?letter=A

http://info.med.yale.edu/caim/hhmi/public/

Sequence Structure

Simplest way to organize information is in a linear sequence.

Good structure for training Web sites


Grid Structure

Organized in no particular order of importance

Examples

• Lists of university courses

• Medical topics

Hard to follow unless users recognize the interrelationships between topics


Grid StructureTopics of information have no particular hierarchy of importance


http://www.widener.edu/schools_colleges/schools_colleges.html

Hierarchical Structure

Most common and best way to organize complex navigational schemes

Best suited for most home page navigation


Hierarchical Structure

Topics

Sub-Topics

Information is organized by topics and sub-topics

Home pageMenu


http://my.webmd.com/index

Web-linked Structured

Free flowing non-structured navigation

Allows users to explore Web links in an autonomous manner

Hard to follow unless users recognize the interrelationships between topics


Web-linked sitePose few restrictions on the organization of information BUT can be confusing unless site visitor is familiar with Web content


http://home.earthlink.net/~usondermann/binary.html

*The more your audience is familiar with your information,

the more complex Web navigation structure you can

use to organize your Web information.

Grid

Web

Sequence

Hierarchy

MoreEducated or

Informedaudience

SimpleBasic

Content,training sites

LinearPredictable structure

Non-LinearFlexible – Complex structure


Site Home Page

Home page is where you meet and greet your

site visitors

The top vertical 4 inches are the most valuable

real estate in your Web site

This area should be the most dense area in your

site in both visual and functional complexity

Print Layout is NOT Suitable for the Web

Print layout is viewed as “whole units” of information instead of “screen units”

Place a large graphic on the top of the Web page to capture attention

List links, text content, minor graphics below the main graphic

The navigation links and descriptive information gets pushed off the bottom edge of screen

Graphic

Text

Links

Print Layout = Low Functionality

Upside down gradient of complexity and functionality

High-function areas are invisible without scrolling

Print layout

Links pushed below the fold

Screen

Web page design using a print layout results in “upside down”

functionality

Screen Layout Web layout is about designing “screens” of

information

Readers only see “part” of the page at any one time

A typical 17-inch monitor cannot show even a single letter size (8.5 x 11 inches) page

Screen Layout

Screen

Above the fold

Below the fold

High visibility

Low visibility

Visible only after scrolling

Home page

• Vital Graphics

• Highest priority items

• Highest density of links

Home Page

Homepage layout should divide the page into two visual and functional zones

Zone One is the top screen of information because it is the only area sure to be visible to all users (visible without scrolling)

• denser with links

• graphics

• text

Zone Two has lower priority items (visible by scrolling)

• Highest priority items

• Most Graphics

• Highest density of links

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Link

Home Page Zone One

Graphic

Standard Header

Direct links to heavily used pages within the site

Menu Links

LOGO

Home PageContinued

http://its.med.yale.edu/computing_services.html

Home Page Zone Two

• Lower priority items

• Less graphic

• Density of links less critical

Search

Link Link

Link Link

Link Link

Text

Text

Home PageContinued

http://its.med.yale.edu/computing_services.html

http://www.psu.edu/

http://www.dell.com/

http://info.med.yale.edu/

http://www.alaskaair.com/

http://chronicle.com/

http://www.sapioinstitute.org/

Website Pages

Highly Linked

Fewer Links

As the reader descends into the Web site the pages should be less dense with links, visual and functional complexity.

This will allow readers not to be distracted and to focus on the specific Web content.

Focus

Choice

Grid Layout No one design grid appropriate for all Web

pages

Create a simulation screens using index cards – Consistency is key!

Experiment with various arrangements of the elements on the card

• Titles

• Subtitles

• Navigation links

• Buttons

• Text

• Graphics

Website PagesContinued

Design Page layoutOrganized

Grid

1. Aid users in quickly finding information

2. Give your site a professional look

3. Keep graphics and text consistent and balanced on your pages


Page SizeNote: The widest table that will print on a standard letter-size page is 535 pixels – largest table 600 pixels

Design page for 17” monitors – 640x480 screen resolution

All graphics are designed to fit within the 365-pixel “safe area” of the text column

Largest Table width 535 pixels

365 graphic

safe width

132

Gutter=31 pixels

372 PIXELS


Home Page Design

Design Approaches

• Graphic Approach

• Text Approach

• Graphic and Text Approach


http://www.uit.no/npt/homepage-npt.en.html

http://www.w3.org/

http://www.aqua.org/

http://www.chevrolet.com/corvette/homepage/cor_home.htm

http://www.pbs.org/

http://www.megacar.com/

http://www.nrg.be/

http://www.kodak.com/

Splash Screen

Enter the page with a logo or graphic as greeting to your Web visitor

• Can be annoying to site visitors

• Key is to assess your Web audience

Artist or Medical Web site??


http://renee.esordi.com/

http://www.outrider.com/

http://www.jonesandjones.com/

Splash Screen• Consider the function of your site

• Important question –

• Is the visitor there for a single visit or will they visit often?

No Splash Screen Splash Screen

Reference Sites Entertainment SitesCorporate Sites Some Corporate SitesAcademic Sites General Interests Sites

Entice a visitor Art – Music Sites


Length of Page Research Indicates

• long pages can cause a disorienting effect in scrolling the computer screen three or more pages

• 90% of Web surfers don’t scroll the page (Sun Microsystems - Jakob Nielsen)

• General rule – web page contain no more than about one or two (640x480) screens worth of information

• Navigational links at both the beginning and end of the page layout


Long Text Files Adobe Acrobat® 4.0 software!

• Create a Portable Document Format File (PDF)

• allow users to electronically publish fully formatted cross-platform documents

• A special PostScript interpreter formats PDF files with all text formatting, fonts, and images in place

• Through the free Acrobat Reader, users can view this document on any platform


Page Layout

Line Length

Margins

Columns

Gutters


Line Length

Use Tables to limit the line length, ideally to ten to twelve words per line.


Margins Margins define the reading area of your page by separating the main text from non-text elements.

Use table cells to establish margins, and use them consistently through out your site to provide unity.


Columns

A dual column-text layout provides flexible space for variations in page layout, and it narrows the text column to a comfortable line length.


Gutters The print space between columns are called gutters.

Gutters keep text and graphics from running into one another and create white space on your page.

You can use tables to create gutters in three ways:

By adding a cell to your table that functions as the gutter 31-33 pixels• Cell padding• Cell spacing


Text

Use short “chunks” of information

1) Web users have short attention spans

2) User of a Web link expects to find a specific unit of relevant information – not a book

3) Audiences tend to be diverse. From a readability standpoint, information must be clear and concise

4) Concise “chunks” of information are better suited to the computer screen


Text

“Chunks” of information

5) Write short “chunks” of information that can be scanned quickly

6) Information should be ranked in importance, and organized by the degree of interrelationships among topics

7) Reading speeds are about 25% slower on a monitor than on paper


Text Guidelines

Web Body text

Web Heading Titles

Emphasis

Text Alignment

Consistency


Body Text

Serf font or Sans serif font

• Times New Roman

• Georgia

• Arial

• Verdana

Font Size

• 8–12 point

Font style

• Regular not BOLD

E serifs

E no serifs


Heading Text

Sans serif font

• Arial

• Verdana

Font size

• 12-24 point

Font Style

• Bold

E no serifs


Emphasis Adding emphasis to text in a document will

provide landmarks to direct the reader through your Web content

Italics – Italicized text attracts the eye because it contrasts in shape from body text

Bold – Boldface text gives emphasis because it contrasts in color from the body text

• Large blocks of text set in bold lack contrast and lose their effectiveness


Emphasis Underlined – not desired for emphasis because

underlined text can be confused with a hyperlink

Colored text – Avoid putting colored text within text blocks because readers will assume that the colored text is a hypertext link

CAPITAL LETTERS – CAPITALIZED TEXT IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON AND LEAST EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR ADDING TYPOGRAPHICAL EMPHASIS


Web Page Space White Space

• White space is the absence of text and graphics

• Very important to good design

• White space leads the eye to varying points or intervals of your message

• White space can be “colored space”

Proximity

• How close or far one object is to another on your Web page

• Give appropriate space between text and graphics on your web pages


http://www.dell.com/

http://www.nasm.edu/ceps/SIIMAGES

Alignment & Consistency

Alignment

• Left-justified text is the most legible for Web pages

• Left margin text is even and predictable

Consistency

• Consistency of type style gives polish to a site and encourages visitors to stay

No more than two type styles

Visual consistency (balance) with text and graphics on a page


Page Footers Page footers should always carry basic

information about the origin and age of the page

Every Web page needs to bear this basic information

Example: Sun Microsystems

• Copyright 1994-2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. All rights reserved. Terms of Use. Privacy Policy. Feedback


http://www.sun.com/

http://www.sun.com/share/text/termsofuse.html

http://www.sun.com/privacy/

http://www.sun.com/cgi-bin/comment-form.pl

Dead-end pages

Every Web page should contain at least one link

"Dead-end"pages - pages with no links to any other local page in the site are a frustration to users

Are often a lost opportunity to bring browsers into other pages in your site


Dead-end pagesWebsite Pages

Continued

Design Principles

Simplicity

Balance

Emphasis

Unity

Web...Drawing…Painting

Simplicity To Communicate effectively visuals should convey

one basic idea

Only a few elements should be presented in a single visual

Visuals that contain many ideas are confusing to viewers and misinterpretation are greatly increased

Multiple ideas are best expressed in a series of visuals which are interpreted one at a time by the viewer

Design PrinciplesContinued

SimplicityConfusing Visual – Many Ideas

CLOTHES

SA

LES

(Mill

ions

of

Dolla

rs)

40

30

20

10

0

1970 1980 1990 2000

HOME FURNISHINGS

HARDWARE

SPORTING GOODS


http://www.thestreet.com/

SimplicitySA

LES

(Mill

ions

of

Dolla

rs) 40

30

20

10

0

1970 1980 1990 2000

HOME FURNISHINGSSA

LES

(Mill

ions

of

Dolla

rs) 40

30

20

10

0

1970 1980 1990 2000

HARDWARESA

LES

(Mill

ions

of

Dolla

rs) 40

30

20

10

0

1970 1980 1990 2000

CLOTHES

SA

LES

(Mill

ions

of

Dolla

rs) 40

30

20

10

0

1970 1980 1990 2000

SPORTING GOODS

Series of Visuals - Expressed one at a time


http://www.alaskaair.com/

Emphasis

Provides a means by which attention can be drawn to the important elements of a visual

Emphasis can be accomplished by

• Labels and arrows

• Using Contrasting Color

• Changing Size relationship

• By doing anything that draws the eye to the important element in the visual


Emphasis

Labels and Arrows

Changing Color

Changing Size Relationships


Emphasis One of the most effective ways to create visual

contrast is to add space before and after the header or title to differentiate it from a text block

Indentation using a bulleted list is an effective means of distinguishing important information

• Bullet #1

• Bullet #2

• Bullet #3


Balance

Balance is a form of equilibrium within a Web Page or visual

Visuals on a Web page that are out of balance are disturbing to viewers

A

B A L N C E


Balance

Balance can best be understood by viewing the elements or shapes as though they were a Scale


Balance

When both sides have equal weight the scale is level


Balance

Shapes which are DARK seem heavier then shapes which are LIGHT

Darker Shapes should also appear near the bottom of a visual


Balance

When the weights are unequal the scale tips and the visual is out of balance


Balance

Two shapes which balance at different levels can be brought back to the same level by adding additional weight


Balance

Or by moving the lighter weight away for the pivot which is the center of the visual


Balance

Large shapes have more weight then small shapes

Larger shapes should appear closer to the bottom


Balance

Balance is classified into two types:

• Formal

• Informal


Balance

Formal balance refers to a situation in which the two halves of the visual are symmetrically arranged around the vertical center of the visual

TextText

TextGraphicText


Balance

Example of a Formally Balanced visual is a diagram of the human body

Provides an essay way to ensure balance but the effect can be uninteresting


Balance Informal Balance refers to an

arrangement in which the elements are not symmetrically arranged but still appear balanced and stable

TextText

Graphic

Text Text


Informal Balance is more difficult to achieve but can result in more interesting visuals

Balance

COMPUTER

Companies

DellIBM Gateway

MicronHP

Apple

Formal Balance

Informal Balance

COMPUTER

CompaniesDell

IBM

Gateway

Micron

HPApple


Unity

Unity refers to the strength of the relationship between the elements of a visual

The elements should be tied together into a single meaningful unit

• Ensure Unity

Place the elements very close together

Overlap the elements

Use a Border

Background shape


Unity

No Unity Computer


Unity

ComputerClose Together


Unity

Overlap Elements


UnityBorder

Computer


Unity

Background

Computer


Graphic File Format

Graphics include

• Embellishments

Icons, arrows, bullets and horizontal lines

• Images

scanned, digital camera, net-images

Two dominant file formats for the Web

• GIF (Graphic Interchange Format)

• JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

PNG (Potable Network Graphic) new image format

PNG Features


http://www.cdrom.com/pub/png/pngintro.html

GIFs GIF Properties

• Interlaced

In interlaced GIF files the image data is stored in a format that allows browsers to build a low-resolution version of the full-sized GIF picture on the screen while downloading (good for illustrations and pictures)

Non-interlaced GIF graphic downloads one line of pixels at a time from top to bottom – browsers display each line of the image as it gradually builds on the screen (good for navigation bars, buttons and icons)


GIFs

Transparent Background

Use image editing software like PhotoShop or PhotoDraw to select colors in a GIF color palette to become transparent.


GIFs

Animation

The Gif File format allows you to combine multiple GIF images into a single file to create an animation


GIF Images

Preferred when compressing images with large areas of homogeneous color

GIFs diagrammatic images look better than JPEGs

GIF images cannot have more than 8-bit (256 colors or fewer)


GIF IMAGESDesign PrinciplesContinued

JPEG IMAGES

Full color images – 24 bit or “true-color”

• Preferred when color is needed for detail or emphasis

• Gives excellent results in most photographs and medical images


JPEG IMAGEDesign PrinciplesContinued

Advantages of GIFs and JPEG Formats

GIF

• Most widely supported graphics format on the Web

• GIFs diagrammatic images look better then JPEG

• GIF supports interlacing and transparency

JPEG

• Huge compression ratios mean faster download speeds

• JPEG produces excellent results for photographs

• JPEG supports full-color (24-bit, “true color”) images


Graphic Safe Areas “Safe Area” for Web pages is determined by two factors:

• Minimum screen size in common use - is a 17-inch monitor displays 640x480 pixel screen

• Width of paper used to print Web pages

Graphic "safe area" dimensions for layouts designed to print well:

• Maximum width = 535 pixels

• Maximum height = 295 pixels

Graphic "safe area" dimensions for layouts designed to maximize screen usage:

• Maximum width = 595 pixels

• Maximum height = 295 pixels


IMAGE SOURCES

Clip Art Sites from the Web

Digital Camera

Scanner

Screen Capture

Graphics editor

• PhotoDraw or PhotoShop


Working with Images

Where do you get Images for the Web?

• From the Net

ICON BAZZAR (www.iconbazaar.com/)

Clip ART (www.clipart.com/)

Shock Zone (www.theshockzone.com/)

Media Builder (www.mediabuilder.com/


http://www.iconbazaar.com/

http://www.clipart.com/

http://www.theshockzone.com/

http://www.mediabuilder.com/

Screen Capture

Capture Professional by Creative Softworx

Address: www.creativesoftworx.com

Cost. $44.95


Scanner

Scanners are a very popular medium of incorporating images into a Web site

Scan Web Images at 72 DPI


Scanning Techniques

Source Material

• Should always be Quality Images

Scanning Resolution

• Any Image scanned for the web is 72 DPI

• Even though it is low resolution - you don’t need a high resolution in order to make an image appear clear and attractive in the computer graphic environment


Digital Editing Tools

Microsoft Photo Draw

Adobe PhotoShop


Digital Camera

Digital Camera for high resolution Still Images

Sony Digital Mavica - MVC-FD91

• Removable 3.5 @HD Floppy Storage


Image Production

Overview:

1. Start with Quality

2. Scan the Image

3. Size Image appropriately

4. Select Graphic Enhancements

5. Save files in the proper format for the type of graphic image you’re working with


Quality Image

Use quality images

• stock Images

• digital Images

Quality Images on the Web reflect your site

To reduce or edit images you need good quality images to begin with


Color Significance Red – Love, passion, heat, flame, feminine power

Green – Fertility, peace, nature, earth

Blue – Truth, clarity, dignity, power

Yellow- Energy, joy, lightness of being

Purple – Royalty, wealth, sophistication

Brown – Masculinity, stability, weight

Black – Death, rebellion, darkness, elegance

White – Light, purity, cleanliness, emptiness


Page Color

White or light pastel backgrounds are often the best colors to use for any Web site

Avoid using saturated primary colors

• Red – Green – Blue - Purple


Frames

Organize the display of pages in a Web site into regions in a Web browser

Advantage - frames keep your visitors oriented

• Two Frame parts

Static

Dynamic


Frame Displays

Static

• Remains visible to user (index)

Dynamic Frame Displays

• Change according to the menu selection

Frame Displays Continued

DynamicPage 1

Static index DynamicPage 2

DynamicPage 3

Frame Configurations

Banner &Contents

NestedHierarchy

Horizontal Split

Contents Footnotes Header, Content & Footnotes

Top-DownHierarchy

VerticalSplit

Footer

Most Popular Design


Computer Color Monitor

Based on Cathode ray Tubes (CRT)

CRT’s displays use the red-green-blue (RGB) “additive” color model

Additive because the combination of all three pure colors “adds up” to white light


RGB ModelFrame Displays

Continued

Pixel

Screen organized into a grid or x,y coordinates – checkerboard

Each box on the screen is called a “pixel” (single dot).

• Short for “picture element”


Pixel

To control the color of each pixel on the screen the operating system must dedicate a small amount of memory to each pixel (small dot).

Referred to as “video RAM” or “VRAM”


Black and White

A single bite of memory is assigned to each pixel

(0 or 1) a one-bit display system can manage only two colors

• (black = 1 white = 0) for each pixel on the screen


Black and White Frame Displays Continued

8-bit or 256 color

Eight bites of memory are dedicated to each pixel

Each pixel could be one of 256 colors (256 = 2 to the eight power)

256 is the maximum number of unique combinations of 0’s and 1’s you can make with eight bites


8-bit or 256 colorFrame Displays

Continued

True-color or 24-bit

24 bits of memory are allocated to each pixel

Eight for red, green and blue (8+8+8 = 24)

Can show millions of unique colors


True-color or 24-bitFrame Displays

Continued

Browsers

Web browsers are the user interface to the Web

• Netscape Navigator 4.08

• Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.1 – (5.5 beta)

Problems for Web Developers

• Rapid-fire growth of Web development and competition between the two companies

• Diversity of hardware and platforms

Keep Informed on Web Browser Development and Compatibility

• CNET Browser page

• Page Resource


http://www.cnet.com/

http://www.pageresource.com/zine/index.html

Domain Name for your Company

Visit InterNIC to search for a domain name

• Organization that regulates, tracks, and offers domain name services

interNIC

Visit Network Solutions to Registrar a Web Address

Network Solutions


http://www.internic.net/

http://www.networksolutions.com/

Web Hosting

Types

Dial-Up Access (ISP’s)

• Good for small web site

Developer’s Hosting

• Web site developers commonly host the Web pages for the businesses which are their clients

• Provide good service – customer focused


Web Hosting

Web-Hosting Only

• Web companies which specialize in business Web site hosting

• They allow no dial-up access

• Site owners gain access to their Web pages via FTP


Web Hosting Links

Microsoft

Web Developer’s Corner

Web Hosting Search

Web Marketing


http://www.microsoftwpp.com/wppsearch/

http://www.rtcservices.com/wdc/

http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Companies/Internet_Services/Web_Services/Website_Hosting/Directories/

http://www.wilsonweb.com/articles/webhost.htm

WHAT IS A "BLOG"?

"Blog" is an abbreviated version of "weblog," which is a term used to describe web sites that maintain an ongoing chronicle of information. A blog features diary-type commentary and links to articles on other Web sites, usually presented as a list of entries in reverse chronological order. Blogs range from the personal to the political, and can focus on one narrow subject or a whole range of subjects.

Many blogs focus on a particular topic, such as web design, home staging, sports, or mobile technology. Some are more eclectic, presenting links to all types of other sites. And others are more like personal journals, presenting the author's daily life and thoughts.

Generally speaking (although there are exceptions), blogs tend to have a few things in common:

• A main content area with articles listed chronologically, newest on top. Often, the articles are organized into categories.

• An archive of older articles.

• A way for people to leave comments about the articles.

• A list of links to other related sites, sometimes called a "blogroll".

• One or more "feeds" like RSS, Atom or RDF files.

• Some blogs may have additional features beyond these. Watch this short video for a simple explanation for what a blog is.

http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Feeds%23Feeds

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NN2I1pWXjXI

WHAT IS A "BLOG"? Continued

The Blog Content

Content is the raison d'être for any web site. Retail sites feature a catalog of products. University sites contain information about their campuses, curriculum, and faculty. News sites show the latest news stories. For a personal blog, you might have a bunch of observations, or reviews. Without some sort of updated content, there is little reason to visit a web site more than once.

On a blog, the content consists of articles (also sometimes called "posts" or "entries") that the author(s) writes. Yes, some blogs have multiple authors, each writing his/her own articles. Typically, blog authors compose their articles in a web-based interface, built into the blogging system itself. Some blogging systems also support the ability to use stand-alone "weblog client" software, which allows authors to write articles offline and upload them at a later time.

http://www.bartleby.com/59/4/raisondetre.html

http://codex.wordpress.org/Glossary#Post

http://codex.wordpress.org/Weblog_Client


Comments

Want an interactive website? Wouldn't it be nice if the readers of a website could leave comments, tips or impressions about the site or a specific article? With blogs, they can! Posting comments is one of the most exciting features of blogs.

Most blogs have a method to allow visitors to leave comments. There are also nifty ways for authors

of other blogs to leave comments without even visiting the blog! Called "pingbacks" or "trackbacks,"

they can inform other bloggers whenever they cite an article from another site in their own articles.

All this ensures that online conversations can be maintained painlessly among various site users and

websites.

Things Bloggers Need to Know

In addition to understanding how your specific blogging software works, such as WordPress, there are some terms and concepts you need to know.

Archives

A blog is also a good way to keep track of articles on a site. A lot of blogs feature an archive based on dates (like a monthly or yearly archive). The front page of a blog may feature a calendar of dates linked to daily archives. Archives can also be based on categories featuring all the articles related to a specific category.

It does not stop there; you can also archive your posts by author or alphabetically. The possibilities are endless. This ability to organize and present articles in a composed fashion is much of what makes blogging a popular personal publishing tool.

http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Managing_Comments%23Managing_Comments

http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Pingbacks%23Pingbacks

http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Trackbacks%23Trackbacks

http://codex.wordpress.org/Getting_Started_with_WordPress


Feeds

A Feed is a function of special software that allows "Feedreaders" to access a site automatically looking for new content and then post updates about that new content to another site. This provides a way for users to keep up with the latest and hottest information posted on different blogging sites. Some Feeds include RSS (alternately defined as "Rich Site Summary" or "Really Simple Syndication"), Atom or RDF files. Dave Shea, author of the web design weblog Mezzoblue has written a comprehensive summary of feeds.

Blogrolls

A blogroll is a list, sometimes categorized, of links to webpages the author of a blog finds worthwhile or interesting. The links in a blogroll are usually to other blogs with similar interests. The blogroll is often in a "sidebar" on the page or featured as a dedicated separate web page. BlogRolling and blo.gs are two websites that provide some interesting functions or help related to blogrolls. These sites provide methods for users to maintain these rolls effortlessly and integrate them into weblogs.

WordPress has a built-in Link Manager so users do not have to depend on a third party for creating and managing their blogroll.

http://mezzoblue.com/

http://www.mezzoblue.com/archives/2004/05/19/what_is_rssx/


Syndication

A feed is a machine readable (usually XML) content publication that is updated regularly. Many weblogs publish a feed (usually RSS, but also possibly Atom and RDF and so on, as described above). There are tools out there that call themselves "feedreaders.” What they do is they keep checking specified blogs to see if they have been updated, and when the blogs are updated, they display the new post, and a link to it, with an excerpt (or the whole contents) of the post. Each feed contains items that are published over time. When checking a feed, the feedreader is actually looking for new items. New items are automatically discovered and downloaded for you to read. Just so you don't have to visit all the blogs you are interested in. All you have to do with these feedreaders is to add the link to the RSS feed of all the blogs you are interested in. The feedreader will then inform you when any of the blogs have new posts in them. Most blogs have these "Syndication" feeds available for the readers to use.

Managing Comments

One of the most exciting features of blogging tools are the comments. This highly interactive feature allows users to comment upon article posts and link to your posts and comment on and recommend them. These are known as trackbacks and pingbacks . We'll also discuss how to moderate and manage comments and how to deal with the annoying trend in "comment spam", when unwanted comments are posted to your blog.


Basics-A Few Blogging Tips

Starting a new blog is difficult and this can put many people off. Some may get off to a good start only to become quickly discouraged because of the lack of comments or visits. You want to stand out from this crowd of millions of bloggers, you want to be one of the few hundred thousand blogs that are actually visited. Here are some simple tips to help you on your way to blogging mastery:

Post regularly, but don't post if you have nothing worth posting about.

Stick with only a few specific genres to talk about.

Don't put 'subscribe' and 'vote me' links all over the front page until you have people that like your blog enough to ignore them (they're usually just in the way).

Use a clean and simple theme if at all possible.

Enjoy, blog for fun, comment on other peoples' blogs (as they normally visit back).

WHAT IS A WIKI?

Ward Cunningham, the man behind the very first wiki, described it as "the simplest online database that could possibly work." But, while this sounds good rolling off the tongue, it is not very descriptive, and to be honest, not entirely accurate.

A better description would be a wiki is the simplest collaborative content management system that could possibly work. Sounds complicated, huh? That might be why Ward Cunningham chose not to describe it that way, but it really is a more accurate description because it pinpoints that special something that have caused wikis to burn through the web like a wildfire.

A Wiki is a Content Management System

To understand a wiki, you must understand the idea of a content management system. As complicated as the name might sound, content management systems, sometimes referred to by their initials (CMS), are really quite a simple concept

WHAT IS A WIKI? Continued

Imagine you are the editor of a newspaper and it is your duty to get the newspaper out the door every day. Now, each day, the articles in the newspaper are going to change. One day, a mayor might be elected, the next day, a high school football team wins the state championship, and the next day, a fire destroys two buildings downtown.

So, every day you have to put new content into the newspaper.

However, much of the newspaper also stays the same. The name of the newspaper, for example. And, while the date might change, it is going to be the same date on every page for that issue of the newspaper. Even the formats remain the same, with some pages having two columns and other pages having three columns.

Now, imagine if you had to type in the name of the newspaper on every page each day. And you had to type in the date under it. And you had to manually configure those columns. As an editor, you might find yourself with so much work that you don't have time to actually put the good stuff -- the articles -- into the newspaper because you are too busy typing in the name of the newspaper over and over again.


So, instead, you buy a software program that will let you create a template for the newspaper. This template puts the name at the top of the page, and lets you type in the date a single time and then copies it to each page. It will keep track of page numbers for you, and will even help you format the pages into two columns or three columns with a click of a button.

That is a content management system.

The web works the same way. If you notice, most websites are similar to your newspaper. The name of the website and the menu for navigating through it tend to stay the same while the actual content changes from page to page.

Most websites are designed through a content management system that allows the creator to quickly and easily provide content to the user much in the same way that the editor can quickly pull new articles into the newspaper without having to design every single aspect of it by hand each time.

The simplest of content management systems on the web is the blog. It is about as straight-forward as you can get, which is one of the main reasons why blogs are so popular. You simply type in what you want to say, give it a title, and click publish. The content management system will then stamp a date on it and put it on the main page.


What differentiates a wiki from a blog is the fact that multiple people can -- and usually do in the case of popular wikis -- work on a single piece of content. This means that a single article could have as few as a single author or as many as tens or even hundreds of authors.

This is very different from a blog where an article will usually have only one author. Some blogs are collaborative efforts of multiple bloggers, but even then, a single article is generally attributed to a single blogger. Sometimes, an editor might go over the article to make some correction, but it usually doesn't go much further than that.

It is the collaborative effort that makes wikis so great.

Think about the game of Trivial Pursuit, or any other type of trivia game. Most of us can feel pretty good about one or two categories. We all have interests, and we've gathered some knowledge from those interests. We even feel comfortable outside of those interests, so while we might not be a history nut, we can remember some of what they taught us in school.


And, most of us feel uncomfortable with a few subjects. You might like sports, but you might hate basketball, so you probably wouldn't know who scored the most points in the NBA in 2003.

So, when we play a game of Trivial Pursuit, there are categories we like to get questions from, and other categories we try to avoid.

But, when we play on a team that begins to change. If you don't know much about automobiles, but your partner knows everything there is to know about cars, we feel comfortable trying to answer automotive questions. We've pooled our knowledge together and, because of that, we are better equipped to answer questions.

A Wiki is Content Collaboration

That is what makes a wiki tick. It pools together the knowledge of a group of people to create the best possible resource. So, in effect, an article becomes the sum of knowledge of the people who worked on the article. And, just like in Trivial Pursuit when we can do better when we are on a team, an article becomes better when it is created by a team.


And, just like in that game of Trivial Pursuit, different team members bring their own strengths to the table.

Think about this article. I have a good general knowledge about wikis, so I am able to explain the basics. But, what if we got Ward Cunningham, the creator of the first wiki, to come add to this article? He's far more of an expert on the subject, so he could go into more detail in areas. And then, what if we got Jimmy Wales, who co-founded Wikipedia, to add to the article. Again, we get more detail.

But, while Ward Cunningham and Jimmy Wales might have a treasure trove of knowledge about wikis, they might not be the greatest writers. So, what if we got the editor of the New York Times to sweep through the article to tidy it up?

The end result is that we'd be reading a much better article.

And that is the beauty of wikis. Through a collaborative effort, we are able to create a resource that is superior to anything that we could have accomplished alone.


So, Just What Is A Wiki?

Still confused? I've explained the concept behind the wiki, and why wikis have become such a popular resource, but that doesn't explain exactly what a wiki is.

So what is it?

It's a book. And, usually, it's a reference book, like your dictionary or encyclopedia.

Since it is in web form, you use a search box rather than a table of contents. And, from any single article, you might be able to jump to several new subjects. For example, the Wikipedia entry on "wiki" has a link to Ward Cunningham's entry. So, instead of flipping back and forth in a book to get the whole story, you can just follow the links.

WHAT IS A PODCAST

In this article I'm going to explain what a podcast is and why it's becoming such a popular media. This is going to be an easy to understand podcast definition in everyday terms.

If you prefer "geek-speak" and pride yourself in the use of jargon.

You're about to see how you can find a huge variety of new and interesting content from the internet to fill your MP3 player for free. You can listen to what you want, when you want, and how you want.

Imagine getting new “radio”-style talk and music shows to listen to on your iPod or other MP3 player every day. You wake up and automatically have new shows ready to listen to while you exercise or commute to work. This is the podcast listening experience.

Not only that, but anyone can create his or her own “radio”-style show and broadcast it to the world in very little time and at very little cost. All you need is a computer, a mic and the internet.

When I first heard about podcasting I was blown away. I spent a week reading everything I could about podcasts and finding new podcasts to listen to. I was so excited about the idea of so much free, original and interesting content to listen to. I could also sense that this was going to be an amazing new way to share content across the internet and to millions of mp3 players.

WHAT IS A PODCASTContinued

Break Free from the Same Old Stale Radio Content and Choose to Listen to What Interests You Let’s face it. Broadcast radio is getting old. The same songs get played over and over until you're sick of them. A few large companies have control of the formats and what gets played. There is no variety.

If I listen to the radio while driving, one hand is on the “scan” button and the other is on the wheel. As soon as something loses my interest, I tap the button—and I tap it a lot.

With podcasts you don’t have to wait to hear something that interests you. You choose what you want to listen to. There are now thousands of podcasts and the number is growing rapidly.

Podcasting has leveled the playing field. Anyone with something to say and a desire to say it can create a podcast and publish it to the world.

Podcasters (as they are called) are not restricted by the FCC or traditional broadcast formats and regulations. This allows for numerous subjects and formats.

Podcasting is an escape from the same old, corporate conglomerate, worn-out, Clearchannel controlled, pre-programmed, blah blah blah radio. Podcasting has personality and variety that run-of-the-mill radio does not.

So Let’s Talk More Specifically Now About What is a Podcast?

The word podcast is a play on the word broadcast combined with the word iPod (one of the most popular portable MP3 players). Apple did not invent the word podcast, although I'm sure they are enjoying the free marketing they are getting from the popularity of podcasting.


You do not have to have an iPod to listen to a podcast. In fact, I personally believe there are many other MP3 players that are better for listening to podcasts. You can listen to podcasts on anything that plays MP3s. Once the podcast is downloaded, it's just an MP3.

The Podcast Revolution:You Can Create or Listen to WhateverKind of Audio Content You Can Imagine.

Anyone can create a podcast. All over the world, people are creating podcasts on subjects ranging from movies, to technology, to music, to politics and whatever else you can think of. This is new original content made by passionate people who want to share their creativity with the world.

The cost to start podcasting is so low that anyone can do it. Most podcasters are everyday people like you and me. They could be talking to you driving in their car, sitting in their living room or speaking at a conference. You get to glimpse into their life and into their interests.

Podcasters are creating very raw and real content and listeners are responding. Free from corporate radio and broadcast regulations, you can create whatever kind of show you can imagine.

Some podcasts are “talk show” style. Others introduce you to the latest bands and music. With podcasts you can stay current on the news, get a glimpse into someone’s life, listen to move reviews and the list goes on.

Most podcasts are made by people who are very passionate about their subject. Passion is infectious and interesting to listen to. Since the birth of podcasting, a huge variety of shows have shown up on the internet.


In addition, many major media outlets are also now offering podcasts. You can listen to NPR, Rush Limbaugh and many major news outlets by podcast.

What Makes Podcasts Different and So Popular to Listen to?

Maybe you're still wondering what all the hype is about. MP3s have been on the internet for quite some time. Internet radio is nothing new. Audio blogs have been around for awhile, too.

What sets podcasts apart is that they can be automatically downloaded to your computer and synced to your MP3 player without you lifting a finger. You can wake up each morning with new shows on your MP3 player ready to listen on your way to work.

This ease and convenience of this automatic delivery is powerful. This is what sets podcasting apart and made it so popular. Imagine walking into Starbucks to get a drink and by the time you leave you have new shows to listen to on your MP3 player. We haven’t reached that point yet, but we are headed there.

This amazing technology came out of the minds of David Winer and Adam Curry (you may remember Adam was a VJ on MTV in the mid-80s). Adam wanted an easy way for people to create audio content and for listeners to automatically receive it to their MP3 players.

David had the basic feed technology (explained below) in place to make it happen. Together they put together the foundation that would become podcasting. You can read more about the history of podcasting here.


Podcasts Automatically Put New Listening Content on Your MP3 Player on a Regular Basis Without You Having to Lift Even a Finger. At the core a podcast is an audio file that is automatically received from the internet and then synced to your MP3 player. The files are received by subscribing to what's called a podcast feed. Sometimes you also hear this called an RSS feed, but that is just geek speak that gets used to try and impress you.

Maybe you have seen the small orange icons that look like this or this on some web pages. This icon is a link to a news feed. Blogs use this kind of feed to deliver new content to their subscribed readers.

The same kind of feed is used to deliver podcast shows to your computer. You don’t need to know how the feed works to subscribe. You just need to know that you can subscribe to a podcast feed to get the latest shows when they are released.

You don’t have to remember to check for new shows. You don’t have to download it. It's done for you.

You can think of a podcast as being like a magazine because you subscribe to it and receive new content regularly.

Even though subscribing to a feed is the most convenient way to receive podcast, you don’t have to subscribe to listen. Many podcasts can also be streamed from the web or downloaded directly as an MP3 file.

What is a Podcast Aggregator?

To subscribe to a podcast you use a software program called a podcatcher (http://www.podcatchermatrix.org)


Sometimes this is also called a podcast aggregator (but again this is geek speak). Just know that podcatcher and aggregator mean the same thing. It's the software that you use to subscribe to and receive podcasts.

The podcatcher regularly checks the feed for new content that has been posted. When a new podcast show is found, it's downloaded. The next time you plug your MP3 player into your computer, the new podcasts shows are synced by your media player (such as iTunes).

Now You Can Listen to Exactly What You Want, When You Want and How You Want!

With podcasts, you're in control. Earlier I mentioned that a podcast is kind of like a magazine subscription. Podcasts are also like Tivo because you're in control of when you listen to it.

You can rewind a podcast. You can play it over and over. You can pause it. You can store it wherever you want. You can delete it when you want. Podcasts give you the control.

You can listen to podcasts on your computer, burn them to CD or transfer them to your MP3 player. You're in control of when and how you listen.

Compare that to listening to the radio. Big corporations decide what you get to listen to and when you listen to it. It's all controlled by what will make them money. Now you can have radio your way.


Unlike streaming audio, you can take a podcast with you. To listen to streaming content you're tied to a computer with a fast internet connection.

Now compare podcasts to a download from iTunes. You're not limited to how many times you can download a podcasts or how many times you can burn it. It's not limited to only playing in certain media players. Speaking of iTunes, with podcasts there are…No 99 Cent Downloads. Most Podcasts Are Free.

You Can Subscribe to as Many as You Want.

If you want something other than 99 cent music downloads to fill your MP3 player, then podcasts are it. Most podcasts are free and there is no limit to how many you can find and subscribe to. You're only limited by how much time you have to listen to them. Maybe you can actually fill that 40 gig drive now.

Just because podcasts are free does not mean that they are not quality. Granted, there are some podcasts that will make you cringe because the content and audio stink. But there are a lot of podcasters out there who are passionate about what they do and make quality shows even though they are free to listen to.

Most Podcasts Don’t Even Have Commercials


The purpose of most radio content is to keep you listening until the next commercials. Who likes listening to ads? Without commercials, radio would die.

Most podcasts are commercial-free. The cost of podcasting is low enough that podcasters can produce their shows with little or no sponsorship. Even when podcasters do incorporate some advertising it's much less intrusive than the barrage we get on the radio.

You Only Receive the Podcasts that You Subscribe To. There’s No SPAM Like With Email.

You will only automatically receive podcasts that you have subscribed to our downloaded yourself. There is no podcast SPAM. You can unsubscribe if a podcast bores you to death.

Become a Celebrity and Recognized Expert on the Internet.

Promote Your Businesss and Stay in Contact with You Customers.Start Your Own Podcast.

Since podcasts showed up in Fall 2004 thousands of shows have been created. In the Summer of 2005 iTunes 4.9 added features for podcasts. This generated a huge leap forward in the number of podcast listeners and podcasters.

A popular podcast feed management site, Feedburner, reported that the number of listeners in January 2005 (13,500) almost doubled to 24,000 by February of 2005. This stat is from just one slice of the podcasting feeds on the internet


Podcasting has become a big buzz word on the web and in the media. New services for listening to and creating podcasts are constantly popping up. This industry is seeing very exciting growth. Podcasting is moving forward at the speed of light.

Despite this rapid growth, we are only scratching the surface. You can still catch this wave. Think of how fun it will be to create your own podcast and become a celebrity on the internet.

People will be listening to what you have to say. They will be enjoying your own creation. You can become and a recognized expert on the topic of your choice. This makes podcasting valuable for business use.

You can leverage this relationship with your audience to make money and promote yourself. Your listeners will become dedicated and will return often for your opinion and expertise.

Podcast Definition Summary


Now it's time for your pop quiz. Quit your whining. I promise it's easy:

1. What are podcasts:

a) A new type of media that puts you in control of what you listen to, when you listen to it and how you listen to it (usually on a computer or portable audio player)

b) An easy way to share your own audio content on the internet with a focused audience

c) A media that can be created with equipment you probably already own, for little cost and in as little as a day

d) A way to become a recognized expert or celebrity in your niche

e) A powerful way to connect with your customers and promote your business to them on regular basis

f) All of the above (you saw that coming)

If you answered ‘f’, then you were right. If you didn’t answer 'f', then I'm wondering how you got to this point on the page without even reading about what is a podcast.

Just to top it all off, here is a podcast definition from the Oxford English Dictionary (yes, podcasting is in the dictionary now...how validating):

podcast n. a digital recording of a radio broadcast or similar program, made available on the Internet for downloading to a personal audio player.


Podcast Tutorial: Four Basic Steps

This podcast tutorial is broken down into four steps:

Plan

Produce

Publish

Promote

Let's take a quick look at each section of the podcast tutorial.

Plan Your Podcast

I know you are probably anxious to press record and get your voice on the net. But a little planning will help you stay focused. In the end you will produce a better podcast that will attract and keep more listeners. This will also make your job as a podcaster a lot easier.

In the planning section I will raise a few questions for you to consider and help you make some important decisions about:

Podcast Topic

Podcast Format

Choosing a location for your podcast

We'll also talk about how to outline and plan each episode of your podcast before you record.


Produce Your Podcast

This is where you will open the mic and start talking (or whatever else you plan on doing in your podcast). In this section, I'll go over podcasting gear and podcasting software.

We'll also learn how to record your podcast and create an MP3 file in the Audacity Tutorial.

Publish Your Podcast

Once you've created your first podcast, you need to prepare it for publishing and post it to the internet. This section covers topics such as:

Creating an MP3 File

ID3 Tags for Podcasts

Podcast Hosting (blogs, web hosting, RSS feeds)

Free Podcast Hosting

Naming Your Podcast File

Uploading Your Podcast

Writing Podcast Show Notes

Posting Show Notes


Promote Your Podcast

Of course you'll want more listeners for your podcast. You want to become a recognized expert and celebrity on the internet now that you have your own show, right?

In this section we'll talk about how to find listeners for your podcast.

Ready to get started? Let's get to it…

Summary BLUEPRINT TO DEVELOP A GREAT WEBSITE

NAVIGATION LINKS

HOME PAGE

WEBSITE PAGES

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

FRAME DISPLAYS

WHAT IS A BLOG?

WHAT IS A WIKI? WHAT IS A PODCAST?

Sources:

Michael F. Ruffini, Ed. D, BluePrint to Develop a Great Web Site!

Joe Kraynak, Easy Internet, Third Edition

http://netobjects.com/html/essentials.html

Van Orden, Jason, How to Podcast Tutorial, 2005-2008

http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging

http://webtrends.about.com/od/wiki/a/what_is_a_wiki.htm

Blogging Tool, Barbara J. Feldman, July 7, 2003

QUESTIONS?

Documents

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