DNV GL © 2016 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL © 20181

Development of a Proposed Performance Standard for Battery

Storage Employed in a Domestic/Light Commercial Solar-Battery

ApplicationNishad Mendis

ABPS Webinar #01, 23 November 2018, Melbourne

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Overview

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Who?

§ DNV GL Australia Pty Ltd (Project Lead)

§ Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

What?

§ Develop a Performance Standard, for BESS connected to domestic/small commercial PV systems

§ Maximum BESS size considered is: 100kW, 200kWh

Why?

§ No such Standard currently exists, and this is an area of significant interest and potential

§ Market growth depends on consumer confidence. Clarity is needed to compare offerings How?

§ Standards review and gap analysis, to determine elements required in this Standard

§ Undertake a program of battery tests to trial practicality and repeatability of proposed test methods

§ Funding provided by Victorian State Government and Australian Renewable Energy Agency

§ Smart Energy Council

§ Deakin University

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Capabilities of Project Consortium Partners§ DNV GL: Energy

~ DNV GL is a global classification, certification and advisory company

~ Energy has 2,500 experts delivering services across the energy value chain

~ Services in Energy storage: Technical advisor for storage projects in Australia

~ California Energy Storage Road Map

~ GRIDSTOR: Recommended practice for grid connected energy storage systems

~ 30 Million USD investment in Battery Testing facility (NY BEST) in New York

~ Active in IEC T-120 and national level standardisation activities in USA and Europe

CSIRO~ 20+ years of battery expertise both in development and testing/evaluation~ 2 testing facilities –Centre for Hybrid Energy System (CHES) Testing facility and 4 battery testing laboratories with industrial battery testers

Deakin University

~ Strong research and analytical skills for developing a battery capacity estimation methodology

Smart Energy Council~ Peak national bodies for energy storage and solar industries, with 120 and 1,000 members, respectively~SEC will coordinate engagement with energy storage industry stakeholders and provide expert industry advice.

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DNV GL

Battery and Energy Storage Technology (BEST) Testing and Commercialization Centre:

§ Performance validation and certification testing

§ Environmental testing capabilities

§ Battery lifetime testing

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Why this Project is Required?

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§ AEMO estimates that domestic solar PV and battery market represents 25,000GWh (~=14% of total demand) by 2030

§ No comprehensive regulatory framework and lack of market knowledge

§ Potential for underperforming battery/solar assets at domestic and commercial level

§ Improve transparency, to facilitate competition, customer confidence and inform choices

§ Reduce barriers to increased penetration of renewable energy whilst maintaining system reliability

§ Use case analysis to support determination of best fit technologies

§ Characterise battery performance in a manner uniformly accepted by industry

Third-Party reports which identify this as a need

§ “Road Map for Energy Storage Standards” report by Standard Australia

§ Standard Australia consultation Papers on energy storage systems

§ COAG Energy Council “Energy Market Transformation” stakeholder forum

§ “Victoria’s Renewable Energy Roadmap” report by the Victorian Government

§ ARENA commissioned: Analysis of Energy Storage Market, undertaken by SEC, identified need for performance standard for solar batteries

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Why is this project necessary: Example of Confusing Battery Specifications

Source: https://www.energystorage.org.au/batteryfinder/

Brand Type/chemistry Manufacturer reported cycle

life

Conditions

Lithium ion 4500 100% DoD

Lithium ion 5000 80% DoD

LiFePO4 6000 90% DoD

LiFePO4 10000 90% DoD

NMC 5000 Not given

LiFePO4 6000 Not given

Lithium ion 6000 80% DoD

LiFePO4 7300 Not given

Lead acid 1500 60% DoD

LiFePO4 8000 80% DoD

Tubular lead acid 3500 50% DoD

Sodium nickel 4500 80% DoD

Lithium ion (titanate) 5000 80% DoD

Lead crystal 3000 50% DoD

LiFePO4 3800 75% DoD

Without using same determination conditions - cycle life comparisons cannot be made as different values obtained under various conditions.

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Project Structure

DNV GL

CSIRO SECDeakin

University

ARENA Stakeholder Reference Group

Victorian Government

PNNL

SA

NY BEST

ITP

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Project Summary

Aim:

To produce a draft Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Performance Standard, for BESS connected to

residential/small-scale commercial PV systems. The draft standard shall comprise a series of performance testing

protocols & performance-metric reporting methods for manufacturers, such that consumers are better informed regarding

the expected performance of a BESS for specific use-cases, and therefore can compare systems on a consistent basis.

Audience:

Primary - Manufacturers - of batteries and battery energy storage systems. To provide recommended practices for the

testing of battery energy storage system components and the associated reporting requirements (labelling and

documentation) to be provided to consumers.

Secondary – Consumers – To enable consumers to make informed choices regarding the performance of different BESS

available in the market, in view of the intended application. Also, to provide confidence that performance metrics reported

are relevant and are comparable between different manufacturer’s systems.

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Scope of the Project

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§ Stage 1: A comprehensive gap analysis on existing energy storage performance standards, high level draft format of the proposed Standard. Review of ITP Renewables test data to inform the testing plan developed in Stage 2.

§ Stage 2:

- Draft proposed Standard test methods

- Performance Testing to prove draft Standard methods, and refine as required

- Recommended criteria to select the battery management systems (BMS)

- Generalise results to develop a battery capacity estimation methodology for

domestic/commercial solar and battery application

- Performance related hazards identification

- Recommended minimum set of information for material safety data sheet (MSDS)

Kick-off- 21 June 2018

(2 year time frame)

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Industry Stakeholder Reference Group

- Ecoult - AGL

- Alpha ESS - University of Wollongong

- LG Chem - Clean Energy Regulator

- Redback Technologies - Smart Energy Training Centre

- Tesla - ARENA

- Clean Energy Council - Victorian Government DELWP

- Standards Australia - CSIRO

- Century Yuasa - Smart Energy Council

- Jemena - Deakin University

- Energy Consumers Australia -Solar Quip

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ABPS Webinar #01, 23 November 2018, Melbourne

Australian Battery Performance Standard:

Standard Development Process & Applicable Standards Review and Gap Analysis

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Topics

1. Development process for ABPS as an Australian Standard (engagement with Standards Australia)

2. ABPS development – Applicable standards review & gap analysis (Stage 1 activity)

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The Standard Development Process

ABPS project aims

– To produce a proposed Australian Battery Performance Standard for submission to the Standards Australia process.

– Streamline the process for adoption of such standard, as much as possible, during the development phase.

Key stakeholder engagement activities

– Engage early with Standards Australia (SA)

– Be aware of all related local and international standards & standard development activities

– Broadly engage with relevant stakeholders throughout the project period

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Road to ABPS adoption - Engagement with Standards Australia

Activities Completed

§ Early engagement undertaken to ensure awareness within SA of proposal & in principle support provided

§ Ensure no conflict with other SA developments. (SA publications emphasise the need such a standard: Energy Storage Standards Consultation Papers 1 & 2 and Roadmap for Energy Storage Standards)

§ Provided SA with an overview of the ABPS development process and stakeholder engagement plan

§ Acquired clarity regarding standard development and proposal submission processes. SA has provided the Australian Standard template for ABPS drafting.

§ Established engagement pathways:

– through SA Stakeholder Engagement Manager

– invited member of ABPS-Stakeholder Reference Group

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Road to ABPS adoption

Current activities

§ Ongoing SA engagement – regarding standard development process & road to adoption

§ SA provided feedback regarding makeup of Stakeholder Reference Group & other relevant parties

§ SRG participants do not directly align with the internal SA Technical Committees that may oversee final review, but are understood to generally cover various key stakeholders.

§ SA is to consider which may be the most suitable technical committee to review the proposed standard:

– EL-042 - Renewable Energy Power Supply Systems & Equipment

– EL-005 – Secondary Batteries

§ Ongoing planning to determine the best way to maximise engagement with relevant technical committee participants and broader sector, prior to formal standard application process.

Future activities

§ Development of proposed standard. (Draft outline to be prepared by forthcoming Milestone 2)

§ Ensure net benefit case is clear and ABPS supported through broad stakeholder consultation

§ Submit proposal for standard to be considered by SA

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ABPS Development – Stage 1 activity - Applicable standards review & gap analysis

Strategy for development of the ABPS

– reference and incorporate relevant global best practices where available

– enhance current practices where needed

– address gaps

– ensure relevancy for the Australian market

Aim - Standards review

Comprehensive review of existing local & international BESS performance standards, best practice documents,

guidelines and codes, to:

– consolidate and detail the framework within which the ABPS is being developed

– identify relevant pre-existing guidelines

– identify gaps within pre-existing guidelines with respect to Project scope

– identify areas where efforts are needed and should be focused to maximise value

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Gap analysis review process

Industry and regulation background review

– Status of Australian market regulation, local and international standards & related development activities

– Residential and small-scale commercial battery market and drivers

– BESS applications relevant for the Australian market

– Performance reporting used in current battery datasheets

– Relevant battery technologies (already covered in Battery Testing Selection Report)

Standards review

– Compile list of battery energy storage related standards, guidelines, codes: ~ 250

– Filter for performance related standards & local documents: - ~ 150

– includes AS, IEC, IEEE, ISO, UL, ANSI, PNNL, etc.

– Noting ABPS scope limitation: focus on performance and will not cover matters related to safety of installation, grid connection, recycling, handling and transport requirements associated with BESS.

– Adequacy of standards database was reviewed with Stakeholder Reference Group

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Gap analysis review process

Standards review (cont.)

– Define initial review criteria (preliminary performance indicators & additional review items)

– Define tabular template for reviews

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Standards review - Preliminary performance indicators & additional review items

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No. Preliminary Performance Indicator Categories Scope for Gap Analysis

1 Energy capacity Includes all criteria related to energy capacity, including rated (nameplate), installed and actual.2 Power and charge/discharge rates Includes active, reactive and apparent power, rated and actual. Includes charge/discharge current, C-rates.

3 Efficiency Includes roundtrip efficiency, losses (e.g. standby, charging/discharging) and auxiliary power consumption associated with BESS components.

4 Service life / throughput Includes criteria related to calendar life, cycle life, throughput, degradation, State-of-Health and endurance.

5 System response All dynamics of BESS, including ramp rates, response time in normal operation and stand-by.6 Self-discharge rate Chemical reaction related energy losses while BESS is disconnected (i.e. BESS electrodes non-energised).

7 Voltage and frequency range - AC Includes criteria related to operational AC voltage and frequency range.8 Charge/Discharge limits Includes depth of discharge, depth of charge, average State of Charge, State of Charge swing.9 Voltage Range – DC DC battery, cell, pack, module or terminal level DC voltage.

No. Additional Items for Review Scope for Gap Analysis

10 Environmental Conditions Includes any information related to environmental conditions including for operational envelopes or testing of BESS.

11 Use cases / duty cycles Any definitions for use cases/applications of BESS and/or duty cycles.12 Cost Any cost related metrics, life-cycle, levelized cost of energy, etc.13 Communications and controls Any criteria related to the effect of BMS, EMS operation control and communication with other system

components.

14 Operational limitations Operational limitations of auxiliary systems (e.g. environmental control system) and Power Electronic Control Systems (e.g. Inverter DC voltage limitations).

15 Electrical Protection Any electrical protection requirements that may impact BESS performance.16 Testing Protocols Any test methods to characterise the performance of the battery system.17 Impedance/internal resistance Any definitions or criteria related to internal resistance of the battery.

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Standards review - template

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Standard

Main purpose

Country/Region relevance

Battery chemistries

Focus Cell Module Pack System

Relevance code

Format is worth considering for ABPS

Clarity of content

Relevant sections/clauses

BESS component requirements, excluding battery

Possibly superseded?

Key Performance Indicators/Metrics

Performance indicator 1 PI Category: [#- Name]

Test methods

Applicability of present form and adequacyfor ABPS

Rating: Adequacy for the ABPS Format Definition Test Protocols Reporting

Special notes:

Overall Relevance Code of standard for ABPS

None Minor Major

Brief description of relevancy level

No relevance at all.

Less than 20% content of the standard seems relevant to the ABPS

More than 50% content of the standards seems relevant to the ABPS

Adequacy of Performance Indicator details for ABPS

Low Medium High

Brief description of relevancy level

Relevance < 3 for all categories

Relevance = 3 for any category

Relevance = 4 or 5 for any category

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Gap analysis review status

– Standard reviews ~ complete, undergoing internal reviews and consistency checks

– Consolidation of outcomes is in progress, including consolidation of key performance indicator categories

– High-level draft of ABPS framework (section titles) is in progress

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SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

www.dnvgl.com

Thank you

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Catherine Williams, Principal Engineer, Project Engineeringcatherine.williams@dnvgl.comTel: +61 3 9600 1993

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DevelopmentofaDraftBatteryPerformanceStandardWebinar1

CSIROENERGY

AnandIBhatt,ChristopherMunningsandAnthonyHollenkamp|ResearchTeamLeaderandSeniorScientists

23November2018

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BatterySelection

• Theproblem:currentmethodofperformancemeasurementarenotstandardandcreatesconfusion• Thesolution:• Standardisedperformanceevaluationmethodandconditionsforallbatterysystems– Applicationspecific– Batterytechnologyagnostic– Applicabletoalllevelsfromcellthroughtosystem– Validatedthroughexamplelaboratoryevaluations

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BatterySelection• UselaboratorytestingtoguideStandardsrecommendationsdevelopment

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BatteryEvaluation

• Standardshouldbeapplicableforalllevelsofthebatteryenergystoragesystem• Meanstestingcanbeperformedbyanyoneintheentiresupplychain• Chemistryagnostic– applicabletoallcurrentandemergingsystems• Applicationspecific– differentapplicationswillhavedifferentperformancemetricsapplicability

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Batterytesting

Presentationtitle|Presentername6 |

System

Module/pack

cell

• Increasingenergy,current,voltage,poweretc.

• Increasedcostoftestingequipment

• Increasedtraining• Etc.

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BatteryTesting

7 |

Systemperformancereporting

Batterysystem

Yes

Testsystem

Module/Packundersystemlimitation

Cellundersystemlimitation

Testmodule/pack

TestCell

Yes

Yes

No

No

Replicatessystemperformance?

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BatteryEvaluation

• Identifydifferentapplicationsinresidentialtolightcommercialspace

• Usereallifedata(whereavailable)todevelopasimulated“applicationcycle”

• Identifyperformancemetricsapplicabletothesecycles,forexample:• Cyclelife(charge/dischargebased)• Energythroughput• Power• DepthofDischargerange• Temperaturerange• Etc.

• Proposeperformancemetricsforeachdrivecycle/application

• Evaluatebatteryandensuremetricsaresuitableforuse

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BatterySelection

• Batteryselectionguide/process

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BatterySelection

10 |

BatteryType System CellorModule Comments

Nickel-cobalt-aluminiumoxide(NCA)

Yes Yes

Nickel-manganese-cobaltoxide(NMC)

Yes Yes

lithiumtitanate Yes Yes

ZnBrflow Yes Lightcommercial

Lithiumironphosphate(LiFePO4)

Yes Yes

Lithium manganeseoxide Yes Technologyagnosticdemonstrator

NaNi Yes Technologyagnosticdemonstrator

Advanced leadacid Yes

Lead acid Yes Onlysuitableformatschosen

Supercapacitors Yes claimedforapplication

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BatteryEvaluation• Step1:Calibratebatteriesandsystems

• Identifypoorbattery/systemandreplace,exacttestingconditions– ensurebatteryandsystemsarebeingfairlytested,limitationsBMSorhardwarelimitations– ensureongoingtestingutilisestheseconditions

• Step2:Identifyapplicationsanddevelop“applicationcycle”• Analysesolarirradiance,temperatureandloadprofilesbyseasonandState,• Develop“averaged”input,temperatureandloadprofilestosimulateapplicationforupperandlowerlimits

• Step3:Suggestdraftbatteryperformancestandardsrecommendations• Frompreviousanalysisidentifykeyperformancemetricse.g.cyclelife,poweretc.,suggestperformance

metricsandrecommendationsforeachdifferentapplicationtype

• Step4:Identifysystemlimitationsandcorrelationfactors• Identifysystem(hardwareorBMS)limitationsofcell/modules,Investigatesystemperformance,investigate

cell/moduleperformanceundersystemlimitations,demonstratecorrelationandvariancefactors

• Step5:Validaterecommendations• TestrecommendationsfromStep3underarangeofsystems/modulesandcells

– Identifywhererecommendationsneedmodificationandretest,identifywhereprovisionsneedtobemadeforspecificbatterychemistriesandincorporateindraftstandard,identifywhererecommendationscannotbeusedanddraftnewrecommendations

• Identifyperformancemetricsmeasurementmethodologyforeachapplicationtype– Specifyconditionssuchascurrent,voltage,time,power,temperatureetc.,specifyhoweachmetric

shouldbemeasured,specifyhoweachmetricshouldbereported

• Step6:Draftstandardwithvalidatedrecommendations

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CSIROEnergyAnandBhattResearchTeamLeadert +61395458691e anand.bhatt@csiro.auw www.csiro.au/energy

ChrisMunningsSeniorResearchEngineert +61395457881e christopher.munnings@csiro.auw www.csiro.au/energy

TonyHollenkampPrincipleresearchScientistt +61395458903e tony.hollenkamp@csiro.auw www.csiro.au/energy

CSIROENERGY